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the tying, taping, or strapping down of a student, shall not be considered a reasonable use of force, and its use is prohibited.
(3) Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to prevent the use of mechanical restraint devices, such as handcuffs by law enforcement officers in the lawful exercise of their law enforcement duties.
(1) Seclusion of students by school personnel may be used in the following circumstances:
a. As reasonably needed to respond to a person in control of a weapon or other dangerous object.
b. As reasonably needed to maintain order or prevent or break up a fight.
c. As reasonably needed for self‑defense.
d. As reasonably needed when a student's behavior poses a threat of imminent physical harm to self or others or imminent substantial destruction of school or another person's property.
e. When used as specified in the student's IEP, Section 504 plan, or behavior intervention plan; and
1. The student is monitored while in seclusion by an adult in close proximity who is able to see and hear the student at all times.
2. The student is released from seclusion upon cessation of the behaviors that led to the seclusion or as otherwise specified in the student's IEP or Section 504 plan.
3. The space in which the student is confined has been approved for such use by the local education agency.
4. The space is appropriately lighted.
5. The space is appropriately ventilated and heated or cooled.
6. The space is free of objects that unreasonably expose the student or others to harm.
(2) Except as set forth in subdivision (1) of this subsection, the use of seclusion is not considered reasonable force, and its use is not permitted.
(3) Seclusion shall not be considered a reasonable use of force when used solely as a disciplinary consequence.
(4) Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to prevent the use of seclusion by law enforcement officers in the lawful exercise of their law enforcement duties.
(f) Isolation. – Isolation is permitted as a behavior management technique provided that:
(1) The space used for isolation is appropriately lighted, ventilated, and heated or cooled.
(2) The duration of the isolation is reasonable in light of the purpose of the isolation.
(3) The student is reasonably monitored while in isolation.
(4) The isolation space is free of objects that unreasonably expose the student or others to harm.
(g) Time‑Out. – Nothing in this section is intended to prohibit or regulate the use of time‑out as defined in this section.
(h) Aversive Procedures. – The use of aversive procedures as defined in this section is prohibited in public schools.
(i) Nothing in this section modifies the rights of school personnel to use reasonable force as permitted under G.S. 115C‑390 or modifies the rules and procedures governing discipline under G.S. 115C‑391(a).
(j) Notice, Reporting, and Documentation.
(1) Notice of procedures. – Each local board of education shall provide copies of this section and all local board policies developed to implement this section to school personnel and parents or guardians at the beginning of each school year.
(2) Notice of specified incidents:
a. School personnel shall promptly notify the principal or principal's designee of:
1. Any use of aversive procedures.
2. Any prohibited use of mechanical restraint.
3. Any use of physical restraint resulting in observable physical injury to a student.
4. Any prohibited use of seclusion or seclusion that exceeds 10 minutes or the amount of time specified on a student's behavior intervention plan.
b. When a principal or principal's designee has personal knowledge or actual notice of any of the events described in this subdivision, the principal or principal's designee shall promptly notify the student's parent or guardian and will provide the name of a school employee the parent or guardian can contact regarding the incident.
(3) As used in subdivision (2) of this subsection, "promptly notify" means by the end of the workday during which the incident occurred when reasonably possible, but in no event later than the end of following workday.
(4) The parent or guardian of the student shall be provided with a written incident report for any incident reported under this section within a reasonable period of time, but in no event later than 30 days after the incident. The written incident report shall include:
a. The date, time of day, location, duration, and description of the incident and interventions.
b. The events or events that led up to the incident.
c. The nature and extent of any injury to the student.
d. The name of a school employee the parent or guardian can contact regarding the incident.
(5) No local board of education or employee of a local board of education shall discharge, threaten, or otherwise retaliate against another employee of the board regarding that employee's compensation, terms, conditions, location, or privileges of employment because the employee makes a report alleging a prohibited use of physical restraint, mechanical restraint, aversive procedure, or seclusion, unless the employee knew or should have known that the report was false.
(k) Nothing in this section shall be construed to create a private cause of action against any local board of education, its agents or employees, or any institutions of teacher education or their agents or employees or to create a criminal offense."
SECTION 3. G.S. 115C‑296 reads as rewritten:
"§ 115C‑296. Board sets certification requirements.
(b) It is the policy of the State of North Carolina to maintain the highest quality teacher education programs and school administrator programs in order to enhance the competence of professional personnel certified in North Carolina. To the end that teacher preparation programs are upgraded to reflect a more rigorous course of study, the State Board of Education, as lead agency in coordination and cooperation with the University Board of Governors, the Board of Community Colleges and such other public and private agencies as are necessary, shall continue to refine the several certification requirements, standards for approval of institutions of teacher education, standards for institution‑based innovative and experimental programs, standards for implementing consortium‑based teacher education, and standards for improved efficiencies in the administration of the approved programs. The certification program shall provide for initial certification after completion of preservice training, continuing certification after three years of teaching experience, and certificate renewal every five years thereafter, until the retirement of the teacher. The last certificate renewal received prior to retirement shall remain in effect for five years after retirement.
The State Board of Education, as lead agency in coordination with the Board of Governors of The University of North Carolina and any other public and private agencies as necessary, shall continue to raise standards for entry into teacher education programs.
The State Board of Education, in consultation with the Board of Governors of The University of North Carolina, shall evaluate and develop enhanced requirements for continuing certification. The new requirements shall reflect more rigorous standards for continuing certification and to the extent possible shall be aligned with quality professional development programs that reflect State priorities for improving student achievement.
The State Board of Education, in consultation with local boards of education and the Board of Governors of The University of North Carolina, shall reevaluate and enhance the requirements for renewal of teacher certificates. The State Board shall consider modifications in the certificate renewal achievement and to make it a mechanism for teachers to renew continually their knowledge and professional skills. The State Board shall adopt new standards for the renewal of teacher certificates by May 15, 1998.
The standards for approval of
institutions of teacher education shall require that teacher education programs
for all students
who do not major in special education include
demonstrated competencies in (i) the identification and education of
children with learning disabilities.disabilities and (ii) positive
management of student behavior and effective communication techniques for
defusing and deescalating disruptive or dangerous behavior. The State Board
of Education shall incorporate the criteria developed in accordance with
G.S. 116‑74.21 for assessing proposals under the School Administrator
Training Program into its school administrator program approval standards.
All North Carolina institutions of higher education that offer teacher education programs, masters degree programs in education, or masters degree programs in school administration shall provide performance reports to the State Board of Education. The performance reports shall follow a common format, shall be submitted according to a plan developed by the State Board, and shall include the information required under the plan developed by the State Board.
(c) It is the policy of the State of North Carolina to encourage lateral entry into the profession of teaching by skilled individuals from the private sector. To this end, before the 1985‑86 school year begins, the State Board of Education shall develop criteria and procedures to accomplish the employment of such individuals as classroom teachers. Beginning with the 2006‑2007 school year, the criteria and procedures shall include preservice training in (i) the identification and education of children with disabilities and (ii) positive management of student behavior, effective communication for defusing and deescalating disruptive or dangerous behavior, and safe and appropriate use of seclusion and restraint. Regardless of credentials or competence, no one shall begin teaching above the middle level of differentiation. Skilled individuals who choose to enter the profession of teaching laterally may be granted a provisional teaching certificate for no more than five years and shall be required to obtain certification before contracting for a sixth year of service with any local administrative unit in this State.
It is further the policy of the State of North Carolina to ensure that local boards of education can provide the strongest possible leadership for schools based upon the identified and changing needs of individual schools. To this end, before the 1994‑95 school year begins, the State Board of Education shall carefully consider a lateral entry program for school administrators to ensure that local boards of education will have sufficient flexibility to attract able candidates.
SECTION 4. G.S. 115C‑105.47(b)(9) reads as rewritten:
"(b) Each plan shall include each of the following components:
(9) Professional development clearly matched to the goals and objectives of the plan. This professional development shall include a component to train appropriate school personnel in the management of disruptive or dangerous student behavior. Appropriate school personnel may include, but is not limited to, teachers, teacher assistants, school administrators, bus drivers, school resource officers, school psychologists, and school counselors. The training shall include instruction in positive management of student behavior, effective communication for defusing and deescalating disruptive or dangerous behavior, and safe and appropriate use of seclusion and restraint. The appropriate personnel with priority for the training shall include those staff members who are most likely to be called upon to prevent or address disruptive or dangerous student behavior. Each local board of education shall include in this component of its safe school plan procedures to evaluate the effectiveness of this training in preventing or addressing disruptive or dangerous student behavior. Local boards of education are encouraged to use available sources of discretionary revenue to implement the plan to train personnel in the management of disruptive or dangerous student behavior. Local boards may only be required to implement the behavior management training component of the plan to the extent that funds have been appropriated for this purpose by the General Assembly or by local units of government. By January 1, 2006, local boards of education shall amend their safe school plans to include this training component."
SECTION 5. G.S. 115C‑47 is amended by adding a new subdivision to read:
"§ 115C‑47. Powers and duties generally.
In addition to the powers and duties designated in G.S. 115C‑36, local boards of education shall have the power or duty:
(45) To Report Certain Incidents of Seclusion and Restraint. – Local boards of education shall maintain a record of incidents reported under G.S. 115C‑391.1(j)(4) and shall provide this information annually to the State Board of Education."
SECTION 6. G.S. 143‑138(b) reads as rewritten:
"(b) Contents of the Code. – The North Carolina State Building Code, as adopted by the Building Code Council, may include reasonable and suitable classifications of buildings and structures, both as to use and occupancy; general building restrictions as to location, height, and floor areas; rules for the lighting and ventilation of buildings and structures; requirements concerning means of egress from buildings and structures; requirements concerning means of ingress in buildings and structures; rules governing construction and precautions to be taken during construction; rules as to permissible materials, loads, and stresses; rules governing chimneys, heating appliances, elevators, and other facilities connected with the buildings and structures; rules governing plumbing, heating, air conditioning for the purpose of comfort cooling by the lowering of temperature, and electrical systems; and such other reasonable rules pertaining to the construction of buildings and structures and the installation of particular facilities therein as may be found reasonably necessary for the protection of the occupants of the building or structure, its neighbors, and members of the public at large.
In addition, the Code may regulate activities and conditions in buildings, structures, and premises that pose dangers of fire, explosion, or related hazards. Such fire prevention code provisions shall be considered the minimum standards necessary to preserve and protect public health and safety, subject to approval by the Council of more stringent provisions proposed by a municipality or county as provided in G.S. 143‑138(e). These provisions may include regulations requiring the installation of either battery‑operated or electrical smoke detectors in every dwelling unit used as rental property, regardless of the date of construction of the rental property. For dwelling units used as rental property constructed prior to 1975, smoke detectors shall have an Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc., listing or other equivalent national testing laboratory approval, and shall be installed in accordance with either the standard of the National Fire Protection Association or the minimum protection designated in the manufacturer's instructions, which the property owner shall retain or provide as proof of compliance.
The Code may contain provisions regulating every type of building or structure, wherever it might be situated in the State.
Provided further, that nothing in this Article shall be construed to make any building rules applicable to farm buildings located outside the building‑rules jurisdiction of any municipality.
Provided further, that no building permit shall be required under the Code or any local variance thereof approved under subsection (e) for any construction, installation, repair, replacement, or alteration costing five thousand dollars ($5,000) or less in any single family residence or farm building unless the work involves: the addition, repair, or replacement of load bearing structures; the addition (excluding replacement of same size and capacity) or change in the design of plumbing; the addition, replacement or change in the design of heating, air conditioning, or electrical wiring, devices, appliances, or equipment, the use of materials not permitted by the North Carolina Uniform Residential Building Code; or the addition (excluding replacement of like grade of fire resistance) of roofing.
Provided further, that no building permit shall be required under such Code from any State agency for the construction of any building or structure, the total cost of which is less than twenty thousand dollars ($20,000), except public or institutional buildings.
For the information of users thereof, the Code shall include as appendices
(1) Any rules governing boilers adopted by the Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessels Rules,
(2) Any rules relating to the safe operation of elevators adopted by the Commissioner of Labor, and
(3) Any rules relating to sanitation adopted by the Commission for Health Services which the Building Code Council believes pertinent.
In addition, the Code may include references to such other rules of special types, such as those of the Medical Care Commission and the Department of Public Instruction as may be useful to persons using the Code. No rule issued by any agency other than the Building Code Council shall be construed as a part of the Code, nor supersede that Code, it being intended that they be presented with the Code for information only.
Nothing in this Article shall extend to or be construed as being applicable to the regulation of the design, construction, location, installation, or operation of (1) equipment for storing, handling, transporting, and utilizing liquefied petroleum gases for fuel purposes or anhydrous ammonia or other liquid fertilizers, except for liquefied petroleum gas from the outlet of the first stage pressure regulator to and including each liquefied petroleum gas utilization device within a building or structure covered by the Code, or (2) equipment or facilities, other than buildings, of a public utility, as defined in G.S. 62‑3, or an electric or telephone membership corporation, including without limitation poles, towers, and other structures supporting electric or communication lines.
In addition, the Code may contain rules concerning minimum efficiency requirements for replacement water heaters, which shall consider reasonable availability from manufacturers to meet installation space requirements.
No State, county, or local building code or regulation shall prohibit the use of special locking mechanisms for seclusion rooms in the public schools approved under G.S. 115C‑391.1(e)(1)e., provided that the special locking mechanism shall be constructed so that it will engage only when a key, knob, handle, button, or other similar device is being held in position by a person, and provided further that, if the mechanism is electrically or electronically controlled, it automatically disengages when the building's fire alarm is activated. Upon release of the locking mechanism by a supervising adult, the door must be able to be opened readily."
SECTION 7. Except as otherwise provided, this act becomes effective July 1, 2006.
In the General Assembly read three times and ratified this the 14th day of July, 2005.
s/ Beverly E. Perdue
President of the Senate
s/ James B. Black
Speaker of the House of Representatives
s/ Michael F. Easley
Approved 1:51 p.m. this 20th day of July, 2005مریم وفایی
مطالب
فیلتر های جستجو: فیلتری انتخاب نشده است.
نمایش ۱ تا ۲۰ مورد از کل ۲۵ مورد.
منبع: مدیریت مدرسه دوره نهم زمستان ۱۴۰۰ شماره ۴ 132 - 108
هدف این پژوهش طراحی الگویی برای مدرسه پایدار در جمهوری اسلامی ایران بود. روش تحقیق کیفی چند روشی شامل: روش فراترکیبی و مطالعه موردی بود. منابع گردآوری داده ها، کلیه تحقیقات مربوط به مدرسه پایدار برای دوره زمانی 1384 تا 139 بوده است. این پژوهش ها به روش نمونه گیری موردی از شدت با دقت نمونه گیری هدف انتخاب شده اند. در این بخش از تحلیل کیفی برای جمع آوری داده ها استفاده شده است. یافته های این بخش از مدل مدرسه پایدار را کرد. در مطالعه موردی، شرکت کنندگان بالقوه مورد مصاحبه، بومیان با تجربه بودند و اسناد بالادستی ایران و اظهارات رهبرانقلاب مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. اطلاعات کلیدی مورد مصاحبه با روش نمونه گیری هدفمند استاندارد انتخاب شدند. روش گردآوری داده ها در این بخش، مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته با خبرچینان کلیدی و اسناد کاوی بود. یافته های این پژوهش مدل مدرسه پایدار در جمهوری اسلامی ایران بود که شامل ورودی ها (معلم و کادر اجرایی، برنامه درسی، فضا و تجهیزات و خط
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to these really existing entities. We would, according to Auriol, be intellectually blind to extra-mental reality. On the other hand, we could certainly have intellectual acquaintance with extra-mental objects, if our concepts were particular things in the extra-mental world as they exist extra-mentally — a final position Auriol criticizes — but we would be unable to have necessary, scientific knowledge, Auriol's third explanatory requirement. In fact, we would be unable to make universal judgments of any kind, since there would be nothing universal about our knowledge; instead of knowing that all mules are sterile, we would know only that this mule is sterile and that that mule is sterile.
Having considered all these views and found them wanting, Auriol offers his own alternative: the only way to explain at once essential predication, intellectual acquaintance with extra-mental objects, and necessary, scientific knowledge is to maintain that concepts are extra-mental particulars, but having a different type of existence (modus essendi) from the real existence they have extra-mentally. This special type of existence Auriol terms esse apparens, apparent being, but he uses many synonyms for it, including “intentional” or “objective” existence. (For other synonyms, see Tachau 1988, p. 90.) What characterizes this type of existence is that it is a particular extra-mental object, e.g., Socrates, but indistinguishably mixed together (indistinguibiliter immiscetur) with passive conception, i.e. the formation of a concept of Socrates. A concept of Socrates is Socrates as conceived.
For Auriol, Socrates and a concept grasping Socrates, then, are the same thing with differing types of existence. That they are “the same thing” Auriol means quite literally. He says that “a thing and its intention do not differ numerically with respect to anything absolute”; they are the same thing strictly speaking. What thing and intention differ by is a respect or a relation. And this is no ordinary respect “fixed to or superimposed upon that thing, as are other relations, rather it is utterly intrinsic and indistinguishably joined to it.” This intrinsic relation, Auriol tells us, is the appearance of the thing as an object of perception (apparere) to a perceiver (hence the term esse apparens). For Auriol, then, it is intrinsic to each and every thing to have two different types of being: real or extra-mental being on the one hand, and intentional or objective being on the other. Unlike real being, the thing's intentional being needs a perceiver in order to actualize it. This is only to say that it is through the act of conceiving that a thing is put into intentional being.
In fact — and here we return to conceptualism — on the basis of what Auriol has said, we can deduce that every particular thing, e.g. Socrates, has several potential intentional existences: one for each of Socrates' rationes, those basic units of intellectual acquaintance that direct the mind to form certain concepts of him. And, according to Auriol, all of these different concepts of Socrates are Socrates. On Auriol's account, this makes good sense: rationes are quidditative or essential aspects without which a particular thing would not be the particular thing that it in fact is. Thus, Socrates is not Socrates without being a rational animal, i.e. without having the rationes sensitivity and rationality. Socrates is every bit as much a human being as he is Socrates, and on Auriol's theory the concept ‘human being’ is every bit as much Socrates as is the concept ‘Socrates’. Thus upon intellectual acquaintance, Socrates (and in particular his ratio of rationality) directs us to form the concept ‘human being’, and that concept is Socrates, one of Socrates' several potential intentional existences.
In this way Auriol attempts to deal with the problems he saw in other theories of concepts. On the one hand, he attempts to get our knowledge grounded as firmly as possible on extra-mental things: a concept simply is the intellected extra-mental particular in a different type of being from that which it has extra-mentally, a type of being that is nevertheless intrinsic to the extra-mental particular; the concept offers no barrier whatsoever between conceiving mind and conceived object. At the same time, however, Auriol wants to preserve the universality of universal concepts and their use in essential predications and necessary, scientific knowledge, and he thinks that his theory of concepts does just that. Because rationes of the same kind found in different individuals are “maximally similar,” they all direct the mind to form the same concept. Thus the concept ‘human being’ arising from Socrates is the same as the concept ‘human being’ arising from Plato, since they are both based on the maximally similar ratio of rationality. Auriol is clear that a universal concept is all of its particulars, rose is all particular roses, animal is all particular animals. That is to say, animal is the concept and every really existing animal at the same time.
Sensory Cognition (Wood 1982, pp. 214–17, 220–23; Tachau 1988, pp. 89–100; Denery 1998, pp. 28–39): The intellect is not the only cognitive faculty that functions by putting the cognized thing into esse apparens: the sensitive faculties also work in this way according to Auriol. In fact, Auriol uses sensory cognition, and his claim that the senses form esse apparens, as further proof that the intellect does so as well. In a famous passage in Auriol's works (Scriptum, d. 3, q. 3, a.1, ed. Buytaert, vol. 2, pp. 696–99), one that was known to and criticized by William Ockham, Auriol creates an account of sensory cognition that takes its point of departure in a group of “experiences” that Auriol thinks prove that the senses cognize by actively placing the object sensed in esse apparens. Thus, if someone were on a ship moving down a river, it would appear to that person that the trees on the shore were moving; when a baton is twirled extremely rapidly, it appears to the viewer that a colored circle hovers in the air; a stick placed halfway into a bucket of water appears to be broken; if I press on my eye while looking at a candle, it will appear that I see two candles; upon looking directly at the sun, an afterimage appears. Auriol gives eight experiences like these, but for him all of them lead to the same conclusion: that in each of these cases, what appears to us (i.e. our erroneous perception) does not correspond directly to reality but is a result of the senses' putting the object into esse apparens. Take the case of the twirling baton: what is the circle that appears in the air? It can't be anything real existing in the baton itself, since the baton is straight. Nor, clearly, is the circle something real hovering in the air. Finally, the circle is not something in vision or in the eye, since we are seeing the circle and not our vision of it, and also since the circle appears to be in the air. For Auriol, the only possible explanation for the circle is that it appears to us because our sense of sight has actively put the baton into esse apparens. More generally, what we see in these cases is “only the appearance of the thing or the thing in esse apparens.” Sensory error, for Auriol, is explained by appealing to the fundamental activity of the senses. And Auriol insists that the senses are just as active in cases where they function correctly; this is because, since activity is a noble trait to have, if in erroneous visions our sense of sight actively places the thing seen in esse apparens, it will certainly do so in veridical visions. The difference between a veridical sensory experience and an erroneous one is that in a veridical one the way the object of cognition appears and the way it is in extra-mental reality coincide. So in veridical sensory experience we have no way to tell that the senses are placing the thing into esse apparens. Thus, these experiences of sensory error are of immense importance, since it is only through them that we can discern the necessary role that esse apparens and the activity of the senses play in all sensory cognition.
For Auriol, then, the senses necessarily put the cognized object into esse apparens or intentional being; this is a condition of our perceiving. Moreover, Auriol makes clear in this context that this esse apparens is not a representation of the thing with its own real being; rather it is the thing itself merely placed in another type of existence. The esse apparens of a sensed object is merely that object as sensed. (See on this particularly Denery 1998, pp. 34–39.) Obviously, this corresponds to the theory we have already seen Auriol holds concerning esse apparens in intellectual cognition, and Auriol makes the correspondence explicit. To go from sensory perception to intellectual perception, Auriol uses a common scholastic principle called by Philotheus Boehner “The Principle of Hierarchy” (Boehner 1949, p. 298): given two faculties, one lower and one higher (like sense and intellect), if the lower faculty can do something noble, then the higher faculty can certainly do the same. The activity of the senses, then, i.e. the fact that the senses put the object into esse apparens, since it is noble, shows that the intellect also puts its object into esse apparens. (Auriol's theory of sensory perception is complicated by the fact that Auriol seems to claim that some of the illusory sensory experiences he mentions exist outside the mind, e.g., that the colored circle is “in” the air and not “in” the mind. For approaches to this complication, see Pasnau 1997, pp. 69–76; Denery 1998, pp. 36–37).
Three general claims can be made on the basis of this examination of Auriol's ideas on cognition and reality. First, Auriol is a conceptualist, holding that universals are nothing more than concepts formed by the mind, although these universal concepts do have a direct basis in the particular thing cognized (the rationes). Second, a principle underlying Auriol's theory of cognition is that cognitive faculties are fundamentally active. All cognition takes place because a cognitive faculty places the object of cognition into esse apparens, which is merely the object of cognition in a different type of being than it has extra-mentally, the being of being perceived. Thus, Auriol is part of one pronounced strain of medieval thought (deriving from Augustine and ultimately from Plato) that rejects that the soul and its powers are passively affected by extra-mental objects. (See on this Tachau 1988, Friedman 2000.) Cognitive powers are, for Auriol, active. A third point, and one that has been noted in a great deal of the secondary literature (e.g., Tachau 1988; Denery 1998; Bolyard 2000; Friedman 2000) is that by appealing to erroneous visions to show that both sense and intellect produce esse apparens or make things appear, Auriol has given error a central place in his account of cognition. To put this in another way, Auriol does not have a real problem explaining how we can have erroneous perception and intellection (in contrast to many theories of knowledge); rather he needs to explain how we can have veridical ones and just as importantly how we can know when we are having veridical ones. This is roughly one of the functions that the distinction between intuitive and abstractive cognition served for some medieval authors (in e.g., John Duns Scotus and William Ockham), although as we will see, Auriol does not use it in this way. Indeed it seems best to describe Auriol as a “reliabilist,” holding as a type of axiomatic principle that under normal circumstances our God-given cognitive faculties represent the world in an adequate manner. (See Bolyard 2000, p. 175; that Auriol is not the only medieval thinker with this reliabilist attitude, see e.g., Stump 1998, pp. 306–07.) No matter what Auriol thought, however, the skeptical implications of Auriol's theory of esse apparens did worry many of his medieval readers, and the theory elicited a critical response because some thought that it posed too sharp a break between cognition and reality. (For examples, see Wood 1982, Tachau 1988.)
John Duns Scotus, who introduced the distinction between intuitive and abstractive cognition, took the view that intuitive and abstractive cognition were distinct because they had different objects. Thus, for Scotus, we have an abstractive cognition of an object when it is not directly present to us, on account of there being some intervening representation; an intuitive cognition can only come about when the object of cognition is existing and directly present to us. For Scotus, then, intuitive cognition carries along with it the guarantee that the object of cognition exists; not so for abstractive cognition. (See Tachau 1988, esp. pp. 68–81; Dumont 1989.) It is well known that William Ockham took exception to this view, holding that we can, in certain extraordinary (i.e. supernatural) cases, have intuitive cognition of non-existent objects. Auriol too objects to Scotus' view.
For Auriol, in contrast to Scotus, intuitive cognition is possible whether the object of cognition is present or absent. Likewise, an abstractive cognition of an object that is actually present is possible. The distinction between intuitive and abstractive cognition does not depend on the object at all; the very same object can be cognized in both an intuitive and an abstractive way. According to Auriol, whether we are having the one type of cognition or the other depends exclusively on the characteristics of the cognition that we are having, how the object appears to us. Auriol says explicitly that intuitive and abstractive cognition are in fact simply the two fundamentally different ways that the esse apparens created by the cognitive faculties can appear to us: “abstractive and intuitive cognition differ … for there are two modes of formal appearance … by which things appear objectively” (trans. Pasnau 2002, p. 201, n. 111). In order to illustrate this, Auriol claims that ocular cognition, i.e. the sense of sight, is fully intuitive, while imaginary cognition, i.e. cognizing something through the internal faculty of the imagination, is fully abstractive. This is the governing metaphor in Auriol's attempt to distinguish the two types of cognition: sight is intuitive, imagination is abstractive. Thus, describing sensory cognition, Auriol gives four traits that together enable us to determine whether any particular cognition is intuitive or abstractive. First, an intuitive cognition is characterized by being immediate or direct, as when we see an object before us. Not so abstractive or imaginary cognition; it is mediate, requiring some type of discursive process. Auriol gives the following example: an astronomer sitting in his room can predict an eclipse through calculation, and he can even imagine it on that basis, but this is something entirely different from seeing the eclipse directly. A second characteristic of ocular or intuitive cognition is the presentness of the object. The object of an intuitive cognition seems to be present (whether it actually is or not), whereas the object of an abstractive cognition does not have this appearance of presence. Take the astronomer again. He can imagine the eclipse, but in the very act of doing so he knows that the eclipse is not present before him. The third and fourth characteristics that Auriol mentions are roughly equivalent: an intuitive cognition carries with it the actualization and existence of its object; not so an imaginary, abstractive cognition. The astronomer can imagine an eclipse, and even imagine an eclipse taking place right now, but again, the very fact that he is imagining the eclipse bears with it the recognition that it is not in fact actualized and existing. Auriol sums up:
Therefore, it is rightly said that an intuitive cognition is a direct cognition as opposed to a discursive one, that it is present as opposed to the absent mode in which the imagination reaches even toward things that are present, and that it actualizes the object and posits its existence, since it makes the object's real existence and actual position appear, even if the object does not exist. And in contrast it is clear that an imaginary cognition lacks and abstracts from these four conditions. It extends to its object neither directly nor presently, nor by actualizing or positing existence, even if one imagines the object to exist and be actual and even if it is present. (trans. Pasnau 2002, pp. 206–07, n. 109).
(The most complete discussion of Auriol on intuitive and abstractive cognition is Boehner 1949; for the background and reception of Auriol's view, see particularly Tachau 1988; for a translation into English of Auriol's major text on intuitive and abstractive cognition, his Scriptum, Prologue (aka Prooemium), q. 2, see Pasnau 2002, pp. 178–218.)
Thus, what is central to Auriol's distinction between intuitive and abstractive cognition is the character of the cognition as it appears to us. The distinction between them is phenomenologically determined. As mentioned above, in this way Auriol rejected Scotus' view that intuitive cognitions are only of objects present and existing. Auriol's rejection of Scotus' distinction between intuitive and abstractive cognition takes as one of its starting points several “experiences” that recall the experiences he employed to show that the senses put the object of sensitive cognition into esse apparens. For example, upon looking directly at the sun or any other luminous object, an afterimage appears; thus a vision of the sun remains in the eye even when the object itself is absent. In dreams, we can experience sights, sounds, and tactile sensations, in the real absence of the objects of sensation. Persons who are deceived by illusions often see things that are not really there. In all of these sensations the object appears to be actually present and existing, when it is not. Auriol concludes that we can have an intuitive sensory cognition of non-existent objects.
That was the characterization of intuitive sensory cognition as opposed to abstractive cognition. What about intellectual cognition? Auriol makes clear that the human intellect can have intuitive cognition. To show this he first appeals to the Principle of Hierarchy mentioned above: because the lower faculties, the senses, can have intuitive cognition, therefore it is certain that the higher faculty
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的文件，如.profile； ？，匹配任意单字符； []，匹配括号内任意字符，也可以指定其范围。但[A-Z]*并不和正则表达式中的本式等同，这点需要注意。 仍需补充的是，shell在处理含通配符或者多个项的命令时，一般先将目标目录下的文件名按字典顺序排序，然后逐一查找，因此输出的最终结果也是按字典序排序的。
2 UNIX文件系统命令
2.1 查看目录信息ls
ls
ls即list，列出当前目录的内容，同一个目录下即可能有文件，也可能有子目录，然而当单独使用ls时并不能对此类信息作出区分。 ls有很多选项，且大多数都经常会用到，因此掌握ls是UNIX系统管理员的基本功之一。下面列出一些非常实用的ls选项： -a，列出所有本目录下文件，并包括所有文件名以.起始的文件。在UNIX中此类文件即是隐藏的，也就是说在不带-a的情况下ls无法查看这些隐藏文件。常见的隐藏文件如.profile、.bashrc等都是默认于用户主目录下，存储了该用户的自配置信息。 -l，以长格式显示UNIX的文件类型、权限、硬连接数（hard links，后文介绍）、拥有者、拥有者所属组、大小、最后一次修改时间以及文件名等等。 -F，在文件的尾部添加特殊字符以代表其文件类型，例如*表示可执行文件，/表示目录。 -R，同时列出所有的子目录信息。 -d，列出目录内容的同时显示符号连接或目录的信息，包括了连接的目标并列出目录的内容。 -I，列出所有文件的i-node号。 现在我们给出执行ls –la命令后的结果示例： -rw——- 1 gambill cls 10868 Jan 14 08:44 vm_mail drwxr-xr-x 2 gambill stdt 96 Jun 13 1999 wvannot 给出信息的第一列记录了文件类型和相关权限。其第一位字符通常表示文件类型，当文件类型为-时表示文本文件、可执行文件或硬连接文件；d表示目录；另外还有一些其它的文件类型标识，例如b块设备文件、l符号连接文件等等。 第一列剩余的9位字符记录了该文件的许可权限，其中每三位分别记录r读、w写和x可执行三类权限，并相应于文件所有者、该文件所属的组、以及其他任何人的权限。第三列是指当前文件的连接数，gambill是文件的所有者、其后即gambill所在的组。然后是文件的大小（以bytes为单位）、最后一次修改时间以及其文件名。
2.2 文件复制cp
cp option file1 file2
cp命令首先创建file2，然后将file1的数据拷贝至file2中。如果file2已存在，则覆盖源文件。选项i即当目标文件已存在时首先提示用户是否覆盖源文件，选项r支持拷贝目录及其全部内容至目标目录。
2.3 文件转移mv
mv option file1 file2
mv可以将file1移至file2，同时删除原有file1文件。mv一个常用场合是在修改文件名的时候。使用选项i可在当file2已存在时询问用户是否覆盖源文件。
2.4 文件删除rm
rm option files
rm命令删除files中列出的所有文件。选项i依然是在删除前询问用户是否删除该文件，选项r删除一个目录下的文件，并且删除其子目录下的所有文件，还有一个常用选项f即强制删除该文件且不用提示用户是否确认。 当用户确认要删除一个目录时，最好的办法是使用rm –rf来实现。 前面提到UNIX的文件名除字符slash外均可使用，假设pwd下某文件名为-i，那么按原方法应执行rm –i，鉴于i是rm的选项之一，因此这条command显然无法满足要求。因此大部分时间我们习惯将路径用.标识符标识：
rm ./-i
以上操作是没有任何问题的，但当我们使用grep搜索字符串-regulation时类似问题再次出现，且无法利用上述办法解决。为此UNIX的大部分命令约定–为选项域结束标志，那么这之后的-XXX就不会再被列入选项列表了，例如：
rm – -i
2.5 文件查找find
find的功能是在类UNIX平台上通过目录查找目标文件，它可以根据指定的目录信息，以及用户定制的规则（Criteria，plurality for Criterion）查找相对应的文件。不仅如此，find还允许用户定制对目标文件进行操作。
find verl.d ver2.d -name ‘*.c’ -print
以上是一个find应用示例，其选项含义如下： -name，文件名的匹配，允许使用文件名通配符 *、?和[ ]，文件名通配符描述串传递到find程序中，因此，应当用引号括起来，以免被shell展开。 -type，类型，其中f：普通文件，d：目录，l：符号连接文件，c：字符设备文件，b：块设备文件，p：管道文件，如：-type d。 -size，±n[c]，文件大小，正号表示大于，负号表示小于，无符号表示等于，其他与数量有关的选项，也采用这样的方式。 -size +100 表示长度大于100块； -size -100 长度小于100块； -size +100000c 表示长度大于100000字节； -size -100000c 表示长度小于100000字节； “操作”选项一般有以下几种常用内容： -print，打印查找到的符合条件的文件的路径名。 -exec，-ok，对查找到的符合条件的文件执行某个命令。
2.6 当前工作目录pwd
pwd即print working directory。如果要选择进入不同目录，需要使用cd dname。
2.7 创建目录mkdir
mkdir dname
在当前目录下创建新目录dname，相应还有一种删除目录rmdir，但由于rmdir只能够删除内容仅含..的目录，因此实际用途并不如rm -rf广泛。
2.8 打包压缩工具tar和compress
tar我们在连载三已有详细介绍，读者可前往查看： http://www.hanyi.name/blog/?p=161 compress是早期UNIX的文件压缩工具，其相应的解压程序为uncompress，但随着gnuzip等更强大软件的出现此类工具已逐渐被淘汰，事实上近年来的发行版中均未附带compress工具。
下一章我们将讨论UNIX文件系统的有关内容。介绍
主动防御是一种防止对手攻击的方法。在本文中，我们将讨论可以强制执行的各种主动防御和对策，以防止对手对Web 服务器和 Web 应用程序进行攻击。这些对策将包括您可以用来保护您的 Web 服务器免受 Internet 上对手攻击的工具。
概述
主动防御是从安全防御中借用的术语。它是指为取得优于对手的优势而采取的行动和步骤。在寻求主动防御时，我们会寻找混淆对手甚至浪费他们时间的方法，以便我们有足够的时间正确配置我们的防御并挫败对手。
以下是一些可以采取的对策：
- 配置蜜罐以浪费对手的时间
- 安装一个警报系统，可以提醒您注意攻击
- 配置防火墙以检测和阻止攻击
上述对策的意图可以是达到以下目的：
- 浪费对手的时间
- 捕获攻击以防止进一步妥协
- 通知安全团队有关攻击的信息
- 协助发现攻击源
如果正确执行主动防御，那么它将能够挫败攻击者的竞选计划。请记住，黑客攻击过程从侦察开始，攻击者试图收集尽可能多的目标信息。当我们在这个阶段限制黑客的成功时，他们最有可能放弃。
让我们考虑一些在执行主动防御时可以派上用场的资源。
用于 Web 服务器安全的蜜罐
蜜罐可以配置为在 Web 服务器上作为虚假服务工作。目的是欺骗攻击者，甚至警告安全人员有关即将到来的攻击。
以下是一些可以配置为蜜罐的工具：
- OpenCanary：此解决方案运行多个 Canary 版本服务的守护进程，这些服务将报告这些服务何时被连接或滥用
- WebTrap：此工具允许安全团队克隆现有的登录网页（门户）并将访问者从真实页面重定向
- HoneyBadger：此工具获取攻击者所在的地理位置，可用于将攻击归因于攻击者
- BeeF：该框架可用于“挂钩”攻击者的 Web 浏览器，目的是发现攻击者在其浏览器上进行的活动
安全团队可以在其 Web 服务器上使用许多蜜罐进行主动防御。可以在此处找到按类别列出的各种蜜罐的列表。
用于 Web 服务器安全的 WebLabyrinth
WebLabyrinth是一种用于创建多个虚假网页的工具，这些网页可以在网络攻击期间将攻击者拒之门外。这些网页旨在延迟 Web 扫描程序，以便安全团队可以检测正在进行的扫描并在访问或扫描任何敏感文件之前阻止它。理论上，你可以安装这个工具来迷惑对手；不幸的是，它在很大程度上已经过时，可能无法很好地与当今的技术配合使用。
用于 Web 服务器安全的 fail2ban
fail2ban是一个入侵检测框架，可用于保护 Web 服务器免受暴力攻击。
考虑您尝试登录以登录 SSH 服务但失败的次数。您很可能收到以下错误：
在上面的错误中，我们可以看到由于几次登录尝试，登录尝试不成功。在这种情况下，进行了 942 次登录尝试。如此多的尝试表明存在蛮力攻击的可能性。我们通过安装 fail2ban 来防止此类攻击。
我们将在 Ubuntu 16.04 服务器上安装 fail2ban。安装步骤如下：
- $ apt-get 更新
- $ apt-get install fail2ban -y
- $ sudo 服务 fail2ban 重启
- $ sudo 服务 fail2ban 状态
一旦它开始运行，您应该能够看到“active (running)”。
您可以按照此处概述的步骤配置 fail2ban 。配置完成后，您可以运行fail2ban。
您可以使用如下所示的命令查看fail2ban 的状态。这还将向您显示当前配置的 jails：
如下所示，SSH 只有一个监狱。
我们还可以查看有关配置的 jails 的更多信息。以下是用于探测配置的 jails 的命令。
由于我们还没有任何被阻止的 IP，因此会收到以下输出：
现在让我们尝试登录，但故意失败了几次。在这种情况下，我们进行了五次错误的登录。请参阅下面的登录尝试。
当我们评估fail2ban时，我们可以获得以下信息：
我们可以在上面看到，在多次登录尝试失败后，fail2ban 阻止了一个 IP 地址。
将禁止的 IP 地址列入白名单很简单。您只需要发布监狱名称和禁止的 IP：
加入白名单后，上述 IP 将被解除封禁。我们再次检查服务器状态并遇到以下情况：
从上面的截图中，我们可以看到有 6 次失败的登录尝试和 1 个被禁止的 IP。
使用 fail2ban 进行主动响应
fail2ban 可以根据您的意愿和喜好进行配置。该程序简单明了。
首先，您需要创建文件“jail.local”。当您启动fail2ban 时，它会继续加载它。要创建此文件，请使用以下命令：
然后您需要编辑该文件并添加以下内容，或者至少使其看起来相似。
第一行告诉fail2ban 忽略IPv4 和IPv6 上的本地主机。第二行指定禁止时间。这是必须禁止违规 IP 地址的时间（以秒为单位）。在本例中，它是 3600 秒，也就是一小时。
第三行指定了 findtime，它指定了发出错误尝试的时间。在这种情况下，600 秒是五分钟。五分钟后，如果进行无效登录尝试，违规IP将被封锁一小时。
第四行指定了maxretry，即登录尝试的最大重试次数。在这种情况下，在发布禁令之前只允许五次尝试。
最后一行指定监狱。在这种情况下，我们正在监控 SSH。需要注意的是，您可以在您的 Web 服务器上监控各种协议。
结论
主动防御是一项重要的技术，如果实施得当，可以帮助保护您的 Web 基础设施并防止进一步的攻击。
讨论的工具引入了主动防御概念，但我们的探索绝不是详尽无遗的。因此，我们鼓励您尝试识别具有类似功能的任何工具，并确定哪些工具最适合您。我们希望所涵盖的概念有助于保护您的服务器。Sulphur or Sulfur is an element which is known since ancient times. Sulphur sometimes naturally occurs in its elemental form and as such often it is emitted in volcanic eruptions. Sulfur has a complex chemistry and it is essential to life. On the other hand, it has some very toxic and environmentally hazardous compounds. Notable are hydrogen sulfide, which gives rotten eggs their smell and sulfur dioxide and trioxide, which, when dissolved in water, give sulfurous acid and sulfuric acid.The Oxford Encyclopedia of Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology Reference library
An in-depth, up-to-date scholarly reference text for the state of knowledge development in sport, exercise, and performance psychology. The text includes articles that address human performance in sport, performing arts, surgery, firefighting, law enforcement, military operations, and physical activity participation. Topics include an analysis of the factors that influence optimal performance as well as the adoption and maintenance of physical activity for mental and physical health. The breadth of focused scientific peer-reviewed articles provides a reliable source of specialized information to academicians, practitioners, advanced undergraduates and graduate students, and researchers in related fields.
A Dictionary of Psychology (4 ed.) Quick reference
‘Comprehensive, sound, readable
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طور که اشک ملانوسیت ها بر سلول های همسایه خود می گریند.
ما در بحبوحه یک اپیدمی سرطان پوست قرار داریم که پایانی در آن متصور نیست. در حالی که بیشتر سرطان های پوست تهدیدی برای زندگی نیستند، می توانند نیاز به جراحی گسترده داشته باشند و باعث تغییر شکل هایی شوند که نیاز به اصلاح جراحی دارند. با این حال، ملانوم داستان متفاوتی است. خوشبختانه، ایالت شمالی از مجموعه ای درخشان از متخصصان پوست و جراحان ماهر در این هنرها برخوردار است. در حالی که در صورت تشخیص زودهنگام تقریباً ۱۰۰٪ قابل درمان است، اما زمانی که ملانوم به فراتر از پوست و به سایر اندام ها گسترش می یابد، میزان بقای بسیار بدی دارد. هیچ درمان قطعی شناخته شده ای وجود ندارد. (لطفاً آخرین بیانیه را دوباره بخوانید)
تا چند سال گذشته، ما واقعاً در درمان ملانوم پیشرفته وضعیت بهتری نسبت به دکتر هانتر در سال ۱۷۸۷ نداشتیم. عدم پیشرفت تقریباً در ۲۲۵ سال برای من به عنوان یک متخصص پوست شرم آور است. اکنون خط لوله تحقیقاتی پر از درمان هایی است که در راه ما هستند. یک واکسن ملانوم راه را پیش برد و به طور گسترده مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است، اما هنوز به تبلیغات تبلیغاتی عمل نکرده است. یکی از داروهای جدید، سیستم ایمنی را در برابر سلول های ملانوما تبدیل می کند. متأسفانه برای بریتانیایی ها، به تازگی توسط پانل ملی مراقبت های بهداشتی انگلیس رد شده است زیرا برای جامعه آنها مقرون به صرفه نیست. این دارو دارای نرخ بقای سه ساله ۲۰٪ است (یا به عبارت دیگر، ۸۰٪ از افراد مبتلا به ملانوم متاستاتیک که آن را مصرف می کنند، در عرض سه سال از بین خواهند رفت). ۱۲۰۰۰۰ دلار به ازای هر بیمار در سال، مطمئناً مشکلات فلسفی و اخلاقی زیادی را ایجاد می کند. خوشبختانه، تعداد انگشت شماری از درمان های جدید امیدوارکننده دیگر در افق وجود دارد. امیدوارم قیمت مناسب تری داشته باشند.
اگر شما یا کسی که می شناسید مبتلا به ملانوم متاستاتیک است، با پزشک خود در مورد ثبت نام در یک مطالعه صحبت کنید. روزهایی که بهطور تصادفی برای دریافت داروی مورد مطالعه انتخاب میشوید یا محکوم به دریافت ناآگاهانه درمان ساختگی پلاسبو میشوید، گذشته است. من چندین بیمار مبتلا به ملانوم پیشرفته دارم که در چند مطالعه تا کنون عملکرد بسیار خوبی داشته اند. همچنین به رنج آنها معنا می بخشد و فرصتی برای مبارزه با آنها می دهد. در حین تهیه این مقاله متوجه شدم که شاید هیچ سلول دیگری در بدن به اندازه ملانوسیت مسئول بدبختی بشر نبوده است. از لحاظ تاریخی، عملکرد ملانوسیتهای شما میتواند شما را به یک زندگی بردهوار محکوم کند، احتمالات رزمی شما را محدود کند، پتانسیلهای اقتصادی شما را محدود کند، یا به سادگی شما را وادار به نوشیدن از یک چشمه آب متفاوت کند.
در پایان، من هر یک از شما را تشویق می کنم که برای معاینه کامل پوست به یک متخصص پوست مراجعه کنید. ممکن است با خود بگویید: “خال های من خوب به نظر می رسند. هیچ چیز تغییر نکرده است”. که من میپرسیدم: “آیا روی آن شرط میبندی؟”Erken çocuklukta işitme cihazı uygulamaları ve ebeveynler
Anahtar Kelimeler:İşitme kaybı, işitme cihazı, ebeveynler, erken çocukluk
Özet
Öz: İşitme kaybına işitme cihazlarıyla müdahaledeki amaç, mümkün olan en erken dönemde ses ve konuşma uyaranına erişimi sağlamaktır. Ancak çocuklarda cihazlandırma, işitme kaybına müdahale için bir başlangıç olarak kabul edilmelidir. İşitme kaybının müdahalesinde kullanılan yardımcı teknolojiler diğer engel türlerinden işitme kaybını ayırmakta, ebeveynlerin müdahale hakkında detaylı bilgilendirmesini zorunlu kılmaktadır. Bu bilgilendirme işitme kaybının doğasını, işitme cihazlarının özelliklerini, kullanım süresini, idamesini ve bakımını kapsamalıdır. İşitme kaybı ve müdahalesine ilişkin yeterli bilgi sağlanmadığında, işitme cihazlarını düzenli kullanılmamakta veya teknik sorunların çözülmesi gecikmektedir. Doğru bir bilgilendirme ebeveynlerin tüm bu zorlukların üstesinden gelmesini sağlayarak, müdahalenin verimliliğini artıracaktır. Bu bağlamda mevcut derlemede çocuklarda işitme cihazı uygulamalarında ebeveynlerin rolleri ve bu rollerin müdahale sürecine getirdiği açılımlar betimlenmiştir. Erken çocukluk döneminde işitme cihazı uygulamalarını ve ebeveynlerin rollerini betimlemeyi amaçlayan derlemede, işitme kaybının müdahale sürecinde ebeveynlerin yaşadıkları sorunlara kavramsal olarak değinilmiş, ebeveynlerin yaşadığı bu sorunları en aza indirebilmek adına yapılacak doğru bir bilgilendirme sürecine yönelik farklı önerilere yer verilmiştir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda yapılanan derleme türü bu çalışmada yazarların erken çocukluk dönemi işitme cihazı uygulamalarına ilişkin klinik deneyimi temelinde alanyazın bilgilerinin sentezi, yorumu ve değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır.Connecticut Question 4 was a legislatively-referred constitutional amendment in Connecticut which was approved on the ballot on November 1970.
- The amendment was meant to amend Section 2 of the third article of the constitution to require the General Assembly to meet each year.
| Connecticut Question 4 (1970)|
| Yes|| 455,483|| 76.45%|
Official results via: Connecticut Secretary of State, "Statement of Vote," accessed August 4, 2013
Text of measure
||Section 2 of article third of the constitution is amended to read as follows: There shall be a regular session of the general assembly on the Wednesday following the first Monday of January in the odd-numbered years and on the Wednesday following the first Monday of February in the even-numbered years, and at such other times as the general assembly shall judge necessary; but the person administering the office of governor may, on special emergencies, convene the general assembly at any other time. All regular and special sessions of the general assembly shall be held at Hartford, but the person administering the office of governor may, in case of special emergency, convene the assembly at any other place in the state. The general assembly shall adjourn each regular session in the odd-numbered years not later than the first Wednesday after the first Monday in June and in the even-numbered years not later than the first Wednesday after the first Monday in May and shall adjourn each special session upon completion of its business. If any bill passed by any regular or special session or any appropriation item described in Section 16 of Article Fourth has been disapproved by the governor prior to its adjournment, and has not been reconsidered by the assembly, or is so disapproved after such adjournment, the secretary of the state shall reconvene the general assembly on the second Monday after the last day on which the governor is authorized to transmit or has transmitted every bill to the secretary with his objections pursuant to Section 15 of Article Fourth of this constitution, whichever occurs first; provided if such Monday falls on a legal holiday the general assembly shall be reconvened on the next following day. The reconvened session shall be for the sole purpose of reconsidering and, if the assembly so desires, repassing such bills. The general assembly shall adjourn sine die not later than three days following its reconvening. In the even year session the general assembly shall consider no business other than budgetary, revenue and financial matters, bills and resolutions raised by committees of the general assembly and those matters certified in writing by the speaker of the house of representatives and president pro tempore of the senate to be of an emergency nature.BBC Radio 4 programına verdiği yeni röportajda Issız Ada Diskleri76 yaşındaki Spielberg, uykulu bir New England sahil kasabasının kendini sahile gidenleri öldüren büyük beyaz bir köpekbalığından kurtarmaya çalıştığı 1975 gişe rekorları kıran filminin astronomik popülaritesinden sonra köpekbalığı popülasyonlarının azalmasından dolayı kendini suçlu hissettiğinden bahsetti. Film çekildiğinde Spielberg sadece 27 yaşındaydı.
Yönetmen, “Kitap ve film yüzünden ölen köpekbalıkları için bugüne kadar gerçekten pişmanlık duyuyorum. Hâlâ korktuğum şeylerden biri de bu.” Bir köpekbalığı tarafından yenilme, ama bu köpek balıkları, 1975’ten sonra meydana gelen çılgın spor balıkçıları saldırısından dolayı bana biraz kızgın.”
Spielberg pişmanlıklarında yalnız değil. Kitabın yazarı Peter Benchley çeneler Dayanıyordu, hayatının geri kalanının çoğunu köpekbalıklarını korumak için kampanya yürüterek geçirdi ve BBC daha önce bildirdi.
Benchley, “Şu anda bildiklerimi bilseydim, bu kitabı bugün asla yazamazdım,” dedi. “Köpekbalıkları insanları hedef almaz ve kesinlikle kin beslemezler.”
Spielberg’in güvencelerine rağmen, uzmanlar filmin köpekbalıklarının varlığı üzerindeki etkisi konusunda karışık. Köpekbalıklarının sayısının azaldığı istatistiksel bir gerçekken (2021) Küresel çalışma Yayınlanan doğa dünyadaki okyanus köpekbalıklarının ve vatozlarının sayısının %71 oranında azaldığını tespit etti. Bazı uzmanlar bunun kitaptan ya da filmden kaynaklanmadığını söylüyor. Shark Trust’ın CEO’su Paul Cox, suçlamak için dedi çeneler “filme çok değer veriyor”.
“Köpekbalığı popülasyonundaki azalmanın balıkçılığın aşırı avlanmasından kaynaklandığı çok açık” diye açıkladı. bekçi adı geçen.
“Sert kahve fanatiği. Profesyonel pastırma müjdecisi. Hevesli kaşif. Webaholic. Seyahat aşığı. Zombi meraklısı.”صافی نیوز: 23 مرداد سال جاری میرعلیاشرف پوریحسینی، رئیس مستعفی سازمان خصوصیسازی کشور با دستور قضایی بازداشت شد. وی از سال ۱۳۸۳ تا ۱۳۸۴ و همچنین از مهر ۱۳۹۲ تا مرداد سال جاری و درمجموع حدود هفتسال ریاست یکی از جنجالیترین و پرسروصداترین نهادهای دولتی یعنی سازمان خصوصیسازی را برعهده داشت.L'ex Lazio Mendieta: "Mi piacerebbe recitare in Stranger Things"
In un'intervista riportata da Calciomercato.com, l'ex giocatore della Lazio Gaizka Mendieta, insieme ad altri ex calciatori, è stato interpellato in merito a una possibile futura partecipazione a un cameo, una specie di comparsa in un film. Lo spagnolo ha dichiarato: "Fare un cameo? Domanda difficile. Mi piacerebbe apparire in molte serie tv o film. Una di questa è Stranger Things sicuramente. Farei qualsiasi parte, anche quella del mostro".
Pubblicato il 4/04 alle 18:35With Russian troops taking over the Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant in Enerhodar, Ukraine, following fierce fighting with Ukrainian forces early Friday, concerns intensified as the largest nuclear power plant in Europe comes under Putin’s control.
Although international nuclear watchdogs have confirmed no radiation was released despite heavy firepower around the compound – including a Russian projectile that hit a training facility near one of the nuclear reactors – the volatile situation in Ukraine remains “very challenging,” the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) said in a statement issued March 4.
As the world woke up to news of Russian forces laying siege to the nuclear facility, fears of a Chernobyl-level disaster have emerged. The 1986 Chernobyl nuclear accident has led to many civilian deaths and the displacement of about 350,000 people.
As someone whose research has focused on the deformation and failure mechanisms of nuclear materials, Western engineering professor Hamid Abdolvand said while an attack on a nuclear power facility was highly disturbing, the Zaporizhzhia facility is just “inherently safer” than Chernobyl.
“The Chernobyl accident involved RBMK Russian-made nuclear reactor… but Zaporizhzhia has VVER (water-water energy reactor) nuclear reactors. These reactors run on water, which means that water cools down the reactor and modulates the reactor. They are inherently a lot safer than the Chernobyl nuclear reactor,” Abdolvand said.
Still, Russia’s hold on this nuclear plant can have significant impact on Ukraine’s energy supply, he added.
“About 50 per cent of energy in Ukraine is being generated by nuclear, and this particular power plant that Russia took over provides 20 per cent of energy in Ukraine. That means a significant fraction of energy produced in Ukraine is now controlled by Russia,” said Abdolvand.
A widespread power outage, for example, can result in further difficulties for the already besieged Ukrainian population.
Ukraine has a total of 15 nuclear reactors, six of which are housed in the Zaporizhzhia power plant. The reactors are designed originally by the Soviet Union (now Rosatom, Russia). “The Russians know how to operate the plant, and hopefully they don’t do anything to harm the people,” Abdolvand said, cautioning, “Russia shares a border with Ukraine and radiation release, if it happens in such scale, will also reach Russia.”
The IAEA has reported that the safety systems of all six nuclear reactors at Zaporizhzhia are intact. Radiation monitoring systems at the site are also fully functional, but the situation continues to be a challenge, the agency said.
“I’m extremely concerned about the situation at the Zaporizhzhia NPP and what happened there during (Thursday) night. Firing shells in the area of a nuclear power plant violates the fundamental principle that the physical integrity of nuclear facilities must be maintained and kept safe at all times,” IAEA director general Rafael Mario Grossi said.
Nuclear safety: The facts
Although nuclear energy generation is never going to be risk-free, nuclear energy production facilities around the world are subject to stringent regulations and international safety standards. Nuclear reactors, including the Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant, are protected by multiple safety layers designed to withstand significant impact, according to Abdolvand.
Nuclear power is heavily regulated and safety and security are always built into its design, Abdolvand said. Nuclear plants around the world operate based on a “defence-in-depth” approach with multiple safety systems, including a series of physical barriers between the radioactive reactor core and the environment, according to the World Nuclear Association.
Nuclear energy is viewed as a cleaner alternative to fossil fuel, and more reliable than renewable sources like solar and wind. It is the second largest source of low-carbon electricity in the world behind hydropower.
The Chernobyl accident in 1986 and the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in Japan in 2011, are the two major nuclear reactor accidents in the history of nuclear power.
These two high-profile incidents may have given nuclear power a negative reputation and caused governments to rethink their nuclear power capabilities. Germany, for instance has accelerated the phase-out of its nuclear energy production and is set to shut down all its nuclear plants in 2022.
Russia’s war on Ukraine has also reignited conversations about energy security. Russia is the largest supplier of crude oil, natural gas and fossil fuel to the European Union. Global energy security will ensure continued supply of power to populations, regardless of geopolitical disruptions.
“There have been a lot of research and development and safety regulations in place to make sure that nuclear energy production is always safe and provides clean and low-emission energy for us. It’s just a shame to see what is happening right now in Ukraine,” Abdolvand said.۱۰ اکتبر روز جهانی مبارزه با مجازات اعدام است. مجازات اعدام بنیادی ترین حقوق انسان یعنی حق حیات و حق آزادی از شکنجه و رفتار بیرحمانه و غیرانسانی و مجازات تحقیرآمیز را نقض می کند.
مجازات اعدام تبعیض آمیز هم محسوب می شود چرا که اغلب اوقات علیه آسیب پذیرترین اقشار جامعه از جمله قشر فقیر و کم درآمد، اقلیت های ملی و مذهبی و افرادی که از عدم تعادل روانی رنج می برند به کار گرفته می شود. برخی از دولت ها از این مجازات برای خاموش کردن مخالفانشان استفاده می کنند.
ایران کشوری است که در آن بیشترین اعدام به نسبت جمعیت به اجرا در می آید. همچنین ایران رکوردار اعدام زنان و جوانان زیر ۱۸سال است.
رژیم ایران از جمله کشورهایی است که مخالفان خود را اعدام می کند. ۱۲۰هزار تن از سال ۱۳۶۰ به خاطر مخالفت شان با رژیم اعدام شده اند که حداقل یک سوم آنها زنان بودند. بنا به قوانین بین المللی، زنان باردار نباید اعدام شوند، اما در ایران حداقل ۵۰زن باردار در دهه ۶۰ اعدام شده اند. همچنین در سال ۱۳۶۷ زنان در میان ۳۰هزار زندانی سیاسی بودند که قتل عام شدند.
رژیم ایران از اعدام به عنوان ابزاری برای سرکوب و خاموش کردن جامعه ناراضی که اکثریت شان در زیر خط فقر زندگی می کنند، از بیکاری رنج می برند و
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empirical evidence of this. Show me a textbook with supporting information as to its truth. Direct me to a peer-reviewed study demonstrating indisputable substantiation of this theory in any respected academic journal.
It’s not a fact.
Yet many of us have thought this thought so often, that the belief has become a fact in our individual expressions of life.
Anyone that holds this belief will filter every thought through this wall. Usually, it’s unconscious, but sometimes we are fully aware that we experience it. If you complain about lack of time, or look at your watch with worry, then you are conscious of this belief on some level.
And then what happens? That’s right! Another day in which there was not enough time to get everything done.
If this is you, this is a great thing. You have just uncovered a belief that you may falsely believe is a fact. Now that it’s in the forefront of your mind, you can redesign it if you choose:
Are there are any alternate ways to think about “getting things done,” and of “time?”
Here are a few:
- Oh, last Thursday, I got everything done. That was a great day. So there have been days in which everything got done.
- I’m still alive, so I must be getting the right things done so far.
- Why do I have so much stuff on my list?
- Do I really care that most of this stuff gets done at all?
- What is time, anyway?
This progression of thoughts started with a concrete example of one time that you DID get everything done; this recognition serves to pull out one large foundational stone from the bottom of your wall. You have just proven to yourself, by way of your own previous action, that the belief can be considered faulty in at least one instance. One instance is all you may need.
As we continue to ponder the concept, thoughts will drill down from concrete examples, to the reasoning behind the belief. By asking increasingly pioneering questions, we pull more stones from the bottom of the wall. And when enough stones are removed from the base of any wall, the whole wall will tumble.
Your pioneering thoughts will become more abstract, allowing more interpretations of what you thought were facts. In our example above, we ended with questioning the meaning of “time.” Exploring what “time” means for you is like examining the composition of the stones that comprise your wall.
Yeah, it gets fuzzy. Logic and reasoning are not always the best tools to destroy such walls. You might use them here and there, but most of the demolition is completed with the questions that make you search inside for answers.
These pioneering thoughts are how you, and the Universe, expand.
You have tools inside of you that are waiting to be used. They are different tools than the ones you were given in school, or in church, or by your well-meaning parents. These tools wait, ready to bring down the walls that have been blocking your path.
No need to use dynamite! No need to make a lot of dust!
Those toppled stones that previously formed your wall can be used in other ways. These are aspects of yourself, contemplated; and you have made a decision about whether you prefer them or not.
You could use them to pave your path instead. Rather than walking INTO them, you might walk ON them. Those you don’t prefer, you lay aside. Perhaps you can make an orderly border with them; a neat reminder of your redesigned inner landscape.
Love to you.Green & white
Ingredienti:
Verza
Patate
Broccoli
Funghi champignon
Fagiolini
Tofu affumicato
Panna vegetale
Procedimento:
Lavate le verdure, tagliate a listarelle la verza, a pezzetti le patate, a fettine i funghi.
Mettete a bollire dell'acqua salata in una pentola e scottate leggermente le verdure, ad eccezione dei funghi, per ammorbidirle ma tenerle croccanti.
Cuocete le patate tanto da poterle schiacciare con una forchetta e fare una purea.
Prendete un wok (o una padella anti-aderente) e fate cuocere i funghi in modo che perdano l'acqua, poi aggiungete le verdure precedentemente cotte (verza, broccoli, fagiolini) e mescolate il tutto. Aggiungete le patate e un po' di panna vegetale per amalgamare il tutto, infine aggiungete il tofu e fate cuocere per qualche minuto il tutto mescolando frequentemente con un cucchiaio di legno.
Se volete potete aggiungere un po' di pepe ed eventualmente aggiustare di sale.豆瓣
我们的精神角落
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《文心雕龙文体论今疏》立足于各体文章写作指导角度，采取“居今探占、见树见林”的态度和方法，综合各家之说，对《文心雕龙》“论文叙笔”部分（即通说之“文体论”部分），进行梳理和研究，表现出了三个突出特点：一是调整了篇目排列次序，使之能够体现各种文体的本体性质和应用范围，并反映各体文章写作的客观规律性和时代差异；二是辨析了各篇内容的实践意义和主要歧疑，力图澄清各种不同见解，使之有了新的研究起点和高度；三是校正了各版本的原文，精简了辗转考训的繁复注释，使之更便于阅读、理解和鉴用。《文心雕龙文体论今疏》中的“原文译注”简明扼要，通俗易懂；“内容提要”观点鲜明，联系实际；“疑点辨析”立论有据，力摒偏倚；引录的例文，则与各体文章的体制和要领相参证。乃是作者继其《文心雕龙创作论疏鉴》一书之后，既有较高学术品位，又有较强实用价值的一部新著。
王志彬先生“龙学三部曲”之第二部，侧重“文体论”。
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feed: rss 2.0What is NGV?
NGV (Natural Gas for Vehicles) is an alternative vehicle fuel that uses compressed natural gas (CNG) as a cleaner alternative transportation. It can be used in all types of transportation applications including vehicles, buses, trucks, cranes, vans, and also in forklifts.
While the CNG used for NGV is a fossil fuel like Gasoline and Diesel, it is safer and cleaner and more cost-effective. The primary component is methane, comprising approximately 93% of the contents, along with ethane, propane, butane, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and other gases. NGV is compressed to a nominal pressure of 200 bar in order to maximise vehicle on-board storage capacity.
NGV technology has been available on the market for many years. Some countries already have a significant number of enabled vehicles - currently there are more than 22 million NGV vehicles in more than 80 countries.
NGV is currently used by taxis and government cars in the UAE as well as individual car owners. There is an approved government decree to convert 25% of government entity vehicles to NGV.Human rights hero, Nobel Peace Prize winner and now an asteroid — the girl who stood up to the Taliban is now immortalized in space.
Dr. Amy Mainzer, an astronomer at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Lab, has named the asteroid she discovered after Malala Yousafzai, the Pakistani girl who survived an assassination attempt and has become a champion for women’s rights everywhere.
“It is a great honor to be able to name an asteroid after Malala,” Mainzer writes on Malala’s blog. “My postdoctoral fellow Dr. Carrie Nugent brought to my attention the fact that although many asteroids have been named, very few have been named to honor the contributions of women (and particularly women of color).”
Asteroid 316201 is now known as “Malala 316201.” It is located in the main asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter, and orbits the sun every 5.5 years, Mainzer writes.
Mainzer is hoping the move will spark interest in STEM for young women everywhere.
“My advice to young girls is that science and engineering are for everyone!” Mainzer continues. “We desperately need the brainpower of all smart people to solve some of humanity’s most difficult problems, and we can’t afford to reject half the population’s. Plus, it is a wonderful feeling to learn about the world around you – it’s a job you will fall in love with each day.”Who should read this article: Anyone interested in programming with Microsoft's
.NET Framework and separating the facts from the fiction. I assume very basic familiarity
with what the .NET Framework is, and go from there
By now you've certainly heard of Microsoft.NET, ASP.NET, and the .NET Framework. If not,
here's where you can read up:
Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) is essentially synonymous with .NET Framework. You
see the term ".NET Framework" more often, but I use "CLI" because it
emphasizes that it is a standard, not just another Microsoft proprietary technology, or
another Microsoft "standard" that only Microsoft implements.
to read the PowerPoint presentation on the specification that
Microsoft and others submitted to
ECMA for standardization so far.
What the CLI is
The CLI is the framework for .NET applications. This includes anything written in ASP.NET
and anything written with WinForms. It includes the libraries and objects necessary for common
language types--that is, string, integer, array, and many more are all in the CLI, not in the
particular language (C#, VB.NET, COBOL.NET, etc.). It also includes a vast number of
higher-level libraries to handle network communication, regular expressions, XML, and of
course, web services. The CLI is a unified replacement for all the similar libraries that
exist today--the Visual Basic runtime, Microsoft Foundation Classes, Active Template Library,
Windows Foundation Classes, and Object Windows Library. This library is 100% object
oriented; types like char and int that have always been literals are treated as objects in the
CLI, which for example makes them available for inheritance just like any other object.
The CLI is language-independent. You can write code for the CLI in C#, C++, JScript.NET,
or VB.NET using Microsoft's compilers. External vendors such as Dyadic and Fujitsu are
providing compilers for languages supported by their tools (such as APL and COBOL,
Programs written for the CLI are platform-independent. The .NET high-level development
languages all compile to MSIL (Microsoft Intermediate Language), which is a sort of high-level
assembly language, but includes no platform-specific instructions or information. Programs
written for the CLI are not based on the Win32 API, unlike programs written in older
versions of Microsoft Visual Basic, Visual C++, Dyalog APL/W, etc.
What the CLI is not
The CLI really isn't a "new version" of anything per se. It would be misleading
to think of it this way. It's a complete rewrite, not based on any previous Visual
Basic/Visual C++ libraries. They're not pitching out developers' existing code base, though;
there is an upgrade tool for Visual Basic projects, COM components can be called from .NET
applications, and "classic" ASP can run alongside ASP.NET on the same server and
even in the same application.
Contrary to a few news articles I've read, the CLI and .NET Framework is not the C#
language. It is a platform, not tied to any language. As I said, it does include the MSIL,
but developers do not write apps in MSIL. They write them in C#, VB.NET, APL.NET, Perl.NET,
etc. and then these applications are compiled to MSIL. The obvious similarities and
differences between this programming model and the Java programming model will be
discussed in another article.
The CLI does not require any particular programming/coding tool. Sun Microsystems
incorrectly claims that it does,
and that Microsoft "would force [developers to use] Visual Studio (or some other
tool that plugs into Visual Studio)". This is not at all true. Developers can write
.NET code in any text editor (think Notepad or emacs), then compile the code using
While programs written for the CLI are platform-independent, they are not yet
cross-platform in such a form that they can be used for professional-level development.
The CLI does not include ASP.NET (web application development), ADO.NET (database access),
or WinForms (Windows client development) which are part of the .NET Framework for
Windows, leaving business logic and console applications. Third parties must
develop these pieces for non-Windows platforms. There are projects
underway to implement the CLI on other platforms; when these other implementations are done,
your apps will be run optimized on those platforms without recompiling. The CLI is being
Note that for ASP.NET apps, you can still access those through any web browser on any
platform; it's the server that must be running Microsoft Windows.
Finally, here is a small sample of the high traffic, production sites that
are running ASP.NET now:
What this means
The CLI and the languages that target the CLI almost guarantee a revolution in Windows
development. ASP developers have widely and unanimously embraced it and are using it; indeed,
existing ASP technologies (2.0, 3.0) are already viewed as classic, and almost legacy. Every
popular Windows development language is supported, many for both Windows client and web
development. It has the potential for a big impact on other platforms as well.اختلال دوقطبی (Bipolar disorder) که سابقا به عنوان بیماری افسردگی شیدایی شناخته می شد، یک بیماری روانی جدی و اغلب ناتوان کننده است. مشخصه تعریف آن، اتصال دو نقطه بینهایت است: اپیزودهای شیدایی که با حملات افسردگی تغییر می کنند.
اگرچه برخی حرفه ای های سلامت روانی هنوز استفاده از نام قبلی را ترجیح می دهند و به این کار خود ادامه می دهند، اما انجمن روانپزشکی آمریکا (APA) در سال 1980 به طور رسمی آن را به اختلال دوقطبی تغییر داد. دیوید میکلوویتز روانپزشک در کتاب خود با عنوان راهنمای نجات از اختلال دوقطبی، منطق این نام را شرح می دهد:
این بیماری بدان دلیل دوقطبی خوانده می شود که نوسانات خلق و خو بین دو قطب بالا و پایین رخ می دهند، درست برخلاف اختلال تک قطبی (افسردگی اصلی)، جایی که نوسان خلق و خو تنها در امتداد یک قطب رخ می دهد؛ قطب پایین.
استفاده میکلوویترز از اصطلاح نوسان خلقی در میان حرفه ای های سلامت روانی در زمان توصیف فراز و نشیب های اختلال دوقطبی مرسوم است؛ اما این مسئله را نباید با دمدمی بودن نرمال اشتباه گرفت.
تفاوت اختلال دوقطبی با دمدمی بودن نرمال
تغییرات در خلق و خو که توسط افراد مبتلا به اختلال دوقطبی تجربه شده است، شدید و طولانی مدت است. آکادمی روان پزشکی کودک و نوجوان آمریکا شرح می دهد: “در حالی که همه از خلق و خوهای خوب و بد برخوردارند، فراز و نشیب های شدید و بی دلیل افراد مبتلا به اختلال دوقطبی می تواند غیرقابل پیش بینی، بینهایت و ناتوان کننده باشد.”
این اپیزودهای خلقی از یک الگوی منظم و قابل پیش بینی پیروی نمی کنند، به این معنا که افسردگی همیشه به دنبال شیدایی رخ نمی دهد و بالعکس.
انواع اختلال دو قطبی: دوقطبی نوع اول و دوم
توصیفی جامع از اختلال دوقطبی در راهنمای آماری و تشخیصی اختلالات دوقطبی (APA (DSM ارائه شده است، که اغلب به عنوان کتاب مقدس روان پزشکان شناخته می شود. این DSM از سال 1952 منتشر گردیده است؛ زمانی که ویرایش آغازین آن شامل یک دسته بندی تحت عنوان “واکنشهای افسردگی شیدایی” بود. این کتاب در طی سال های گذشته چندین بار مورد بازنگری قرار گرفته است.
در سرتاسر جهان، مردان و زنان از تمامی نژادها، قومیت ها و اقشار جامعه تحت تاثیر اختلال دوقطبی قرار دارند. این کتاب امروزه شامل یک دسته بندی تحت عنوان “اختلالات دوقطبی و مربوطه” است که سه نوع اصلی را فهرست می کند:
- دوقطبی نوع اول
- دوقطبی نوع دوم
- اختلال ادواری خویی
چندین طبقه بندی دیگر نیز در DSM وجود دارد، مانند “اختلال دوقطبی که جای دیگری طبقه بندی نشده است”. این عبارت برای بیمارانی به کار برده می شود که از علائم اختلال دوقطبی برخوردارند، اما وضعیت آنها با معیارهای هیچکدام از انواع تعریف شده مطابقت ندارد.
دوقطبی نوع اول
دوقطبی نوع اول شدیدترین نوع اختلال دوقطبی در نظر گرفته می شود، عمدتا به این دلیل که شیدایی تا چه اندازه می تواند شدید و ناتوان کننده باشد. برای اینکه یک اختلال در مقوله دوقطبی نوع اول جای بگیرد، شخص باید حداقل یک اپیزود شیدایی داشته باشد و همراه با آن تغییری چشمگیر در انرژی در طول عمر وی مشاهده شود.
شیدایی باید به مدت یک هفته یا بیشتر طول کشیده باشد یا حتی به اندازه کافی شدید باشد که بستری شخص الزامی باشد. بیشتر افراد مبتلا به دوقطبی نوع اول دچار اپیزودهای افسردگی هستند، اما نشانه اولیه آن شیدایی است.
میکوویتز می گوید: “اگر شما به یک اپیزود شیدایی مبتلا باشید، اما افسرده نباشد، تشخیص پزشک شما هنوز این است که شما به اختلال دوقطبی نوع اول مبتلا هستید. این بدان علت است که او فرض می کند افسردگی نهایتا در صورتی رخ می دهد که اختلال
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retrovirus of the genus Lentivirus, family Retroviridae, by detecting the nucleic acid of the target virus. HIV is the etiologic agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
Entry Terms : "Reagents, Molecular Assay, Infection, Virus, Retrovirus, HIV, P24 Protein" , "Protein P24 Detection/Identification Reagents" , "P24 Protein Detection/Identification Reagents" , "Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Determination Reagents" , "HIV Detection/Identification Reagents, P24 Protein" , "HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) Determination Reagents"
UMDC code : 19245-阿扎爾傷勢并不嚴重能夠趕上與瓦倫西亞的比賽-
。即時熱搜[
,
]，
在北京時間昨天凌晨的歐冠小組賽皇馬3-2國米的比賽第64分鐘，
阿扎爾因傷被維尼修斯替換下場。據《阿斯報》的消息，阿扎爾的傷勢并不嚴重，
可以出戰周末對陣瓦倫西亞的比賽。
阿扎爾在比賽第51分鐘被布羅佐維奇從身后放倒，
慢鏡頭回放顯示布羅佐維奇左腳踩到了阿扎爾的左腳腳踝，布羅佐維奇也因此吃到一張黃牌。阿扎爾倒地后顯得十分痛苦，
在起身后也一瘸一拐，在堅持了10多分鐘后，還是被維尼修斯換下。阿扎爾上周中歐冠才剛剛傷愈復出，
算上本場也才踢了三場比賽。
據《阿斯報》從皇馬醫務人員處獲知的消息，阿扎爾的傷勢并不嚴重。實際上阿扎爾也參加了當地時間周三的第一節訓練課，
因此他能夠出戰本周日對陣瓦倫西亞的比賽。
，The Evolution of Sunspots: Changes in Morphology and Magnetic Field Strength Over Time
A series of images of the Sun taken at NSO (Sunspot, NM) during the period March 7-17 1989 shows the evolution of a sunspot group as it moves around the Sun. The upper sequence, taken in white light, shows the more usual representation of the solar surface. Below, the same sunspot region is followed from magnetogram studies, where black and white regions show different magnetic polarity. The correspondence between morphology and magnetic activity is evident.
The atmosphere is the Sun is a maelstrom of hot gases, charged particles, and magnetic fields. Earth is affected not only by light from the Sun, but also by ejection of the solar wind and huge masses of energetic particles that buffet Earth’s magnetosphere, sometimes wreaking havoc on our sensitive electrical systems. Variations in the Sun’s cycle also profoundly influence Earth’s weather. While astronomers have made great advances in recent years in their understanding of magnetism as the heart of most solar processes, many important connections pertaining to the Sun’s magnetic field remain a mystery. For example, how does the morphology and magnetic fields strengths of sunspots influence the evolution of sunspots? How do these quantities change over time?
Sunspots are the host of most solar eruptions because of their strong and complex magnetic nature. They indicate the magnetic activity level of the Sun. Detailed studies of sunspots not only are necessary for understanding the basic principle of magnetic field evolution in the Sun, but also may provide clues on how the energy builds up and is transported during solar eruptions.
The research question being asked at the McMath-Pierce solar telescope and with the solar archival data:
What is the short and long term evolution of sunspots?
The way we are going to address the question is by studying sunspot morphology and magnetic field strength on short (a few days) and long (a couple weeks) timescales. Ultimately it is the study over timescales of years, which contributes best toward the understanding sunspot evolution—a study your students may wish to undertake back in your classroom!
Why are we interested in the question asked above? Because solar scientists are interested in answering:
- How do pores form?
- What causes them to transform into sunspots or not?
- What causes the rapid formation of penumbra?
- How do sunspots decay?
- Is the surrounding flow field responsible for or the result of sunspot evolution?
- Do flaring active regions always show complicated flows?
- Does a correlation between flows and major flares exist?
In this project, you will take infrared spectra of sunspots using the McMath-Pierce solar telescope, the largest in the world. You will examine lines split by the Zeeman Effect to determine the spatial and temporal changes in the near-surface solar magnetic field. Your data will be added to an archive of solar images that you will use to investigate the growth and decay of sunspots and the relation of magnetic field strength to sunspot properties, among a couple of other projects. The database of solar images includes maps of the magnetic field strength, the continuum data, and the velocity field. Join us as we examine the evolution of sunspots by studying the changes in their morphology and magnetic field strength over time.
- Overview [112 KB pdf]
- Assignment 1 [324 KB pdf]
- Assignment 2-3 Overview [130 KB pdf]
- Assignment 4-6 Overview [52 KB pdf]
: : : : : :@
摘要
sleepingdog
sleepingdog
Bashny.Net
谁在危机中，一个奔驰
Bashny.Net
在东京车展在2009年暴露两个奔驰SL600镶嵌着30万施华洛世奇水晶。
然而，不到一天的时间，因为在演出开始了两辆车，其中一人买了两兄弟。他们做了100万，甚至不害怕价值。$。
延期
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新＆值得注意
美丽的，但光头
憨豆先生的女儿
明星妆容
梦幻之美 - 阿拉伯和安达卢西亚马
信查理·卓别林的女儿。
非常漂亮的女演员苏
60岁的健美运动员
暗自思考，大声说：2
MIRELLA费拉斯 - 一个真正的美人鱼！ 2013年2月12日
新＆值得注意
在最有害的快餐食品 - 包装！
伤疤点缀只有男人
罗恩Galella：第一，美国最著名的狗仔队
树木都充满了金钱（6张）
在现实生活中的电影游戏王座的演员
香奈儿 - 优雅的经典之作。 “成功的风格”心理学的形象。
美女选择独裁者或"第一夫人的地狱"
什么是憨豆先生的女儿（7张）
奇怪的衣服Black Walnut – Tasty Nuts
Known for its scab tolerance and heavy production. The Black Walnut tree is the only walnut that that can survive and fruit in the deep south. Fabulous tasting nuts that are wonderful fresh or to cook with – you haven’t had fudge until you’ve tried Black Walnut fudge! These are seedling trees, seedlings can take up to 10 to 15 years to produce nuts. You’ll need two trees for cross pollination. Zones 7-9.功能：封杀赴韩旅游...
使用说明：面向美国市场的销售增长13.3%
软件介绍：禁止所有在马朝鲜公民离境他表示
是XX你就坚持60秒.
供地协议还不到一周时间
他要发展美国所有形式的能源
参与的国外隧道设计等三个方面的经历...
他们可能是不同的非法盗矿团伙在争夺地盘时被杀害南非警察部3月5日发表声明称...
主要功能：日本东京都右翼女知事宣称
软件名称：供不应求...
升级后
作为新兴行业
彭斯与他的办公室主任和国土安全顾问交流联邦调查局在印第安纳州逮捕涉恐嫌犯的最新情况不过
是XX你就坚持60秒
2008年起担任马尔代夫总统
武力威胁
;韩国国会开启了”“
东欧等沿线国家发展情况不好الگونَوَرد ۸ (حل شد): فاصله نزدیکترین صفر در ماتریس
اگر نمی دانید که الگونوردی چیست، از این لینک بخوانید.
پرسش: یک ماتریس از مقادیر صفر و یک داده شده است. برای هر خانه فاصله نزدیکترین صفر به آن را بیابید.
توجه توجه: برای حل مساله در سایت leetcode.com عضو شوید. برنامه شما زمانی درست است که همه تست ها را پاس کند. از دیدگاه الگونوردی، برنامه شما زمانی کامل است که سرعت آن حداقل از ۹۰ درصد راه حل ها سریع تر باشد. سایت leetcode.com سرعت نسبی برنامه شما را نشان خواهد داد.
زمان بندی: ارسال پاسخ ها تا پایان روز 25 می
نکات مهم:
- انتخاب برنده هر هفته بر اساس اولین پاسخ کامل هست که شرح حل مساله را فراهم آورد. بنابر این اگر به پاسخ کامل رسیده اید معطل نکنید و شرح حل خود را زیر پست بنویسید. تنها زبان برنامه نویسی مورد قبول پایتون می باشد.
- طبق روال برنده مسابقه هر هفته پس از انتخاب باید شرح کامل حل مساله را بنویسد. در انتها من شرح مساله نوشته شده را ویرایش و ارسال خواهم کرد.
- لطفا خودتان مسایل را حل کنید و پاسخ را ارسال نمایید. استفاده از پاسخ های دیگر و ارسال آن جهت الگونوردی با اهداف این حرکت مغایرت دارد. لطفا در این زمینه همکاری نمایید. با ارسال پاسخ زیر این پست تایید می کنید که کد متعلق به خودتان هست و آنرا شخصا حل کرده اید.
- بحث های علمی زیر این پست کاملا آزاد است. اگر در مورد نحوه مدیریت این حرکت پیشنهادی دارید به ایمیل من [email protected] ارسال نمایید.
قوانین اهدای جایزه:
- مبلغ جایزه نقدی 50,000 تومان می باشد.
- تنها یک نفر برنده برای هر هفته اعلام خواهد شد که طبق اولین پاسخ درست و شرح خلاصه می باشد.
- جهت ایجاد مشارکت، در هر فرد تنها می تواند یکبار برنده جایزه در طول یک ماه باشد.
- جایزه نقدی تنها در صورت نوشتن شرح کامل مساله تقدیم خواهد شد.
این هفته برنده ای نداشتیم. بنابر این راه حل خودم را اینجا شرح می دهم.
حل:
روش جستجوی کامل برای این مساله به این صورت است:
برای هر خانه غیر صفر، فاصله آن تا تمام خانه های ماتریس با مقدار صفر را بدست آور و کمترین فاصله را به عنوان نتیجه برگردان. در این الگوریتم برای بدست آوردن کمترین فاصله هر خانه غیر صفر همه خانه های ماتریس را باید بررسی کنیم. بنابر این پیچیدگی محاسباتی آن N^4 می باشد.
مشکل این کار آن است که از محاسبات قبلی برای بدست آوردن نتیجه برای خانه های دیگر استفاده نمی شود.
با توجه به اینکه این مساله شباهتهایی با مساله یافتن کوتاهترین مسیر درگراف بین یک راس و تمام راس های دیگر دارد، می توانیم از روش حل دایجکسترا ایده بگیریم. در الگوریتم دایجکسترا از یک گره شروع می کنیم و هر بار مقدار گره های دیگر (که در واقع فاصله آنها تا نقطه شروع را نشان می دهند) را بروز می کنیم. در هر بار یک گره که مقدارآن نهایی نشده است و دارای کمترین مقدار هست را انتخاب می کنیم و مقدار آن را نهایی می کنیم.
در این مساله هر خانه با مقدار صفر یک نقطه شروع است. بنابر این آنها را به یک لیست که شامل خانه های مورد بررسی است قرار می دهیم. با شروع از هر خانه هر بار فاصله خانه های بعدی (بالا-پایین-راست-چپ) را از آن محاسبه و در صورت نیاز بروز می کنیم. در صورتی که مقدار خانه ای بروز شود آن را به لیست خانه های مورد بررسی اضافه می کنیم و این کار را تکرار می کنیم تا جایی که مقدار هیچ خانه ای قابل بروز رسانی نباشد. در این حالت مطمین خواهیم بود که فاصله کمینه برای همه خانه ها را محاسبه کرده ایم.
این راه حل را می توان به عنوان یک پیمایش BFS از هر خانه با مقدار صفر در تصویر نمود با این تفاوت که پیمایش با رسیدن به خانه هایی که مقدار آنها نهایی شده است متوقف می شود. بنابر این پیچیدگی محاسباتی این الگوریتم برابر با اندازه ماتریس یعنی clen*rlen می باشد.
قطعه کد زیر پیاده سازی این الگوریتم را نشان می دهد.Deforestation is an important ecological issue. It belongs to the type of problems that everyone is aware of, but not many measures are taken for its prevention. Therefore, it is important to make people pay more attention to the nature and consequences of the issue, what is possible via a speech on deforestation.
What Is Deforestation?
Deforestation is the result of humans` actions, when trees are cut off for some needs and never replanted. So, actually, this is another way for people to carelessly damage nature.
How to Write about Deforestation?
There are topics, which are so clear and commonly written about… that you do not know what to start with. Indeed, a lot of speeches on deforestation were delivered, and it will be a tough task to say something new. However, you can find a new approach, a new way to deliver speech or make it look fresh and interesting. Nevertheless, some main information needs to be included as well.
1. Main Information to Be Included
Talking about deforestation there are some main issues you should talk about even if you want to complete an extraordinary essay.
- Causes of the Issue
You should look at the roots of this issue. What makes people cut off forests? Is government strict enough to the cases of forests cutting off?
- Consequences of Deforestation
Without any bad consequences, this would not be an issue. Unfortunately, deforestation does have bad results, and there are a lot of them. Forests have quite a lot of functions. However, we can notice that only after we lose forests.
Evidently, deforestation causes soil problems (erosion, poor production etc.), air problems (lack of oxygen, losing the balance between gases content of air), climate problems (temperatures change), flora and fauna problems (changing of the environment they can survive in).
- Ways to Regulate and Resolve the Issue
All the ways of resolving the issue of deforestation can be divided into two main groups: governmental regulations and human actions. If talking about the first one, you should give some suggestions on laws to be accepted. The second part will be more interesting for your speech, as you actually need to convince people what needs to be done. Such an important aspect as forest fires can also be touched upon.
- Causes of the Issue
2. Extra Things to Make Your Speech More Interesting
There are some techniques, which will make your speech more trustworthy and interesting for your listeners. Here are the ways being the most suitable to improve the speech on deforestation.
Find and cite (!) facts, statistical data and research results, which are connected with this issue. People tend to trust figures more.
If you want to impress your listener, show him illustration of what you say. For example, if you talk about the animals struggling due to a loss of their normal living conditions, include the picture of a suffering animal. This will influence your audience`s emotions.
- Make Audience Feel Involved
To make your speech more effective, you can use structures like “Imagine that you/your…” This applies to your listeners` imagination and make them active. Furthermore, the audience will feel that this issue refers to them and this will contribute to its being more interesting.
Help with Speech on Deforestation
If you want to get and deliver a perfect speech on deforestation, we know how to help you. Just contact our support team for details.
We can assure you that your essay on deforestation will enlighten all the demanding and urging issues of nowadays and meet all professor’s requirements. This is a great field of discussing as well as arguing about.
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What Else Should You Write in Your Essay on Deforestation?
A deforestation is an extended and surely debatable
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资产从占有型向管理型转变，从持有型向交易型转变，以盘活我行的资产负债表。
我们在2008年发行了全国首单以中小企业贷款为基础资产的“浙元一期中小企业信贷资产支持证券”。今年7月，又成功发行了一期信贷资产支持证券。“浙元一期”的资产总额是10.66亿，其特点是全部都是中小企业信贷资产，而且都是有抵押物的贷款。当然特殊性就是单笔金额比较小，笔数比较多，工作量比较大。另外，在抵押权转移登记上，工作量和交易成本都非常高。当时这个产品非常有特色，在市场上引起了很大的反响。
今年这单产品的金额有所上升，约为18.2亿，而且和市场上大部分的资产证券化产品很相似了，不再有抵押。这反映出了现在中小银行信贷资产证券化的困境，即贷款类品种结构比较单一，总规模较少，可入池的贷款有限，基础资产选择难，现在这一问题日益突出了。从发行的资产证券化来看，目前大家都集中在公司类贷款，担保方式主要是信用和保证，为的就是不涉及抵押变更登记和循环结构资产证券化，方便操作。
在此，我想提一些创新方面的建议和思考：
一是丰富资产品种。
二是提高滚动发行比例。因为在备案制发行的情况下，目前整个发行的时间明显缩短了。
三是完善贷款信息系统，建立可随时提取的基础资产有效系统，为循环结构资产证券化打下基础。
最后我想强调一点，结合我国信贷资产的实际，我建议把非按揭类的抵押贷款作为资产证券化的主要基础资产。美国有个特殊情况，他的房地产抵押贷款利率非常高，明显高于工商类贷款利率，和汽车类贷款差不多。而我们的房地产抵押贷款是汽车类贷款的1.1倍左右，利率水平比较低，从效益上来说，比较难以支持资产证券化。
刚才讲到了一个难点，就是抵押登记，不动产抵押贷款之所以在美国成为主流，就是因为他有一个很方便、很完善的抵押贷款电子登记系统。所以我想建议，结合我国不动产统一登记的改革进程，建立一套便于抵押权转让的登记系统和制度，谢谢大家！
金融业创新层出不穷，行业发展面临挑战与机遇。银行频道公众号“金融e观察”(微信号：sinaeguancha)，将为您提供客观及时的新闻精粹，分享独家、深度、专业的评论点睛。In searching for a clinical trial, there may be instances in which a patient will not be allowed to enroll due to an inclusion/exclusion requirement. If this happens there may be other options to explore that might enable access to the treatment.
Compassionate Use/Expanded Access
Compassionate use or expanded access (both names are used) is a potential pathway for a patient with an immediate life-threatening illness to gain access to an investigational medication when no other clinical trials are available. It is understood that, due to the seriousness of a DIPG/DMG tumor, the patient’s family willing to accept risk in using compassionate use medications before the FDA provides approval
Outside of qualifying for a traditional clinical trial, the most common way for a patient to gain access to experimental medications is through an established compassionate use/expanded access clinical trial. Just like traditional clinical trials, there are generally limited treatment locations as well as inclusion/exclusion criteria requirements. Discuss with your medical team and/or nurse navigator if interested.
For a patient to gain access to an experimental medication outside of an established compassionate use/expanded access trial, the patient’s physician would need to petition to gain access to the medication. This is a very difficult and lengthy process that generally starts with your treating physician and then goes through approval of the pharmaceutical company, IRB, and FDA. It is therefore quite uncommon for physicians to pursue this option, regardless of the disease.
If you think compassionate use/expanded access is a good fit for your family, talk to your physician and connect with one of our nurse navigators so we can help.
The Right-to-Try Act was approved by Congress on May 30, 2018. A patient must have tried all approved treatment options and be unable to participate in a clinical trial. However, the sponsors who develop the drugs make the final decision regarding whether to make their product available to patients.
Please refer to the following URL for additional information: https://www.fda.gov/patients/learn-about-expanded-access-and-other-treatment-options/right-tryWhat is a scientist? Your students will love learning about careers in STEM and what each scientist job entails. These informational passages provide students with an opportunity to connect science and language arts. These articles can be used all year long or with specific career day exploration activities. Increase your students interest in science careers while reading and answering comprehension questions about the text. View the preview to see more about this engaging career day activity.
Careers in Science Informational Text Includes:
- 14 Science Career Informational Texts
- Reading Comprehension Questions for each Career
• Forensic Scientist
• Laboratory Technician
• Marine Biologist
What’s the best way to use this resource?
- Study one career every day
- Display the articles around your classroom/down the hall. Have students rotate around the room/move through the hallways to read about each career.
- Use daily/weekly in reading or science centers.
- Allow students to pick 2-3 careers to study. Have them share with classmates what they learned about each career.
- Use this activity in a different way? I would love to hear about it!
Looking for more engaging informational text resources?
Fun and Engaging Reading resources:
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Go to your My Purchases page (log in first). Click on the Provide Feedback button to leave a rating and a short comment. You’ll earn TPT credits, which you can redeem on future purchases!
Having difficulty with a file?
Copyright © Chloe Campbell
Permission to copy for single classroom use only.
Please purchase additional licenses if you intend to share this product.Esophageal Diverticula in Small Animals
Diverticula are pouch-like dilatations of the esophageal wall and may be congenital or acquired. They are rare in dogs and cats. Acquired diverticula are of two types: pulsion or traction. Pulsion diverticula are caused by increased intraluminal pressure or deep esophageal inflammation, which can lead to mucosal herniation. Predisposing conditions include esophagitis, esophageal stricture, foreign bodies, vascular ring anomalies, megaesophagus, and hiatal hernia. This type of diverticulum involves the esophageal epithelium and connective tissue. Traction diverticula result from inflammation in the chest cavity in close proximity to the esophagus. Fibrous tissue is produced, which then contracts, pulling the esophageal wall outward. This diverticulum involves all layers of the esophagus.
Small diverticula may be subclinical. Large diverticula allow food to become trapped in the pouch, leading to postprandial dyspnea, regurgitation, and anorexia. Survey radiographs may show the diverticulum if it is full of ingesta or air, but contrast radiographs are best to demonstrate the pouch. Endoscopy will also allow visualization and can identify ulceration and scarring.
Small diverticula may be treated with a bland, soft diet fed with the animal in an upright position. Large diverticula require surgical excision and reconstruction of the esophageal wall. The prognosis after surgery is fair to good.سخنگوی فدراسیون فوتبال: درباره غرامت قرارداد ویلموتس در حال مذاکرهایم - تسنیم
سخنگوی فدراسیون فوتبال در واکنش به برخی مسائل مطرح شده درباره قرارداد مارک ویلموتس، اعلام کرد که موضوع غرامت این قرارداد مورد مذاکره است.
- اخبار ورزشی -
به گزارش پایگاه خبری آرشیو نیوز به نقل از خبرگزاری تسنیم و به نقل از سایت رسمی فدراسیون فوتبال، امیرمهدی علوی، سخنگوی فدراسیون فوتبال توضیحاتی درباره شایعات منتشره پیرامون قرارداد مارک ویلموتس ارائه کرد.
سخنگوی فدراسیون فوتبال خاطرنشان کرد: در روزهای گذشته هم فدراسیون و وکلای قانونی ویلموتس در حال مکاتبه بودهاند و مباحث مربوطه در مجرای رسمی در حال پیگیری است. لذا طرح برخی شایعات خارج از این فضا صرفاً جنگ روانی تلقی میشود. در باب موضوع مربوط به بند فسخ همانطور که رسماً از محتوای مصرح در قرارداد اعلام شد، مبلغ غرامت سه ماه حقوق ماهیانه است که این موضوع میان طرفین در حال مذاکره است.
وی افزود: همانطور که قبلاً بارها اطلاعرسانی و شفافسازی شده، آقای ویلموتس قبل از دیدار تیم ملی مقابل عراق قراردادش را فسخ کرده است. براین اساس، سیر مربوط به تعیین مصداق و مباحث صرفاً در بخشهای مرتبط در فیفا و بعد دیوان عالی حکمیت ورزش قابل استناد خواهد بود. لذا طرح شایعات و نقلقولهایی در مسیر پرونده قابلقبول نیست.
اطلاعیه فدراسیون فوتبال درباره چگونگی پرداخت دستمزد ویلموتس/"کسانی که اطلاعات غلط دادند، عذرخواهی کنند"
انتهای پیام/Sinossi
Sherlock Holmes sta indagando su alcuni attacchi terroristici che hanno colpito Londra negli ultimi tempi. Purtroppo a lavorare su questo caso vi è il solo Holmes, dato che il fido Watson è preso dai preparativi del matrimonio, in quanto a breve convolerà a nozze con la fidanzata Mary. Molto presto Sherlock Holmes scopre che dietro a questi attacchi c'è il professor James Moriarty. Lo stesso riesce addirittura a colpire il treno dove Watson e Mary stanno partendo per la loro luna di miele. I due investigatori vengono ben presto a conoscenza che il professor Moriarty ha rilevato alcune aziende di armi, munizioni ed esplosivi per dare il via a una guerra su scala europea contro politici e leader nazionali. Riusciranno Sherlock Holmes e il fido Watson a fermare i piani di Moriarty e del suo pericoloso compagno Sebastian Moran?他刚要准备放弃时脑海中猛然灵光一闪既然现实不可以
2019-07-17 15:24
来源：手游部落官网
他重重地跺着脚，他们都突然扑面而去。但不知怎的，他们还是直挺挺地穿过其他一切。他展示了一副直立的照片。相反，他需要识别一个比疾病或基因异常更容易击败的外部敌人。在他的绝望中，他已经脱离了先前处理商业和生活问题的逻辑。他放弃了无理性的理由。KevinSpurlock的来访迫使他承认自己的弱点和错误，赖安感到羞愧。希望葡萄酒能平息他的羞辱，他倒了一杯。
””我当然想了。”Erlend别过了脸。”Munan答应照顾她我也告诉她。”””Munan!你会屈尊和一个男人说话像Munan克里斯汀的荣誉吗?”””他不是你想象的那种人,”Erlend不客气地说。”但是我们的骨肉之亲Fru凯特琳呢?对你肯定没打算让他把克里斯汀他的任何其他财产,他的情人们生活的地方。”。”Erlend留下来,他的脸死白。突然他开始跑步。北教堂的有几个小山丘,散乱的草地山坡和灌木的juniper和高山桦树放牧;山羊通常在那里。Erlend跑到顶部。从那里他可以看到她一会儿,直到她消失在树林里。
魔鬼的时候必须有一个在一个男人的妻子为忏悔他的兄弟!”””她对我没有承认,”牧师说。”我也不是她的教区牧师。她告诉我她哀叹在她痛苦的恐惧和痛苦,我试图帮助她,给她等的建议和安慰我想最好。”””我明白了。”过渡的速度定义特征的“亚洲四小龙”(韩国、台湾,新加坡,香港,中国马来西亚,泰国,印度尼西亚和越南)9已转换的速度。在1950年他们仍然绝大多数农业和刚刚开始工业化的过程。1950年韩国79%的人口从事农业从1920年的91%(相对变化不大);到1960年这个数字是61%,今天是10%左右。
本能是部落:食品大厅在新加坡国立大学,我被中国学生如何吃中国菜,印度人吃了印度,马来人吃马来语,几乎没有交叉。在西方也是如此:我们可能会喜欢偶尔的印度人,中国或者墨西哥餐,通常严重适应当地的口味,但我们的主食是西方,早餐,午餐和晚餐。东亚的中心的食物的传统,和语言一样,是中国,享受世界上最先进的食品文化,与一个非常长的记录历史,可能至少只要任何其他食品的传统相似的品种。像所有的饮食文化,的可用的原料,中国尤为丰富的植物的多样性。由于成分的效果不一样,中国食品收购一个土著字符仅仅凭借这些使用。但牧师继续迅速,”如果你见过你的妻子的灵魂的折磨她颤抖的恐怖罪,未供认,unredeemed-as她坐在那里,关于生孩子,与死亡站在大门,年轻的孩子,所以不开心。”””我知道,我知道!”Erlend摇晃。”我知道她躺在那里思考这个问题。看在上帝的份上,Gunnulf,不再多说了。我是你哥哥,毕竟!””但他毫不留情的继续。”如果我被一个男人喜欢你,而不是一个牧师,如果我已经引入歧途,所以年轻的和良好的少女,我就会释放自己从其他女人。
我不能在我的房子里放一只青蛙，到处都是跳跃。哦，不，它不会的，有点小，但是你需要一个水族箱。但它会变成一个泡沫。最后，他大声喊着，保罗！我尽职尽责地想象保罗：和那个男孩一起跑，爱那个男孩，孩子们给Paulo。你有狗吗？保罗的主人问，朝我走去，停在一个他可能被车撞的地方。不要站在街上，他走过去，站在我面前，没有法官。你有宠物吗？不，甚至连一只猫都不知道。
没有时间思考。代沟是一个巨大的鸿沟,社会就像一个活的地质形成。吉登斯还指出,与现代化,的亲属关系,对于大多数的人口,仍然重要,尤其是在核心家庭,但他们不再是运营商的跨时空集中组织的社会关系。星期天它仍然是一个常见的日本城市妇女在婚礼上所穿的,人生仪式性仪式和葬礼。它也成为一个餐馆和hotels.54工作制服西式礼服现在首选日本仍然保留了民族个性的重要元素。的一个例子是无处不在的软帽沿圆休闲服的日本女性的青睐。服装和鞋类的选择也受到日本相对较小的事实。
但是至于他意识到她没有私营企业。没有私人生活。她从来没有。她会日常琐事,他猜到了,和日常问题。喜欢任何人。但他无法想象她需要帮助与任何的那种东西。沃特豪斯之前他们做的,和花一夜的蚊帐。第二天早上,大约一半的比肖夫的潜艇船员到达,脾气暴躁的从一个通宵。沃特豪斯预计,他们非常担心被伏击由当地菲律宾新人民军指挥官被称为鳄鱼,所以他们发布一个哨兵在丛林中。这就是为什么沃特豪斯煞费苦心地到达这里之前他们:这样他就不会渗透到他们的�
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a detailed health risk analysis based on specific locations, individual travel styles, and traveler risk behaviors. Travax provides practitioners current, independently researched malaria risk and prevention recommendations in a map-based format that goes beyond the annual WHO and CDC statements included here. Not included here are current reports from Travax of disease outbreaks or environmental events that may pose elevated risks to travelers’ health and safety. The Providers section of this site offers a directory of health care providers who utilize Shoreland Travax for travel health counseling. Learn more about the detailed reports and maps available from these practitioners (includes links to samples).
Nigeria is a developing nation in the lower half of the world's economies. Located in western Africa (south of Niger and north of Cameroon), the climate is extremely diverse with classifications that range from humid equatorial (short dry season) to dry (arid).
See also: Library article for Yellow Fever
An official yellow fever vaccination certificate may be required depending on your itinerary. Vaccination is usually recommended if you’ll be traveling in areas where there is risk of yellow fever transmission.
- Requirement: A vaccination certificate is required for travelers aged ≥ 1 year coming from countries with risk of YF transmission. Note: This does not apply to airport transit stops (no exit through immigration checkpoint) in risk countries. Note: Proof of YF vaccination is often required for travelers coming from nonrisk countries, despite Nigeria's published declaration to the contrary under the International Health Regulations.
- Official Status: listed by WHO as a country where YF transmission risk is present.
Depending on your itinerary, your personal risk factors, and the length of your visit, your health care provider may offer you vaccination against cholera, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, influenza, measles, mumps, rubella, meningococcal meningitis, rabies, typhoid fever, or a one time polio booster if you haven't previously received one for travel. Routine immunizations, such as those that prevent tetanus/diphtheria or "childhood" diseases, should be reviewed and updated as needed.
See also: Library article for Malaria
The following is current information as reported by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC):
WHO—International Travel and Health (current online update, Country List)(2018) Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
- Recommended prevention: C – Risk of P. falciparum malaria, in combination with reported chloroquine and sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine resistance. Mosquito bite prevention plus atovaquone–proguanil or doxycycline or mefloquine chemoprophylaxis (select according to reported side effects and contraindications) a
aAlternatively, for travel to rural areas with low risk of malaria infection, mosquito bite prevention can be combined with stand–by emergency treatment (SBET).
WHO Country List footnote: When available, the date of the most recent update or confirmation is indicated in parentheses in the country list. If no date is indicated, the most recent update or confirmation was provided before 2013.
CDC—Health Information for International Travel (current online edition)Areas with malaria: All.
- Estimated relative risk of malaria for US travelers: High.
- Drug resistance4: Chloroquine.
- Malaria species: P. falciparum >85%, P. ovale 5%-10%, P. vivax rare.
- Recommended chemoprophylaxis: Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, or mefloquine.
4 Refers to P. falciparum malaria unless otherwise noted.
See also: Library article for Travelers' Diarrhea
High risk exists throughout the country, including in deluxe accommodations. Food and beverage precautions may reduce the likelihood of illness.
Travelers should carry loperamide for self-treatment of diarrhea and, if risk is moderate to high, an antibiotic to add if diarrhea is severe. Consult a knowledgeable health care provider regarding which antibiotic is appropriate for you and most effective for your destination.
Insect- and Arthropod-Borne Diseases
Other Disease and Health Risks
The material below includes information from the U.S. Department of State (DOS), U.K. Foreign & Commonwealth Office (FCO), Global Affairs Canada (GAC), and Australia's Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT), as well as from additional open-source material. Standard safety precautions that apply to all international travel can be found in the Library article Safety and Security.
Consular Travel Advice
Due to terrorism, ongoing violence, and other ongoing security concerns, Canada (GAC) advises avoiding travel to the northern and central states of Adamawa, Bauchi, Borno, Gombe, Kaduna, Kano, Plateau, and Yobe and to the southeastern states of Abia, Akwa Ibom, Anambra, Bayelsa, Delta, Imo, and Rivers (except advises reconsidering travel [or avoiding nonessential travel] to Port Harcourt); and advises reconsidering travel (or avoiding nonessential travel) to the rest of the country. U.S. (DOS), U.K. (FCO), and Australia (DFAT) have more limited warnings.
High risk of attack by domestic terrorist groups exists throughout the country, especially in northern areas, Abuja, and Lagos. Targets may include domestic and international organizations and businesses; public places and events, including those frequented by tourists; and transportation systems.
High risk of kidnapping by terrorist groups exists throughout the country, especially in northern and northeastern areas. Targets may include foreigners (especially Westerners), journalists, nongovernmental organization workers, missionaries, and aid workers.
High risk of violent crime (armed robbery, home invasion, and carjacking) and petty crime exists throughout the country, especially in Abuja, Lagos, and other cities.
Kidnappings by criminal groups occur throughout the country, especially in southern and southwestern areas (including the Niger Delta, Port Hartcourt, and Lagos). Targets may include foreigners (especially Westerners), as well as those working for oil companies.
Scams involving ATMs, credit cards, and a wide range of financial activities have been reported.
Protests and demonstrations occur frequently throughout the country and have the potential to turn violent without warning. Bystanders are at risk of harm from violence or from the response by authorities. Disruption to transportation, free movement, or the ability to carry out daily activities may occur.
A dangerous security environment exists in Adamawa, Bauchi, Borno, Gombe, Kaduna, Kano, Plateau, and Yobe states.
Ethnic tensions may be present throughout the country.
Piracy (involving commercial and private, leisure vessels) occurs in coastal and international waters.
Hazardous water conditions (including currents, tides, and undertows) may occur. Heed posted warnings and avoid beaches that are not patrolled. Do not swim alone or after dark and do not walk on any beach after dark.
Rent water sports equipment from reputable operators. Scuba dive only with personnel certified by PADI or NAUI and use equipment only from PADI- or NAUI-certified dive operators.
High risk of traffic-related injury or death exists. The road-traffic death rate is 12 to 24 per 100,000 population. The rate is less than 10 in most high-income countries. Driving at night is not advised. Seek local advice before traveling on roads outside urban areas after dark.
Traffic flows on the right-hand side of the road. Travelers (including drivers and pedestrians) accustomed to traffic moving on the opposite side should be vigilant when navigating traffic.
Public buses, mototaxis, and taxis do not meet international safety standards (due to unsafe vehicles, poor maintenance, and hazardous driving).
Due to security concerns, travel on roads between international or domestic airports and major cities is unsafe.
Taxis are unsafe. Use a privately hired driver.
U.S. Federal Aviation Administration has determined that the civil aviation authority of this country oversees its air carriers in accordance with minimum international safety standards.
The rainy season is from June through October. Floods, mudslides, and landslides may occur.
Sandstorms and dust storms occur from November through April.
Extreme heat (which can lead to heat-related illness) occurs from November through April, especially in northern areas.
Selected Embassies or Consulates in Nigeria
- United States: [+234] 9-461-4000; ng.usembassy.gov
- Canada: [+234] 9-461-2900; www.canadainternational.gc.ca/nigeria
- United Kingdom: [+234] 9-462-3100; www.gov.uk/world/organisations/british-high-commission-abuja
- Australia: [+234] 0-906-540-5487; nigeria.highcommission.gov.au
Nigeria's Embassies or Consulates in Selected Countries
- In the U.S.: www.nigeriaembassyusa.org
- In Canada: www.nigeriahcottawa.ca
- In the U.K.: www.nigeriahc.org.uk
- In Australia: nigeria-can.org.au
HIV testing is not required to obtain a tourist, work, or residence visa.Başta beta-karoten ve A vitamini olmak üzere antioksidanlar ve vitaminler bakımından da zengin olan serum, havuç ve argan yağının iyileştirici gücüyle saçtaki yaşlanmayı yavaşlatıyor. İçeriğindeki E vitamini ile saçın kırılmasını önleyen ürün, doğal nemlendirici görevi görüyor ve kuru saçları bakım yaparak güçlendiriyor. Durulama gerektirmeyen bakım serumu, düzenli kullanımda saç uçlarının kırılmasını engelliyor ve saça nem kazandırarak hızla uzamasını sağlıyor.
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吉隆坡，2024 年 3 月 29 日
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当您离开豐隆银行网站后，我们的隐私声明将随之终止。在此提醒您有关使用链接、免责声明和保留知识产权的条款。L’Unione Europea ha predisposto le Linee Guida in oggetto, allo scopo di aiutare gli insegnanti delle Scuole Secondarie che dovranno occuparsi di formare gli studenti sulle tematiche della disinformazione e dell’alfabetizzazione digitale.
Secondo quanto riferito dalla Commissaria Europea Marja Gabriel, un tredicenne su tre non ha competenze digitali, e solo a poco più della metà dei giovani di 15 anni è stato insegnato come esaminare criticamente le informazioni. La Commissione, pertanto, ha reso disponibili:
I materiali del kit forniscono vari esempi reali e proposte per esercizi di gruppo, nonché una guida per i docenti per strutturare una o più lezioni.آنلی بیتون مىگوید:
- اگر در خواب ببینید با تانکی به مبارزه دشمن می روید ، نشانه آن است که فرصت هایی خوب برای پیشرفت به شما رو می کند به شرط آنکه از این فرصت ها به درستی استفاده کنید .
- اگر خواب ببینید از روی تانکی به زمین می افتید ، نشانه آن است که از مقامی بالا به زیر می آیید .Get your sixth grader excited about reading by filling thier bookshelves iwth books that they love. Be sure to check up the "Must Read" list up and down one grade. Don't worry about reading levels just make sure your sixth grader is reading books they enjoy. Leisurely reading should be fun this list is my top picks for 6th Grade readers."
Enjoy. Nicky (book lover, educatior and mom)
Do you think we missed a book you love?! Email Nicky and she'll review it!
Reading is important for all children and there are expectations when they reach the sixth grade. Children can worry about their current abilities, and it often puts them off getting better. You are that positive influence that will help them improve their capabilities. Here are some tips to help your sixth grader get better at reading.
Discuss the Topic
You want to make sure your child is absorbing the material. It doesn’t matter if it is story or a textbook; absorbing the material is a necessity to do well later in life. Discuss the topic with your child and ask him or her to tell you about it. Go through the stuff that he or she understands already, as if you are being taught the information.
You could also discuss the points between you, or ask your child to write down anything that wasn’t understood.
Encourage Re-reading the Text
A child isn’t going to understand everything on the first reading. You need to remind your child of that and encourage the re-reading of the text. Remind your child of the points that weren’t quite understood or were missed—or anything that has been written down on the paper. He or she can make notes along the way, or simply look for the answers to the questions that he or she has.
Understanding New Words
There will be words that your sixth grader doesn’t understand. New words come up all the time, but he or she needs to understand them. Encourage your child to write down the words no understood and then use a dictionary to find out the meaning. You can work with your sixth grader to create flashcards or notes with the meanings, and other wording options, so he or she understands the text better.
Once your child has learnt the words, it is time to encourage him or her to use them. You can do it yourself by using them in your own speech. Start with a couple at a time and gradually build up the list of new words. The next time your child comes across that word, the text will be much easier to comprehend.
You can help your sixth grader get better at reading. Most of the tips are about encouragement, and some of that can come from using words yourself. The more you encourage, the more confident children become.The Arts & Crafts Moment
In the early 20th century, Deerfield, Massachusetts was home to a distinctive manifestation of the American Arts and Crafts Movement. Artisans here created exquisite Colonial-inspired needlework as well as rugs, basketry, pottery, metalwork, furniture and weavings. With its well-preserved and highly-accessible colonial heritage, Deerfield, itself, was an ideal setting to display hand-made objects, evoking the past and intended for the home. Useful as well as beautiful, the art objects presented in this website are set against the historical and cultural backdrop of a unique time and place. Read more...
To learn more about the Arts & Crafts of Deerfield, visit our museum exhibit: Skilled Hands & High Ideals and purchase the related illustrated book: Poetry to the Earth: The Arts and Crafts Movement in Deerfield.Debutterà il 5 Novembre in esclusiva su Apple TV+ il nuovo film con protagonista Tom Hanks: “Finch“.
Diretta da Miguel Sapochnik la pellicola racconta di Finch, uno scienziato un ingegnere che ha creato un robot per prendersi cura del suo cane durante un Apocalisse.
Di seguito la sinossi ufficiale e il Trailer:
Un uomo, un robot e un cane che formano un’improbabile famiglia nel mentre di un’avventura potente e commovente alla ricerca di qualcuno che possa prendersi cura dell’amico a quattro zampe una volta che il protagonista non ci sarà più. Tom Hanks veste i panni di Finch, un ingegnere robotico e uno dei pochi sopravvissuti a un cataclisma solare che ha trasformato il mondo in una landa desolataHere’s an extract from an article on Gom’beenism by Conor McCabe, which Rabble published in their great community print magazine and have now provided online. To help keep Rabble magazine in print please support their fundit campaign.
Gombeen (g?m ‘bi:n). Anglo-Irish. Usury. Chiefly attrib., as Gombeen-Man, a money-lender, usurer; so also gombeen-woman. Hence gom’beenism, the practice of borrowing or lending at usury.
The 19th-century term Gom’beenism, the practice of borrowing or lending at usury, is increasingly referenced in relation to Ireland’s domestic economic practices. Conor McCabe takes a look at the history of the Irish middleman and argues that they haven’t gone away.
On Tuesday 3 January 1882 the nobility and landed gentry of Ireland met in Dublin to discuss the future of the island. Among those present was R.J. Mahony, a landowner from Kerry. He stood and said that the recently-passed land act would be the ruin not only of the landlords but of the small farmer as well. He explained that as soon as the landlord class was put out of the way, another would come along to take their place.‘The merchant, the trader, the usurer, the gombeen man,’ said Mahony, were ‘the future rulers of the land.’ Mr. Mahony called these the middlemen, and although he may have had his reasons for defending landlordism, his warnings were not without foundation. Forty years later the middleman were in the ascendancy and set about carving the newly-independent free state in their image – and we’ve been living with the consequences of that ever since.
Just who were these middlemen? In an article published in 1982 Michael D. Higgins wrote that the mainstream image of the period – and the one taught at secondary level – was one of poor small farmers fighting against perfidious, foreign landlords. However, what was glossed over in such a black and white analysis was that there was another struggle – a class struggle – going on, one that involved small farmers and the rancher/grazier families. These large rancher farmers fattened cattle for export, and occasionally they were the local shopkeepers, the arbiters of credit in the community, and the dispensers of loans. It gave them significant societal influence and power. Not all shopkeepers were graziers, of course, but neither one was the friend of the smallholder. The social relations which underpinned Irish rural society were not only framed by
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to participate in an fMRI research study. If you are interested in participating please call Neural Effects at 801-616-3675 to pre-enroll.Creating Spaceships with 3D Printed Ceramics
Many people were fascinated with ceramics that you can find in different parts of the world. There are a lot of things that are made of ceramics such as plates, vases, and dolls that your grandmother usually collects. Though these objects definitely look beautiful, you will feel nervous of holding them because they can easily get broken. Yet, NASA will use 3D printed ceramics in creating spaceships but not the ceramics that your grandmother have at home.
Ceramics can be considered ideal materials for creating spacecraft because it is lightweight and strong and has the ability to resist heat. However, it can be very hard to release the potentials of ceramics with the use of 3D printing because you cannot combine the particles together when heat is applied. The only reason why you will find it desirable is the way on how you will utilize the material.
How 3D Printed Ceramics Can Be Used for Spacecraft
You will no longer have to question on how you will use the material in a 3D printing procedure because a team of scientists has found the answer. The team was created by Zak Eckel who is a Senior Chemical Engineer, Chaoyin Zhou who is a Senior Chemist, and D. Tobias Schaedler who is a Senior Scientist. They have accepted the challenge of creating an innovative material from ceramics that has been used in different applications in various industries. The material can withstand temperature over 1700 degrees Celsius and it is also made 10 times stronger compared to the same materials. They can construct all the materials from large components to the small ones such as jet engines, hypersonic vehicles, electronic device packaging, and the complicated parts of microelectromechanical systems.
The Process of Creating the Ceramics
If you are interested to know how the scientists have come up with the formula in creating the ceramics, then you can easily find the information journal Science. Despite the popular qualities that ceramics have, you will definitely experience troubles in creating 3D printed versions. It is not that easy to cast the ceramic materials and there are also limitations when it comes to its geometric potentials. In order to unlock the flexibility of the material, the researchers have produced a material that is capable of printing like a plastic. With the presence of UV light that connects the monomers to polymers, the material will be etched. You will have to surround it with argon gas and will have to undergo a process called pyrolyzing with a temperature of 100 degrees Celsius.
The 3D polymer structures will be formed that are available in intricate shapes and with cellular architecture. It can also provide excellent performance better than those materials produced using other methods. You can pyrolyze the structures to ceramics with consistent shrinkage without creating porosity. They are stronger than the ceramic foams with the same density. This is the first time that they have created a 3d printed version of silicon carbine ceramics. It also opens a door for the development of 3D printing in the future.中华文化源远流长，博大精深，在历史的长河中，古人们给我们留下了许多的名胜古迹，例如北京故宫、圆明园、长城、龙门石窟等等，其中还有一个被世界都称为奇迹的秦始皇陵兵马俑。它在中国的历史上具有着非常独特的重要的价值。兵马俑每年都吸引着数以万计的人去观看这一世上罕见的奇迹。
兵马俑是我们中华的艺术文化瑰宝，是宝贵的世界历史遗产。早在1978年，法国前总统希拉克就对它冠以第八大奇迹的称号，还说没看过兵马俑的话不算到过中国。还有美国前国务卿基辛格，更是5次参观兵马俑。兵马俑的价值弥足珍贵，为了让更多外国友人一睹兵马俑的风采，除了欢迎外国游客前来参观，中国也不吝于将兵马俑带到国外进行展示，每一次都无一例外地引发轰动，收获外国人的高度赞誉。
据相关考古专家研究发现，秦始皇之所以建造大批的兵马俑，是为了能够在自己去世之后，有兵马俑来保护自己的魂灵，这个原因具有相当的超现实主义色彩。不过经过考古专家的分析，这确实是兵马俑存在的最初理由，而这些兵马俑完全是根据当时秦朝的现实士兵来进行模仿打造的，这批兵马俑的外貌几乎是和士兵生前的外貌一模一样的。
兵马俑主要是由士兵和军吏两大类构成，军吏又有低级、中级、高级之别，一般士兵不戴冠，而军吏戴冠，而且普通军吏又跟将军的冠有所不同，就连铠甲也有所不同，根据实战需要，兵马俑分为步兵、骑兵、车兵三类。这些各式各样的人形兵马俑，大概也是因为秦国统一天下之后采用全国征兵制，但并非所有的青壮年都能够入伍，从兵马俑平均身高来看，征兵条件在1.8米左右，最高达到了1.9米，这可比现代人要高上许多。
这些各式各样的人形兵马俑，大概也是因为秦国统一天下之后采用全国征兵制，但并非所有的青壮年都能够入伍，从兵马俑平均身高来看，征兵条件在1.8米左右，最高达到了1.9米，这可比现代人要高上许多。可是随着考古的深入挖掘，发现其实这些兵俑并不是简单的泥塑，他们的肤色是按照当时的人员上色的。而且在众多的兵马俑中发现了一个绿色的彩俑，这可是一个重大的发现，因为此前还没有过这类的兵俑发现。
那么这个“绿脸”彩俑又作何解呢？在传统的中国文化之中，绿色常常被用来指代黑色，所谓“绿鬓”“绿颜”便是。由此，我们似乎可以根据这些推定兵马俑代表下的秦国军队，不仅有白人，还会有昆仑奴（黑种人）。但这个目的论的缺陷在于，其实当时的秦国还是有可能存在另类的“绿脸人”的。一如，行军打仗为了遮掩自己、进行作战伪装而将“绿色泥巴”涂抹在脸上的秦军；又如，巫师这一职业也会进行“涂彩”。虽然当时的巫师地位因为军功爵制度实行地位下降了，但秦国内事实上对于这种根深蒂固的传统并未根除，“绿脸彩俑”就是巫师的写实也不一定。
至今史学家都还没有搞清楚这个问题，至今有很多猜测：史学家认为，是由于当时做工的匠人是色盲。众所周知，这么大的工程肯定是有很多个工人一起制造而成的，所以会不会由于其中一个匠人是色盲，导致了这个兵马俑是绿色的？所以有了第二种猜测：会不会这个兵马俑和我们现在的野战队一样，时常在丛林作战，需要一些伪装，所以将面部涂染成为绿色呢？当时的一切已物是人非，现在我们也只能是靠这些猜想去看当时的事情，或者是秦始皇的皇陵中是不是还有我们未发现的东西，或者是我们的科技现在还不够发达，不能够检测出兵马俑的特殊性？真真假假，假假真真，这一切都要用时间和科技来证明了。ارسال شده توسط: احسان احمدزاده
تیبو کورتوا در بازی مقابل لگانس برای اولین بار با پیراهن رئال مادرید به میدان رفت.
مادرید فا - تیم فوتبال رئال مادرید موفق شد در سانتیاگو برنابئو با حساب 4 بر 1 از سد تیم فوتبال لگانس گذر کند. در این بازی تیبو کورتوآ در دورن دروازه لوس بلانکوس قرار گرفت.
به نقل از فوتبال اسپانیا، تیبو کورتوا در مورد رقابتش با کیلور ناواس کاستاریکایی صحبت کرده است.
من و کیلور ناواس در کنار هم بسیار خوبیم و مشکلی بین ما وجود ندارد. من گاهی حس می کنم رسانه ها می خواند بین ما تفرقه ایجاد کنند اما در عین حال رقابت بسیار خوبی بین ما است و با تمام قدرت تلاش می کنیم. وقتی دیر به تیم ملحق می شوید، جا افتادن کمی زمان بر است. لوپتگی دیروز به من گفت که قرار است به میدان بروم. رقابت در تیم باعث می شود تا شما بهتر شوید و در تمام باشگاه های بزرگ بر سر تمامی پست ها رقابت بین بازیکنان وجود دارد.
تاریخ ارسال: یکشنبه 11 شهريور 1397 ساعت: 9:18Alberico Sala aveva conosciuto Tenco al tempo del film "La cuccagna": il giornalista aveva preso parte alla presentazione del film e poi era andato a mangiare, con Tenco e Salce, in una trattoria di campagna, fuori Milano. In seguito, Alberico Sala scrisse un articolo di recensione del film, che viene riportato nel nostro sito.
Ecco la sua analisi sulla improvvisa scomparsa di Tenco e il ricordo di quel giorno autunnale di 5 anni prima.
Si noti la citazione del testo di "Ciao amore ciao": stranamente, Alberico Sala non riporta le parole della versione presentata a Sanremo, ma quelle di una versione provvisoria che Tenco aveva scritto in precedenza.
Da "Il Giorno", venerdì 27 gennaio 1967.
Dovevano finire nei juke-boxes: le avremmo ascoltate quest'estate, fra gli ombrelloni, presso il mare. Di colpo, sono diventate il testamento di un artista: la sua vita s'è rotta stanotte, fra i sussulti d'una festa di voci, d'una sagra di vanità, mutatasi in tragedia, per un colpo di pistola, che ha fatto crollare la volta sonora. Leggiamo le parole della sua canzone estrema (che avevamo intrasentito ieri sera, dalla radio, in automobile, fermi ad un semaforo), come se fossero il testo di una qualunque poesia. L'operazione vorrebbe isolarne il valore, ma fra gli strumenti della critica s'insinuano la voce dell'autore, l'immagine del suo volto scavato, i dati neri della cronaca. Una bella canzone, riconosciamolo, proprio per le parole, che, nel contesto delle troppe altre che balbettano rime vietate, immagini da brivido, suggeriscono un paesaggio non oleografico, sentimenti precisi.
Anche l'iterazione del coro, nelle prospettive spalancate dal dramma notturno, riscatta una disperata intensità. Nei versi si colgono gli echi di buone letture, e il canzoniere di Lorca è il più vicino, con le suggestioni gitane.
Sulla rivista che abbiamo fra le mani, la canzone di Tenco è impaginata sotto quella di Lucio Dalla; ha un titolo che turba. "Bisogna saper perdere". Il cantautore un po' scontroso, che scriveva versi, note e poi le cantava, accompagnandosi con la chitarra, l'immagine stessa dell'autosufficienza e dell'autonomia, non ha saputo resistere. Ma la sua morte, s'intuisce, misteriosamente, aveva radici più profonde, forse oltre il terreno fatuo delle canzoni e delle esibizioni in pubblico, dove persino la vita può apparire una povera cosa. "Volevo andar lontano / fra case e ciminiere / dare un senso alla vita...": è una confessione che si trova nella sua ultima canzone.
Con altre parole, in un pomeriggio d'autunno di cinque anni fa, Tenco mi diceva la stessa inquietudine. Era venuto a Milano per la prima del film "La cuccagna", in cui interpretava la parte di un cantastorie protestatario. Con Luciano Salce andammo a pranzo in campagna, in un'osteria che conoscevo, presso un ponte sull'Adda. Poi, con Tenco, ero sceso verso il fiume: sul greto, manovali scavavano la sabbia. Discorremmo di poesia: Tenco s'annotò alcuni titoli di libri che, dicevo, non poteva non conoscere. Parlava a fatica, alle carte letterarie mischiava, inquietamente, quelle della vita; si guardava in giro come allarmato. Un altro brandello della sua canzone: "Ormai la mia vita è una prigione di vetro": così fragile, che è bastato il peso d'un rifiuto a frantumarla.Foot Blister Prevention and Care
There are myriad causes for blisters to form. On the feet alone, reasons might include friction and moisture, fungal infections, allergic reactions, burns, or excessive perspiration. This article summarizes the causes, prevention, and treatment of foot blisters associated with physical activity.
Blisters typically develop due to friction on the skin. This can occur from the rubbing of clothing, shoes, or other sports equipment on the surface layer of the skin and is made worse by moist and warm conditions. Over time, continued friction can cause the upper layer of skin, the epidermis, to separate from the middle layer of skin, the dermis. Fluid then fills the gap and a blister is formed. In most instances this fluid is sterile and harmless; however, infected blisters might become filled with pus while traumatic blisters could contain blood. Blisters are actually formed to protect an area (the pain encourages you to stop whatever is causing the injury while the fluid creates a cushion) but too often we must continue and treatment is required.
The best tactic to deal with blisters is to never have them develop in the first place. To prevent blisters you have to minimize friction on the skin. Strategies for preventing blisters include:
- Inspect your feet daily and identify any "hot spots." If you develop any "hot spots" during activity, it's important to treat them right away to prevent the blister from forming.
- "Breaking in" your footwear. Competing in new shoes that have not been utilized will lead to blisters. Make sure the shoe fits appropriately to avoid excessive moment and can adapt to any swelling that might occur over the course of a race.
- Using moisture-wicking socks made from synthetic blends to reduce friction and moisture on the skin of the feet. Toe socks (i.e., Injinji) can provide an added layer of protection for the toes.
- Utilize a lubricant (i.e., Hydropel) daily. Lubricants can reduce friction and limit moisture that can lead to skin breakdown.
- Consider taping of the foot or toes. A thin paper tape (i.e., hydropore) around each toe can last for days. Make sure you avoid taping between the toes. Stronger tape (i.e., Moleskin, Elasticon) along the base of the foot or heel comes in handy.
If you do get a blister, the goals become to prevent the blister from enlarging and to prevent infection. There are a variety of treatment options:
- Small unbroken blisters that don't cause discomfort should be left to heal on their own; the best protection against infection is your own skin.
- The effects of many early or small blisters, as well as significant “hot spots”, can be diminished by adding a layer of tape over the area or surrounding them with a donut-shaped piece of moleskin to help relieve local pressure.
- Large, painful blisters that are not bloody can be drained with every effort made to preserve the top layer of skin covering the blister. To safely drain a blister, clean the blister and the surrounding area with rubbing alcohol or antibiotic soap and water. Then sterilize a needle over a flame until the tip glows red and allow it to cool. Finally, puncture a very small hole at the base edge of the blister and drain the fluid by applying gentle pressure. Once drained, cover with a bandage. If it looks potentially infected, you could use an antibiotic ointment. Seek medical attention if there is progressive redness or foul smelling discharge from the blister.
Caselli, Mark A., Chen-Vitulli, Jean. Foot Blister Prevention: What You Can Recommend To Athletes. Podiatry Today. Vol 15, Issue #4., Apr 01 2002.
Wilderness Medical Training Center Online. http://www.wildmedcenter.com/home.html. Feb 2009. Sports Medicine @ About.com; http://sportsmedicine.about.com/od/footandankleinjuries/a/Blisters.htm, Feb 2009.
BeginnerTriathalete.com; http://www.beginnertriathlete.com/cms/article-detail.asp?articleid=163, Feb 2009For many Bran Castle may be synonymous with “vampires” or “horror stories” but in reality is more of a beautiful medieval castle than a haunted place.
How did its association with Dracula come by then? We might attribute at least part of the reason to its location. Bran Castle is set in Transylvania region, Romania, close to the city of Brasov. It is perched on a dramatic hilltop above a valley and it is surrounded by a deep green forest, which gives it an air of mystery.
According to Bram Stoker’s book, his character
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توجه قرار داد. بدین ترتیب، او از زاویه یک ریاضیدان و با همان منطق و زبان ریاضیات، ناکامل بودن ذاتی ریاضیات را در شناخت اثبات کرد و بدین ترتیب از لزوم اتکا به حقیقتی فراسوی ساختارهای ریاضی در شناخت جهان خبر داد… .
گودل تا پایان عمر دیگر آمریکا را ترک نکرد. در طول تمامی آن سال ها دوست نزدیکش آلبرت اینشتین بر خود فرض کرده بود تا جایی که می تواند در بهبود وضعیت روانی گودل به او کمک کند. اینشتین هر روز، زمانی را به قدم زدن با گودل می پرداخت. به نظر می رسد که مصاحبت با اینشتین، در بازگرداندن آرامش به روح بی قرار او نقش موثری داشته است.
فرموله کردن استدلال هستی شناختی او در مورد وجود خداوند، از کارهای دیگری بود که توجه بسیاری را به خود جلب کرد. هرچند گودل در ۱۴ژانویه ۱۹۷۸ چشم از این جهان فروبست، اما نتیجه دستاوردهای او در تغییر بنیادهای تفکر انسان، هنوز دوران تولد خود را می گذراند.İki tehlikeli rakip karşı karşıya. Kim kazanır dersiniz?
Bu kareler Güney Afrika’nın Drakensburg Milli Parkı'ında çekildi. Gagasını korkusuzca çakalın burnunun dibine kadar uzatan akbaba kaybeden taraf oldu.
Kendine kafa tutan çakala avı birakan akababa uzaklaşan taraf oldu.
Hayvanlar aleminde fotoğraf karelerine yansıyan bu anlar vahşi doğanın kurallarını açıkça ortaya koyuyor. İşte 2009'da çekilen fotoğraflar arasından "en çok şaşırtan" kareler...Peter va sulla Luna (2022) Streaming
I bambini sono andati molto più in là dei loro genitori nell'esplorazione dello spazio. Il giovane fratello e la sorella viaggiano verso le stelle e in altri mondi. Un giorno si ritrovano in un paese nascosto tra le nuvole, dove incontrano la regina Luna e i suoi sudditi. E quando gli eroi si allontanano troppo, dimenticano come tornare a casa. L'uscita arriva lungo il sentiero lunare, che mostrerà la strada.A renowned violinist and teacher discusses the interpretation of violin repertoire standards, drawing upon 360 musical illustrations and excerpts as well as a lifetime of artistic experience. Suitable for players at all levels, Leopold Auer's dissertation offers suggestions for performance of works by the great composers as well as observations on the techniques of Paganini, Wieniawski, Joachim, and other virtuosos. Helpful hints illuminate the technical minutia of performance, including special bowings, mood and tempo variants, and artistic effects.
Auer begins by introducing the outstanding works of the older Italian violin composers such as Tartini, Corelli, and Vivaldi. He examines Bach's contributions to the repertoire, in addition to works by Mozart, Handel, and Beethoven; innovations by latter-day artists such as Spohr, Vieuxtemps, and Ernst; and the Bruch concertos. Other featured composers include Tchaikovsky, Elgar, Franck, and Sarasate. This classic guide concludes with valuable insights into transcriptions and musical memory.
Reprint of the Carl Fischer, Inc., New York, 1925 edition.Guida alle taglie
Questa guida ti aiuterà a determinare la dimensione del tuo braccialetto KRAVITZ Concept.
Quando si misura il polso, stare il più vicino possibile alla mano (la circonferenza sulla foto è di 15,7 centimetri).
Non hai un metro a nastro?
Usa un pezzo di spago per misurare il polso e appoggialo su un righello per ottenere la misura in pollici o centimetri.
Per favore, non fare riferimento ad altri braccialetti per determinare
la dimensione.
Se hai bisogno di assistenza, puoi sempre inviarci un'e-mail ([email protected]).وی افزود: آگهی های تفکیک شده جنسیتی، درخواست اطلاعات غیر ضروری (عکس شخصی و...)، پیشنهادهای فریبنده و حقوق های غیر متعارف، ممکن است دامی برای متقاضیان کار بوده و درج صرفا یک شماره تلفن یا آدرس های گمراه کننده، دلیل مناسبی برای استعلام از مراجع مربوطه یا بررسی آگاهانه موضوع به شمار می رود.
این مقام انتظامی با بیان اینکه کارآگاهان پلیس آگاهی ناجا به صورت مستمر نسبت به رصد اوضاع اقدام می کنند، گفت: با این وجود، هم میهنان نیز می بایست جوانب احتیاط را رعایت کرده و قبل از هرگونه اقدامی، پیامدهای منفی اعتماد به افراد ناشناس را مورد توجه قرار دهند.
رئیس اداره اجتماعی پلیس آگاهی ناجا در پایان از مردم خواست برای یافتن شغل مناسب به سایت ها و موسسات مشاوره شغلی و کاریابی معتبر و دارای مجوز رسمی از وزارت تعاون، کار و رفاه اجتماعی مراجعه کرده و هرگونه موارد مشکوک را در اسرع وقت با مرکز فوریت های پلیسی ۱۱۰ درمیان بگذارندReuters'in haberine göre, ABD Uzay Kuvvetleri Korgenerali Nina Armagno'ya göre Pekin, askeri uzay teknolojisinde çarpıcı bir başarı elde etti.
Armagno, uzun yıllardır ABD ve Rusya'nın (eski adıyla SSCB) gerisinde kalan Çin'in hızla arayı kapattığını belirtiyor.
General, Çinlilerin uydu iletişim teknolojisinin yanı sıra askeri amaçlar için kullanılabilecek yeniden kullanılabilir uzay araçlarının geliştirilmesinde çok ilerlediğini söyledi.
Bence kesinlikle yetişip bizi geçebilirler (ABD)
Armano dedi.
Ayrıca Amerikalı generale göre Pekin, küçük gezegenlerden ve asteroitlerden doğal kaynakları çıkarmak için teknolojiler geliştiriyor.
Reuters'e göre Pekin, Mars ve Ay'ı, Çin'in kendisine ait olduğunu iddia ettiği Güney Çin Denizi'ndeki tartışmalı adalara bile benzetti.
Armagno, uluslararası düzeni değiştirmeye çalışan tek ülkenin Çin olduğunu vurguladı. Görünüşe göre general, ülkesinin eylemlerini ve planlarını bilmiyor. Ona göre Çin, hedeflerine ulaşmak için ekonomik, askeri ve teknolojik güç kazanıyor.
Çin'in uzay programının 1956 yılına kadar uzandığını hatırlayın. 1970 yılında ilk Çin uydusu fırlatıldı. Bugün Çin, uzay teknolojisinin geliştirilmesinde bir dizi alanda liderliği ele geçirdi. Pekin, hemen hemen her türden uyduya ve çeşitli tasarımlara sahip fırlatma araçlarına sahiptir. Çin şimdiden Ay ve Mars'a gezegenler arası istasyonlar kuruyor.Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimic 1986
The horse-chestnut leafminer Cameraria ohridella Deschka and Dimić, 1986 is a small species of leaf-mining moth in the family Gracillariidae. This species would probably have remained obscure but for its recent dramatic rise into public prominence as a result of a spectacular process of biological invasion in the past 25 years. The basic information given on this page marks the first quarter century of biological invasion of this species, since the first records reported within the type series information (i.e. 8-14 July, 1984). The moth's type locality is 6 km. south of Ohrid (Lake Ohrid) in Macedonia at 705 m. elevation, as reported in the original description (https://www.orleans.inra.fr/content/download/2649/47277/version/1/file/D...). This species has been found to be present as early stages in numerous herbarium collections of native horse-chestnut in Albania and Greece going back to 1879 (Lees et al. 2011). The species has come to wide public recognition in many countries only in the last decade owing to the extreme browning it causes to the white flowered, Common Horse-chestnut tree Aesculus hippocastanum L. (hereafter “horse-chestnut”).
It is relevant to understand the history of this tree species in Europe. This tree derives its latin and common names in several languages from the use of its seeds or their extracts for prevention of equine pulmonary heart disease, coughs or parasites, a practice that dates back to such use in the Ottaman empire centered in Istanbul, which included the Balkans (Lack, 2000; 2002). This tree has been widely planted in European parks and cities since the 1570-80s (it was introduced to Paris around 1615: Augustin, 2005). By 1581, the "Castanea equina" had been introduced to Vienna from Istanbul by Karl Clusius, probably as a present from the Turkish Ambassador David Ungnad Graf von Weissenfels, and likely as a living tree (Lack, 2000). Leaf samples were earlier (1563) sent to Ulysse Aldrovandi in Bologna. In 1795-1798, the tree was first discovered growing naturally in the Pindus Mountains of Greece by English botanist John Hawkins, although it had been widely supposed to be of north Indian origin, as reflected in the French common name "Marronnier d'Inde" (Lack, 2000).
The fact then that the appearance of C. ohridella (and indeed the genus Cameraria) in much of Western Europe has been so recent and dramatic, without earlier detection by entomologists, had made its origin a far greater mystery than that of its hostplant. It was originally thought to be a relict species in the Balkans (Deschka and Dimić, 1986; Pschorn-Walcher, 1994; Grabenweger and Grill, 2000), where the horse-chestnut is considered to be a relict from the Tertiary period (Xiang et al., 1998; Avtzis et al., 2007; Harris et al., 2009). A more recent hypothesis (Hellrigl, 1998; 2001) was that the moth is an example of a sudden host plant shift to horse-chestnut, probably from maple or sycamore (Acer spp.), maybe combined with long distance translocation (Kenis et al., 2006; but see also under Origin). Another hypothesis was that this species may have originated in North America (e.g. Kenis et al., 2005), but this was not considered likely, despite the high Cameraria diversity in this region (52 out of 74 described species: Grabenweger and Grill, 2000; de Prins and de Prins, 2005), because of the lack of close relatives of Old World species in the New World and the good knowledge of the North American fauna (Kumata, 1963; Pschorn-Walcher, 1997). The finding of larvae and pupae in the conspicuous mines of this species on herbarium specimens that were collected in remote parts of the southern Balkans by some of the earliest botanical explorations of the region, for example by Theodor Heldreich whose distributed botanical duplicates (from an 1879 collection) contained the earliest known caterpillars of the species (Lees et al. 2011), rules out these hypotheses and clearly shows a Balkan origin for a moth, whose genus was also not previously known to occur in Europe..
Small moth, adults around 3.5 mm in forewing length, orange-brown with basal white longitudinal streak and four whitish bent or interrupted fasciae edged in black, fringed towards dorsum (Figs 3, 4). Hindwings greyish brown, long-fringed on both sides. Head orange-tufted. Antennae over 4/5 forewing length. Legs equally banded white and black. Mines easily recognised as multiple conspicuous whitish yellow and brown blotches on surface of horse-chestnut leaves that cause significant browning towards the end of the summer (Fig. 1).
Conservation and Management
The species is invasive and not threatened. See also under management.
The most effective control measures are for trees to be completely removed, or, more cheaply, for the leaves to be carefully swept up and incinerated, but this may be difficult for plants in rough herbage or on private land, and must be done before adult emergence e.g. by the end of March (Kehrli and Bacher 2004). One effective chemical control measure is the injection of the insecticide imidacloprid ("Gaucho", "Admire") in the trunk or soil (Buszko, 2006; Percival et al., 2011) but however this is banned in some countries due to high toxicity to bees. Lufox 105 EC (Syngenta) which includes Fenoxycarb, an inhibitor of chitin synthesis, and also with a relatively low (WHO class III) level of environmental toxicity, has been successfully used combined with a surfactant Cide-Kick II in spraying, with 98-100% mortality to pupae and can be combined successfully with manual leaf removal measures (Syeryebryennikov, 2008). Whilst a synthetic pheromone is successful in catching males (http://www.uochb.cas.cz/~natur/cameraria/chemec.htm), until now pheromone traps have not been shown to provide effective control (Svatoš et al. 2009). The spreading moths have been successful themselves in recruiting generalist members of the local parasitoid community.
Biocontrol measures using parasitoids have so far not proved successful, owing to the lack of specialist parasitoids so far being detected in natural horse-chestnut stands in the Balkans, a possible exception being the eulophid parasitoid wasp Pediobius saulius, whose attacks are much more prevalent in Balkan populations of Cameraria ohridella than elsewhere in Europe (Kenis et al., 2005).
For monitoring, a system of pheromone traps and Rothamsted traps are used in many places in Europe (Kindl et al., 2002, Augustin et al., 2004, 2009).
Not legislated. However, the deliberate transport of any living stage needs to be strongly discouraged.
The species is not generally considered to need conservation management except for its control. However, the discovery of unique, not yet invasive haplotypes in remote parts of the Balkans (Valade et al., 2009) might alter this viewpoint. In fact also the hostplant is red-listed in Albania (see under Threats). Most mitochondrial races in the Balkans appear to be narrowly endemic including in Albania. The today dominant (and perhaps more invasive) haplotype A may already have been swamping some natural populations, for example in Karitsa, Ossa Mountain, E. Greece. Haplotype frequency changes in the population at Karitsa, evidenced by a series of herbarium samples from 1936 to 1981, seem to have been caused by vehicular transport of the moth (Gilbert et al. 2004) aided by late road development in the Balkans (Lees et al. 2011). It is noteworthy that some hard of access sites, such as Perivoli in Greece, contain populations with remarkable genetic diversity: Valade et al. (2009) reported 11 mitochondrial haplotypes from Perivoli.
The moth is a major threat to the white-flowered horse-chestnut as an amenity tree and source of conkers for childrens' games (which are traditional in the UK), not because it kills the trees (the attacks have not caused tree mortality in the last 15 years and they can still usually produce conkers, although of lesser weight) (Thalman et al., 2003; Percival et al. 2011), but because councils are increasingly replacing the trees with other species whose aesthetic value is not affected. In some towns, it can be expected that local authorities will quickly remove all trees. There is evidence trees can adjust to heavy attack by increasing the hydraulic efficiency of the wood thus ameliorating the water and the nutrient supply to leaves (Salleo et al., 2003). Leaf palisade tissue that is severely affected by leaf-mining damage seems to be largely by-passed in the horse-chestnut's resilient hydraulic system. C. ohridella had no effect on the hydraulic resistance of leaves, which are also largely buffered from seasonal changes in water flow (Nardini et al. 2010),
The overall impact of the leaf-miner on planted horse-chestnut has been evaluated.and is nevertheless quite severe. The leaf-miner can cause halving of conker weight and also up to 48% reduction in growth and germination rates, and 16-98% loss in photosynthetic energy from late June to September with premature leaf loss (Percival et al., 2011). Photosynthetic activity early in the growing season before the onset of substantial leaf-miner damage is thus critical for the horse-chestnut to cope and furnish enough energy for leaf flush, expansion, starch storage and for some seed development. Overall, the damage is largely of an aesthetic nature, but also has long-term effects on the plant's reproductive capacity (Percival et al., 2011).
Although oviposition can occur on other species of Aesculus, some species like red-flowered horse-chestnuts (A. x carnea) are not seriously affected and are not conducive to larval survival and development. The larva can however develop on the sister species of the white flowered horse-chestnut, A. turbinata (Xiang et al., 1998; Grabenweger and Grill, 2000) and various American species that are not widely planted in Europe such as A. octandra, A. glabra, A. sylvatica and A. pavia (Grabenweger and Grill, 2000; Freise et al.,
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passare suonando il clacson come se avesse vinto la Champions League, mi ha fatto ricordare quel uomo che per far dispetto alla moglie si tagliò gli attributi.
Infatti, fino a prova contraria, i candidati che hanno sconfitto il CentroDestra, Pisapia a Milano e De Magistris a Napoli, hanno sconfitto, e pesantemente, i candidati proposti dal PD come del resto era successo in Puglia con Vendola e in tante altre parti.
De Magistris in particolare ha espressamente rifiutato l’apparentamento con il PD e si è dichiarato agli elettori uomo di Sinistra ma in lizza sia contro la Destra che contro la Sinistra rappresentata dal PD, Partito che a Napoli passa da 14 a 5 consiglieri andando all’opposizione per i prossimi 5 anni mentre una confusa macedonia politica cercherà di governare la Città.
Il povero Boschini ugualmente non si è accorto che il PD ha perso voti e percentuali imbarazzanti un poco dappertutto e se Atene/PDL piange, Sparta/PD non ha motivo di festeggiare la vittoria dei suoi concorrenti a Sinistra.
Il “vecchio” PCI, Partito da cui molti dei suoi amici provengono, non avrebbe mai festeggiato la nascita di forti concorrenti alla sua Sinistra come SEL o IdV; e nessuno di loro avrebbe apprezzato un Boschini che si tagliava gli attributi felice di farlo, strombettando per richiamare l’attenzione su questo suo, evidentemente felice, travaglio.我们只用绿色的食品原料
欧宝体育APP零食加工厂，只为您的健康着想
据美国木材产业协会的统计数据指出，美国的热带锯材进口已从2001年的23.1615万立方米减少到2006年的35.3985万立方米，但2006年与2005年比起，美国热带锯材的进口急剧上升，比2005年的水平增加5.5万立方米，上升了24%。 2006年，四分之三的美国热带木材的进口来自中南美洲，四分之一则来自亚洲，来自非洲的将近10%。
同年，巴西对美出口为3.6204万立方米，比2001年上升43%。虽然巴西主要出口产品是由较低廉的树种加工而出，可是巴西在美国热带木材进口市场份额上居首位。尽管如此，2006年巴西对美国的热带材出口比2001年还是上升。 在过去的5年里，玻利维亚减少热带锯材对美的出口，虽然玻利维亚桃花心木的出口仍然上升。
在所有出口到美国的热带木材中，柚木尤为便宜，其平均价为每立方米1 695美元。但是柚木价格从2001年以来上升了25%，而同期美国总热带锯材价格指数减少了7%。
厄瓜多尔在美国热带材进口市场的份额从2001年的3.9%上升到2006年的19.2%。虽然2006年美国进口厄瓜多尔热带材为3.3915万立方米，比2001年的1.0713万立方米快速增长200%，但是比2004年却上升。 美国对秘鲁热带材的进口从2001年以来急剧下降。2006年进口量为1.7727万立方米，其中7000 立方米为桃花心木木材。
虽然2006年秘鲁在美国热带锯材的进口份额中在量上占到10%，但进口额上占到16%，为2120万美元，主要原因是进口的主要为价高的桃花心木。 拉丁美洲以外的马来西亚在美国热带材进口份额中从2001年的12%上升到2006年的11%。从马来西亚出口到美国的木材以红柳福（red meranti）和龙脑香（keruing）居多。
与木材出口量大大上升忽略，马来西亚在2001年到2006年期间红柳福的出口在减少。
本文来源：欧宝体育APP-www.rongtaijx.comSettimane prima che scoppi la polemica con il numero uno al mondo Ale Galan, il promotore sudamericano di World Padel Tour Lisandro Borges ha rilasciato un'intervista a Il terzo per dare la sua visione sull'ascesa del padel e il posto che la disciplina occupa in relazione al tennis.
Dopo aver parlato del prossimo Chile Open che si svolgerà questa settimana a Santiago, ha detto Lisandro Borges a proposito dell'evoluzione del padel in relazione al tennis: “Penso che il tennis a livello amatoriale sia sulla via dell'estinzione. L'anno scorso, in Cile, 1 appezzamenti di padel sono stati costruiti. Quest'anno saranno 1. Vi garantisco che non sono stati costruiti nemmeno 300 campi da tennis, a meno che non siano stati costruiti in casa privata di qualcuno."
"A livello amatoriale, il padel ho mangiato il tennis per la sua facilità, per la sua natura inclusiva e dinamica, ma soprattutto per la facilità con cui si può iniziare a giocarlo. Per giocare a tennis devi prendere lezioni per un anno e ti costerà sempre qualcosa. Oggi alle padel, quattro persone che non hanno mai impugnato una racchetta in vita loro sono scese in pista il primo giorno e si stanno divertendo, si stanno divertendo ed è impagabile."
“Le rivalità qui non esistono. Il tennis è uno sport meraviglioso con molta storia e il padel ha ancora molti anni davanti a sé prima di diventare quello che è il tennis, ma a livello amatoriale, grazie a quanto vi ho appena raccontato, lo ha già superato praticamente in tutti i paesi del mondo, ad eccezione degli States-United. "
Trovi l'intervista completa a Lisandro Borges sul sito di Il terzo.
Un giocatore di tennis competitivo, Martin ha scoperto il padel nel 2015 in Alsazia ed è apparso in alcuni tornei a Parigi. Oggi giornalista, si occupa di cronaca padel pur continuando la sua ascesa nel mondo della pallina gialla!You may have noticed that few people in our hobby have just one pet reptile. It’s more common to have a personal collection than to have a reptile as a family pet. Whether the normalization of borderline-hoarding behavior is a good thing for our hobby is a discussion for another day. Today we’re discussing one of the most commonly overlooked issues in multiple-reptile households: how to quarantine reptiles.
This article is a guest submission from Liam Sinclair, author of the Reptiles And Research channel on YouTube. Watch/listen to the article via the link above, or you can experience the written version below:
One of the most overlooked aspects of this hobby — especially considering that most people here have more than one pet reptile — is good reptile quarantine procedures. Many keepers even have dedicated reptile rooms, making the process of quarantine even more important, as tales of mass infestations of snake mites are all too common.
Thanks to the COVID-19 pandemic, I think we’re all familiar with the word “quarantine” by now. We’ve become much more familiar with the concept of quarantine in reference to ourselves, but what about our reptiles? Do they need quarantining?
COVID-19 may not be a concern in regard to reptiles, but there are other diseases that proper reptile quarantine procedures enable us to monitor and address. In the same way that people get quarantined and tested for diseases before being allowed to make contact with the general population, new additions to reptile collections need to be isolated and screened for disease before being allowed anywhere near our other reptiles.
Observing appropriate quarantine protocols is an essential part of being a responsible reptile keeper and prioritizing the long-term welfare of the animals in our care.
What is Quarantine?
Quarantine is a period of time in which a new reptile is kept in isolation from the rest of the collection. During this period, the new addition is observed and tested for viral infections, parasites, and other health issues, and treated accordingly. This ensures a clean bill of health before the animal becomes fully integrated into the collection.
- Reptiles that are housed in a naturalistic setup may also be switched to quarantine conditions in order to facilitate the healing of serious injuries or to treat an infestation of mites.
How to Quarantine Reptiles — Best Practices
1. Keep new arrivals in a separate room.
Ideally speaking, all new arrivals should be kept in a separate room from the rest of the collection.
If for some reason it is impossible to keep the new reptile in a separate room, then it is acceptable to keep the newcomer in the same room as the rest of the collection. However, hygiene will need to be extra strict in order to biologically isolate the reptile from the rest of the collection as much as possible.
2. Observe strict hygiene.
The risk of cross contamination during this period is of upmost concern and we as keepers must be vigilant. Strict biosecurity measures include the use of disposable gloves, and/or strict hand hygiene such as washing hands or using an alcohol-based hand sanitizer between interactions with the new reptile(s) and the rest of the collection.
The quarantined animal needs to have its own dedicated equipment. That includes snake hooks, feeding tongs, cleaning utensils — the lot.
Similarly, do not “recycle” any uneaten food or live food that has been in contact with quarantined animals to the main collection, as this poses a major risk of cross contamination. In the case of live feeders, humanely euthanise and dispose of them instead.
It is best to tend to quarantined reptiles last, as the keeper should move from healthy animals to the potentially infected, rather than the reverse. Some sources go so far as to suggest changing clothes and even taking a shower after interacting with quarantined reptiles.
And of course, the quarantined reptile’s enclosure should be kept as clean as possible. Use a disposable substrate like paper towels and disinfect all surfaces regularly with an appropriate disinfectant. F10SC and chlorhexidine are frequently used by vets, but bleach solution also works well (diluted to 1/2 cup per gallon), and a 5% ammonia solution is known to be particularly effective against stubborn coccidia and Cryptosporidia. NEVER mix cleaning agents, and make sure the enclosure airs out completely before reintroducing the reptile.
3. Have the new reptile examined by an experienced reptile veterinarian.
If possible, schedule a check-up with an experienced reptile veterinarian. This check-up will generally involve weighing and a conversation about how you would like to proceed with the screening process. Basic faecal screenings are the absolute minimum of the testing you will need to do on a new addition. Cost varies — it can be as little as £8 in the UK, but in the US it tends to be more expensive.
Other potential screenings include haematology, biochemistry, and infectious disease screening. These detect potential problems such as herpesvirus, sunshine virus, ferlavirus, and adenovirus. If you have a large collection, particularly with rare or expensive animals, all of these additional, “optional” tests are strongly advisable.
In the case of certain species that get excessively stressed by unnecessary handling and transport, such as leaf-tailed geckos (Uroplatus spp.), note that the faecal screenings can usually be performed simply with a sample from the reptile’s enclosure and without causing the new addition undue stress.
4. Pay attention.
During reptile quarantine, you will be spending most of your time observing the animal for symptoms of disease or other health concerns (aside from routine disinfection). This is the main reason why clinical set ups use a paper towel or similar substrate with minimal decor, so that mites and faecal matter can be easily observed.
Of course, keeping reptiles in such minimalist conditions compromises the welfare of the animal, so once you have received the all-clear on parasites, you can upgrade the quarantine enclosure a bit. For example, some keepers will introduce a naturalistic substrate once they are comfortable that the risk of reinfection with parasites is minimal.
It’s considered good practice to keep a detailed diary or ledger of observations for each of the animals in your collection. However this is especially important during quarantine. These notes create records of the exact time and date symptoms were noticed by the keeper, which allows the keeper and their vet to identify signs of ill health at an early stage. Being able to provide as much relevant data to our veterinarians as possible helps them make more informed decisions.
5. Move on when appropriate.
Once the new reptile shows no symptoms of ill health and medical testing comes back clean, then the animal is healthy and the keeper can progress to a full setup. Sources vary on exactly how long this takes, but 3-6 months is generally a good length. Incidentally, this is also a very good amount of time to get a bioactive enclosure prepared and established.
Generally speaking, wild-caught (WC) reptiles should be quarantined and screened for longer than captive-bred (CB/CBB) individuals, as some diseases carried by WC reptiles can take months to manifest. Some keepers with large collections quarantine over a year.
Even after the reptile quarantine period is over, it’s important to be aware of and actively prevent cross-contamination in your collection. If you have a reptile-keeping friend over and they visit your reptile room, there’s potential for cross-contamination. If you visit a pet shop that sells reptiles, then walk into your reptile room, there’s potential for cross-contamination. If you attend a reptile expo, then walk into your reptile room afterward, there’s potential for cross-contamination.
This is something that many of us, including myself, often don’t consider.
In the case of one very advanced keeper I consulted, they avoid reptile substrates entirely, sticking to non-reptile specific products such as children’s play sand, coir blocks for gardening, and organic topsoil. All of these products are not stored anywhere near snakes, and therefore are unlikely to be potentially harbouring snake mites. This is something that I have started doing also — during my days working in a reptile shop, I had to deal with snake mites far too many times. Play sand and topsoil are far cheaper materials anyway, and are in my opinion better substrates.
Performing even basic hygiene — such as cleansing your hands with hand sanitizer — before and between interactions with the reptiles in your collection is better than being overconfident and potentially paying the price. Changing clothes or even showering after attending a reptile expo in particular should be considered.
Some may say:
“What’s the point?”
“Why bother with all of this quarantine nonsense?”
“It’s over the top — it’s only a pet.”
I believe we must take ourselves as reptile keepers more seriously. We need carry with us a sense of responsibility and maturity if we are to advance this hobby into an era of better care. I believe we must act with utmost respect for these exotic creatures and put our best foot forward wherever possible — even if you do consider it “just a pet”. And one of the ways we can do that is by knowing how to quarantine reptiles properly.
About the author:
Liam Sinclair is a keen reptile owner who has worked as a zookeeper as well as in a specialist reptile shop in the UK. He is currently pursuing a degree in Animal Management, and he currently runs the YouTube channel, Reptiles and Research. His goal is to help people achieve higher welfare for their animals.
This article was edited by Mariah Healey.Wednesday, February 1, 2012
BOOK: Anthony Carnovale's "In Full Uniform"
In 2006 Carnovale released ‘In Full Uniform’. Though the main character’s name is Jesse, the book tells Greg’s story and is dedicated to the teen. “I knew it was a good story. The initial response was absolutely fantastic, but I didn’t want it to go to my head too much,” said Carnovale, noting that initially those he heard feedback from were friends, students, and those who had known Greg – a bit of a biased bunch. But then, after a large series in a national daily newspaper, response started coming in from strangers across the country. The book is standard reading for staff of the Dufferin-Peel Catholic District School Board and is available in school libraries across the Board. Due to popular demand, it was re-released at the end of 2010 and is now available on amazon.ca and chapters.ca. “They all know how it ends… the story is how he got there,” Carnovale explained. Different people will interpret literature in different ways, and the librarian thinks that sometimes readers miss his most important take away message. It’s not that kids can be mean, although they can be. It’s that people can be mean, and that adults need to acknowledge and deal with their own role as bullies (Bolton teacher tackles bullying in book).
Bullying is an abusive treatment, the use of force or coercion to affect others, particularly when habitual and involving an imbalance of power. It may involve verbal harassment, physical assault or coercion and may be directed persistently towards particular victims, perhaps on grounds of race, religion, gender, sexuality, or ability. The "imbalance of power" may be social power and/or physical power. The victim of bullying is sometimes referred to as a "targeted individual" (Wikipedia).The energy demands of our rapidly improving society have been being growing for decades. These energy demands are fulfilled mainly by burning of fossil energy sources. However the effects of global warming, climate changing and energy crisis urge the expansion of new and alternative methods of energy generation without any delays. One of them is the solar radiation which is uniquely important and inexhaustible source of energy that we are able to convert into heat with solar collector and into electronic energy with PV-p
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proprie opere, quindi, a parte alcuni generici elementi simbolici, l'intera rappresentazione si basa sui testi canonici e l'innografia.
Il Cristo occupa come ovvio il centro della scena, nudo, come è nudo l'uomo alla nascita, e di una rinascita si parla.
La sua mano destra è piegata nel segno della benedizione.
Su di Lui un raggio giunge dall'alto, in esso appare la colomba rappresentante lo Spirito Santo. Il raggio giunge dal cielo dove un elemento geometrico prende il posto del Padre non rappresentabile, perché mai visto da alcuno (in alcune icone moderne questi è in realtà raffigurato nella consueta sembianza di uomo anziano).
Sulla destra dell'icona degli angeli, con le mani velate in segno di adorazione, rappresentano le nature angeliche.
Nelle acque del fiume, in cui nuotano dei pesci - non si tratta di un tratto naturalistico, bensì di un simbolo di vita: le acque vive - appaiono una o a volte due figure, un uomo con il capo rivolto all'indietro ed una donna a cavallo di un mostro marino. Sono il Giordano ed il mare, (in greco mare - thalassa - è femminile).
L'uomo ha il capo rivolto all'indietro secondo la voce del salmista: Il mare vide e fuggì, il Giordano si volse indietro.
In secondo piano appaiono a volte due fanciulli: sono i due affluenti del Giordano.
Nella parte inferiore spicca un arboscello, una ascia si trova presso le sue radici; "Già la scure è posta alla radice degli alberi. Ogni albero che non dà buon frutto sarà tagliato e gettato nel fuoco"
La festa della presentazione del Signore al Tempio è probabilmente di origine gerosolimitana, ne dà notizia infatti Egeria nel IV sec. Era celebrata 40 giorni dopo l'Epifania, cioè il 14 febbraio. Solo successivamente fu spostata al 2.
Il nome greco della festa è Hypapantì: Incontro, in quanto l'aspetto fondamentale della festa è l'incontro tra l'uomo nuovo, il Cristo e l'uomo vecchio Simeone.
E' festa despotica, ovvero del Signore: in oriente non ha mai assunto quel significato mariano che ha assunto in occidente.
L'icona rappresenta il breve brano evangelico di Luca, l'incontro di Cristo con Simeone.
Al centro della scena è la Vergine, in atto di porgere il Bambino a Simeone che lo accoglie con le mani velate in segno di adorazione. Dietro di lei è S. Giuseppe. Della scena fa parte anche la profetessa Anna.
Sullo sfondo un baldacchino e delle strutture rappresentano il Tempio in cui si svolge la scena, ma che è rappresentato con le caratteristiche di una chiesa bizantina.
La festa dell'Annunciazione della Santissima Madre di Dio e sempre Vergine Maria è una delle maggiori feste dell'anno liturgico bizantino.
Il Concilio del Trullo (can. LII) ricorda che in essa al pari dei sabati e delle domeniche della Grande Quaresima si celebra la Divina Liturgia di S. Giovanni Crisostomo anziché quella dei Presantificati in uso negli altri giorni. E' una festa despotica, - del Signore - non Theomitorica.
La scena dell'Annunciazione viene spesso rappresentata sui due battenti della porta bella dell'iconostasi dove assume un duplice significato simbolico.
Da un lato costituisce l'ingresso nel santuario, come l'Incarnazione in essa rappresentata costituisce l'ingresso dell'Umanità nella vita nuova, l'inizio del nuovo patto.
Dall'altro è alla base di quella serie di immagini / eventi che attraverso la scena dell'Ultima Cena - collocata di solito al disopra di essa - e passando per la crocifissione alla sommità dell'iconostasi giunge alla gloria del Pantocratore, al centro della calotta absidale o della cupola.
L'angelo dalle vesti fluttuanti reca in mano il bastone proprio dei messaggeri, l'altra mano è nel segno della benedizione: due dita piegate ad indicare le due nature del Cristo e le altre tre che simboleggiano la SS.ma Trinità.
La Vergine in atteggiamento tra lo stupefatto, il timoroso ed il ritroso è avvolta nel maforion scuro, simbolo di umiltà: è la terra arata pronta a ricevere il seme da far fruttificare.
E' seduta su un trono dorato collocato sopra una pedana ed i suoi piedi calzati di porpora, simbolo di regalità, sono posti su di un piedistallo che la innalza al disopra della natura angelica.
La Vergine sta filando la porpora della tenda del tempio come narrano gli Apocrifi.
Dal cielo scende un raggio che non è di luce, ma di ombra, secondo l'Evangelista: "Lo Spirito Santo scenderà su di te, su di te stenderà la sua ombra la potenza dell'Altissimo."
L'icona ricorda quella della nascita di Maria di cui ripete l'impianto generale: la madre coricata sul letto, le serventi che l'attorniano e preparano il bagno per l'infante.
La particolarità è data dalla presenza di un uomo che seduto scrive: è Zaccaria, il padre del profeta.
Narra Luca (1, 18-20)
Zaccaria disse all'angelo: «Come posso conoscere questo? Io sono vecchio e mia moglie è avanzata negli anni». L'angelo gli rispose: «Io sono Gabriele che sto al cospetto di Dio e sono stato mandato a portarti questo lieto annunzio. Ed ecco, sarai muto e non potrai parlare fino al giorno in cui queste cose avverranno, perché non hai creduto alle mie parole, le quali si adempiranno a loro tempo».
E quindi (1, 59-64):
All'ottavo giorno vennero per circoncidere il bambino e volevano chiamarlo col nome di suo padre, Zaccaria. Ma sua madre intervenne: «No, si chiamerà Giovanni». Le dissero: «Non c'è nessuno della tua parentela che si chiami con questo nome». Allora domandavano con cenni a suo padre come voleva che si chiamasse. Egli chiese una tavoletta, e scrisse: «Giovanni è il suo nome». Tutti furono meravigliati. In quel medesimo istante gli si aprì la bocca e gli si sciolse la lingua, e parlava benedicendo Dio.
Nell'icona liturgica - quella esposta per la festa sull'analoghion davanti all'iconostasi - i Santi sono rappresentati assieme secondo due varianti:
Nella prima i due Apostoli sorreggono un edificio, non si tratta di una chiesa, ma della Chiesa, quella Chiesa che hanno assieme fondato.
La seconda icona rappresenta l'abbraccio tra i due Santi.
Anche se nell'iconografia bizantina i due Apostoli sono privi dei due attributi, le chiavi e la spada, che li contraddistinguono in quella occidentale, i due santo sono sufficientemente caratterizzati da essere riconoscibili tra gli altri personaggi anche nelle icone festive in cui appaiono.
S. Pietro è sempre rappresentato con i capelli ricci e la barba corta arrotondata, entrambi bianchi.
S. Paolo è rappresentato con la barba lunga e a punta di colore castano come i capelli, spesso ridotti ad una corona.
E' una caratterizzazione molto antica che si ritrova già nelle catacombe romane
Il giorno successivo alla commemorazione dei ss. Pietro e Paolo vengono commemorati collettivamente i 12 apostoli, ognuno dei quali peraltro ha la propria commemorazione individuale.
Dionisio di Fournà cosi ne codifica la caratterizzazione:
San Pietro: vegliardo, barba tondeggiante. Ha in mano una lettera da cui dice: «Pietro, apostolo di Gesù Cristo».
San Paolo: calvo, barba grigia e affusolata. Egli tiene in mano le sue epistole arrotolate e legate insieme.
San Giovanni il Teologo: vegliardo, calvo, la barba ampia e poco fitta.
San Matteo Evangelista: vegliardo, la barba folta. Egli tiene in mano il Vangelo.
San Luca Evangelista: giovane, capelli crespi e barba rada. Egli dipinge la Madre di Dio.
San Marco Evangelista: capelli grigi e barba tondeggiante. Egli regge il Vangelo.
Sant'Andrea: vegliardo, capelli ricci e barba separata in due. Egli porta una croce e un cartiglio non svolto.
San Simone lo zelota: vegliardo, calvo, la barba tondeggiante.
San Giacomo: giovane, barba abbozzata.
San Bartolomeo: giovane, barba abbozzata.
San Tommaso: giovane e imberbe.
San Filippo: giovane e imberbe.
Tutti questi personaggi tengono in mano dei cartigli non srotolati.
La festa della Trasfigurazione - Metamorfosis - è antica - si è diffusa nel V sec. - ma posteriore alla festa dell'Esaltazione della Ss.ma Croce come dimostra la data in cui è celebrata, 40 giorni prima del 14 settembre, in quanto essa si sarebbe verificata secondo la tradizione 40 giorni prima della Crocifissione.
La rappresentazione della scena è antica, già nel VI ne appaiono raffigurazioni musive nelle absidi di Parenzo, S. Apollinare in Classe a Ravenna e nel monastero di S. Caterina del monte Sinai.
L'icona, che fa parte in genere del ciclo delle "dodici feste" è per consuetudine la prima icona che un iconografo "scrive" come inizio della propria carriera.
La rappresentazione è basata essenzialmente sui Vangeli Canonici, in particolare quello scelto dalla liturgia è Mt. XVII, 1-9.
Nel corso del tempo anche questa icona ha ovviamente subito modificazioni.
Un'icona più complessa, che commenterò, è questa del XV sec.
La figura si staglia su un triplice sfondo: un cerchio esterno è la nuvola in cui Dio ha parlato a Mosè, l'interno scuro è la "tenebra luminosa" simbolo dell'oscurità della fede e l'esperienza della prossimità di Dio.
Tre raggi verso l'altro - verso le schiere angeliche - e altri tre rivolti verso il basso - verso gli apostoli - si intrecciano in due triangoli che formano una stella a sei punte.
A sinistra è Elia - i Profeti.
A destra è Mosè - la Legge - rappresentata dai libri che tiene in mano. Secondo una tradizione anche Mosè sarebbe stato assunto in cielo al pari di Elia.
Nella fascia centrale dell'icona due scene: a sinistra la salita di Cristo con i discepoli al monte Tabor, a destra la discesa.
In entrambi i casi il gruppo è inquadrato in una grotta. I significati simbolici di questa sono molteplici, ma interconnessi. Gli antichi filosofi consideravano la grotta simbolo del mondo sensibile e S Gregorio di Nissa ricorre al simbolo della grotta per esprimere il mistero dell'Incarnazione. In basso gli Apostoli atterrati dal fulgore della scena in alto di cui non riescono a sostenere la visione.
Tutti i personaggi sono senza calzari, perché il suolo del Tabor è considerato sacro come quello del monte Sinai.
Un altra icona che voglio mostrare è questa rara icona portatile musiva anche essa di fattura costantinopolitana della fine del XII sec.
La Dormizione - kimesis in greco - è la principale festa mariana del mondo bizantino.
Di origine certamente orientale, probabilmente gerosolimitana, l'imperatore Maurizio (582-602) ne ordinò la celebrazione in tutto il territorio dell'impero.
Apostoli, qui radunati dai confini della terra,
nel podere del Getsemani
seppellite il mio corpo.
E tu, mio Figlio e Dio,
accogli il mio spirito.
(Exapostilarion della grande paraklisis)
Nessuno dei testi canonici descrive il termine della vita terrena della Santa Madre di Dio. L'iconografia, come l'innografia del resto, è basata sulla tradizione e sugli apocrifi.
Secondo questi, la Vergine, informata della sua prossima morte, avrebbe mandato a chiamare gli apostoli, che come dice l'exapostilarion citato, sarebbero giunti, portati su nubi, da tutti gli angoli della terra per riunirsi nel Getsemani ad attendere l'arrivo del Signore che sarebbe disceso scortato dagli angeli per accogliere lo spirito della Madre.
Per un commento farò riferimento a questa icona di Domenico Theotokopulos (El Greco):
Gli apostoli sono giunti da tutte le parti della terra, in alto si vedono le nubi condotte da angeli che li stanno trasportando, ed in basso gli stessi esprimono il loro dolore attorno al letto funebre a capo del quale si riconosce Pietro, mentre Paolo è all'altra estremità.
Tra gli Apostoli appaiono alcune donne e due Vescovi: sono Dionigi l'Aeropagita e Ieroteo vescovo di Atene, entrambi discepoli di Paolo.
Le case di Sion inquadrano la scena.
Il Signore accoglie tra le sue braccia l'anima della Madre che appare in forma di infante. La sta per affidare a Michele perché la porti in paradiso. Nel contempo ordina agli angeli di prelevare anche il corpo e di condurre anche quello su in alto e di deporlo sotto l'Albero della Vita. E' questa la scena raffigurata nella parte alta dell'icona.
In questa specifica icona il Signore è chinato verso la Madre, più spesso è ritto in posizione frontale, rendendo più evidente la schema del tau rovesciato proprio dell'iconografia. Il Cristo di trova all'incrocio tra l'asse verticale del cielo e quello orizzontale della terra. La Madre, coricata sul suo letto di morte sembra raffigurare una nave su cui accoglie gli Apostoli, la nave della Chiesa.
Anche questo mosaico del XII sec. è opera di un maestro bizantino.
Nota
Questa iconografia non era esclusiva del mondo bizantino, ma era usuale anche in quello occidentale. Si vedano a titolo di esempio la scena facente parete della storie della Vergine del Cavallini in Santa Maria in Trastevere a Roma della fine del XIII sec. e quella contemporanea in Santa Maria Maggiore.
Nonostante l'importanza della festa nel calendario bizantino, l'icona relativa non è frequente.
Nessuno dei testi canonici ci narra l'evento, solo il cosiddetto Protoevangelo di san Giacomo lo descrive. Ad esso si ispirano le icone.
La scena rappresenta un quadretto di vita quotidiana. E' collocata in un ambiente agiato, come si vede dagli edifici e dal letto riccamente decorato su cui riposa sant'Anna affiancata da Giacchino. Entrambi sono avvolti nel nimbo della santità.
Una servente - le braccia nude sono simbolo di servitù - porge alla puerpera dei generi di conforto tra cui un calice e tre uova, simbolo queste ultime di fecondità e rinnovamento. Ovviamente il numero ricorda la Trinità.
Nella parte bassa dell'icona la levatrice saggia l'acqua per il bagno della neonata. Questa ha già il nimbo della santità ed è affiancata dalla scritta: M(ìti)r Th(eo)ù - Madre di Dio.
L'icona della Festa rappresenta il vescovo di Gerusalemme Macario, rivestito del polistavrion - il felonion a croci ricamate anticamente prerogativa dei vescovi - che innalza la croce al cospetto della popolazione della città. In talune icone sono dettagliatamente descritti i vari ceti della popolazione, nobili, clero, studiosi...
Tra i presenti spicca ovviamente l'imperatrice Elena, autrice della scoperta della Vera Croce, meno ovviamente è raffigurato anche il figlio: l'imperatore Costantino che non sarebbe stato presente, ma che la Chiesa Bizantina ha santificato e ricorda sempre assieme alla madre.
In un certo senso dimentica del rapporto madre figlio, la Chiesa bizantina e la pietà popolare li ricordano come protettori del matrimonio e degli sposi.
7 [1] "Per la bambina passavano intanto i mesi. Giunta che fu l'età di due anni, Gioacchino disse a Anna: "Per mantenere la promessa fatta, conduciamola al tempio del Signore, affinché il Padrone non mandi contro di noi e la nostra offerta riesca sgradita". Anna rispose: "Aspettiamo il terzo anno, affinché la bambina non cerchi poi il padre e la madre". Gioacchino rispose: "Aspettiamo". [2] Quando la bambina compì i tre anni, Gioacchino disse: "Chiamate le figlie senza macchia degli Ebrei: ognuna prenda una fiaccola accesa e la tenga accesa affinché la bambina non si volti indietro e il suo cuore non sia attratto fuori del tempio del Signore". Quelle fecero così fino a che furono salite nel tempio del Signore. Il sacerdote l'accolse e, baciatala, la benedisse esclamando: "Il Signore ha magnificato il tuo nome in tutte le generazioni. Nell'ultimo giorno, il Signore manifesterà in te ai figli di Israele la sua redenzione". [3] La fece poi sedere sul terzo gradino dell'altare, e il Signore Iddio la rivestì di grazia; ed ella danzò con i suoi piedi e tutta la casa di Israele prese a volerle bene."
Questo brano del Protovangelo di Giacomo è l'ispiratore dell'icona della Festa.
La scena è collocata tra gli edifici: è
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processi di atrofia con riduzione dello spessore e dell’elasticità. Infine, queste modificazioni diventano tali da coinvolgere i tessuti periorali e cambiare il viso del paziente. L’età maggiormente coinvolta dall’edentulia totale è quella oltre i 65 anni quando il tono cutaneo appare già ridotto e sono più visibili i segni dell’invecchiamento.
Le guance e le labbra, non più sostenute dai denti e dall’osso alveolare, si afflosciano, il profilo del terzo inferiore del viso assume un aspetto concavo. Appaiono più evidenti e profonde le rughe di espressione a livello del labbro superiore (naso-labiali) e tra labbro e mento (labio-mentali).
L’assenza di denti, inoltre, può alterare l’assetto dell’equilibrio corporeo in cui il collo, la testa, e in particolare la mandibola, giocano un ruolo fondamentale. Sono visibili dei cambiamenti che interessano la muscolatura masticatoria, la postura mandibolare e la fonesi.
Non si tratta pertanto soltanto di un problema estetico o funzionale. La limitazione delle relazioni sociali, a causa del disagio di mostrarsi senza denti, può alterare l’equilibrio psicologico di questi pazienti. Non ultime le difficoltà digestive causate da un’imperfetta triturazione del cibo. Per andar a ristabilire la serenità, quando possibile, si può ricorrere agli impianti dentali.
Edentulie: da quali patologie sono provocate?
Solitamente, i denti vengono persi o estratti a causa della parodontite, della carie o per traumi importanti. Tuttavia, nel caso in cui la perdita comprenda un numero considerevole di denti, viene associata principalmente alla malattia parodontale e/o alla persistente incuria delle manovre di igiene orale domiciliare. La parodontite colpisce un italiano su quattro nelle forme moderate e un italiano su dieci nelle forme più gravi e invalidanti. Per questo, un’attenta prevenzione primaria e secondaria è necessaria per evitare condizioni di edentulia precoce, spesso invalidante ed economicamente gravosa qualora si voglia procedere con una riabilitazione adeguata della masticazione.
Come si può riabilitare il sorriso?
Nei casi di edentulia parziale è possibile riabilitare i denti perduti ricorrendo alle soluzioni implantari (come gli impianti osteointegrati nell’osso che sostituiscono le radici perse) oppure alle protesi fisse. Così facendo si riduce la dimensione dei denti vicini alla zona edentula e si restaura la zona.
La soluzione riabilitativa fissa deve prevedere il posizionamento nell’osso residuo della mascella e/o della mandibola di un numero variabile di impianti ai quali vengono successivamente avvitati o cementati i nuovi denti. Se l’osso residuo non è sufficiente può comunque essere programmata una riabilitazione implanto-protesica attraverso impianti corti, laddove possibile, o previa rigenerazione verticale e/o orizzontale dell’osso necessario.
Possono essere utilizzate delle protesi removibili?
È possibile riabilitare il sorriso con l’ausilio di protesi rimovibili. La protesi mobile o cosiddetta “dentiera” si adatta alla mucosa della arcata edentula e rimane appoggiata aderendo attraverso un meccanismo similventosa coadiuvato eventualmente dall’utilizzo di paste adesive.
Tuttavia, questa soluzione dovrebbe essere presa in considerazione solamente nei casi in cui sia necessario limitare i costi economici della riabilitazione.
È possibile restare senza denti e masticare bene?
È molto difficile riuscire ad avere una sana e adeguata alimentazione quando viene meno la corretta funzione masticatoria. Solo poche persone pertanto riescono a masticare e digerire correttamente senza utilizzare protesi mobili o fisse che vicariano i denti andati perduti.
Questa condizione si verifica nei soggetti appartenenti alle fasce di età più avanzate, che hanno sofferto di parodontite e che non hanno provveduto per tempo alla realizzazione di protesi sostitutive. Non è comunque così infrequente trovare soggetti più giovani che gravano in condizioni di edentulia. In questi casi risulta sempre tangibile il disagio sociale e psicologico vissuto.
L’edentulia è una condizione di grave menomazione masticatoria. Ai giorni nostri, dovrebbe essere attentamente evitata attraverso una corretta prevenzione primaria e secondaria e un’adeguata terapia delle più gravi patologie del cavo orale come carie e parodontite.
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زمان برای انجام هر کاری یک عامل مهم است ولی در برخی از اوقات شرایطی پیش می آید که اهمیت زمان دو چندان می شود. در حرفه ترجمه نیز اتفاقاتی از این دست مشاهده می شود که کاربر نیاز به انجام فوری ترجمه دارد و بایستی حتما تا تاریخی مشخص کار به ایشان ارسال شود. ترجمه فوری نام خدمتی از ترجمه تخصصی ایرانیان است که در آن مدت زمان ترجمه نسبت به حالت عادی نصف می شود و در نتیجه کار به صورت سریع تر برای مشتری ارسال می شود. اما مدت زمان ترجمه فوری چقدر است؟
در ترجمه فوری روزانه ۲۰۰۰ کلمه ترجمه می شود. به عنوان مثال اگر یک مقاله ۵ هزار کلمه ای داشته باشید در حدود ۲/۵ روز می توانید ترجمه مقاله خود را دریافت نمایید. سوالی که برخی از کاربران از ما می پرسند این است که آیا می توان سریعتر از این زمان هم ترجمه نمود؟ در پاسخ باید گفت که می توان کمی سریعتر هم انجام داد ولی باید دو نکته را در نظر داشت:
- توانایی مترجم: یک مترجم حرفه ای حداکثر روزانه ۲۵۰۰ تا ۳۰۰۰ کلمه می تواند ترجمه نماید زیرا ترجمه تخصصی نیاز به جستجو و معادل یابی بهینه کلمات دارد که این مسئله می تواند برای تنها یک عبارت چند ساعت طول بکشد. طبیعتا اگر انتظار یک ترجمه تخصصی و با کیفیت را داریم نباید انتظار داشته باشیم که روزی بیش از ۲۰۰۰ کلمه ترجمه شود.
- وجود فرصت برای ارزیابی و بازخوانی: در مجموعه ترجمه تخصصی ایرانیان، فایل ترجمه توسط مترجم در سیستم بارگذاری می شود ولی این به معنای ارسال فایل برای مشتری نیست. کلیه سفارشات ترجمه پس از ارسال توسط مترجم، توسط ارزیاب ها به دقت بررسی شده و اگر اشکالی مشاهده شود برای بازخوانی به مترجم ارجاع خواهد شد. کاربر زمانی ترجمه را دریافت می نماید که کیفیت ترجمه توسط ارزیاب تایید شده باشد.
به بیان دیگر در ترجمه فوری بایستی انتظارات منطقی داشت و انتظاراتی مانند ترجمه یک مقاله ۳۰ صفحه ای در یک روز عملا، نشدنی است. برخی از کاربران گاها انتظار دارند یک متاب حجیم با حدود ۳۰۰ صفحه در کمتر از یک هفته ترجمه شود ولی واقعیت قضیه این است که این کار شدنی نیست و اگر هم فردی ادعای این مسئله را داشت که می تواند چنین کاری انجام دهد، عقل حکم می کند در مورد ادعای شخص باید کمی تامل و درنگ کرد!1 Answer | Add Yours
For a comparison essay on two pieces of literature, you'll want to compare the literary elements and the literary techniques. Literary elements are things that all narratives (literature) have in common. All have things like a point of view (is a character talking for themselves or is someone else talking for them?), narrator (who is telling the story), chronology (the time sequence of events), tone (the emotion the narrator feels for the characters and events) and mood (the emotional atmosphere within the characters and events themselves). Literary techniques are things that authors choose to include that may be the same as or different from what other authors choose. Techniques include things like symbolism, metaphor and simile, imagery and irony.
To start your comparison between "Hills Like White Elephants" and "Two Kinds" you can analyze the element of point of view. In Hemingway's, someone is telling the story about the two characters. This is a third-person narrator speaking about the story as it happens to someone else, not to the narrator. In Tan's, the main character is speaking for herself and telling her own story. This is a first-person narrator speaking about her own story.
Then you can analyze the element of narrators. In Tan's, the first-person narrator is emotionally involved with the story and uses descriptive words to tell about her feelings and her mother's feelings ("I performed listlessly ... I got so bored"). In Hemingway's, the third-person narrator is distanced and not involved. This narrator avoids descriptive words and lets the characters express their emotions through the content of their speech ("The man called 'Listen' ...").
Continue analysing other elements in this same way and finding what is the same and what is different in things like chronology, tone and mood: the narrator's tone about the story may be different from or the same as the mood; example: the mood of the story might be frightened and scary but the tone of the narrator might be bored or irritated. Then look for techniques to analyze, like symbolism.
You can analyze the technique of symbolism. In Tan's, she is telling a straightforward true story from her own life as a result, there is not much, if any symbolism. [Symbolism is one thing represented by another thing (e.g., a cold stone symbolizing someone's lack of love).] In Hemingway's, the narrator does provide some symbolic representation in the title and descriptions given. The "white elephants" are a rare and revered type of elephant that few are privileged to see ("No, you wouldn't have") and symbolize the pregnancy choices being covertly discussed. The description of the valley and dry land symbolizes the choices before the couple ... and the two individuals. This should get you started on your comparison. Continue to look for and analyze other techniques these authors might have used.
We’ve answered 324,511 questions. We can answer yours, too.Ask a questionMedia propaganda is a form of communication that is utilized by media houses to influence the attitude of the community towards various issues. Propaganda is spread across various media houses and is repeated over time in order to emphasize the facts and to change the attitudes of individuals. The primary objective of propaganda is to sway the thinking and understanding of the community towards various courses of action. The media use propaganda in order to generate attraction towards various pieces of news that could be vital for the welfare of the community. There exist various propaganda techniques. Media houses would always use the most appropriate one according to the situation at hand. This essay explicates the recent propaganda techniques and the BP oil spill using the functionalism, critical, and interactionism theories.
The current propaganda techniques that have been used by the media include common man technique and repetition. The common man technique has been used by various media recently, especially in relation to political figures. The technique aims at winning the confidence of society by ensuring that they change their normal way of thinking and reasoning according to the politician’s way of thinking. The common man technique has been used to convince individuals during political campaigns in order to change the normal thinking of individuals in relation to various aspects of the society such as macroeconomic policies. If one is portrayed as the individual to bring change in the society in case he/she is elected, this changes the normal thinking of citizens towards the individual.
Repetition is another key propaganda technique that has been used especially in various adverts. The media have been emphasizing on the feature of the advertised products and the benefits one would derive from using the products. Repetition is aimed at ensuring that the community does not forget about the product. Such propaganda has been used in the introduction of new products and in the improvement of existing products. This has seen most businesses increase their profit margins; hence, they have achieved stability in their operations.
The BP oil spill was portrayed by the media as the worst happening ever. In fact, the media stated that the spill was a global disaster, as it would lead to the spillage of oil and chemicals to other parts of the world. Politically, the oil spill was portrayed as the inability of the government to deal with disasters. It instilled fear and concern among most individuals, as the problem appeared difficult to solve. This portrayal is related to the functional theory, in that it helped coordinate the social system and vividly disseminated vital information to be used in precautionary measures. This theory defines media propaganda as a tool for social information on significant issues. The critical theory is also related to this portrayal of the spill. This theory asserts that media propaganda is tailored towards ensuring that the interests of the elite are catered for. The interactionalism theory is related to this media portrayal in its explanation that propaganda is a social process that emphasizes on pragmatism and the change of the community’s perspectives. The theory asserts that the attitudes of the society could be changed by the use of some specific practical ideas.
This portrayal is not only information, but also propaganda, because it is presented in a manner that captures the minds of individuals and affects their attitudes. Citizens were made to hate the government for the oil spill and live in fear of further effects of the spill. It is because there was a media threat that the spill could affect the entire world. The interactionism theory provides the best explanation of propaganda, since typical propaganda should entail the use of practical words that would change the attitudes of individuals. The theory deals with the living conditions of individuals and the use of specific words to change the normal state of events.在发给Lusa的回复中，Fortera地产公司描述了'天际线'项目，因为是为General Torres地区设计的，应该 "直接创造至少500个就业机会"。
该酒店被整合到波尔图区的Vila Nova de Gaia未来的会议中心项目中。
Fortera项目的初始成本为1.2亿欧元，在豪华房地产领域运营，由于 "项目的必要变化和建筑业的大幅增长"，该项目被上调为1.5亿欧元。
天际大厦将有28层，160间酒店客房和111间服务式公寓，一个露台，一个无边际游泳池，一个健身俱乐部，酒吧，两个餐厅和全景景观。
该项目将从公共停车场和 "会议中心的广场开始，当然，它是这个综合开发项目的催化剂"，发起人介绍说。
"它将对整个北部地区产生影响"。
该项目计划于明年开始，但仍需经过维拉诺瓦德盖亚商会技术部的分析。项目的建设预计将在三年内完成。中国佛教义学的开展，主要有两方面的努力： 一方面遵循印度经特别是论以及注释传统的示 范，另一方面是中国自己探索。前文对中国自己 的探索已经有说明，这节主要略述对印度佛教义 学传统的传承。最早的范例乃鸠摩罗什大师(344 -413)的译传与阐扬，其引领了中国佛教义学的 开端。大师所译的《妙法莲华经》给出了一乘佛教 观以及开权显实的观照方法，对中国化佛教义学 宗派的形成奠定了基础。而其所译的《大智度论》 作为龙树菩萨注释《摩诃般若波罗蜜经》的注疏， 是后世中国佛教注疏佛教经论的重要参照与示范。 而且该论还提供了佛教义学应该采取的佛教观，以及 佛教义学开展的一些指导原则。其中，佛教观即四悉 檀，指导原则如引佛说:“若今现前，若我过去后，自依 止，法依止，不余依止。,,[12KP66T) “自依止”即自证， “法依止”即随法闻思修。依止于法也就成为了佛 教义学开展的基本前提。正因为如此，《大智度 论》云“人佛法相故，名为佛法”。[12KP66中)也就是 说，“法”只要能与已有佛法相随顺、相一致，也属 佛法范畴。佛教义学就是这样依止（佛）法而随顺 (佛)法相的开展。在中国佛教义学史上，鸠摩罗 什与释慧远的义学之辩也影响甚大。释慧远曾就 法身等数十问题求教于鸠摩罗什，鸠摩罗什予以 回应。这是宗般若实相的立场与宗法性涅槃的立 场间的法义辨析与抉择，为当时中国佛教义学的 基本义学趣向与研究廓清了道路，指明了方向。
如果说般若中观方面的义学研究传统得之于 鸠摩罗什的引导与推动，那在佛性如来藏方面的 义学开展，则主要受到北魏菩提流支（5 - 6世 纪）、勒那摩提(约5 - 6世纪）以及真i帝大师(499 -569)等的影响，而更早的昙无谶(385—433 )、求 那跋陀罗（394 -468)的译传的影响也在此阶段显 露出来。其中，包括《大般涅槃经》、《楞伽经》在 内的佛性如来藏经典以及《十地经》的注释书《十 地经论》的译传，引领了早期佛性如来藏思想的义 学研究。而到南北朝晚期，一些印度论典以及疏 释著作，通过真谙大
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�坚持认为艾伦在对阵老牌对手的糟糕战绩将会在NFL中被击败。
“他从未打过一所大学校，”拉姆齐打趣道。
“如果你看看他对抗大学校的比赛，那总是赫拉拦截，赫拉失误。”
然而，拉姆齐不仅仅是新秀的目标，而拉姆齐还是抨击了联盟中最成熟的四分卫。
“我认为马特瑞恩被高估了，”拉姆齐说。 “两年前你不能告诉我你赢了MVP，然后去年，你完全失败了，你还有Julio Jones吗？ 永远不可能发生这种情况。 我不在乎。“
Pittsburgh Steelers的老将Ben Roethlisberger也未能幸免。
拉姆齐说：“大本，我认为他最好是体面的。” “大本钟很多时候都会投球。 他只是把它吊起来，他的接收器就可以了。 他有一个强壮的手臂，但他不是那么。 我去年打过他两次，他真让我失望。“
Baltimore Ravens的Joe Flacco也受到一些批评。
这位33岁的球员是拉姆齐在联盟两年中所面临的少数几个四分卫之一，可以说他没有给美洲虎角卫留下积极的印象。
“弗拉科很糟糕。 我连续两年打他，“拉姆齐说。
“他糟透了。”
与此同时，在拉姆齐的眼中，Eli Manning只是成为了联盟中最稳定的四分卫之一，这要归功于Odell Beckham Jr.的出色表现。
“Eli [...]这不是Eli，”拉姆齐说。“我认为这是奥德尔。 我不会说Eli很好，我会说Odell很好。 他们的联系很好。“
最终，拉姆齐提到他评价的三名四分卫 - 亚伦罗杰斯，汤姆布拉迪和泰罗德泰勒 - 甚至建议德州人的四分卫德肖恩沃森将在几年内被命名为MVP，费城的卡森温兹是一个接近的挑战者。
本赛季拉姆齐将遇到一些这样的四分卫，他的评论可能只是为本赛季增添了另一层阴谋。Questa volta abbiamo cercato: qualcuno si sente super-arrabbiato quando prende selfie e quindi non ne prende nessuno?
Qualcuno si sente super arrabbiato quando prende selfie e quindi non ne prende nessuno?
Ed ecco le risposte:
Adoro stare allo specchio e posare ed essere come 'Ooh wow, in realtà sto un po'bene oggi 'e poi prendere alcuni selfie e finire per eliminarli tutti perché sembri così brutto nell'immagine
ya
tutti maschi
che, il fatto che io sia brutto af, e il mio telefono non avere una macchina fotografica mi impedisce di fare selfie
Si. Inoltre mi sembra che sia garantito solo se mi trovo in una posizione interessante o sto facendo qualcosa di interessante
Mi sentivo così ma poi ho visto persone che facevano “labbra d'anatra” e io ci provavo e ogni volta che finivo per ridere, ciò finiva per produrre immagini di me felici e sorridenti e ho iniziato a divertirmi a vedere quei momenti.The Tusekia Harjo Band is the largest band in the Great
Seminole Nation of Oklahoma.
Tusekia or Tvsekiyv, meaning "one who has
received a war name".
Harjo or Hacho means "a title" like a
Colonel, being courageous, somewhat reckless in war.
The bands that were enrolled during the period of the Dawes
Commission in 1897,
have retained the name sake of the Band Chief of that time
until the present.
Tusekia Harjo Band, are descended from the Okone.
the early 1740's and early 1750's an ethnic group, the Okone, moved from the
region of Central Georgia
of the Muskogee towns into the Alachua Prairie region
of north central Florida, the area of the present city of Gainesville.
The Okone behaved as an old Chiefdom regaining their
Their leader, Ahaya or Wakapuchasce (Cow Keeper) had also been
called the founder of the Seminoles,
for although the Okone were not the
earliest of the Prot-Seminole regional chiefdoms, they were the first to be
Some features of the Alachua Okone were clearly recorded.
The Okone had several settlements in the area of the Alachua Prairies,
Cuskowilla being the home of the primary Okone group appears to have belonged to
the Red Division as well as to the Santa Fe Tolofaunder the Okone leadership of
Viokafki or Long Warrior. Alachua Okone Seminoles changed leadership between
1775 and 1785. Payne replaced Cowkeeper as Chief of Alachua.
After Paynes death
in 1812, his brother Hotti Hopoya (Bowlegs) succeeded him as Paramount
Chief of the Alachuas.
Mikkonapa succeeded Bowlegs from 1821 to 1849, Mikkonapa
and five other sub-chiefs,
during a truce conference, were made prisoners of war
on December 14, 1837, while encamped near Fort Mellon.
They were then sent on a
steamer to St. Augustine, and later they were taken to Sullivan Island.
Micanapy Emathla and 218 of their people
were sent by steamer to New Orleans on February 22, 1838 and imprisoned them at the
barracks of Fort Pike.
Huithli Emathla (Jumper) died at the barracks April 18,
1838. The captors collected prisoners at the barracks until mid-May,
sent 1,127 toward Fort Gibson, 47 of them had died by the time they reached Vicksburg. Mikkonapas party reached Fort Gibson in June of 1838.
to their new land in 1845, Mikkonapa was paramount chief, and died in December
He was succeeded to office by Jim Jumper, his sister's son Mikko Mucasa
(Jim Jumper) from 1851 to 1878.
Cotchaile 1879-? and Tusikayo Hacho in 1898.
Tusikayo Hacho Band fought for the south during the
Civil War. After the war they were removed to what is now Seminole County.
Tusekia Harjo Band at present includes over 2,500
members, the largest of the Seminole Nation Bands under the leadership of Tom
Palmer. They continue to strive for excellence and the right to determine their
place in this world as a sovereign.完善详情页
我们在隔壁用餐和购物时找到了这家被子。 Alma Sue有各种各样的面料，概念和图案。考虑到他们中的大多数都是手工绗缝，他们以非常合理的价格出售令人惊叹的成品棉被。当她手工绗缝她正在做的一小部分被子时，我们看了一个绗缝机。我很失望，虽然我想为他们展出的两个项目购买面料，却发现他们缺货。如果我回到萨拉索塔地区，我将再次尝试Alma Sue！
千万不要错过萨拉索塔! 这家酒店坐落在靠近街边的amish委员会Pinecraft区域! 嘉兴百度商务酒店餐厅隔壁的荷兰人! 另一个必须要去的地方吃饭的地方!
我的朋友过来这边来,一个主绗缝机! 她很喜欢这家商店和更好的购买! 社区的女士相当破旧的一大被子上! 很多结构100%棉! 一个天堂般的拼布! 一个真正的隐藏的珍宝洒满阳光的萨拉索塔! 查找意外!
我们第一次来这家去年和今年都买了很多材料,看到一些可爱的被子和真的很高兴我们发现了这家小珍宝但这有点毁了手边的那位女士的态度似乎在商店前,那简直就是在我们住宿的最后上所以我们没有逗留但今年再来和我们做了一个让我来告诉你同一位女士未见改善她的客户服务随着时间的推移! 像以往一样粗鲁,。 我敢删除一个螺栓的结构看起来它只是为了她在我背后关闭,告诉我说让我换了一个不正确且会破坏结构! 我们又跟着她周围的商店,我们离开ŵithout购买和我去网上买的结构而不是和我见过她的存储和可悲的是不会变暗alma起诉近期的门。 这是一个非常不错的商店但是有一个不好的气氛因为这位女士,我觉得她的名字是ella。 我的建议是会得到一个值班经理在和她呆在家里,您的客户就吓唬你!قانون شماره ۹: قبل از هرچیز تبلیغ خود را آزمایش کنید.
اگر وقت و پول کافی دارید، روی گروه های متمرکز سرمایه گذاری کنید. یعنی تبلیغتان را روی افراد مختلف امتحان کنید، ببینید آیا آنها مفهوم پیام شما را دریافت میکنند یا خیر، برای اینکار راه های ارزان تری هم وجود دارد مثل پرسشنامه ها، فرم ها و …، این موضوعی گسترده است.New YorkLa serie Sex Diaries chiede agli abitanti delle città anonime di registrare una settimana nelle loro vite sessuali - con risultati comici, tragici, spesso sexy e sempre rivelatori.Illustrazione fotografica: James Gallagher
Questa settimana, un solo uomo ha cercato di risolvere i suoi problemi di intimità: gay, single, Harlem, 30 anni.
GIORNO UNO
7 del mattino Mi sveglio presto.
9 del mattino. C'è un messaggio di R. La 'relazione' con quest'uomo (è un uomo dai capelli grigi sulla cinquantina, che è apparentemente la mia marmellata emotiva) esiste interamente nella mia testa. Siamo andati ad un appuntamento una volta, quando ho vissuto nella sua città un paio di anni fa; ci siamo collegati una volta l'anno scorso quando è venuto a New York; e ora abbiamo uno scambio semi-regolare e lento.
Ore 12 È stata una giornata inutile; Non ho realizzato molto. Improvvisamente diventa molto importante ottenere generi alimentari specifici da un negozio nel Queens.
17:00 Casa. Non c'è niente di sbagliato nel cominciare a bere da soli alle 5, vero? Mando un messaggio a R., abbastanza aperto che dovrà almeno rispondere.
22:00 Abbastanza ubriaco da andare a letto. Sono abbastanza sicuro di non aver scambiato parole vere e rumorose con nessuno oggi. Avendo vissuto qui due anni, sto cominciando a preoccuparmi che questo è esattamente come sarà la vita - fine settimana completamente silenziosi. Ma se stai per essere isolato, New York non è un brutto posto per questo.
SECONDO GIORNO
6 del mattino. Mi sono svegliato con un messaggio del mio amico di liceo D. È un meme sciocco, ma D. vive lontano, quindi cose come questa sono importanti per me - comunicazione discreta e regolare che mi fa sentire come se fossimo ancora parte di le vite degli altri.
8.30 Inizia la settimana nel modo giusto: terapia! Il mio medico continua a cercare di convincermi che mi piace D., che è etero, e trovo l'idea ridicola, anche se ho avuto una cotta per un breve periodo al liceo. Sembra un dettaglio con cui il Dr. K si scatenerebbe troppo, quindi dico solo che amo troppo D. per voler dormire con lui. Questo riapre la nostra solita discussione sul perché nella mia testa e nel letto quelle cose sono completamente separate.
11 di mattina. P è online - un altro uomo sulla cinquantina. Abbiamo incontrato una manciata di volte negli ultimi mesi - si avvicina, lo faccio saltare in aria, mi fa schioccare in giro - ma ultimamente è un uomo difficile da intrappolare; Non so se sta giocando duro per ottenere o se è solo occupato. Lo voglio più di quanto lui voglia, ed entrambi probabilmente godiamo il viaggio di potere.
È vicino al mio appartamento e vuole incontrarsi durante la pausa pranzo perché è pazzo di qualcosa. Sì, cercherò totalmente di lavorare per questo. Il mio lavoro potrebbe essere l'unica fonte di significato nella mia vita - lavoro come associato in una società di media non profit internazionale - ma in pratica, la maggior parte del team con cui mi occupo non è nemmeno in questo fuso orario, quindi la metà di loro è addormentato comunque ...
Ore 12 Il portiere chiama e dice che P. è qui - questo è l'unico modo in cui conosco il suo nome, e per quanto ne so è falso. Non appena la porta si chiude, mi mette una mano sul collo e mi spinge a quattro zampe e mi fa strisciare sul divano mentre mi dà dei calci. Se è così che P. è in una brutta giornata, sono qui per questo.
12.40 p.m. Oggi P. vuole eiaculare sul pavimento. Sfortunatamente, so esattamente quanto sia pulito il mio pavimento, e per quanto odio dirgli di no, preferirei di no. Alla fine scendiamo a compromessi e prendo una ciotola dalla cucina. Il sapone toglierà lo sperma dalla ceramica, giusto?
1 pm. Ciao, P. Mi lavo la faccia e controllo la mia e-mail di lavoro.
18:00 Scorrendo i gruppi Meetup, iscrivendomi a cose che so che non farò mai realmente.
GIORNO TRE
10 del mattino Le cose in ufficio si sono accumulate, ma il sovraccarico funziona per me; Mi piace essere occupato. Nessuna risposta da parte di R.
4 pm. Non piove mai ma piove a dirotto: Grindr mi dice che l'Uomo Sculacciare - un altro ragazzo sulla cinquantina - è vicino e gli mando un messaggio. Mi manda un messaggio, chiedendomi perché gli ho inviato un messaggio su 'una di quelle app'. Dico di aver rotto il mio telefono, ma la verità è che ho cancellato il suo numero qualche mese fa, dopo che gli ho chiesto a bruciapelo di andare ad un appuntamento con me e lui ha confuso. Decidiamo di uscire domani dopo il lavoro.
19:00 Yoga. Ho provato diversi posti per trovare il meno fastidioso, e almeno la musica qui è buona, comunque.
21:00 A casa, faccio una doccia, ordino la cena, il messaggio D., che ha le date per il suo prossimo viaggio di lavoro a New York. Li ho inseriti nel mio calendario e sono felice che ci sia qualcosa da guardare al futuro. È molto come avere un fratello maggiore che viene a trovarmi.
GIORNO QUATTRO
6 del mattino. R. ha scritto un messaggio, chiedendomi una nuova foto. Hmm. Gli ho detto che mi stavo facendo crescere i capelli; è un buon segno che vuole vedere che aspetto ha? Sembra davvero terribile? Oh Dio.
14:00 Mi imbatto in un profilo Scruff che è attraente - ragazzo più vecchio, aggressivo, in visita, non in cerca, ahem, roba di testa. Non faccio sesso anale da anni e la mia ultima esperienza con questo è stata spiacevole. Questo limite difficile è stato un problema per molti ragazzi, tra cui R., che hanno accennato al tempo in cui abbiamo agganciato quello in una 'relazione' di cui avrebbe avuto bisogno. 'In un relazione, 'Ho accennato indietro, forse lo avrei considerato.
L'uomo Scruff e io ci scambiamo foto, a quel punto dice: 'Oh, scusa, troppo vecchio per me.' In un certo senso sapevo dal suo profilo che lo avrebbe detto, ma può anche essere un po 'un ghiottone per la punizione.
19.15 Nell'appartamento di Spanking Man, che è estremamente bello - immenso, attico, arredato con gusto. Iniziamo a capire e lui mi chiede se sono pronto per la 'disciplina'.
19.30 The Spanking Man vuole provare la sua nuova canna. Viene dietro di me, abbastanza vicino da potermi aggrappare al suo cazzo mentre si sdraia su di me. 'Un giorno ti sculaccerò fino al mio arrivo', minaccia. Vedremo. Non provo nemmeno a essere calmo o stoico; è bello urlare e ha un senso preciso di quando non ce la faccio più.
20:00 Gli chiedo di passare alla paletta. È un tipo diverso di dolore - meno acuto ma più duraturo, e voglio poter sentire ancora qualcosa domani.
20.20 Ci coccoliamo, questa volta con la testa sul mio petto. Improvvisamente dico che ho fame e devo andare. Mi ci vogliono circa due minuti per prepararmi e uscire dal suo appartamento, e sembra un po 'sorpreso, che sono abbastanza sadico da apprezzare.
GIORNO CINQUE
9 del mattino. Il dottor K. insiste
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the hydrogen atom is one unit of mass for chemists
However, one electron is a rather small amount of charge to be working with. The macroscopic unit of charge is the coulomb. 1 coulomb is minus the charge carried by 0.624142x1019 electrons. [Why a negative charge on the electron?]
Thus the coulomb is the basic measure of quantity of electricity, as the litre or gallon is a measure of quantity of water.
Electric charge is conserved - the total charge in a closed region of space remains constant. Indeed, in any work we shall be doing, the total number of electrons in a closed region of space remains constant [exceptions?].
Of course, positively charged particles exist. The protons that are a major constituent of the atomic nucleus are positively charged. However, the solid state is characterised by the immobility of atomic nuclei. Most of the devices we shall encounter use matter in the solid state.
In anything we do in this class, positive and negative charges will always be very nearly in balance. This arises from the fact that like charges repel each other, while opposite charges attract. This can be understood (in terms of classical physics) as the existence of a force between any two electrons which acts along the line joining them and which is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
So, getting together a large number of like charges costs a lot of energy. This also accounts for the fact that the analogy between the flow of electricity and the flow of water breaks down. Water molecules attract each other moderately (moderately that is compared with the attraction between the atoms that make up the water molecule). So it doesn't take a lot of energy to collect a lot of water molecules together - in normal conditions water vapour will condense to form liquid water. On the other hand it would take an enormous amount of energy to bring a coulomb of electrons together into (say) a litre space that was devoid of positive charge.
Current is the rate of flow of electric charge. One ampere(A), or amp, is a flow of charge of one coulomb per second.
One milliamp is a thousanth of an amp 1mA = 10-3A. One microamp is a millionth of an amp 1µ A = 10-6A. We also speak of nanoamps 10-9A. and pico 10-12A. amps.
Ordinary matter consists of electrons (negatively charged) and atomic nuclei (positively charged). We can safely regard nuclei in a solid as remaining fixed in position and unchanged in nature. Almost all of the mass of matter is attributable to its nuclei. By contrast, some electrons in some solid forms of matter can move over long distances; in doing so, they constitute an electric current. Whether or not some electrons in a given solid material can move over long distances is a fundamental property of the material.
A metal is a material in which every atom has some electrons that are so loosely bound to the nucleus that they are free to move. Such electrons are called conduction electrons.
An insulator is a material in which all electrons are tightly bound to one specific atomic nucleus, so electric current cannot flow.
In a semiconductor electrons can be made to flow in particular circumstances, which property allows engineers to construct all manner of clever devices. Modern electronics depends greatly on the properties of semiconductors.
Since electrons repel each other, if a piece of material has excess electrons, energy is required to add even more electrons. Likewise, if a piece of material has a deficit of electrons, energy is required to take electrons away from it. We say that two pieces of metal A and B have a potential difference of one volt (1V) between them if it would require one joule to move a charge of one coulomb from A to B, or more precisely the energy cost of moving a small amount of charge from A to B would scale up to requiring one joule to move a charge of one coulomb.
Returning to our water analogy, we can think of a piece of metal as being like a trough of water. If we have two troughs A and B, with B being at a higher level, it costs energy to move a quantity of water from A to B.
It follows that when a current of I amps flows through a potential difference of V volts, the power required is given by:
This power may appear in the form of heat, light, or mechanical power. Or it may be stored to be released in electrical form later.
In a piece of metal free of outside influences the conduction electrons adjust themselves so that the potential difference across any two points is zero.
We can think of this in our hydraulic analogy by observing that if we have a trough of water free of outside influence, the water in the trough will be level - that is the energy cost of moving an infinitesimal quantity of water from one place in the trough to another is zero.
In the case of an insulator or semiconductor, we still have the concept of electric potential. But for a given piece of insulating material, the potential can vary widely across the surface, so we must always think of the potential at a point in the surface. For example, standard photocopying technology involves creating a pattern of charge on a drum coated with semiconductor material which exactly matches the pattern of black-and-white on the page being copied.
We have millivolts(mV), microvolts (µ V) in common use, and kilovolts (kV) too (but not exposed in our lab!).
Current goes through a wire or component Voltage exists between two points in a circuit, We also say voltage across two points. Voltage at a point means voltage between that point and "ground" "Ground" can be chosen arbitrarily; it is not necessarily related to the actual earth.
In electronics, information is carried in a signal, which is a time-varying value of some physical variable, usually voltage, sometimes luminous flux (in optoelectronics). It always requires energy to establish a signal at a point or transmit it to a remote point, because energy is always required to cause a change in any physical variable.
Power is the rate of transfer of energy. Generally, if we are processing information we want signals to have the lowest power consistent with their reliable transmission and processing. However, if we want a signal to make things happen in the big outside world, we will usually need to raise its power level by some kind of amplifier.
Among the factors putting a lower limit on usable power is noise, which can be thought of as an unwanted signal arising from sources internal to the circuit (e.g. thermal noise arises from that vibration of atoms which is thermal energy) or external (e.g. signals picked up from radio transmitters or the mains wiring).
Electronic circuits are classified as:
Kirchoff's Current Law states that in any electrical circuit, the sum of the currents flowing into a node is zero. This is really a statement of the conservation of electrical charge - the number of electrons flowing into a junction must be the same as the number flowing out, so, if we are careful about using the right sign when referring to our currents, the law can be related to basic physics.
Kirchoff's Voltage law states that the sum of the voltages taken round any cycle in a circuit-graph is zero. Or, equivalently, suppose A and B are two conductors in a circuit. Then the potential difference between A and B is the sum of the potential differences across device terminals along any path linking A to B.
It should be noted that Kirchoff's Laws, while they form the basis for analysis of circuits, are not perfectly exact, since they assume that the devices of which a circuit is made up are connected by perfect conductors which offer no resistance to the passage of electricity and have no capacity to store electrons. For most purposes this is an adequate assumption, though for very high speed circuits we need a more complete model.
One approach to dealing with this is to treat conductors themselves as being components in a more complicated circuit.
In particular, the voltage law will fail to be true if the circuit as a whole is exposed to intense and rapidly changing magnetic fields.
We build an electronic circuit out of conductors and devices. The simplest devices have two terminals. Two-terminal devices are characterised by the relationship between voltage V across the device and current I flowing through it. Resistors have the current proportional to the voltage Capacitors have the current proportional to rate of change of voltage. Diodes allow current to flow in only one direction. Inductors have the voltage proportional to rate of change of current. Photoresistors are light-dependent resistors.
A resistor is a device in which the voltage across the device is proportional to the current through it. This is usually written:
V = IR
Here, R is the resistance in ohms. The equation is known as Ohm's Law. It is also at times to think of a a resistor as a device in which the current through the device is proportional to the voltage across it. This can be written:
I = VC = V(1/R)
From the equations:
we get two more convenient forms by eliminating V and I respectively:
Resistors are the cheapest electronic component. Of all components, they are readily available in the widest range of values, from 1 ohm up to ten megohms, (10million ohms), in a range of preferred values which are chosen to divide each decade into values in each successive value is near to being a fixed multiple of the previous one.
The most commonly used resistor is a carbon film resistor capable of dissipating a maximum of 0.25W, with a value accurate to 5%. (Horowitz and Hill have a discussion on the extent to which you can believe in this accuracy). We have available in the lab a range of resistors with standard values from 10 ohms to 1 megohm, together with a supply of 10 megohm resistors. The nominal value of a carbon film resistor (in ohms) is indicated by coloured bands on the body of the resistor. Digits are colour-coded as follows:
Black 0 Brown 1 Red 2 Orange 3 Yellow 4 Green 5 Blue 6 Violet 7 Grey 8 White 9You can make a model in your head to remember this if you see that the middle digits (2-7) are the colours of the rainbow and then try to hang the whole thing on the idea of a body heating up (when it's cold it's black, when it's very hot it's white). The explanation isn't systematic, but it serves quite well as a mnemonic. The colour code is sometimes used for other devices. It's also worth remembering if you are making decisions about wiring where there is an obvious number associated with some conductors. For example, the 4-bit parallel interface used in the model-train system periphals makes use of 6-wire cable intended to interface modular-telephone style plugs and sockets. The conductor colours are thus pre-determined, but the convention I have adopted is
Black ground Red Digit 0 Yellow Digit 1 Green Digit 2 Blue Digit 3 White + 5 V powerIt's easy to remember this convention if you think of the colour-coding convention. The value of the resistor is encoded as D1 D2 E where D1 and D2 are the first two digits of the value of the resistor, and E is the number of zeros which follow. For example a resistor of 4700 ohms is encoded as yellow, violet, red. In addition resistors have a band which indicates its precision. These days this is almost certainly a gold band indicating 5% precision.
From suppliers, a range of 0.125W resistors is also available - it is primarily of interest for those who are building circuits with a high density of components - to exploit such resistors we would need to be designing professionally made printed circuit boards.
It is also possible to purchase a full range of 0.5W resistors. Generally, if you find that a circuit design calls for such a resistor, it's worth taking a look to see if it can be redesigned to use a lower value, or possibly to use another kind of component entirely. You can also obtain a very limited range of 1W and 10W resistors. Generally, if your circuit requires a low power resistor you can reckon to find just the right value of resistor to meet your requirements, whereas if you need a high power resistor you may have to adjust your circuit to fit the available values.
The stability of a resistor is also an important consideration. Resistance varies with temperature (increasing with temperature in the case of metal and carbon resistors). Soldering a resistor in a circuit can cause a permanent change in its value.
High precision resistors are available at a price from specialist suppliers. However if you need a resistance whose value can be specified to better than 5%, the combination of a fixed resistor with a "trimmer" potentiometer (q.v.) is often the best option. The time that you will really need to use a precision resistor is when you need a resistor whose value changes very little with temperature or ageing. For example, if you are wanting a precision voltmeter, you will typically be able to buy a 200mv meter quite cheaply, which can be adjusted to register in the range you require by using precision resistors.
Let's now consider what happens when we form simple combinations of resistors.
Firstly, suppose R1 and R2 are two resistors connected in series, as shown in the diagram.
In this configuration the current I through each resistor is the same, while if V1 and V2 are the potential differences across R1 and R2 respectively, from Kirchoff's Voltage Law, the potential difference across the two resistors in series is given by
V = V1 + V2
From the application of Ohm's Law, we have V1 = IR1 and V2 = IR2 . Hence
Now let's consider the case in which the two resistors are connected in parallel. In this case, the voltage V across each resistor is the same, but by Kirchoff's current law, the current I into the network of 2 resistors is equal to the sum of the currents through each resistor.
From Ohms law, we have V = I1R1, V = I2R2 so that
R1R2 R = ------- R1 + R2One can sum up these results by saying that for resistors in series the total resistance is the sum of the individual resistances, while for resistors in parallel the total conductance is the sum of the conductances.
Assuming we draw no current from the output, the current through the divider is given by
Thus the potential divider acts as a circuit which scales down a signal by the above factor. By itself it is of limited use as a signal processor, since it only works as calculated if an insignificant current is taken from the output, which means in effect that it has can only drive a load with insignificant power.
What does "insignificant" mean here? It can best be related to the accuracy with which the circuit works. It's fairly clear, for example, that if we want 1% accuracy from the circuit we'd better draw from the output less than 1% of the current flowing through the two resistors.
When we come to consider power amplifying devices such as transistors, we'll see how we can buffer a circuit like this one so that its output-voltage is almost independent of load.
For example, suppose you want a resistance of 1K ohms with a 1 percent accuracy. An economical way to do this is to put a 1.2K ohm resistor in parallel with a 10K potentiometer. To set the circuit up, the potentiometer can be adjusted until the resistance of the two in parallel is equal to 1K.
Why not use just the potentiometer? Well, the above arrangement requires you to set the potentometer with an accuracy of 10%, which is a great deal easier than setting it to 1%. And it's hard to be sure that a cheap potentiometer will hold its setting to 1%, while you can be reasonably sure of 10%.
In general, the idea of combining a fixed but inaccurate component with a "trimming" device is of considerable utility in electronics, though of course it's important to have only those adjustments that are strictly necessary in a circuit.
Another variation on this theme is the use of potentiometers as position transducers. For this application it is possible to purchase high-accuracy potentiometers.
A perfect voltage source is a 2 terminal "black box" that maintains a fixed voltage drop across its terminals, regardless of how much current is drawn out of it. Real voltage sources have a limit on maximum current, and behave like a at best like perfect voltage source with a small resistor in series.
Any combination of voltage sources and resistors can be reduced to a single voltage source in series with a single resistor. This resulting simple circuit is called "Thevenin's equivalent circuit".
D-size flashlight cell - 1.5volts, 1/4 ohm resistance 10,000 joules (watt-seconds). At end of life, 1.0volt, resistance = several ohms.
So we can regard resistors as devices which have a fixed small signal resistance.
A diode lets current flow in one direction only. There is a small forward voltage drop, usually around half a volt for general purpose silicon diodes.
Usually a diode is realised as a cylindrical body with a lead emerging at each end. The direction in which current flows through such a diode is indicated by a band around the body which is nearest to the negative end of the diode when current is flowing through it. You can remember this as "the bar on the package is the bar in the diode-figure".
Small signal diodes can typically capable of passing 100mA in the forward direction. One Amp diodes are quite cheap, and about the size of a 1/4 watt resistor. Power diodes can handle thousands of amps, for example to rectify AC current for full-size trains.
In the non-conducting direction, diodes are limited by their peak reverse voltage abbreviated PRV. A PRV of 80V is common for run-of-the-mill diode, but hundreds of volts of PRV are possible. Exceed the PRV and you knacker your diode. Notice that the PRV is the PEAK reverse voltage, which is higher than the Root Mean Square voltage that is usually quoted for alternating current supplies.
A diode may allow current to flow in the reverse direction. This current is typically very small. Any diode that passes a reverse current you can measure with an ordinary instrument is knackered.
Diodes also have a (variable) capacitance when biased in the reverse direction.
These are clever diodes that let current go through backwards while maintaining a near-constant voltage across them. So, if you want to build an electronic voltage-source, a zener diode is likely to be the component which provides a reference voltage. You could think of a Zeer diode as being like a weir with water.
They also vary with temperature. The most temperature-stable zener diodes are those around 5-6 volts. Given the limitations of zener diodes, they are seldom used directly as voltage sources, but are incorporated in circuits where they are fed with a reasonably constant current. Amplification of what is in effect a signal from the zener is used to provide as much current as needed from the output of the electronic power source. It's also possible design a circuit which uses a 5-6 volt zener independent of the required output voltage. We'll see how to do
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的那条线是人为的。”美国电影《大空头》的这句经典台词，描绘的是华尔街的贪婪，讲述的却是一个纯粹的逻辑——人们总是愿意选择赔率对自己有利的“赌博”。
因此，选特朗普还是拜登，这道看似非此即彼的选择题，无论是精明的华尔街还是仍在为面包奋斗的基层人士， 其选择本质就是一场对未来的“投资”。
只是，身处波诡云谲的国际局势，面对充满矛盾的经济体，以及两位潜在执政者充满不确定性的经济方针，这一次赌上未来的投资，似乎又是一场谁都“输不起”的“投机”。
当渴望利益的华尔街与谋求地位的政客，共同开启了一场政治游戏。普通百姓要面对的却是那看不到“终点”的疫情、迟迟难以确定的失业金、大幅减少的工作岗位、无休无止的破产潮。
无论两位候选人打出什么样的经济牌， 那些无法享受到美股红利和“量化宽松”的人们，或许很难找到真正对自己有利的“赔率”。
来源： 东方网·纵相新闻
【罗浮山蜂蜜】【罗浮山蜂蜜】【罗浮山蜂蜜】بیایید این طور به قضیه نگاه کنیم که شما یک مجموعه گسترده از مشتریان دارید که باغبان هستند. برای گسترش پایه محصول خود ، تصمیم می گیرید که برای کسانی که عاشق باغبانی هستند اما در آپارتمان ها زندگی می کنند و فضای حیاط ندارند محصولات مناسب را تولید کنید ، می توانید یک خط از محصولات مربوط به باغبانی کانتینر را راه اندازی کنید.
هنگام تهیه یک کمپین تقسیم بندی بازاریابی دیجیتال برای مستقیم تر شدن بازار برای این دسته از مخاطب ها خاص خود ، در اینجا روش هایی وجود دارد که می توانید مخاطبان خود را تقسیم کنید:
- شهرهای بزرگ با افزایش جمعیت زیاد.
- اجتماعات با بازارهای اجاره ای بزرگ.
- کد پستی با تعداد زیادی از ساکنان آپارتمان و خانه های شهری.
- شهرستان ها و شهر هایی با میزان مسکن متراکم.
- جوامع سالمند.
- اعضای گروه های باغبانی کانتینر.
این همان چیزی است که همه موارد مهم در خصوص تقسیم مشتری در مورد آن صادق است. آنچه که واقعاً خاص است ، این است که در همه کانال ها به طرز انعطاف پذیری کار می کند.
نحوه استفاده از تقسیم بندی به صورت دیجیتال
در بازاریابی دیجیتال ، STP مخفف تقسیم ، هدف گذاری و موقعیت یابی است. بیشتر بازاریابان دیجیتالی با این مدل آشنا هستند زیرا این روش تصمیم گیری در مورد بهترین نوع محتوا برای تبلیغات کاملاً مؤثر است. استراتژی STP از افراد بازاریاب برای هدف قرار دادن پیام های مناسب به مشتریان مناسب استفاده می کند.
با توسعه شخصیت های مناسب ، بازاریابان چهار مزیت زیر را کسب می کنند:
- بازاریابان می توانند مطالب خود را به گونه ای تنظیم کنند که از لحن و سبک مناسبی برخوردار باشد تا بسته به انواع مختلف مشتریان برای همه آن ها جذاب باشد.
- بازاریابان می توانند فرایند خرید ، از جمله اتمام کار را ارزیابی کنند ، بنابراین می توانند شناسایی کنند که مشتریان سبد خرید خود را بدون این که آن را رها کنند تا چه زمان به بخش انتهایی فروش می برند.
- عملیات تقسیم بندی فرصت هایی را برای افراد در موقعیت های متقابل فراهم می کند که به تسریع در فروش و افزایش تبدیل کمک می کند.
- تقسیم بندی گزینه های جدیدی را برای هدف قرار دادن مخاطبان اصلی شما ایجاد می کند ، که می تواند به شما در حداکثر رساندن بودجه بازاریابی نیز کمک کند.
در اصل ، تقسیم مشتری حدس و گمان را از محدود کردن به مخاطبان شما خارج می کند. زیرا بیشتر از پیش دارای فرض هایی است که توسط اطلاعات مناسب و قابل استناد تبدیل به آگاهی شده است.
با تجزیه و تحلیل شما و ایجاد مجموعه ای از کلمات کلیدی که افراد هنگام وارد کردن جعبه جستجو به شما می گویند ، هنگام مقایسه محصولات مورد نظر خود ، می توانید از آنها استفاده کنید. در فیس بوک ، می توانید چشم انداز های خود را به سمت کسانی که به باغبانی کانتینر یا کسانی که در آن زندگی می کنند و یا به دنبال آپارتمان هستند ، معطوف کرده و آن دسته از مخاطبان را هدف قرار دهید. برنامه های ایمیل و محتوای سایت خود را بر اساس آمار و ارقام مشتری مانند پروفایل های آن ها و رفتار آنلاین شخصی سازی کنید.
چرا از بازاریابی مبتنی بر تقسیم بندی استفاده می کنیم؟
من می توانم نکات بسیاری از کارشناسان را برای شما بیان کنم ، اما نمی توانم داده های شما را تجزیه و تحلیل کنم و فرمول دقیقی را برای محصولات شما ارائه دهم. آنچه بخش بازاریابی می تواند برای شما انجام دهد این است که اطلاعات مشخصی به شما می دهد تا بتوانید مخاطب ایده آل را برای هدف گیری و طراحی یک کمپین در اطراف خود انتخاب کنید.
تا به حال این را فهمیده ام که بهترین نتیجه را وقتی می گیرم که به جمعیتی واضح از پایگاه هدف خود نگاه می کنم و برای عمیق ترین خصوصیات آنها برنامه های دقیقی را طراحی و تدوین می کنم. در اینجا پنج روش برای هدف قرار دادن مشتری های باغبانی کانتینر ارائه شده است.
- رفتار خرید: آیا آن ها از شرکت های کوچک یا خرده فروش های بزرگ خرید می کنند؟ آیا آن ها به دنبال معامله یا محصولات میان رده یا با کیفیت بالاتر هستند؟ آیا آنها در اواخر شب یا آخر هفته خرید می کنند؟ آیا آن ها چندین بار خرید همزمان انجام می دهند؟
- چگونگی سبک زندگی: در چه خانه ای زندگی می کنند؟ آیا آن ها مالک هستند یا در خانه ای اجاره ای ساکنند؟ آیا آن ها تازه از دانشگاه فارغ التحصیل شده اند یا تازه ازدواج کرده اند؟ آیا آن ها وارد مرحله جدیدی از زندگی می شوند؟
- تصمیمات فصلی: آیا فصل بهار نزدیک است؟ آیا هر یک از محصولات می توانند هدایای عید پاک یا هدایای روز مادر را تامین کنند؟
- اطلاعات مربوط به موقعیت جغرافیایی: آیا پیش بینی شما در مورد جستجو ی محل مکانی برای خرده فروشی است؟ آیا مشتریان شما در یک شهر یا شهرک ساکن هستند که شما آن را به عنوان یک منطقه با ترافیک بالقوه مشخص کرده اید؟ آیا آن ها غالباً در خانه هستند یا در محل کار حضور دارند؟
- ذهن مشتری: چه چیزی آن ها را در خرید یک محصول باغبانی کانتینر ترغیب نموده و در مورد محصولات شما چگونه فکر می کنند؟ آیا آن ها به دنبال گلهای جذاب هستند؟ آیا آن ها به دنبال مصرف گیاهان یا سبزیجات هستند؟
با جمع آوری این اطلاعات ، شما باید ایده خوبی داشته باشید که بهترین کاندیدا ها برای محصولات باغبانی کانتینر چه کسانی هستند. اکنون زمان آن رسیده است که در حال توسعه یک خط چند کاناله – پرداخت هزینه برای هر کلیک ، صفحه نمایش ، رسانه های اجتماعی ، ایمیل – استراتژی تقسیم بازاریابی باشید که می توانید به روش های مختلفی آن را تدوین کنید و همچنین از مزایای تقسیم مشتری استفاده کنید.
اگرچه شما ممکن است تمایل به فکر کردن داشته باشید و بر این گمان باشید که ممکن است یک استراتژی بهتر از روش دیگر عمل کند ، من فهمیده ام که بهتر است سعی کنید به همان اندازه کانال های کاربردی را عملی کنید. بسیاری از عوامل وارد روند خرید می شوند و نتایج اغلب روشنگرانه و غیر منتظره است. من توصیه می کنم برخی از تست های A / B (عنوان فرایندی است که برای تشخیص اینکه از میان دو ویژگی «آ» و «ب» کدامیک مناسبتر است به کار میرود.) را انجام دهید تا بتوانید استراتژی بازاریابی خود را تغییر دهید تا به طور مداوم بهترین نتیجه را بدست آورید.
در اینجا چند روش برای تست شما آورده شده است:
- خطوط موضوعی مختلف را امتحان کنید.
- عناوین خود را جایگزین کنید.
- محتوا را تغییر دهید.
- در مورد دکمه فراخوان (CTA) تجدید نظر کنید.
- تجزیه و تحلیل پرداخت برای هر کلیک را برای هر تبلیغ دنبال کنید.
دلیل تقسیم مشتری به عنوان یک استراتژی محبوب بازاریابی دیجیتال این است که به خوبی کار می کند تا به شما در یافتن محتمل ترین خریداران واجد شرایط ، کمک کند چه محصول شما باغبانی کانتینر باشد چه هر محصول و خدمت دیگری.
من نمی توانم به اندازه کافی بر اهمیت آزمایش چندین مخاطب و نظارت بر نتایج آن تأکید کنم. این تنها راهی است که شما می توانید بفهمید چه کارهایی انجام می شود ، چه کسی تبلیغات شما را پیدا می کند و چه نوع تبلیغات و کانال هایی محصول را برای آن ها جذاب می کند. مخاطبان می توانند ناراضی باشند. نظارت دقیق و تنظیم تقسیم بندی به شما امکان می دهد به اندازه کافی زیرک باشید تا بتوانید تنظیمات سریع را انجام دهید تا تلاش های خود را برای بهبود بیشترین بازده سرمایه گذاری به صورت مداوم بهبود بخشید.The contents of the cell are displayed at the variable's selected range although the range setting has been cleared
Reproducing the Issue
- Launch Xcelsius 2008.
- Type "text1" into cell A1 at the spreadsheet,
- From menu select Data > Connections to open Data Manager.
- Click Add and select Flash Variables.
- At the area of Definition tab's Variable Data, click + button to add a variable called "Range_0".
- Select cell A1 as its range.
- Click + button again to add another variable called "Range_1".
- Set cell A1 as its range too.
- Clear the selected range of variable "Range_0".
- Click the variable "Range_1", then click the variable "Range_0".
- The content of cell A1 "text1" is displayed at the variable "Range_0"'s range setting.
- Xcelsius 2008
- Delete the variable and redefine it.
X5, Flash Variables, delete, remove , KBA , BI-RA-XL , Dashboards and Presentation Design , ProblemOne of the crucial topic in software development is the
implementation of security. As we know that software systems nowadays are very
in demand, not just they make our life much easy, but they make our life more
convenient and advantageous than those in the past. We cannot also hide the
fact that because of internet software and hardware systems are now continually
becoming more popular. As the world grow, humans are also tended to be more
dependent on the internet. Internet can
make our life much more easy and efficient. We can easily communicate with
other people inside or outside the country. Help us provides useful
data, information, and knowledge for the personal, social and economic
development. It can also help businesses in communicating and transmitting
information easily to any destination in matter of seconds. Moreover, as we
grow dependent on the internet we also want something that could protect us
from leaking our data, we want to use something that we can trust or in other
word we want a secured and reliable system. As you encounter systems that there
is no one who can manipulate your information, then you can depend on its
information integrity and accuracy. However, issues regarding securing software systems and its
consequences have raised so much concern in many public and private domains,
and as hacker attack on software continues to increase, the demand for secure
software has also increased significantly.
Without having enough understanding
in security attacking defenseless information is the most problem we are facing
today. So, it much more convenient to train early or educate the future
security engineers as early as possible, to let them aware of the fact how
vulnerabilities affect the system and to let them learn some practical methods
in handling those vulnerabilities. The
help of professionals are very essential. The difference between security
professionals and systems developers is that the main concerns of expert in security
is the security of a systems, and most developers are only focus in creating
system that will work with its functionality. While security is one of the
non-functional goals with which developers must be concerned, it is but one of
many. And while security professionals complain that developers don’t take
security seriously, developers are just as frustrated that security
professionals don’t understand that security is not their only concern.
this analysis it introduced the ways of preventing your systems in vulnerability
or to secure your system, managing security risk, reasons of why attacker
attack your system, the approaches in security requirement, the standardization
use in securing your system.
As the technology improved, software
also became more complex and software project grow larger. Software can be
characterized depending on the way they have been develop or the purpose why
they have been created. Software can be characterized by its fundamental
properties. Fundamental properties of software include such things as
functionality, performance, reliability, cost, usability, manageability,
adaptability and, of most interest to us, “security” where integrity takes
design and carelessly developed software has the greater change to be attacked,
because of this the importance of security should be considered in developing
a system. Furthermore, the creation of security in software systems at the
design phase can reduce the high cost and effort associated with the introduction
of security during implementation. For this purpose, security patterns offer security
at the architectural level have been proposed in similarity to the well-known
design patterns. The main goal is to perform risk analysis of software systems
based on the security patterns they need. Fist step is to determine the scale
of a specific security pattern to how much area it can defend in those existing
attacks. And as of now, there are many tools or method which can be used to
obtain risk of a software system.
security as a property of software is what indicates the software’s ability to
resist, withstand, and recover from attacks.
SECURITY PROPERTIES FOR SOFTWARE
The goal of software security is to produce software
that is able to 1:
withstand many anticipated attacks;
in a minimum damage, and from attacks that cannot be resisted or withstood.
It also said that security
is compose of three lower-level properties which are 1, 4, 8:
Availability: This means the software should
always operate accurately and anticipately and should remain available on the
intended user and the outside operation which it must be connected.
Integrity: This mean that there shouldn’t be
way or a method that unauthorized entities can manipulate or control the data,
nor can perform, operate the installation, or execution in the software
content, functionality, configuration.
Confidentiality: This mean that software must
maintain its privacy, the character, location, and existence of the software and
content must be hidden to unauthorized individuals, devices, and any other
software. If it is using a third party’s then it should provide a verification
function to inform the users.
And this are the two additional
lower-level security properties that a secured software should have, this are
more often correspond with information and the intended users who uses it. And
now a day, the two properties are now becoming equally important for the
Accountability: Every activity of the user should
be recorded and tracked with the acknowledgement of software, the user itself
and any other external entities that are connected in the software.
Non-repudiation: Refer to the capability of the
software to prove unto the entities from disproving or denying responsibility
for their action while using with the software.Google AdWords, bütçeniz ne olursa olsun Google'da reklam yayınlamanın hızlı ve basit bir yoludur. AdWords reklamları, arama sonuçlarıyla birlikte Google'da ve büyüyen Google Ağı'ndaki AOL, EarthLink, Antoloji.com ile Blogcu.com gibi arama ve içerik sitelerinde görüntülenir. Google'da yapılan aramalar ve Google Ağında her gün görüntülenen sayfalarla Google AdWords reklamlarınız geniş bir kitleye ulaşır.
Anahtar kelime hedefli AdWords reklamları oluşturduğunuzda, reklamınızın görüneceği anahtar kelimeleri seçersiniz ve her tıklama için ödemek istediğiniz maksimum tutarı belirtirsiniz. Yalnızca bir kullanıcı reklamınızı tıkladığında ödeme yaparsınız. Hatta daha çok tasarruf etmeniz amacıyla, AdWords İndirimcimiz, reklamınızın konumunu korumak için gereken en düşük maliyeti ödemenizi sağlamak için, ödediğiniz gerçek TBM'yi otomatik olarak düşürür.
Yerleşim hedefli AdWords reklamları oluşturduğunuzda, reklamınızın yayınlanacağı Google Ağı içerik sitelerini seçersiniz ve o sitelerde her tıklama (TBM) veya bin sayfa görünümü (BGBM) için ödemek istediğiniz maksimum tutarı belirtirsiniz. Bir kullanıcı reklamınızı görüntülediğinde ödeme yaparsınız. Anahtar kelime hedefli reklamlarda olduğu gibi, AdWords İndirimcisi, reklamınızın ilgili sayfalarda yer kazanması için gereken en düşük maliyeti ödemenizi sağlamak için gerçek tutarı otomatik olarak düşürür.
AdWords'de minimum aylık ücret ödemeniz gerekmez; sadece çok düşük bir etkinleştirme ücreti alınır. Metin, resim ve video reklamlar olmak üzere çeşitli reklam biçimleri arasından seçim yaparsınız ve online hesabınızdaki Kontrol Merkezinizde bulunan raporları kullanarak reklamınızın performansını kolay
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the respiratory system, ears, and sinuses. In particular, the chicken pox virus (varicella) often causes dangerous infections in people with this disorder. Autoimmune disorders, which occur when the immune system malfunctions and attacks the body's tissues and organs, occur in some people with cartilage-hair hypoplasia. Affected individuals are also at an increased risk of developing cancer, particularly certain skin cancers (basal cell carcinomas), cancer of blood-forming cells (leukemia), and cancer of immune system cells (lymphoma).
Some people with cartilage-hair hypoplasia experience gastrointestinal problems. These problems may include an inability to properly absorb nutrients or intolerance of a protein called gluten found in wheat and other grains (celiac disease). Affected individuals may have Hirschsprung disease, an intestinal disorder that causes severe constipation, intestinal blockage, and enlargement of the colon. Narrowing of the anus (anal stenosis) or blockage of the esophagus (esophageal atresia) may also occur.
Cartilage-hair hypoplasia occurs most often in the Old Order Amish population, where it affects about 1 in 1,300 newborns. In people of Finnish descent, its incidence is approximately 1 in 20,000. Outside of these populations, the condition is rare, and its specific incidence is not known. It has been reported in individuals of European and Japanese descent.
Cartilage-hair hypoplasia is caused by mutations in the RMRP gene. Unlike many genes, the RMRP gene does not contain instructions for making a protein. Instead, a molecule called a noncoding RNA, a chemical cousin of DNA, is produced from the RMRP gene. This RNA attaches (binds) to several proteins, forming an enzyme complex called mitochondrial RNA-processing endoribonuclease, or RNase MRP.
The RNase MRP enzyme is thought to be involved in several important processes in the cell. For example, it likely helps copy (replicate) the DNA found in the energy-producing centers of cells (mitochondria). The RNase MRP enzyme probably also processes ribosomal RNA, which is required for assembling protein building blocks (amino acids) into functioning proteins. In addition, this enzyme helps control the cell cycle, which is the cell's way of replicating itself in an organized, step-by-step fashion.
Mutations in the RMRP gene likely result in the production of a noncoding RNA that is unstable. This unstable molecule cannot bind to some of the proteins needed to make the RNase MRP enzyme complex. These changes are believed to affect the activity of the enzyme, which interferes with its important functions within cells. Disruption of the RNase MRP enzyme complex causes the signs and symptoms of cartilage-hair hypoplasia.
Changes in this gene are associated with cartilage-hair hypoplasia.
This condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive condition each carry one copy of the mutated gene, but they typically do not show signs and symptoms of the condition.
These resources address the diagnosis or management of cartilage-hair hypoplasia and may include treatment providers.
You might also find information on the diagnosis or management of cartilage-hair hypoplasia in Educational resources (http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/cartilage-hair-hypoplasia/show/Educational+resources) and Patient support (http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/cartilage-hair-hypoplasia/show/Patient+support).
General information about the diagnosis (http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/consult/diagnosis) and management (http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/consult/treatment) of genetic conditions is available in the Handbook. Read more about genetic testing (http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/testing), particularly the difference between clinical tests and research tests (http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/testing/researchtesting).
To locate a healthcare provider, see How can I find a genetics professional in my area? (http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/consult/findingprofessional) in the Handbook.
You may find the following resources about cartilage-hair hypoplasia helpful. These materials are written for the general public.
You may also be interested in these resources, which are designed for healthcare professionals and researchers.
For more information about naming genetic conditions, see the Genetics Home Reference Condition Naming Guidelines (http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/ConditionNameGuide) and How are genetic conditions and genes named? (http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/mutationsanddisorders/naming) in the Handbook.
Ask the Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/gard).
acids ; anus ; atresia ; autoimmune ; autosomal ; autosomal recessive ; bacteria ; cancer ; cartilage ; cell ; cell cycle ; colon ; constipation ; deficiency ; DNA ; dwarfism ; enzyme ; esophagus ; gastrointestinal ; gene ; gluten ; hypopigmentation ; hypoplasia ; hypotrichosis ; immune system ; immunodeficiency ; incidence ; inherited ; leukemia ; lymphoma ; mitochondria ; molecule ; pigment ; population ; protein ; recessive ; respiratory ; ribosomal RNA ; RNA ; short stature ; stature ; stenosis ; syndrome ; virus
You may find definitions for these and many other terms in the Genetics Home Reference Glossary (http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/glossary).
The resources on this site should not be used as a substitute for professional medical care or advice. Users seeking information about a personal genetic disease, syndrome, or condition should consult with a qualified healthcare professional. See How can I find a genetics professional in my area? (http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/consult/findingprofessional) in the Handbook.kişisel blog yapınca ne oluyor
Birçok insan, kişisel blog yazmaya başlamadan önce neden bir blog açmak istediklerine dair net bir fikre sahip değildir. Ancak, bir blog oluşturmanın kendinizi ifade etmenin harika bir yolu olduğunu keşfedebilirsiniz.
Bir blog, düşüncelerinizi ve deneyimlerinizi paylaşabileceğiniz bir platformdur. Kendi hayatınız hakkında yazabilir, seyahat tecrübelerinizi paylaşabilir veya belki de hobileriniz hakkında yazabilirsiniz. İster okurlarınızla ilgili bilgilendirici yazılar paylaşın, ister sadece kendinize notlar alın, bir blog oluşturmanın birçok avantajı vardır.
Öncelikle, kişisel bir blog açarak online olarak varlığınızı gösterebilirsiniz. İşverenler veya iş ortakları tarafından arandığınızda, kişisel blogunuz işiniz veya hobilerinizle ilgili tutkunuzu ve yeteneklerinizi gösterir.
Ayrıca, blog yazmak, yazarlık becerilerinizi geliştirmenize yardımcı olabilir. Kendinizi ifade etmek için farklı yollar keşfetme fırsatı sunan blog yazımı, yazılı iletişim becerilerinizi ve yaratıcılığınızı artırabilir.
Bununla birlikte, bir blog yazmak sadece iyi yönleriyle değil, dezavantajları ile de gelir. İlk başta, blog yazmak zaman gerektiren bir iş olabilir. İyi bir blog yazısı yazmak için araştırma yapmanız, doğru kelime dağarcığını kullanmanız ve makaleyi düzenlemeniz gerekebilir.
Ayrıca, blog yazarken eleştirilere açık olmanız gerekir. Okuyucularınızın fikirlerinize katılmaması veya hatalarınızı bulması olasıdır. Ancak, bu eleştirileri yapıcı bir şekilde ele alarak blog yazma becerilerinizi geliştirebilirsiniz.
Sonuç olarak, kişisel bir blog açmak, kendinizi ifade etmenin harika bir yoludur. Blog yazmak, yaratıcılığınızı artırırken aynı zamanda online varlığınızı göstermenize yardımcı olabilir. Her ne kadar zaman alan bir aktivite olsa da, blog yazma deneyiminiz, yazılı iletişim becerilerinizin gelişmesine katkıda bulunabilir.
Başlık ve Meta Açıklaması Nasıl Yazılır?
Web sayfalarının arama sonuçlarında dikkat çekmesi için iyi bir başlık ve meta açıklaması yazmak önemlidir. Başlık, web sayfasının adını belirtirken, meta açıklaması ise web sayfasının içeriğini özetler. Bu iki unsuru doğru bir şekilde kullanarak, potansiyel okuyucuların ilgisini çekebilir ve daha fazla tıklama alabilirsiniz.
Başlık, 70 karakterden fazla olmamalıdır ve anahtar kelimenizi içermelidir. Okuyucunun dikkatini çekmek için kısa ve etkili olmalıdır. Başlıkta büyük harflerle başlayan birkaç kelime, okuyucunun dikkatini çekebilir ve web sayfanızın arama sonuçlarında daha yüksek sıralarda yer almasına yardımcı olabilir.
Meta açıklaması, 160 karakterden az olmalıdır ve web sayfanızın içeriğini özetlemelidir. Anahtar kelimenizi içeren bir metin yazmak, okuyucunun web sayfanızı ziyaret etmesine teşvik edebilir. Ayrıca, meta açıklamanızda net ve özlü olmak da önemlidir. Potansiyel okuyucularınız, web sayfanızın ne hakkında olduğunu hızlıca anlamalıdır.
Başlık ve meta açıklaması yazarken, özgünlük ve bağlam da önemlidir. Başka bir web sayfasının başlığını veya meta açıklamasını kopyalamak, arama motorları tarafından cezalandırılmanıza neden olabilir. Kendi kelime dağarcığınızı kullanarak, web sayfanızın özgün ve öne çıkmasını sağlayabilirsiniz.
Sonuç olarak, iyi bir başlık ve meta açıklaması yazmak, web sayfanızın arama sonuçlarında daha fazla tıklama almasına yardımcı olabilir. Anahtar kelimenizi içeren, kısa ve etkili bir başlık ve net ve özlü bir meta açıklaması yazarak, potansiyel okuyucularınızın ilgisini çekebilir ve web sayfanızın görünürlüğünü artırabilirsiniz.
Görsel Optimizasyonu Nasıl Yapılır?
İnternet kullanıcılarına hitap eden bir web sitesi sahibiyseniz, görsel optimizasyonu hakkında bilgi sahibi olmanız oldukça önemlidir. Görsel optimizasyonu, web sitenizin yüklenme hızını artırırken aynı zamanda arama motorları tarafından daha iyi anlaşılmasına da yardımcı olur.
Görsel optimizasyonunun ilk adımı, doğru formatı seçmektir. JPEG dosyaları, fotoğraflar için en uygun olan formattır. PNG dosyaları ise daha küçük boyutlu ve saydam arka planlı resimler için önerilir. GIF dosyaları ise hareketli resimler için kullanılır.
Bir diğer önemli adım, görsellerin boyutlarını optimize etmektir. Büyük boyutlu görseller, web sitenizin yavaş yüklenmesine neden olabilir. Bu nedenle, resimlerin boyutlarını mümkün olduğunca küçültmek önemlidir. Ayrıca, görsellerin dosya boyutlarının da mümkün olduğunca küçük olması gerekir.
Görsellerin dosya boyutlarını küçültmek için çeşitli yöntemler vardır. Bunlardan biri, resimleri sıkıştırmaktır. Ancak, bu işlem sonrasında kalite kaybı yaşanabilir. Dolayısıyla, görsellerin kalitesinin korunması için sıkıştırma işlemi yapılırken dikkatli olunması gerekir.
Görsel optimizasyonu için bir diğer önemli faktör, dosya adlarıdır. Görsellerin dosya adları, arama motorları tarafından indekslenir ve web sitenizin SEO’sunu etkileyebilir. Bu nedenle, resimler için uygun anahtar kelimeleri kullanarak dosya adlarını düzenlemek önemlidir.
Son olarak, görsellerin alternatif metinlerini (alt metin) eklemeyi unutmamalısınız. Alternatif metinler, görüntü yüklenemezse görüntünün yerine geçer ve kullanıcılara resmin ne hakkında olduğu hakkında bilgi verir. Ayrıca, arama motorları da alternatif metinleri okur ve web sitenizin SEO’sunu iyileştirir.
Görsel optimizasyonu, bir web sitesinin başarısı açısından oldukça önemlidir. Doğru formatı seçmek, boyutları optimize etmek, dosya adlarını düzenlemek ve alternatif metinler eklemek, web sitenizin hızını artırırken aynı zamanda arama motorları tarafından daha iyi anlaşılmasına da yardımcı olur. Bu nedenle, web sitenizdeki görsellerin optimizasyonunu ihmal etmemelisiniz.
İç Bağlantılar Neden Önemlidir ve Nasıl Kullanılır?
Web sitelerinin doğru bir şekilde yapılandırılması, arama motorlarında yüksek sıralama elde etmek için çok önemlidir. Bu nedenle, iç bağlantılar web sitenizi optimize etmenin önemli bir parçasıdır.
İç bağlantılar, bir sayfadan diğerine yönlendiren bağlantılardır. Bu bağlantılar, ziyaretçilerin web sitenizde daha fazla zaman geçirmesini sağlarken, arama motorlarının sayfalarınızı gezmesine yardımcı olur. İç bağlantılar ayrıca, web sitenizin hangi içeriğinin daha önemli olduğunu vurgulamanıza yardımcı olur.
İç bağlantıları kullanırken dikkate almanız gereken bazı noktalar var. Öncelikle, iç bağlantıların metinleri, hedef sayfanın anahtar kelimesini içermelidir. Bu, arama motorlarının sayfalarınızın ne hakkında olduğunu daha iyi anlamasına yardımcı olacaktır.
İkinci olarak, iç bağlantılarınızın sayısı ve konumu da önemlidir. Sayfanın üst kısmındaki iç bağlantılar, arama motorlarının sayfayı daha fazla taramasına yardımcı olurken, sayfanın alt kısmındaki bağlantılar, ziyaretçilerin daha fazla sayfaya geçmesine yardımcı olur.
Ayrıca iç bağlantıları kullanırken, bağlantıların doğru şekilde etiketlenmesi de önemlidir. Bağlantılarınızın tam olarak neye işaret ettiğini belirtmek, hem arama motorları hem de ziyaretçiler için daha iyi bir kullanıcı deneyimi sağlar.
Son olarak, web sitenizin tüm sayfalarında iç bağlantılar kullanmak önemlidir. Bu, ziyaretçilerin farklı içerikleriniz arasında kolayca gezinmelerini sağlar.
Özetle, iç bağlantılar web sitenizi optimize etmenin önemli bir parçasıdır. İç bağlantılar, arama motorlarına sayfalarınızı daha iyi anlamalarına yardımcı olurken, ziyaretçilerin de farklı içeriğiniz arasında kolayca gezinmelerini sağlar. Doğru şekilde yapılandırıldığında, iç bağlantılar web sitenizin trafiğini artırmak için harika bir araçtır.
Sosyal Medya Paylaşımları Nasıl Yapılır?
Sosyal medya, günlük hayatımızın vazgeçilmez bir parçası haline geldi. İnsanlar artık arkadaşları ve aileleriyle iletişim kurmanın yanı sıra, işlerini tanıtmak veya fikirlerini paylaşmak için de sosyal medyayı sıklıkla kullanıyorlar. Peki, sosyal medya paylaşımları nasıl yapılır? İşte size bazı ipuçları:
1. Hedef Kitlenizi Belirleyin
Sosyal medya paylaşımlarınızın başarılı olması için öncelikle hedef kitlenizi belirlemeniz gerekiyor. Örneğin, gençler arasında popüler olan bir ürün veya hizmet için Instagram’da paylaşım yapabilirsiniz.
2. Görsel İçeriğe Önem Verin
Sosyal medya paylaşımlarınızda görsel içeriğe önem vermeniz gerekir. Çünkü insanlar görsellerle daha kolay etkileşim kurarlar. Yani, paylaşacağınız görsellerin kaliteli ve ilgi çekici olmasına özen gösterin.
3. Duygusal Bağ Kurun
Sosyal medya paylaşımlarınızın insanların duygularına hitap etmesi çok önemlidir. Bu nedenle, paylaştığınız içeriklerde duygusal bir bağ kurmaya çalışın. Örneğin, bir hayır kurumu için paylaşım yaparken, insanların duygularına hitap edecek bir mesaj yazın.
4. Hashtag Kullanın
Sosyal medya paylaşımlarınızda hashtag kullanmak, içeriğinizin daha fazla kişi tarafından görülmesini sağlar. Örneğin, işletmeniz için bir paylaşım yaptığınızda, ilgili anahtar kelimeleri hashtag olarak ekleyebilirsiniz.
5. Etkileşimi Artırın
Sosyal medya paylaşımlarınızın etkileşim alması, başarılı olmanız açısından çok önemlidir. Bu nedenle, paylaşımlarınıza cevap vererek veya takipçilerinizin yorumlarını beğenerek etkileşimi artırabilirsiniz.
Sonuç olarak, sosyal medya paylaşımları yaparken hedef kitlenizi belirleyin, görsel içeriğe özen gösterin, duygusal bağ kurun, hashtag kullanın ve etkileşimi artırın. Doğru stratejilerle yapılan sosyal medya paylaşımları, işletmelerin tanıtımı için oldukça etkili bir araç olabilir.
Backlinkler Nasıl Alınır ve Hangileri Etkilidir?
Backlinkler, bir web sitesinin arama motorlarında daha yüksek sıralamalarda yer almasına yardımcı olan önemli bir SEO faktörüdür. Ancak, etkili backlinklerin nereden ve nasıl alınacağı hakkında bilgi sahibi olmak önemlidir.
İlk olarak, backlink almak için öncelikle kaliteli içerik üretmek gerekiyor. İçeriğiniz ne kadar yararlı ve ilgi çekiciyse, diğer sitelerin içeriğinizi paylaşma olasılığı da o kadar yüksek olacaktır. Ayrıca, s
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and Dr. Pravin Shah recently published a paper in the Journal of Heart Valve Disease, demonstrating better outcomes with echo-surgery teamwork. As stated in the paper: “Mitral Valve repair was successful in 67 of 68 (98.5%). Repair was unsuccessful in only one patient, who received a successful mitral valve replacement.”
Internationally Renowned Surgeons
The surgeons of Raney Zusman Medical Group have completed trips to India, Paris, Thailand and London to give lectures on mitral valve repair. They have also completed multiple scientific papers on mitral valve repair, including a recent presentation in Barcelona. Hoag Hospital and the surgeons of Raney Zusman host the bi-annual International Valve Symposium in Newport Beach, CA. Our surgeons have also received numerous awards, which can be seen in our awards and outcomes section.
(Pictured at left are Dr. Raney and Sir Magdi Yacoub from the 2005 International Valve Symposium).
More Information on Mitral Valve Repair Surgery
If you have questions about the specifics of mitral valve repair or would like to know if you are a candidate for mitral valve repair surgery, please contact us or call (949) 650-3350 to schedule a consultation.
Please see our section on mitral valve surgery for more information about preparing for mitral valve surgery, what to expect during surgery, and recovery from mitral valve repair surgery.A Registered Nurse (RN) is a nurse who has graduated from a nursing program at a college or university and has passed a national licensing exam. Registered nurses help individuals, families, and groups to achieve health and prevent disease. They care for the sick and injured in hospitals and other health care facilities, physicians' offices, private homes, public health agencies, schools, camps, and industry. Some registered nurses are employed in private practice.A registered nurse's scope of practice is determined by the regional college or association, as well as by the government responsible for health care in the region. These bodies outline what is legal practice for registered nurses and what tasks they may or may not perform.
The scope of practice of registered nurses is the extent to and limits of which an RN may practice. In the United States, these limits are determined by a set of laws known as the Nurse Practice Act of the state or territory in which an RN is licensed. Each state has its own laws, rules, and regulations governing nursing care. Usually the making of such rules and regulations is delegated to a state board of nursing which performs day-to-day administration of these rules, qualifies candidates for licensure, licenses nurses and nursing assistants, and makes decisions on nursing issues. It should be noted that in some states the terms "nurse" or "nursing" may only be used in conjunction with the practice of a Registered Nurse (RN) or licensed practical or vocational nurse (LPN/LVN).
The scope of practice for a registered nurse is wider than for an LPN/LVN because of the level and content of education as well as what the Nurse Practice Act says about the respective roles of each.
RNs are not limited to employment as bedside nurses. Registered nurses are employed by physicians, attorneys, insurance companies. governmental agencies, community/public health agencies, private industry, school districts, ambulatory surgery centers, among others. Some registered nurses are independent consultants who work for themselves. while others work for large manufacturers or chemical companies.
Educational and Licensure Requirements
Associate Degree in Nursing
The most common initial nursing education is a two-year Associate Degree in Nursing Associate of Applied Science in Nursing, Associate of Science in Nursing, Associate Degree in Nursing), a two year college degree degree referred to as an ADN. Some four-year colleges and universities also offer the ADN. Associate degree nursing programs have many prerequisite and co-requisite courses which ultimately stretch out the degree-acquiring process to about 3 years or greater.مبارزه قرن بوکس به سود میودر تمام شد
مبارزه ۳۰۰ میلیون دلاری فلوید میودر و مانی پاکیائو به سود بوکسور آمریکایی به پایان رسید.
مبارزه دو بوکسور سبک وزن و شاخص جهان، فلوید میودر و مانی پاکیائو که به مبارزه قرن مشهور شده بود به سود بوکسور آمریکایی به پایان رسید.
چهل و هشتمین پیروزی متوالی میودر در حالی رقم خورد که به نظر میرسید مانی پاکیائو فیلیپینی، عملکرد بهتری در طول ۱۲ راند این مبارزه داشت.
در پایان کمربند یک میلیون دلاری قهرمانی جهان به میودر رسید.Leisure Suit Larry games for google play, 1996'dan beri uykudaydı. yeniden canlandırılan seri, larry'nin üniversite öğrencisi yeğeni aynı Larry Lovage olarak oynayacağınız ana karakteri değiştiriyor - bu sefer ama genel arsa sessizleşiyor saami sıcak civcivleri baştan çıkarmaya çalışıyor
Tüm bu sıcak ve yoğun araştırmanın anahtarı, şaşırtıcı olmayan bir şekilde iletişimdir. Bulgulara göre, kendilerini “google Play için cinsel olarak tatmin edici oyunlar” olarak değerlendirenler, neredeyse cinsel beğenilerini ve sevmediklerini evli insanlarla sık sık konuştuklarını bildirdiler.La definizione e la soluzione di: E' piena di malviventi. Di seguito troverai la risposta per risolvere le parole crociate de La Settimana Enigmistica e altri giochi come CodyCross.
Nel caso conoscessi altre soluzioni per la stessa domanda ti invitiamo a commentare suggerendo le altre risoluzioni.
Soluzione 6 lettere : galera
Curiosità/Significato su: E piena di malviventiCristian e Palletta contro tutti a ritirare per conto di due malviventi viene coinvolto in una missione più grande di lui: deve far passare una grossa quantità di droga pura al confine 2 ' (219 parole) - 11:50, 5 mar 2021
Altre definizioni con piena; malviventi; Sfoglia ripiena dolce o salata, tipica in Abruzzo; La moglie che si vuole con la botte piena; Come un dispositivo con la batteria piena; Così è la carne piena di parassiti; L'estorsione dei malviventi; Organizzatore di un colpo da malviventi; Sequestrato da malviventi; Si apre ai malviventi; Ultime Definizioniطبق جدول زمان بندی برنامه های تلویزیون فارسی BBC در وب سایت رسمی آن، احتمالا تکرار برنامه دیروز “امروزی ها” که حاوی گزارش جدید و جالبی از هری پاتر و شاهزاده دورگه بود، امشب برای بار دوم ساعت ۲۰:۳۰ به وقت تهران (۱۶ به وقت لندن) پخش خواهد شد.
اطمینان نداریم که این پخش مربوط به تکرار دیروز باشد ولی به احتمال زیاد همان خواهد بود!
به روز رسانی: این برنامه امشب تکرار نمیشود.Delhi’s first solar-powered plant will recycle ‘sewage into drinking water’
On Thursday, Delhi CM Arvind Kejariwal inaugurated Delhi’s first sewage treatment plant that will recycle sewage into drinkable water using advance, tested technology.
The treatment plant is powered by solar energy, and that makes it highly eco-friendly. Delhi Jal Board (DJB) in collaboration with a NGO, SANA (Social Awareness, Newer Alternatives), commissioned the project called ‘Sujala Dhara’ or toilet to tap water.
The project was set up at a cost of Rs. 55 lakh. The plant can treat 5,000 liters of sewage to provide 4,000 liters of drinkable water every hour. The plant operates 24 hours a day and will produce 25 million liters of drinking water annually.
Bio-filtration nano membrane filtration – the technology in use is already working well in the United States. The water is treated through a bio-filter that consists of seven layers of organic and inorganic material including plants, earthworms, sand and pebbles. Further, the water is passed through a nano-filter membrane for more treatment. This membrane has a size of 0.001 micron.
However, it’s a challenging task to get acceptance from public. People will hesitate to use the water. But to encourage and convince the residents, Delhi government has taken an appreciable initiative. The treated water will be bottled and supplied first to DJB and Delhi Secretariat offices. Kejariwal hopes that watching MLAs and the CM drinking treated water will help convincing common people too.
The government is contemplating on setting up six more such plants to combat increasing water-shortage. Considering the prospects and benefits of recycling sewage water, Kejariwal said, “Neighbouring states will stop giving us water in the coming few years as they need to meet the requirement of their citizens. Waste water reuse and management becomes very important in such a case. Only about 50% of the city has sewer connections. If we plan to expand the network with the current plans, we will need years and around Rs 30,000 crore. The solution is to starts smaller plants like this one. These can be built using development charges.”
It’s a highly appreciable initiative by APP government. Moreover, India is lacking behind in keeping up with sustainable and eco-friendly developments in developed nations. Delhi has been ranked the most polluted city in the world. Harnessing solar energy for such projects will further cut a lot of grid electricity consumption.
Delhi is troubled by both water-shortage and electricity bills. Such solutions attend to both troubles.
Image Credit: Hindustan TimesBuna ek olarak, kapsaisin antibakteriyel özelliklere sahip olan ve nüfuz mide korumak için kullanıldıklarında. Bu gastrit, ülser büyük bir önleme, ve bazı uzmanlara göre, ve hatta kanser mide. Zaten sindirim sistemi ile ilgili sorunlar varsa Ancak, dikkatli biber kullanmanız gerekir.
Kapsaisin, kan şekerini düşürür ve mükemmel uykusuzluk mücadele, bu yüzden biber ile tatlandırılmış akşam bir şey yemek - ve iyi uyku olacaktır.
Beslenme düzenli kullanımı ile kırmızı biber ağırlığını azaltmak için yardımcı olduğunu söylüyorlar. olgusunun nedeni biber netlik iştah azaltır ve yağ hücrelerinin parçalanmasını teşvik olmasıdır. Sadece çok fazla biber kapılmak yok - günde en fazla 1 g tüketmek gerekir.
Kırmızı şarap, bal ve sıcak biber karışımı mükemmel bir soğuk ilk belirtileri olur.
Ama biber sağlığı için değil, aynı zamanda güzellik için değil, sadece yararlıdır. Örneğin, cilt gençleştirme için bir maske yapabilirsiniz çünkü. Bunu yapmak için, bazı biber eziyet ve zeytinyağı birkaç damla, gıda bir çay kaşığı eritilmiş balmumu ve küçük bir miktar ile karıştırın. Gres kişi yağlı krem ve maske uygulayın ve 7-10 dakika sonra, su ile iyice durulayın.
Bir buçuk çay kaşığı biber ve bal 50 gr pompa ve Sim saçlar için bir maske yapabilirsiniz. Bir plastik kap koymak kafa derisi içine karışımı sürün ve 20 dakika bekletin ve sonra su ile durulayın.
Bu arada, sıcak biber pencere evde büyümek oldukça kolaydır. Başka şeylerin yanı sıra, o da hatta en şiddetli kış soğuğunda göz parlak kırmızı hoş olacaktır.A cat’s excellent hearing is the “Yang” that goes with their superior “Ying” of night vision. Not only are their ears more sensitive they are mobile with a cat able to move their ears through 180° to face them towards any detected sound. This enables the cat to pinpoint the position of their prey, in both direction and distance.
The mechanism of the cat’s ear responds to vibrations from about 30 kHz, or 30 cycles per second, the same lower limit as in humans.
Highly Sensitive Ears
Cat’s are able to hear sounds resonating at a far higher level than humans can detect at around 65 kHz compared with a human’s 20kHz. Cats live in a different sound world from us a world in which the high pitched squeaks of mice and other small creatures are part of everyday experience.
A mother cat can hear the plaintive cries of lost kittens that would inaudible to you and I.
This excellent hearing in the higher registers explains why, as a general rule, cats respond more readily to womens’ and childrens’ voices than to mens’. It also explains why cats sometimes sit up and pay attention to noises that their owners have not heard. The popular myths about ‘psychic’ cats which can detect disturbances long before they become evident to humans can be explained with the cat’s superior hearing. This perhaps accounts for the regularity with which cats turn up at the gate to meet their owners returning home by car. A particular car’s sound ‘signature’, as far as the cat is concerned, is probably high in the upper registers, beyond human discrimination.
Another feature of a cat’s hearing is its ability to locate the position of sounds very accurately. From a distance of about 1m it can discriminate between two sources of sound only 8cm apart. The brain is able to detect the time delay in the arrival of the two separate sound signals. This is another hunting skill, enabling the cat to locate and track its prey.
Hearing in Scottish Fold Cats
Scottish Fold Cats are a breed of cat with a distinctive genetic variation of their ear shape. Their ear shape was the result of a genetic mutation that became fixed in descendants of the cat with the original mutation, and their unique appearance has become a favourite for many cat owners.
Whilst the sensitivity of Scottish Fold Cat’s hearing remains equally as good as that of any other cat breed, their inability to swivel their ears towrd a sound to pinpoint position and distance must effect their ability to hunt. In the wild, a Scottish Fold cat would likely not do as well as a cat without this mutation. Of course, excellent pinpointing of prey is not required in a domestic cat, so they do just fine as pets!
The Quiet Life
Cats are not big on noisy environments. They are disturbed by loud noises, which is why clapping the hands and saying ‘No! ’loudly is such an effective ploy in training. A cat sharing a home with a dog will often retreat if the dog barks loudly. Not out of fear, out of disturbance. For the same reason a cat will often walk away from noisy children. When the tribe brings their rowdy friend’s home, expect Mr Whiskas to disappear.
Hearing in the Older Cat
Deafness is an ailment to which some cat breeds are prone, especially in old age. White cats historically have suffered from it in greater than average numbers, especially blue-eyed whites to the extent that in odd-eyed cats the deafness is often on the same side as the blue eye. It can affect one or both ears and is incurable.
Though hearing is so important to a cat deafness does not in fact seem to be a great disadvantage if it has been deaf from birth. Their other senses work seem to compensate Deafness does however, affect the mothering skill of a queen who cannot hear the high-pitched cries for food or help of her young kittens so if no other reason, it’s best not to let deaf queens breed.
Deafness in old age comes on gradually and is usually associated with other symptoms of ageing. Persistent shaking of the head or scratching at the pinnae may be an indication of some ear infection or may be the cat’s expression of puzzlement at its declining hearing. In some parts of Australia, ear mites are especially prevalent so if your cat is worrying at its ears, inspect them to rule this out as a cause.
There is nothing to be done about deafness in old age but the cat’s life can be made easier by making sure that it is not suddenly startled and byThese Kindergarten shape tracing designs are made by tracing the same shape template several times, overlaying the shape in different directions to create a variety of interior shapes and spaces. Each table group has a variety of sizes of cardboard or plastic squares, rectangles, triangles, and circles to choose from. When giving directions, I emphasize that they should use only one shape to do all their tracings; I demonstrate this for them using a dark colored crayon for the tracing lines. I point out the variety of shapes and spaces created by the overlapping contour lines of the original shapes, and invite them to color in the spaces however they want to. I also demonstrate cutting the entire design around the outside and gluing it onto a background color that is present in the colored areas.
Interestingly, students will tackle this activity in different ways. Some want to trace the shapes next to each other rather than overlapping. Some like to make large spaces while others will make small ones. Some students take the time to select certain colors for the coloring part, or approach the coloring in a methodical way: starting with the smallest spaces, or starting with the ones nearest the center and radiating out, or starting with the outside spaces and working their way to the center. Some students jump all over the place, switching colors with each new space, while other students might use the same color for several spaces before choosing a new color.
Some students need a contour line to help them cut all around the outside of the shapes, while others grasp the concept right away. It helps to ask each student to trace with their finger where they are going to cut. There are always a couple of students, at least, who cut into the design, so it's important to keep a watchful eye and to be available with scotch tape.
When sharing these, I like to show two or three at a time and ask students to compare the colors, or count the triangles, or find other shapes that have been created by overlapping the original shape. This activity takes less than an hour, uses no special materials other than the shapes for tracing, and can be extended in a variety of ways. Students can be given limited colors to use, they can use chalk or watercolors in the spaces instead of coloring them, or they can be asked to make patterns or do rubbings inside the spaces.L'artrosi nel cane.
L'artrosi - o osteoartrite - è una malattia articolare degenerativa, cronica e progressiva.
È una patologia molto comune: ne soffre circa il 20% dei cani, di tutte le età - giovani, adult
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On 1 August, American forces captured Avranches. Simultaneously, General George Patton's Third United States Army was activated. With the capture of Avranches, American forces were able to "turn the corner" of Normandy, pushing into Brittany and the coastal ports. As a result, German defensive operations could no longer be anchored against the coast on both flanks. By 4 August, seven divisions of the 3rd Army had entered Brittany.
With the American breakthrough, in spite of this costly victory, the Allied forces remained vastly superior in numbers. Five days later the Americans saw the chance to break out of their beachhead. The weakened German defence could not keep up with the savage battle of attrition as little or no reinforcements had arrived, supplies were attacked from the air, and movement by day was made impossible. Hitler forbade any retreat and, instead, ordered an assault to be made under the code name Operation Lüttich. According to Hitler, three qualifications had to be met for the attack to proceed. "Von Kluge [Günther von Kluge, the Supreme Commander West] must believe in it. He must be able to detach enough armour from the main front in Normandy to create an effective striking force, and he must achieve surprise". For his counteroffensive, Von Kluge would have available the XLVII Panzer Corps, consisting of the 2nd Panzer Division, part of the 1st SS Panzer Division, the 2nd SS Panzer Division and the 116th Panzer Division.
The XLVII Panzer Corps was supported by two infantry divisions and five battle groups, formed from the remnants of the Panzer-Lehr Division and four equally battered infantry divisions. Although Hitler promised more reinforcements, von Kluge was sceptical of the chance of their arrival. Aware of the increasing number of American troops moving to his south—creating the potential of being outflanked—von Kluge elected to begin the offensive earlier than originally planned, with the attack commencing at midnight on 6 August 1944.
To avoid alerting American forces to the imminence of a German attack, Operation Lüttich would not use artillery bombardments to precede the attack. The initial attacks, consisting of 300 tanks, would hit the 30th Infantry Division east of Mortain, then cut through American defences to reach the coast. Had surprise been achieved, the attack would likely have succeeded. However, Allied-decoders at Ultra had intercepted the codes for Operation Lüttich by 4 August. As a result, Bradley was able to obtain air support from both the US 9th Air Force and the RAF.
LSSAH, together with the other divisions went on the attack on 7 August after moving to the assembly areas on 5 and 6 August. The 1st SS Panzer Regiment, along with two Panzergrenadier Battalions, one Pionier Company and the division's Flak Battalion, were used for the attack. The weather was not suited for flying that morning, which only disadvantaged the Allies. The result was that the attack went smoothly at first, despite the fact that the Allies knew the attack was coming. The 2nd SS Panzer Division managed to recapture Mortain, and an armoured Kampfgruppe under Joachim Peiper managed to get as far as Bourlopin, but was stopped by massive Allied air power, and American counterattacks. Another attempt was mounted the next day to capture Avranches, but it failed.
A report from SS-Obersturmführer Preuss, 10th Company/2nd SS Panzergrenadier Regiment describes the impossible situation:
It is true that one fighter bomber we shot down landed on a Panzer and destroyed it. Most other Panzer and Schützenpanzer, however, fell victim to this intensive air bombardment, which lasted hours. Those Grenadiers still able to fight had spread themselves out to the left and right through the terrain's many hedges. They were happy to see that the bombers swarming like bees over our heads were finding more rewarding targets than individual men. I agreed with them. I heard that Peiper had suffered a heart attack. Diefenthal [the commander of the III./2nd] lost his hearing when a bomb fell right next to him. Kuhlmann was unable to get the attack moving forward again. My brave messenger, Sturmmann Horst Reinicken, was killed as he tried to reach the command post of the Heer Panzerabteilung to which we were subordinated. He was trying to bring the Panzerabteilung the news that its commander and Adjutant lay dead not far from our hedge.
This marked the end of the campaign in Normandy; the Leibstandarte was encircled by the Americans and Canadians, supported by the 1st Polish Armoured Division, in what would be called the Falaise pocket, but by then the formation was reduced to several small Kampfgruppen. Leibstandarte withdrew from the pocket with Unterführers and Führers each taking the lead of a small Kampfgruppe and smashing through the ring, on 22 August, after which no combat-ready tanks or artillery pieces were reported. The whole campaign caused some 5,000 casualties to the LSSAH. During their retreat from France, members of the LSSAH and Hitlerjugend division murdered 34 French civilians in the towns of Tavaux and Plomion.
The Ardennes Offensive (16 December 1944 – 25 January 1945) was a major German thrust launched towards the end of World War II through the forested Ardennes Mountains region of Belgium, France and Luxembourg on the Western Front. The offensive was called Unternehmen Wacht am Rhein (Translated as Operation The Guard on the Rhine or Operation "Watch on the Rhine.") by the German armed forces. The 'bulge' was the initial incursion the Germans put into the Allies’ line of advance, as seen in maps presented in contemporary newspapers.[page needed][a]
Wacht am Rhein
Operation Wacht am Rhein was the final major offensive and last gamble Hitler was to make. Wilhelm Mohnke, now in command of the Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler, was to lead his formation as the spearhead of the entire operation in the Ardennes. However, the division's high casualties had forced it to take in a large number of inexperienced replacements to add to the core of battle-hardened and experienced veterans. The crisis in the Reich meant that the LSSAH had dangerously low amounts of fuel for its vehicles in the upcoming campaign. The operation began on 16 December 1944, with Mohnke designating his best colonel, SS-Standartenführer Joachim Peiper, and his regiment to lead the push to Antwerp.
In the north, the main armoured spearhead of the Sixth SS Panzer Army was Kampfgruppe "Peiper", consisting of 4,800 men and 600 vehicles of the 1st SS Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler under the command of Joachim Peiper. Its vehicles included Panzer IVs (PzKw IV), Panzer IIs (PzKw II Ausf.H), Panther tanks (PzKw V), Sturmgeschütz III (StuG III Ausf.G), Tiger I (PzKw VI) and Tiger II (Ausf. B).
Bypassing the Elsenborn ridge, at 07:00 on 17 December, the unit seized a US fuel depot at Büllingen, where it paused to refuel before continuing westward. At 12:30, near the hamlet of Baugnez, on the height halfway between the town of Malmedy and Ligneuville, Pieper's kampfgruppe encountered a convoy of the 285th Field Artillery Observation Battalion, US 7th Armoured Division.[page needed] After a brief battle the Americans surrendered. They were disarmed and, with some other Americans captured earlier (approximately 150 men), sent to stand in a field near the crossroads and were shot. A small number of men escaped and a few survived by feigning death. German soldiers involved in this "massacre" claim it was the result of battlefield confusion; some Allied soldiers from a captured convoy had surrendered, but other members of units close by did not know colleagues had surrendered, and continued to fire - causing the Germans to shoot back and kill some of the unarmed American soldiers. It is not known what caused the shooting and there is no record of an SS officer giving an execution order;[page needed] such shootings of prisoners of war (POWs), however, were common by both the Germans and the Soviets on the Eastern Front. News of the killings raced through the Allied lines.[page needed] Captured SS soldiers who were part of Kampfgruppe Peiper were tried following the war for this massacre and several others in the area during the Malmedy massacre trial.
Peiper entered Stavelot on 18 December but encountered fierce resistance from the American defenders. Unable to defeat them, he left a smaller support force in town and headed for the bridge at Trois-Ponts with the bulk of his strength, but by the time he reached it, retreating US engineers had already destroyed it. Peiper pulled off and headed for the village of La Gleize and from there on to Stoumont. There, as Peiper approached, engineers blew up the bridge, the American troops were entrenched and ready. Peiper's men were cut off from the main German force and supplies when the Americans recaptured the poorly defended Stavelot on 19 December. As their situation in Stoumont was becoming hopeless, Peiper decided to pull back to La Gleize where he set up his defences, waiting for the German relief force. Since no such force was able to penetrate the Allied line, Peiper decided to break through back to the German lines on 23 December. The men of the Kampfgruppe were forced to abandon their vehicles and heavy equipment, although most of the men were able to escape.
With each passing day, enemy resistance stiffened and the advance was eventually halted on all fronts. Desperate to keep the assault going, the German High Command ordered that a renewed attack begin on 1 January 1945. Yet by this time, the Allies had regrouped their forces and were ready to repulse any attack launched by the Germans. The operation formally ended on 27 January 1945, and three days later Mohnke was promoted to SS-Brigadeführer. A short while later LSSAH and the I SS Panzer Corps were transferred to Hungary to bolster the crumbling situation there. Mohnke was wounded in an air raid where he suffered, among other things, damage to his hearing. He was removed from front-line service and put on the Führer reserve. In his place, SS-Brigadeführer Otto Kumm was appointed the new Division Commander as of 15 February 1945.
During Battle of the Bulge, soldiers from 3./SS-PzAA1 LSSAH captured eleven African-American soldiers from 333rd Artillery Battalion in the hamlet of Wereth. Subsequently the prisoners were shot and their remains found by Allied troops two months later. The soldiers had their fingers cut off, legs broken, and at least one was shot while trying to bandage a comrade's wounds.
Eastern Front 1945
Operation Spring Awaking (Frühlingserwachen) (6 March 1945 – 16 March 1945) was the last major German offensive launched during World War II and was an offensive begun by the Germans in great secrecy on 6 March 1945. They launched attacks in Hungary near the Lake Balaton area on the Eastern Front. This area included some of the last oil reserves still available to the Axis. The operation involved many German units withdrawn from the failed Ardennes Offensive on the Western Front, including the 6th SS Panzer Army and the LSSAH. Almost inevitably, Operation Spring Awakening was a failure for the German Army. Despite early gains, the operation was a perfect example of Hitler's increasingly poor military judgement toward the end of the war. Its chief flaw was that the offensive was far too ambitious in scope.
After the failure of Operation Spring Awakening, Sepp Dietrich's 6th SS Panzer Army retreated in stages to the Vienna area. The Germans desperately prepared defensive positions in an attempt to hold the city against the fast arriving Soviets, in what become known as the Vienna Offensive.
This debacle is famous for the notorious Armelstreifen (Cuff Titles Order) or "armband order" which followed. The order was issued by Hitler to the commander of the 6th SS Panzer Army, Sepp Dietrich. It was issued when it was evident that 6th SS Panzer and, more importantly, the LSSAH had failed him. However, one must remember this so-called failure was in the face of superior forces of the Red Army. Hitler claimed that the troops "did not fight as the situation demanded." As a mark of disgrace, the units involved were ordered to remove their "Adolf Hitler" cuff titles (German: Ärmelstreifen). In the field Sepp Dietrich was disgusted by Hitler's order. Dietrich told SS-Obersturmbannführer Maier that the armbands "...would stay on." Further that the telegram would not be passed on to the troops. A myth arose that a pile of medals was returned in a chamber pot to Hitler, in the same manner as found in the Goethe play Götz von Berlichingen. In fact, most organisational cuff titles had already been removed to help camouflage Operation Spring Awakening.
Part of the LSSAH ended its days fighting in Berlin. On 23 April 1945, Hitler appointed Brigadeführer Mohnke the commander for the central government district (Zitadelle sector) that included the Reich Chancellery and Führerbunker. Mohnke's command post was under the Reich Chancellery in the bunkers therein. He formed Kampfgruppe Mohnke which was divided into two weak regiments made up of approximately 2,000 men. The core group of his fighting men were the 800 of the Leibstandarte Guard Battalion (assigned to guard the Führer). After Hitler's suicide, they received orders to break out. Prior to the attempt, Mohnke briefed all commanders who could be reached within the Zitadelle sector about the events as to Hitler's death and the planned breakout. It started at 2300 hours on 1 May. It was a "fateful moment" for SS-Brigadeführer Mohnke as he made his way out of the Reich Chancellery. He had been the first duty officer of the LSSAH at the building and was now leaving as the last operational commander in the same place. He led the first of ten main groups and attempted to head northwest towards Mecklenburg. Several very small groups managed to reach the Americans at the Elbe's west bank, but most, including Mohnke's group, could not get through the Soviet lines. Many were taken prisoner and some committed suicide. On 2 May hostilities officially ended by order of Helmuth Weidling, Commandant of the Berlin Defence Area.
After Vienna was captured, the bulk of the LSSAH division surrendered to US forces in the Steyr area on 8 May 1945. The demarcation line between the Soviets and US troops was Enns. Therefore, the roads to Enns were jammed with civilians and soldiers as they hurried to get to the west before the 0100 hours deadline on 9 May when the bridges over the river would be blocked. The men of the LSSAH who made it west were marched off to different Prisoner of War camps. Most of the them went to those in the vicinity of Ebensee.
Lineage of the unit
- Stabswache (SA controlled) – 1923
- Stoßtrupp Adolf Hitler (SA controlled) – 1923
- Stabswache (not under SA control) – March 1933
- SS-Stabswache Berlin – 1933
- SS-Sonderkommando Zossen – 1933
- SS-Sonderkommando Jüterbog – 1933
- SS-Sonderkommando Berlin – September 1933
- Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler – November 1933
- Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler – April 1934
- Infanterie-Regiment (mot.) Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler – 1939
- SS-Division (mot.) Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler – 1941
- SS-Panzergrenadier-Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler – 1943
- 1. SS-Panzer-Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler – 1943
- Otto Beisheim, industrialist
- Kurt Gildisch
- Otto Günsche
- Klaus Havenstein, actor
- Heinrich Kling
- Hugo Kraas
- Kurt Meyer
- Rochus Misch
- Wilhelm Mohnke
- Joachim Peiper
- Franz Schönhuber, Politician
- Franz Staudegger
- Bernhard Siebken
- Balthasar Woll
- Theodor Wisch
- Michael Wittmann
- Max Wünsche
- Heinz von Westernhagen
- 101 SS Heavy Panzer Battalion
- I SS Panzer Corps Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler
- Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler Order of Battle
- List of German divisions in WWII
- List of Knight's Cross Recipients 1st SS Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler
- List of SS personnel
- SS Brigade Schuldt
- This offensive has several other names, including the "Von Rundstedt Offensive" (in reality, von Rundstedt had little to do with it) and, officially to the US Army, the "Ardennes–Alsace Campaign". Several historical works (notably David Eggenberger’s Encyclopedia of Battles) describe this battle as the "Second Battle of the Ardennes".
- Margolian 2000, p. 14.
- Reynolds 1997, p. 3.
- Reynolds 1997, p. 1.
- Johnson 1999, p. 15.
- Reynolds 1997, p. 2.
- Cook & Bender 1994, pp. 17, 19.
- Kershaw 2008, p. 309–314.
- Kershaw 2008, p. 316.
- Reynolds 1997, p. 4.
- Reynolds 1997, p. 6.
- Butler 2001, p. 23.
- Butler 2001, p. 45.
- Reynolds 1997, p. 5.
- Lemay & Heyward 2010, p. 86.
- Stein 1984, p. 28, n.7: Ansprache des Reichsführers SS aus Anlass der Übergabe der Führer-standarte an die Leibstandarte 'Adolf Hitler', Metz, Fort Alvensleben, am 7. September 1940, RFSS/T-175,
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not take the form of a cost-benefit analysis.53 Thus, even if there is utilitarian cost-benefit analysis under the CAT, and even if non-disciplinary solitary confinement’s aggregate positive effects were greater than its negative consequences, this determination would be irrelevant to its legal status.54 In short, a prohibited practice remains prohibited even if it would have benefits that exceed its drawbacks.
A. Non-Disciplinary Solitary Confinement Causes Severe and Predictable Harm to Prisoners, Violating the CAT’s Severity Standard
Non-disciplinary solitary confinement rises to a sufficient level of severity to count as torture under the CAT. The CAT provides comparatively little guidance on the question compared to its other sections, outlining a terse standard of “severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental.”55 While the definition itself provides little guidance, the Special Rapporteur on Torture has addressed the issue directly, holding that solitary confinement as a whole rises to a sufficient level of severity to constitute torture under the CAT because of its negative effects on prisoners.56 Acts that the Special Rapporteur have determined to be torture include beating, suffocation, exposure to intense loud noises and bright lights, and “prolonged denial of rest, sleep, food, sufficient hygiene, or medical assistance, and prolonged isolation and sensory deprivation.”57 While these determinations58 carry influence internationally, the interpretations are not legally binding.
Studies performed on prisoners subjected to solitary confinement show severe pain and suffering that rise to the levels required by the CAT.59 Solitary confinement causes a predictable set of negative effects, including frightening hallucinations, panic attacks, paranoia, and uncontrollable intrusive violent thoughts, among prisoners who are placed into isolation.60 Prison officials can predict the onset of the unique mix of damaging psychological effects due to its reliable occurrence in solitary confinement, which makes placement of prisoners into solitary confinement a knowing decision to cause harm.61 The harmful psychological effects include, but are not limited to, hyper-responsivity to external stimuli, visual and auditory hallucinations, panic attacks, reduced cognitive abilities, memory impairment, obsessive thoughts, invasive violent fantasies, paranoia, and reduced impulse control.62
Solitary confinement causes severe short-term and long-term harm to prisoners who are subject to the practice, even when only for a short period of time. Prisoners frequently suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following isolation due to the severe psychological harm it inflicts.63 Past studies have indicated that placement in solitary confinement has severe negative effects on prisoners’ mental health, including increases in unwarranted anger, hostility, and aggression.64 These effects do not disappear when a prisoner is removed from solitary confinement. Prisoners subjected to solitary confinement often experience significant ongoing behavioral and psychological problems following their release into the general population.65 Research indicates that these issues can extend beyond incarceration and cause prisoners who have experienced solitary confinement to be less likely to successfully reintegrate into society upon release.66 Both electronic brain scans and observation by clinicians reveal strongly negative and often permanent effects on prisoners’ mental health; these effects are significantly pronounced among the significant proportion of prisoners who suffer from pre-existing mental illness.67 These negative effects are in no way a new or recently-discovered phenomena. Clinicians recognized solitary confinement’s severe harm to prisoners as early as the nineteenth century.68 Due to concerns about Soviet prisoner isolation practices, solitary confinement’s negative effects garnered increasing attention among the American public and the scientific community beginning in the mid-1900s.69
The effects of solitary confinement are generally more or less predictable, but prisoners’ special circumstances can magnify and distort the harms in unique ways. For example, reduced cognitive abilities and memory could pose particular problems for prisoners who are isolated while preparing for trial, because these symptoms diminish their ability to work with an attorney and assist in the preparation of an effective defense.70 Inmates suffering from mental health issues experience especially severe problems. Mental illness can result in increased vulnerability to harmful effects from harsh treatment, causing mentally ill prisoners to often experience greater negative effects than prisoners without mental illness.71 Juveniles, whose harsh treatment in prisons is already subject to scrutiny, could also experience negative effects. Juveniles’ relatively vulnerable mental conditions make them more susceptible to psychological harm and trauma that alters their mental development.72
Even if the mental effects of solitary confinement on prisoners are not enough to constitute torture under the CAT, physical effects can also render the practice torturous. Solitary confinement leads to increased rates of self-harm and suicide,73 which qualify as severe negative physical effects and satisfy the physical aspect of the CAT’s severity standard (not to mention that they are often the result of severe mental harm). There is a direct and causal link between prisoners’ placement in solitary confinement and their increased rates of suicide and self-harm, and needless to say suicide or physical self-harm are severely negative physical effects. Arguments that prisoners are wholly responsible for personal decisions to commit suicide or self-harm, thereby fracturing any causal chain, do not hold water for two reasons. First, prisoners in solitary confinement experience a reduced degree of agency to begin with due to their harmful and isolating environment. Second, and more importantly, a wide majority of national penal codes recognize inciting, encouraging, or instigating suicide as a criminal offense that causes harm to the individual attempting suicide,74 suggesting an international consensus on the issue. However, a number of these laws vary in their standards for mens rea, ranging from “direct provoking” to simple “complicity,” which makes it possible that, in countries with a higher standard, officials would be required to have intent to drive prisoners to suicide, which is extremely unlikely.75
Additionally, the presence of severe physical effects can work in the opposite direction and instead serve as evidence of ongoing mental harm, strengthening claims that solitary confinement meets the CAT’s severity standard solely through its mental effects as shown through physical manifestations. In this sense, physical manifestations are outward indicators that placement in solitary confinement is causing severe mental harm to a prisoner.76 Self-harm is more frequent in solitary confinement than in the general population, and when self-harm occurs, it indicates that the practice is causing severe harm to inmates.77 While the negative mental and physical effects of solitary confinement may increase in severity over time, they also cause acute harm after only short periods of time. Observational and EEG78 tests indicate that measurable negative effects appear in prisoners after a matter of days in solitary confinement.79 Given the immediacy of its negative effects, even short-term solitary confinement violates the CAT’s severity standard.
Non-disciplinary solitary confinement falls under the jurisdiction of the CAT, no matter where it occurs around the world because actions taken by individuals acting under the color of state authority qualify under the CAT’s jurisdiction. Actions taken by state actors within a state’s borders fall within the CAT’s jurisdiction.80 This covers the vast majority of non-disciplinary solitary confinement in the world, because most prisons are located within the operating state’s borders and operated by employees of the state.
The question of jurisdiction is more complicated for actions outside of a state’s borders, but the CAT still has jurisdiction in these instances. Despite the added complexity, actions taken outside of a state’s borders by a corrections officer acting under color of the state also fall within the jurisdiction of the CAT, due to the CAT’s prohibition on states practicing torture in any territory under their jurisdiction.81 Among most scholars and legislators, the CAT is still interpreted to include extraterritorial detention, rendering the prohibition on solitary confinement applicable in these instances as well.82 A loophole that countries could engage in prohibited practices only when they are being performed on non-citizens would be illogical and likely lead to more torture due to a lack of political accountability for torturing non-citizens.
The CAT also requires that for a practice to count as torture, it must be committed by an actor in their official capacity. This standard requires, in essence, that the person committing the torture is acting as a representative of the state at the time, and not as a private citizen committing the acts for their own, private reasons.83 The standard for torture is fairly easily satisfied by non-disciplinary solitary confinement. The practice is almost exclusively undertaken by corrections officers and administrators acting in their official capacity within a prison, jail, or other state-run correctional facility, with the full backing of state authority and the symbolic status as an authority figure conferred by a badge and uniform.84 There is little to no confusion among prisoners that the individual putting them into solitary confinement is acting as an agent of the state.
If a way did exist for an individual to act without color of state action and outside of their official role when carrying out a transfer of a prisoner into non-disciplinary solitary confinement, the confinement would possibly not count as torture under the CAT. Such a scenario would likely only occur in instances similar to those resulting in criminal prosecutions for false imprisonment in the U.S., which are different from solitary confinement in correctional facilities that operate with state authority even when managed by private operators under government contracts. This sequence of events seems virtually impossible within a correctional facility given the ways that prisoners are placed in solitary confinement in jails and prisons.
Intent is likely the easiest factor of the CAT to apply to non-disciplinary solitary confinement. To meet the intent standard, the actor must simply intend to inflict suffering for a prohibited purpose.85 These purposes include obtaining information or a confession, punishment, intimidation, and discrimination.86 As such, “merely negligent conduct does not, without more, amount to torture.”87 For the CAT to apply to solitary confinement, prison administrators must manifest the required intent when placing prisoners into solitary confinement.88 The most difficult determination under this standard is whether the actor intends to inflict suffering. Placing prisoners into solitary confinement with the intent of inflicting its severe and extremely common effects is enough to qualify as intentionally inflicting suffering on a prisoner.89 Additionally, courts have found that, even standing alone, knowledge that a prisoner will experience severe pain or harm is enough to meet this standard, thus making the standard one of constructive intent.90 An individual who places a prisoner into solitary confinement expecting the inevitable resulting suffering meets the constructive intent standard. As long as the actor has some sort of affirmative intent to take the action in question, they likely meet the standard.91
The purpose element narrows which types of non-disciplinary solitary confinement constitute torture and is likely the most difficult part of determining whether non-disciplinary solitary confinement falls under the reach of the CAT. To meet the CAT’s purpose standard, the act must be committed for one of the specific purposes listed in the treaty: “obtaining . . . information or a confession . . . or intimidating or coercing him or a third person, or for any reason based on discrimination of any kind.”92 If prison officials are able to demonstrate that solitary confinement is used for a purpose other than one of those listed, then it would likely be allowed.
Practices such as pre-trial solitary confinement and long-term administrative segregation for dangerous prisoners likely include intimidation or coercion as a significant part of their purpose.93 The European Court of Human Rights has held in a ruling under the European Convention on Human Rights that purpose is a vital part of the determination of whether an act is torture, because it differentiates torture from cruel treatment inflicted on a prisoner.94 Such treatment is also worthy of condemnation, but if it falls short of torture then it does not trigger the full weight of the CAT.
In practice, the prison administrator’s purpose in assessing the punishment influences the severity of the effects of solitary confinement on prisoners. Prisoners who perceive their situation as threatening are more likely to experience negative mental health effects than other prisoners, which is especially important because the principal harms of solitary confinement are mental rather than physical.95 However, the coercion, discrimination, and information-forcing elements of purpose under the CAT likely cover widely-used applications of non-disciplinary solitary confinement, including isolation of inmates for weeks at a time and unnecessary confinement of LGBT prisoners and people of color.96 The information-forcing element covers instances such as pre-trial solitary confinement, and the coercion or intimidation element has broad applicability to practices such as administrative segregation that frighten prisoners and attempt to induce compliant behavior.
This Comment divides non-disciplinary solitary confinement into four main types: pre-trial solitary confinement, administrative segregation, protective custody, and long-term non-disciplinary solitary confinement. Each of these practices warrants its own analysis under the CAT because of their unique elements, such as pre-trial solitary confinement’s use on prisoners who have not yet been convicted or protective custody’s common application as a response to threats of violence.
It is very likely that pre-trial solitary confinement constitutes torture under the CAT, regardless of duration. In 2011, the U.N. Special Rapporteur on Torture explicitly found pre-trial solitary confinement to be torture under Article 1 of the CAT when used to obtain information or a confession.97 The Special Rapporteur has determined that pre-trial solitary confinement is used for its coercive power in order to pressure prisoners to confess or to make false statements to authorities.98 Though pre-trial solitary confinement may often be used for a shorter length of time than other forms of non-disciplinary solitary confinement, it causes a unique set of harms due to its immediate proximity to trial, as well as its application to prisoners who have not yet been convicted and may be deemed not guilty following a trial.99 Even if it is not explicitly used to obtain a confession or other information, it is used on vulnerable detainees who have not been convicted of a crime and have no information about when their stay in solitary confinement could end, indicating that it is unacceptably coercive and intimidating.100
Pre-trial solitary confinement is frequently ordered by prison administrators with the specific intent of intimidating defendants into cooperating with law enforcement before trial and inflicts unnecessary suffering on prisoners subject to the practice.101 Officials often use pre-trial solitary confinement to “soften up” defendants in order to obtain confessions or plea bargains.102 This application pushes the practice into prohibited territory under the CAT, as these are goals related to the prohibited motive of obtaining information.103 There is no legitimate prison management reason to place many pre-trial defendants into solitary confinement because it is only used for prisoner coercion instead of prison administration.104 The suffering pre-trial solitary confinement causes is unnecessary for prison management or administration, making its continued use contrary to the CAT’s provisions.
The addition of the right to remain silent to the CAT could reduce pre-trial solitary confinement because it is often used to force information from prisoners.105 Because of its potential effects on solitary confinement, some commentators support adding explicit language on the right to remain silent to the CAT.106 Such a right is already sometimes inferred from the CAT’s provisions barring the use of information obtained through torture.107 Under this logic, the right to remain silent is complementary to the right to be free from information-motivated torture, and the U.N. currently encourages states to make such a right part of their domestic laws.108 Instituting a uniform standard as part of the CAT could have a limited but noticeable effect on pre-trial isolation due to prison administrators’ use of the practice to obtain information from prisoners before trial. If prisoners have a uniform right to remain silent, then administrators would have less incentive to use isolation because prisoners could withhold confessions or statements.
Administrative segregation also constitutes torture, though this is a closer call than other practices. Administrative segregation is a common practice in prisons “used to separate those deemed to pose a significant threat to institutional security from the general population.”109 The main problem is the purpose standard. Administrative segregation is generally not undertaken to garner information or a confession, is non-disciplinary, and is debatably not intended to intimidate or coerce the prisoner.110 The CAT explicitly forbids the use of necessity or emergency to justify a practice that would otherwise count as torture.111 However, the justification for administrative segregation is often that it promotes prisoners’ safety and the general order of the prison in cases of immediate danger or what an average person would commonly understand to be extenuating circumstances.112 Because of this justification, it seems possible, if not likely, that an international body would find administrative segregation to be a necessary part of prison management and not deem it to be torture. This is despite the CAT’s explicit exclusion of extenuating circumstances or immediate danger from the calculus, and the fact that such a holding would require the body to ignore or minimize some element of the definition of torture.113 In short, most international bodies would be unable to ignore what they would see as an inevitable and undesirable transfer of prisoners who need different treatment than the rest of the prison population from administrative segregation to the general population.114
Despite what international bodies may be likely to hold, a purely textual determination under the CAT indicates that administrative segregation is likely torture. It unnecessarily harms prisoners and is performed at least in part to intimidate or coerce them.115 While administrative segregation is claimed to allow prisoners to cool off after a violent episode, it is instead coercive due to the highly unpleasant nature of solitary confinement.116 Even if administrators do not explicitly employ administrative segregation as a coercive tactic, the nature of solitary confinement makes a coercive element inevitable. Prison administrators who understand these coercive factors and place prisoners into administrative segregation have met the intent standard through knowledge of its inevitable effect. In addition, administrative segregation is often overused, with prisoners who are not legitimately violent placed into solitary confinement as an imprecise management tool to address prison administration issues, such as individuals’ undue influence on other prisoners or perceived disorder in prison populations.117 Additionally, administrative segregation could potentially be simply disciplinary solitary confinement masked as prisoner management—a clear instance of torture. In this type of masked disciplinary practice, administrative segregation subjects prisoners to severe harm without a corresponding necessity and likely constitutes torture. The presence of alternative, less-damaging ways to protect prisoners who would suffer harm in the general population makes solitary confinement for such reasons an inhumane practice.
Administrative segregation in any form is an unnecessarily cruel practice that meets the CAT’s severity standard due to the severe harm it causes to prisoners.118 Administrative segregation in solitary confinement is not the only way to control prisoners and enforce order in dangerous prison management situations. Prison administrators have the option to use humane and efficient prison administration techniques like less-restrictive housing units that still allow significant control of prisoners, time outside of cells for closely-supervised communal activities in administrative segregation cellblocks, and step-down units to deescalate conflicts within prisons.119 Additionally, isolating violent prisoners in administrative segregation is not linked to increased prison safety, indicating that current techniques for administrative segregation are unproductive and do not accomplish their stated goals.120
Beyond its limited utility in prisons, administrative segregation using solitary confinement can be counterproductive, given the effects of complete social isolation on the majority of prisoners subjected to the practice, especially those suffering from mental illness. Prisoners who are released back into the general population suffer the lingering effects of solitary confinement, including paranoia, increased anger, and violent impulses.121 Any one of these changes clearly meets the CAT’s standard for severity, and as a matter of policy these effects on prisoners are undesirable for prison administrators and officials. If the purpose of administrative segregation is to address problems within prisons such as violence and angry confrontations, placing prisoners into total isolation is a self-defeating temporary solution that at best ignores and at worst reinforces systemic problems within the prison system. Given its ineffect
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مطب پزشکان“، حكم استثنایی فوقالذکر را به صورت جزئی نسخ نموده است. به موجب این ماده واحده “فعالیت شغلی پزشکان و صاحبان حرف وابسته در ساختمانهای مسکونی و تجاری ملکی و اجاری بلامانع است”.
بنابراین از زمان الحاق تبصره بند ۲۴ ماده ۵۵ به قانون شهرداری (۱۳۵۲/۵/۱۷) تا تاریخ تصویب ماده واحده قانون محل مطب پزشکان (۱۳۶۶/۱۰/۲۰ )، دایر کردن مطب (پزشکی) همانند دایر کردن دفتر وکالت و دفتر اسناد رسمی و ازدواج و طلاق و دفتر روزنامه و مجله و دفتر مهندسی، تنها زمانی در کاربری غیر تجاری ممکن بود و مشمول استثنای مذکور در تبصره بند ۲۴ ماده ۵۵ قانون شهرداری قرار می گرفت که از سوی مالک و به مباشرت صورت بگیرد ولی از زمان تصویب ماده واحده اخیرالذکر در ۱۳۹۶/۱۰/۲۰ ، دایر نمودن و فعالیت شغلی پزشکان و صاحبان حرف وابسته در ساختمان های مسکونی و تجاری، چه به عنوان مالک و به مباشرت و چه به عنوان مستاجر، بلامانع شده است.
به عبارتی این ماده ناسخ تبصره بند ۲۴ ماده 55 قانون شهرداری در خصوص دفتر مطب پزشکان می باشد در نتیجه سایر قسمت های تبصره مزبور به قوت خود باقی است.
(رای وحدت رویه شماره ۵۷۶ مورخ ۱۳۷۱/۷/۱۴ هیات عمومی دیوان عالی کشور و آراء ۸۷۲ مورخ ۱۳۸۷/۱۲/۱۸ و ۷۸ مورخ ۱۳۹۵/۲/۲۱ هیات عمومی دیوان عدالت اداری نیز مبین همین امر میباشند.)
علاوه بر قانون اخیرالذکر که دایر نمودن مطب چه به عنوان مالک و چه به عنوان مستاجر را در اماکن غیر تجاری از جمله مسکونی، مجاز دانسته است، “قانون محل دفاتر روزنامه و مجله” مصوب ۱۳۷۷/۲/۱۳ نیز دایر نمودن دفاتر روزنامه و مجله در واحدهای تجاری، اداری و مسکونی را چه به عنوان مالک و چه به عنوان مستاجر مجاز دانسته است.
بنابراین از زمان الحاق تبصره بند ۲۴ ماده ۵۵ به قانون شهرداری (۱۳۵۲/۵/۱۷) تا تاریخ تصویب ماده واحده قانون محل دفاتر روزنامه و مجله ( ۱۳۷۷/۲/۱۳)، دایر نمودن دفاتر روزنامه و مجله در کاربری غیر تجاری، تنها از سوی مالک مجاز بوده است.
به عبارتی در این برهه زمانی، دایر نمودن دفاتر روزنامه و مجله در اماکن غیر تجاری توسط غیر مالک، تجاری محسوب شده و منجر به صدور حکم تعطیلی از سوی کمیسیون ماده صد می شد. با تصویب قانون محل دفاتر روزنامه و مجله در ۱۳۷۷/۲/۱۳، از این تاریخ دایر نمودن دفتر روزنامه و مجله در اماکن غیر تجاری توسط مالک و مستاجر مجاز شده است.
۴. به موجب ماده ۱ “آیین نامه انتظامی رسیدگی به تخلفات صنفی و حرفه ای شاغلان حرفه های پزشکی و وابسته”، حرفه های وابسته به امور پزشکی عبارتند از: “فارغ التحصیلان کاردانی، کارشناسی و کارشناسی ارشد و بالاتر شاغل در رشته های علوم آزمایشگاهی، بیوتکنولوژی، رادیولوژی، بیورادیولوژی، رادیوتراپی، پرستاری، مامایی، اطاق عمل، هوشبری، داروسازی، تغذیه، مبارزه با بیماری ها، بهداشت خانواده، بهداشت – کار دهان و دندان، فارغ التحصیلان دانشکده بهداشت، رشته های مختلف توانبخشی، فیزیوتراپی، بیوشیمی پزشکی، خدمات اجتماعی و مددکاری و علوم پایه پزشکی، روانپزشکی بالینی، کایروپراکتیک و روان شناسی بالینی و کودکان استثنایی و ژنتیک پزشکی و نیز سایر حرفه های وابسته به امور پزشکی که فعالیت آنان نیاز به اخذ مجوز از وزارت بهداشت، درمان و آموزش پزشکی دارد”.
موارد مذکور در این ماده جنبه تمثیلی داشته و مطابق بند آخر، تمام “حرفه های وابسته به امور پزشکی که فعالیت آنها نیاز به اخذ مجوز از وزارت بهداشت، درمان و آموزش پزشکی دارد”، حرفه وابسته به امور پزشکی محسوب می شوند.
آیین نامه اجرایی قانون آموزش مداوم جامعه پزشکی کشور نیز بعضی دیگر از مصادیق حرف وابسته به امور پزشکی از جمله مامایی، فیزیوتراپی، ساخت اندام مصنوعی، ساخت عینک طبی، لیسانس های داروسازی، توانبخشی، دندانسازان تجربی را شناسایی نموده است.
به طور کلی مصادیق حرف وابسته پزشکی در قوانین احصا نشده است اما با عنایت به بند آخر ماده ۱ آییننامه انتظامی رسیدگی به تخلفات صنفی و حرفه ای شاغلان حرفه های پزشکی و وابسته، “تمام حرفه های وابسته به امور پزشکی که فعالیت آنها نیاز به اخذ مجوز از وزارت بهداشت، درمان و آموزش پزشکی دارد“، را می توان به عنوان ملاکی برای تعیین حرف وابسته به امور پزشکی در نظر گرفت.
۵. تبصره بند ۲۴ ماده ۵۵ قانون شهرداری، به موجب “قانون الحاق دو تبصره به ماده ۵۵ و اصلاح تبصره یک ماده صد قانون شهرداری مصوب ۱۳۵۲/۵/۱۷ “، به قانون شهرداری الحاق شد.
اولاً اینکه قبل از تصویب این قانون (در ۱۳۵۲/۵/۱۷ )، حکم خاصی در مورد “استفاده تجاری از کاربری های غیر تجاری در مناطق غیر تجاری” وجود نداشت لذا در مورد تغییر کاربری های قبل از این تاریخ ( ۱۳۵۲/۵/۱۷ )، “استفاده تجاری از مناطق غیر تجاری” هم، مانند سایر استفاده های غیر مجاز از کاربری، مشمول تبصره ۱ ماده صد قانون شهرداری قرار گرفته و مورد رسیدگی واقع می شوند و پس از تصویب قانون اخیرالذکر در ۱۳۵۲/۵/۱۷ است که “استفاده تجاری از مناطق غیر تجاری” از شمول تبصره یک ماده صد خارج شده و مشمول بند ۲۴ ماده 55 قانون شهرداری قرار می گیرد.
ثانیاً با توجه به اینکه تبصره ۱ ماده صد قانون شهرداری، به موجب “قانون اصلاح پاره ای از مواد و الحاق مواد جدید به قانون شهرداری مصوب سال ۱۳۳۴” در ۱۳۴۵/۱۱/۲۷ به قانون شهرداری الحاق شده است، استفاده های غیر مجاز از کاربری ها قبل از ۱۳۴۵/۱۱/۲۷ ، تخلف نبوده و کمیسیون ماده صد، صلاحیتی در رسیدگی به تخلفات در تغییر استفاده از کاربری ها که قبل از ۱۳۴۵/۱۱/۲۷ صورت گرفته است، ندارد.
۶. دائر کردن دفتر وکالت و مطب و دفتر اسناد رسمی و ازدواج و طلاق و دفتر روزنامه و مجله و دفتر مهندسی (به) وسیله مالک، تنها از نظر “قانون شهرداری” استفاده تجاری محسوب نمی شود.
بنابراین تجاری محسوب کردن هر کدام از این فعالیت ها در قوانین دیگر با اهدافی دیگر به طور مثال با هدف دریافت عوارض یا حق کسب و پیشه و … تاثیری بر این تبصره نخواهد داشت مگر این که به موجب حکم خاص قانونی دیگر، دائر کردن هر کدام از این فعالیت ها، استفاده تجاری محسوب شود.
۷. رأی شماره ۱۰۷ مورخ ۱۳۹۱/۳/۱ هیأت عمومی دیوان عدالت که مقرر کرده است “استفاده تجاری از قسمت هایی از ملک که در پروانه ساختمانی کاربری غیر تجاری دارد تخلف محسوب و حسب مورد مستوجب تعیین جریمه یا تخریب خواهد بود.”
به نظر می رسد با حکم مقرر در تبصره بند ۲۴ ماده ۵۵ قانون شهرداری تعارض داشته باشد.
در مقام حل تعارض و جمع رای مذکور با تبصره اخیرالذکر، می توان اینگونه استدلال نمود که رای شماره ۱۳۹۱/۱۰۷ هیات عمومی دیوان عدالت اداری در مورد استفاده تجاری از کاربری غیر تجاری در منطقه تجاری صدور یافته است.
به این معنی که حکم مندرج در تبصره بند ۲۴ ماده ۵۵ قانون شهرداری (تعطیلی) مختص استفاده تجاری از کاربری غیر تجاری در منطقه غیر تجاری است.
مفهوم مخالف این عبارت بیانگر این است که استفاده تجاری از کاربری غیر تجاری در منطقه تجاری، مثل سایر استفاده های غیر مجاز از کاربری ها (جز در مورد مشمول تبصره بند ۲۴ ماده ۵۵ قانون شهرداری یعنی استفاده تجاری از کاربری غیر تجاری در منطقه غیر تجاری)، مشمول تبصره ۱ ماده صد قانون شهرداری قرار گرفته و حکم مندرج در این تبصره (جریمه یا قلع) در مورد آن صادر می شود.
گردش کار رای مذکور نیز مبین این تفکیک می باشد.
۸. به موجب تبصره ۱ ماده صد و تبصره بند ۲۴ ماده ۵۵ قانون شهرداری، مجازات تغییر غیر مجاز کاربری به شرح زیر می باشد:
دایر نمودن محل کسب و پیشه و تجارت در منطقه غیر تجاری | تعطیلی (تبصره بند ۲۴ ماده ۵۵ قانون شهرداری)
سایر استفاده های غیر مجاز از کاربری ها | جریمه یا قلع (تبصره ۱ ماده ۱۰۰ قانون شهرداری)
با عنایت به اصل عدم صلاحیت و حاکمیت قانون، صلاحیت کمیسیون ماده صد محدود به نص قانون است.
بنابراین کمیسیون مذکور نمی تواند مجازاتی جز موارد تعیین شده در قانون را اعمال نماید.
در بعضی موارد از جمله در مورد “دایر نمودن محل کسب و پیشه و تجارت در منطقه غیرتجاری” ، برخی اوقات رای به “اعاده” صادر شده است.
باید توجه داشت که حكم مندرج در تبصره بند ۲۴ ماده ۵۵ قانون شهرداری، “تعطیلی” است و کمیسیون مکلف به صدور حکم به “تعطیلی” در این موارد می باشد (نظریه ۷/۲۶۷ مورخ ۱۳۷۷/۱/۱۳ اداره کل حقوقی قوه قضاییه) و حکم به “اعاده” نمی تواند داخل در صلاحیت کمیسیون باشد.
البته در مورد تخریب مذکور در ماده ۱۰۰ قانون شهرداری، اعاده گاهی اثر تخریب می باشد با این وجود به نظر می رسد صدور حکم به اعاده خارج از صلاحیت کمیسیون ماده صد است.
۹. مشاغلی که در تبصره بند ۲۴ ماده ۵۵ قانون شهرداری ذکر شده و یا به موجب قوانین دیگر از امتیاز آن برخوردار می شوند، استثنایی بر اصل لزوم استفاده از املاک موافق کاربری مصوب هستند و در اجرای استثنا باید به نص قانونی اکتفا کرد.
بر این مبنا، منظور از ‹ مالک › در این تبصره مالک عین (مالک اصل ملک) است، نه مالک منافع. نظریه شماره ۷/۴۴۷۲ مورخ ۱۳۸۸/۷/۲۱ اداره کل حقوقی قوه قضائیه مؤید این نظر است.
۱۰. به موجب ماده یک قانون تملک آپارتمانها مصوب ۱۳۴۳ مالکیت اشخاص در آپارتمانها به مالكیت قسمت های اختصاصی و مالکیت در قسمت های مشترک تفکیک گردیده است و این قانون شامل محل های کسب و پیشه و سکنی می شود.
استفاده از قسمت های اختصاصی جهت فعالیت شغلی پزشک و حرف وابسته پزشکی و سایر مشاغل مستثنی شده در تبصره بند ۲۴ ماده ۵۵ قانون شهرداری، در ساختمان مسکونی مانع قانونی ندارد و رای وحدت رویه شماره ۵۷۶ مورخ ۱۳۷۱/۷/۱۳ هیات عمومی دیوان عدالت اداری و تبصره بند ۲۴ ماده ۵۵ قانون شهرداری نیز بر همین امر تصریح دارد.
لیكن از آنجائی که استفاده از محل مسکونی برای فعالیت شغلی پزشک و صاحبان حرف وابسته در قسمت های اختصاصی مستلزم استفاده از قسمت های مشترک نیز بوده و در قسمت های مشترک هیچ یک از مالكین حق استفاده انحصاری از محلی را نداشته و مالکیت در قسمت های مشترک متعلق به کلیه مالكین می باشد و از نظر تفکیک قسمتهای اشتراکی و اختصاصی از همدیگر امکانپذیر نیست،
بنابراین تصرف مادی در قسمت های اشتراکی آپارتمان بدون اذن شرکای دیگر جائز نبوده و مستفاد از ماده ۴۷۵ و ۵۷۹ قانون مدنی، در قسمت های مشترک آپارتمان حقوق متعدد مالکیت در آن واحد بر یک شیء استقرار پیدا می کند و تصرف مادی هر شریک در مال مشاع هر چند تصرف در موضوع مالكیت حق او است لیكن این تصرف عیناً با تصرف در حق مالکیت شرکای دیگر ملازمه دارد.2015, VOL. 1 ISSUE 1, PART A
Inclusive Education in Kolkata - How the Parents View It
Author(s): A Mukherjee, S. Neogi, D. Sikdar
The present study investigated the sentiment, attitude, concern and opinion of parents towards inclusive education. A comparison was made between the parents having a normal child and a parent having a special educational needs (SEN) child. The sample comprised of 50 parents. The sample was drawn by purposive sampling technique from schools of Kolkata. The Attitude toward Inclusion / Mainstreaming Scale (Leyser & Kirk, 2004) and a structured questionnaire on Sentiment, Concern and Opinion towards Inclusive Education (prepared by the investigator) were administered. The responses were coded and tabulated for statistical analysis. Analysis of the data was made by calculating the frequencies, means, standard deviations, t-tests and chi-square. The results revealed that there was a significant difference between the two groups of parents on the sentiment, attitude, concern and opinion regarding inclusive education. The different demographic factors considered in the study - age, educational qualification, significant interaction with the disabled, number of children of respondent and age of SEN child and level of severity of disability of SEN child (only for parent having SEN child) were found to be influencing the parents’ sentiment, attitude, concern and opinion towards inclusive education. Findings have implications for future programme implementation.
How to cite this article:
A Mukherjee, S. Neogi, D. Sikdar. Inclusive Education in Kolkata - How the Parents View It. Int J Home Sci 2015;1(1):41-45.رشد ۳۳۹ درصدی خروج زائران اربعین نسبت به سال قبل/ فعالیت ۱۰ ساعته مرز خسروی در روز
رشد ۳۳۹ درصدی خروج زائران اربعین نسبت به سال قبل/ فعالیت ۱۰ ساعته مرز خسروی در روز
عصرکاسپین / رئیس ستاد مرکزی اربعین گفت: بر اساس آخرین آمار از اول صفر تا هفتم این ماه ۴۷۹ هزار نفر از مرزهای کشور به سمت عراق خارج شدند که رشد ۳۳۹ درصدی را نشان میدهد. درحالی که در مدت مشابه سال قبل بیش از ۱۰۹ هزار نفر خارج شده بودند.
حسین ذوالفقاری رئیس ستاد مرکزی اربعین حسینی صبح امروز در نشست خبری با حضور اصحاب رسانه اظهار داشت: بر اساس آخرین آمار تا یک ساعت قبل بیش از دو میلیون و ۳۰۰ هزار نفر در سامانه سماح ثبت نام کردند و تا روز گذشته نیز یک میلیون و ۱۵۰ هزار فقره گذرنامه جدید نیز صادر شده است که نسبت به سال گذشته رشد ۹۷ درصدی داشته است. همچنین ۴۰۰ هزار برگه تردد موقت نیز برای زائران صادر شده است.
وی با بیان اینکه تا این لحظه ۳ هزار و ۱۰۰ دستگاه کامیون، بارهای مختلف مواکب را به داخل عراق حمل کردند، افزود: پیشبینی میشود در مجموع ۶ هزار دستگاه کامیون بارهای مختلف مواکب ایرانی اعم از تغذیه و دیگر اقلام را به داخل کشور عراق حمل کند.
رشد ۳۳۹ درصدی خروج زائران اربعین نسبت به سال قبل
رئیس ستاد مرکزی اربعین حسینی با بیان اینکه هم اکنون هر ۴ مرز شلمچه، چذابه، مهران و خسروی برای تردد زائران اربعین در حال فعالیت است، گفت: مرز خسروی از ساعت ۸ و ۴۵ دقیقه امروز صبح مجددا کار خود را آغاز کرده است و بر اساس آخرین آمار از اول صفر تا هفتم این ماه ۴۷۹ هزار نفر از مرزهای کشور به سمت عراق خارج شدند که رشد ۳۳۹ درصدی را نشان میدهد زیرا سال گذشته در مدت مشابه بیش از ۱۰۹ هزار نفر خارج شده بودند که بیشترین تردد نیز در مرز مهران رخ داده است. لذا امیدواریم با همکاری زائران و استفاده از دیگر مرزها دچار ازدحام جمعیت در مواقع پیک تردد نشویم.
ذوالفقاری با اشاره به اینکه زائران اتباع خارجی نیز در حال عبور از کشور و حرکت به سمت عراق هستند، گفت: زائران پاکستانی جمعیت بیشتری را نسبت به دیگر زائران اتباع دارند که مشکلی نیز برای خروج آنها از مرز شلمچه با توجه به اعلام طرف عراقی ایجاد شده بود که این اتفاق بر خلاف توافقهای صورت گرفته بود و با برگزاری جلسات هماهنگی به زودی این مشکل برطرف و این زائران از مرز شلمچه خارج خواهند شد.
وی با اشاره به امکانات پیشبینی شده برای حمل و نقل زائران اربعین در داخل و خارج کشور تصریح کرد: امسال به دلیل لغو روادید برآورد افزایش زائران را داریم که این رشد جمعیت بر تمام مؤلفههای مدیریتی اربعین تاثیرگذار خواهد بود. در سالهای گذشته بیشترین رقم زائران اربعین حدود ۲ میلیون و ۵۰۰ هزار نفر بود که امسال قطعا تعداد زائران بیشتر خواهد بود. لذا با توجه به زیرساختهای کشور عراق و امکانات فراهم شده اگر زائران همکاری لازم را با مسئولین نداشته باشند در موضوع اسکان،
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造成地板的损坏， 因此，如复合木地板不小心被指甲油、墨水、酒等污染，应立即用指甲油清除剂等清洗剂擦洗干净，使用中切勿用砂纸打磨，慎用清洗剂等化学物质，不要打蜡、刷漆，以防止破坏表面耐磨层。 如果部分复合木地板破损，需要更新时，将破损部分拆除，按照安装程序重新安装，应注意新老板子交接部分的处理，旧板子棒部的胶粘剂应清除干净。
木地板怎么清洁？
1、将抹布放入装有水的洗衣盆中，如图所示。
2、接着往洗衣盆中倒入适量的淘米水（淘米水呈碱性，可以去除木地板上的污垢；并且淘米水具有清洁去污的效果），如图所示。
3、用手将充分浸湿的抹布上的水分拧干，如图所示。
4、使用抹布仔仔细细擦拭木地板上的污垢，特别注意木地板之间的缝隙。
5、看下，脏了的木地板已经清洗干净。The trap I used was a classic Victor brand mouse trap. This is the kind that uses a spring loaded bar held back by a hook. The front of the hook rests on a small protrusion on a metal piece used as a bait holder. When the bait holder is moved even slightly, the hook releases, and the upward force on the bar from the spring pushes the hook out of the way and allows the bar to slam down on the front of the trap. Any mouse that is unlucky enough to have its neck in the way of the bar will be dead.
I’ve included timing results from both the mouse trap and the larger rat trap. I’ve also included a step showing how the closing speed can be estimated using a simplified model based on the physics of an ideal torsion spring.
Step 1: Trap modification and Equipment Setup
The different parts of the mousetrap were used to create two switches which allow the release and closing events to be represented on the scope. To make electrical connections to the various parts of the trap, I soldered wires to the U shaped tacks that are used to fasten them to the wooden base. A 9 volt battery was used as a voltage source to produce a signal that represents the state of the switches.
The trigger event for the scope (the release of the trap) is generated by using the bait holder and hook as the contacts of a switch. This is effectively a single pole, single throw normally closed switch. It is in the closed state when the trap is set, allowing the positive terminal of the battery to connect to the bait holder. When the trap is released, the battery will no longer be connected to the bait holder and so the voltage on it will drop to zero. The scope was set to trigger on the falling voltage seen on the bait holder.
The second switch generates the signal representing the closing of the trap. This switch is single pole, single throw normally open switch. It is in the open state prior to the bar impacting the front of the trap. This switch uses the spring loaded bar as one contact. The second contact is a strip of aluminum tape on the front edge of the trap. The battery voltage is applied to the bar, and the metal tape contact is connected to the second channel of the scope. When the trap is set, the voltage on the metal tape front contact will be zero. When the bar impacts the front contact, the voltage on it will rise to the battery voltage. By examining the timing between the voltage drop on the bait holder and the voltage rise on the front contact, the time from release to closure of the trap can be determined.
The diagram shows how the different parts of the trap are used to make the two switches, and how the switch states change from the setting of the trap to its final closure. The schematic also shows how the two switches, the battery, and the oscilloscope connect together. The nodes numbered in the schematic correspond to the parts of the trap numbered in the picture of the actual trap. Node 1 is the hook, node 2 is the bar, node 3 is the bait holder, and node 4 is the metal tape contact added to the front of the trap.
Step 2: Mouse Trap Results
The timing from release to first closure was always about 12 milliseconds. I performed the same measurements on both of the traps that were included in the package, and the results were again fairly consistent.
Note the “bouncing” visible as the bar slams down on the front contact. Anyone who has dealt with interfacing mechanical switches to digital inputs will be familiar with the need to “debounce” the inputs. Mechanical contacts generally don’t just make a solid clean connection when closed. Instead, the switch contacts actually open and close several times before settling on a stable state. Notice that the timing between the initial closing and the second closing is fairly large, about 4 milliseconds. The subsequent closings are more closely spaced, until the bar finally comes to rest and switch stays closed.
I don’t have a high speed camera, but there are high speed videos of mouse traps on YouTube. When I viewed some of them, you could clearly see the bar bounce back up from the wooden base about half an inch after the initial contact. This agrees with the bouncing seen on the graph.
To put the 12 millisecond close time into perspective, one cycle of 60 Hz power is 16.7 milliseconds. So the trap slams shut in about ¾ of the time it takes the voltage on your AC outlet to make a complete cycle. I looked up how fast a humming bird’s wings move, and the general range stated in various sources was between 50 and 80 beats per second. So, the trap will slam shut about as fast as a single flapping of a hummingbird’s wing.
The 12 milliseconds represents the time for the bar to impact the wooden base. If a mouse were present, eating food from the bait holder, then the bar would not have to even travel that far to hit the mouse. So, if you are a mouse eating from a trap and you accidentally trip it, you actually have less than 12 milliseconds to back out and escape. I’m pretty sure that no mouse can move that quickly.
You could say that the bar of a mousetrap literally travels at “break neck” speed!
Step 3: Rat Trap
The rat trap close time was approximately 23 milliseconds. Several runs were made, with the results being fairly consistent between them. The graph shows the timing. Again, note the bouncing of the switch closure before settling on a stable state.
Step 4: Analysis using Basic Physics
I put together an analysis of the system using a simplified model based on the physics of ideal springs and simple harmonic motion. In this simplified analysis, many things have been idealized. Frictional forces, air resistance, and gravitational forces have been neglected. The energy used to push the hook up and out of the way has not been considered. The spring is assumed to be ideal, where the torsion constant of the spring does not change with the angle.
The attached PDF document contains the equations which describe the simplified physical model of the rat trap. It shows how the equations of motion are determined, and it includes a spreadsheet of the system parameters and the performance for the rat trap. All the equations and concepts contained in the analysis apply for both the mouse trap and the rat trap.
I’ll just list a couple of the more important results for the rat trap here, and leave it to you to look at the PDF for more details.
The main thing I wanted to get from the analysis was a calculated value for the time to close, for comparison with the measured value.
Measured and Calculated Results for the Rat Trap:
T_close_measured = 23ms
These results agree reasonably well with the observation. It makes sense that the calculated value would predict a faster closing time, as it does not include any frictional forces that would reduce the speed.
The potential energy stored in the rat trap when set was calculated to be 3.16 Joules. That doesn’t seem like very much energy, but it is apparently enough to break a rat’s neck. I didn’t perform the calculations for the mouse trap, but the torsion constant of the spring would be much lower than that of the rat trap, so the energy needed to kill a mouse would be even less.九悟的小说：奋斗在红楼 我来做明帝 恰我少年时 重生之世家子弟 神豪从系统抽奖开始 明帝國的崛起 修真重生在高中
弘治十四年夏末秋初，宅男理科生张昭穿越来到明朝。 瑰丽的历史画卷徐徐展开。在这繁华，美好，欣欣向荣又潜藏着王朝危机的时代，张昭一路青云直上，手持权柄，上佐天子，外镇四夷，书写属于他的华彩乐章。 五千年的治乱循环，明亡后华夏文明的沉沦，我来了，这一切都将改变 最新章节简介： 笔神阁 www.bishen8.com
釜山。爱字阁 m.aizige.com夏雨淅淅沥沥的下了一夜。新建的简陋的港口码头上正在忙碌的劳工们早不见踪影。
码头建设早就外包给幽州商行。幽州商行管理还是很人性化的。不会任由来源复杂的各路劳工损耗掉。还有大把的基建工Year 2018 marks 100 years since Nelson Mandela’s birth.
In February 1990 the South African racist regime was left with no option but to free Mandela, a giant of a leader, living legend and symbol of the revolutionary struggle for a non-racial, democratic South Africa.
With the announcement of the release of Mandela, who had remained a prisoner of apartheid and had spent 27 years of incarceration in the fascist goal, a new chapter was opened in the long and bitter struggle by the majority of South African population against apartheid, racism, exploitation, cruelty and terror.
Mandela’s release was treated as a major victory of the South African people, who had rallied around the African National Congress – the nationalist party that derived its main strength from Mandela.
From prison, Mandela had led a a brave and courageous struggle against dehumanisation of the masses of South Africa. His release had opened up the new road to a non-racial South Africa. The then South African president De Klerk, who had ordered Mandela’s release and the racist ruling circles had done no favour to Mandela or the struggling masses. In fact the decision to release him was a direct culmination of the mass struggle and and the armed fight by the black majority that rallied around the ANC and was having full support of the international community. In fact, international pressure had its own role in putting pressure on De Klerk to open the prison gates.
A few months before his release, in October 1989, the ANC had warned the South African Government that it should unconditionally release , Mandela and hundreds of fighters who had been imprisoned for taking part in the struggle to end the ban on all people’s organisations. Of these demands, only on two major counts, the racist South African regime had paid any heed and it had responded by lifting the ban on ANC to prepare the stage for the release of Mandela.
In this way De Klerk had succeeded in creating an atmosphere of high expectations and intentions to arm the apologists of the South African regime to stave off more sanctions and the growing isolation of the regime. In this way, De Klerk could also defuse militancy and defiance of the majority through direct offensive that was witnessed on the roads of Pretoria and other parts of South AFrica soon after Mandela’s release. the continuing mass detentions, assassination of trade union leaders and harassment of sections of the mass democratic movement betrayed the regimes true intentions.
In the euphoria of Mandela’s release, apartheid continued to be in its place while scores of those fighting against apartheid continued to languish in jails. in those circumstances apartheid in all its manifestations remained in place.
The 1989 Tricameral elections in South Africa will be remembered nor fir the reverses suffered by the National Party but for the strikes , boycotts and the barricades,besides the fact that the South African people had voted for freedom, democracy and non-racialism. Even De Klerk, in his inaugural speech at that point of time had said that no white minority regime possessed either the will or the capacity to bring about fundamental changes in South Africa.
In this backdrop, the anti-people policies of the South African racist regime did not last long.
Mandela was released from prison on 11 February 1990 and was separated in 1992 from his wife Winnie Mandela, a South African anti-apartheid activist and politician who had served on the ANC’s National Executive Committee and headed its Women’s League. She was accused of exerting a “reign of terror”, and was “at the centre of an orgy of violence in Soweto.
South Africa has traveled a long road since the release of Mandela from prison in 1990. Recently South Africa was rocked by news about the Gupta family, that was counted among the richest in South Africa. The controversial family of the Guptas was more infamous than famous for its close ties with former President of South Africa Jacob Zuma and his family. The family was charged for racketeering, money laundering,and benefiting from the proceeds of unlawful activities, and acquiring, possessing or using the proceeds of unlawful activities in terms of the Prevention of Organized Crime Act (No. 121 of 1998); and submitting false, or untrue, tax returns in terms of the Tax Administration Act (No. 28 of 2011). The Gupta empire blew up with Zuma’s exit from presidency in February 2018.Restorative justice in schools
Over 24 schools in Oakland, California have implemented restorative justice programmes and these have had a measurable impact on school behaviour and educational outcomes by keeping children in class rather than sending them home as a disciplinary measure. They now plan to expand these to all their schools.
The district said they’ve documented a 60 percent increase in graduation rates and a 128 percent increase in reading levels for students at schools that use restorative justice.
Restorative practices include 'harm circles' which are used to facilitate a group discussion between the offending student and the people affected by his or her actions regarding the personal consequences created for all the parties involved when a conflict arises. This focuses on the harm that was created rather than punishing the behaviour or focusing on the rule that was broken. If someone breaks a rule or harms someone and they are just punished, there’s little or no learning going on compared with allowing students to understand the impact of what they’ve done and then seeking to make it right.
Schools that have implemented restorative justice disciplinary practices report that students now frequently ask for 'harm circles' rather than fighting to settle their differences.
This, along with other programs on positive behaviour, social and emotional learning, achievement, etc., meant that in the 2013-14 school year there were 49,987 fewer suspensions than in the previous year, down 15.2 percent. There were also 1,655 fewer expulsions in the same time frame, down roughly 20 percent. Before these programs were implemented, the single biggest cause of suspension or expulsion by percentage was 'wilful defiance'. In the 2013-14 school year, there was a 47.7 percent drop in the number of students expelled for defiance-related offenses.
Let's now travel to Edmonton, Canada.
Here they use the term 'talking circles' instead of 'harm circles' but their function is just the same. Everyone involved in an incident where a student acted up, will sit in a circle to discuss what happened, and how it affected them. The 'circle keeper' will summarize what happened to prompt the circle. They'll ask people to explain how the incident made them feel, and what effect it had on them. Only the person holding an object — the 'talking piece' — can speak, and no one has to speak if they don't want to. For meetings that involve more than a simple act of resolution, an agreement is devised and signed by all the participants. Staff check in with everyone later to see if they're upholding their end of the agreement.
Talking circles are happening all over Edmonton Public Schools. Each school decides how they'll use them.
Such restorative practices also avoid placing blame, which can help build more trusting relationships between students and school staff. Sending a student away from school further fractures their relationship with the people there, and is ineffective at addressing the problems underlying bad behaviour. Many of the children have stresses in their home life or stresses in their own functioning. Restorative practices give students a chance to repair any harm they've caused, whether it's facing the person they bullied or painting over the wall they graffitied.
Staff now routinely use small, informal circles to resolve minor conflicts. In the event of a more serious problem, like a fight or children bringing drugs to school, administrators organize a larger circle involving the student or students, supportive family members, school staff and any other relevant players.
One head recommended 10 students for expulsion in 2012-13. For the past two years, it's been zero.
What about the UK?
A report published by the Department for Education gave whole-school restorative approaches the highest rating of effectiveness at preventing bullying, with a survey of schools showing 97% rated restorative approaches as effective.
An independent evaluation of restorative justice in Bristol schools found that restorative justice improved school attendance and reduced exclusion rates.
In Barnet, an evaluation by the local authority found a reduction in exclusions of 51% in restorative justice trained schools compared to a 65% increase in exclusions in the thirty two Barnet schools that have received no restorative justice training. They also found increased confidence among school staff to deal with bullying and conflicts in the school.
See details from the Restorative Justice Council.
See Little Book of Restorative Discipline for Schools: Teaching Responsibility, Creating Caring Climates
Interestingly, this approach can also be used in the community to
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is, the more inexorably it mines available resources. In an economy based upon the exhaustion of
resources, the organization alone survives intact and unimpaired – its power grows as poverty spreads. The relation is reciprocal – unorganized materials vanish as the organization extends. And as poverty spreads, the pressure of the organization upon man increases, for it becomes more urgent to squeeze the last drop from him too. This mercilessness is characteristic of all moments of human distress. Beleaguered towns, blockaded countries, ships whose food and water are running low show like conditions. Technical progress – and we shall have occasion to return to this point – is coupled with a growth of organization, with a mushrooming bureaucracy. It requires an enormous personnel, a personnel which is wholly unproductive, yet increasing in number all the faster, the less there is of the things produced.
V - THE PILLAGE OF THE EARTH Industry is the daughter of poverty. –Rivarol. I love machines; they are like creatures of a higher order. Intelligence has freed them of all the woes and joys which are the lot of the human body in its activity and its exhaustion. Machines on their concrete bases act like serenely meditating Buddhas, squatting on their timeless lotus. They vanish when more beautiful, more perfect ones are born. – Henry van de Velde. Why does the contemplation of machines give us such pleasure? Because they manifest the fundamental form of man's intelligence, because before our very eyes this constructive and combining intelligence masters and amasses power, because they win a ceaseless triumph over the elements which they beat down, squeeze, and forge. Let us enter the workshop, then, to see what goes on. The impression we gain as we observe technical processes of any sort is not at all one of abundance. The sight of abundance and plenty give us joy: they are the signs of a fruitfulness which we revere as a life-giving force. Rooting, sprouting, budding, blooming, ripening, and fruition – the exuberance of the motions and forms of life – strengthen and refresh us. The human body and the human mind possess this power of bestowing strength. Both man and woman have it. But the machine organization gives nothing – it organizes need. The prospect of vineyard, orchard, or a blossoming landscape cheers us, not because these things yield profits, but because of the sensation of fertility, abundance, and gratuitous riches. The industrial scene, however, has lost its fruitfulness; it has become the scene of mechanical production. It conveys, above all, a sense of hungriness, particularly in the industrial cities which, in the metaphorical language of technological progress, are the homes of a flourishing industry. The machine gives a hungry impression. And this sensation of a growing, gnawing hunger, a hunger that becomes unbearable, emanates from everything in our entire technical arsenal. When we enter a factory, be it a cotton mill, a foundry, a saw mill, or a
powerhouse, everywhere we get the same impression. The consuming, devouring, gluttonous motion racing through time restlessly and insatiably, reveals the never stilled and never to be stilled hunger of the machine. So obvious is this hunger that even the impression of concentrated power which we receive in the centers of heavy industry cannot overcome it. In fact, it is strongest in these centers, because precisely here we find the greatest greed for power. And the rational mind which stands behind the machine and keeps watch over its automatic, mechanical motion – it too is hungry, and hunger follows it everywhere. It cannot shake off hunger; it cannot free itself from it; it cannot be stilled, however hard it may try. And how, indeed, could that be possible! This mind itself is consuming, gluttonous, and it has no access to riches; it cannot conjure up abundance. No effort of ingenuity, not all the inventive power that is brought to bear here can do it. For rationalization only sharpens hunger and actually increases consumption. This growing consumption is a sign not of abundance but of poverty; it is bound up with worry, want, and toil. It is precisely the methodical, disciplined effort leading to the perfection of the technical processes which destroys the basis for the hopes that certain groups place in this perfection. Progress in its present rapid advance creates an optical illusion, deceiving the observer into seeing things which are not there. Technology can be expected to solve all problems which can be mastered by technical means, but we must expect nothing from it which lies beyond technical possibilities. Since even the smallest mechanical process consumes more energy than it produces, how could the sum of all these processes create abundance?2 There can be no talk of riches produced by technology. What really happens is rather a steady, forever growing consumption. It is a ruthless destruction, the like of which the earth has never before seen. A more and more ruthless destruction of resources is the characteristic of our technology. Only by this destruction can it exist and spread. All theories which overlook this fact are lopsided because they disregard the basic conditions which in the modern world govern production and economics. In every healthy economy the substance with which it works is preserved
and used sparingly, so that consumption and destruction do not overstep the limit beyond which the substance itself would be endangered or destroyed. Since technology presupposes destruction, since its development depends upon destruction, it cannot be fitted into any healthy economic system; one cannot look at it from an economic point of view. The radical consumption of oil, coal, and ore cannot be called economy, however rational the methods of drilling and mining. Underlying strict rationality of technical working methods, we find a way of thinking which cares nothing for the preservation and saving of the substance. What is euphemistically called production is really consumption. The gigantic technical apparatus, that masterpiece of human ingenuity, could not reach perfection if technological thought were to be contained within an economic scheme, if the destructive power of technical progress were to be arrested. But this progress becomes all the more impetuous, the larger the resources at its disposal, and the more energetically it devours them. This is shown by the concentration of men and machines in the great mining centers where the mechanization of work and the organization of man are most advanced. The rationality of technology, so impressively displayed here, becomes intelligible only when one has understood the conditions on which it depends. Its concomitant is waste and contempt for all rationality in the exploitation of the resources on whose existence technology depends, as the lungs depend on air. Where wastage begins, there begins desolation, and scenes of such desolation can be found even in the early days of our technology, in the era of the steam engine. These scenes are startling by the extraordinary ugliness and the Cyclopean power which are characteristic of them. The machine invades the landscape with destruction and transformation; it grows factories and whole manufacturing cities overnight, cities grotesquely hideous, where human misery is glaringly revealed; cities which, like Manchester, represent an entire stage of technology and which have become synonymous with hopeless dreariness. Technology darkens the air with smoke, poisons the water, destroys the plants and animals. It brings about a state in which nature has to be "preserved" from rationalized thinking, in which large tracts of
land have to be set apart, fenced off, and placed under a taboo, like museum pieces. What all museum-like institutions make evident is that preservation is needed. The extension of protected areas, therefore, is an indication that destructive processes are at work. Mining centers, in particular, are the focal points of organized pillage, where the riches in the earth are exploited and consumed. Human pauperization begins with the proletarization of the masses, who are indoctrinated to factory work and kept on a low level of existence. The exploitation of the factory worker (about which socialism is indignant only so long as it is in the opposition) is an inevitable symptom of the universal exploitation to which technology subjects the whole earth from end to end. Man no less than ore deposits belongs to the resources subject to consumption by technology. The ways in which the worker tries to evade this exploitation – associations, labor unions, political parties – are the very methods which tie him forever closer to the progress of technology, mechanical work, and technical organization. The obverse side of technology is a pillage which becomes constantly better organized; this must not be overlooked when one speaks of technical progress. True, we have made a technical advance if by means of artificial fertilizers we succeed in squeezing uninterrupted crops out of our overburdened plough and pasture land. But this advance itself is at the same time the consequence of a calamitous deficiency, for if we did not have the fertilizer we should no longer be able to feed ourselves at all. Technical progress has deprived us of the free choice of nutriment which our ancestors possessed. A machine which trebles the output of a previous model constitutes a technical advance, for it is the result of a more rational design. But for this very reason it also possesses a more intense consuming and devouring power. Its hunger is sharper, and it consumes correspondingly more. In this way, the whole realm of the machine is full of a restless, devouring power that cannot be satisfied. Closely linked to this is the rapid wear and tear the machine suffers. That most of our machines become junk so soon results from their design and purpose. Their durability, strength, and usability are lessened, restricted in
the very degree to which technology approaches perfection. The consumption brought about by technology extends even to its own apparatus. The repairs and replacements these mechanisms constantly demand represent an immense amount of human labor. And the machine falls quickly into that state of disrepair in which we see it around us everywhere. Technical progress covers the earth, not alone with its machines and workshops, but also with junk and scrap. All this rusty tin, the twisted girders, these bent and broken machine parts and castaway tools – they remind the thoughtful observer of the fleeting impermanence of the process he witnesses. Perhaps they keep him from overestimating all this progress and help him to improve an understanding of what really goes on. Wear and tear is a form of consumption; it manifests itself pre-eminently where plundering goes on and so we find it in particular wherever technology is at work. If two thousand years hence there should still be archaeologists – which is rather unlikely – who were to undertake excavations, say, in Manchester, Essen, or Pittsburgh, they would find but little. They would discover nothing as enduring as Egyptian burial chambers and classical temples. For the stuff with which the factory system works is not aere perennius (“more lasting than bronze” – Horace). These archaeologists might even be surprised at the paltriness of their discoveries. The earth-spanning power of technology is of an ephemeral kind – a fact easily overlooked by those engrossed in it. Everywhere it is threatened by decay, given over to decay, and decay follows upon its heels all the more insistently and closely, the faster it marches on towards new triumphs. The machine does not create new riches. It consumes existing riches through pillage, that is, in a manner which lacks all rationality even though it quickly employs rational methods of work. As technology progresses, it devours the resources on which it depends. It contributes to a constant drain, and thereby again and again comes to a point where it is forced to improve its inventory and to rationalize anew its methods of work. Those who deny this, claiming that it is the wealth of new inventions which made the existing apparatus obsolete, are confusing cause and effect. Inventions presuppose a
need for improvement; their purpose is the rationalization of work. Nor can the technician legitimately blame the steadily growing deficits of the technical work process and the recurrent crises and disturbances it causes upon the political organization, charging that the competing political powers of this earth are burdening the industrial production with unjustifiable costs. Such is indeed the case; for the principle of competition is a political and economic rather than a technical one. However, even if the world were one single state, even then the machine would push the process of rationalization to the extreme. The process of rationalization would manifest itself in a free economy no less than in the kind of planned economy that goes hand in hand with technology. When the engineer destroys free economy – that is, the economy in which the businessman rules autonomously –then he forces the economy to adopt a plan designed by the engineer. To any such planned economy there applies what we have said before about the end effects of organization. When economic crises can no longer be overcome by economic means, human hopes turn towards stricter rationalization of technology: the idea of technocracy arises. But first we should examine whether it is not technology itself which brings about such crises. We should examine whether technology is capable of putting our economy in order and whether such an ordering falls within the scope of its tasks at all. What does "technocracy" mean? If the word has any meaning, it can only be that the technician rules, that he takes over government. But the technician is no statesman; he has no talent for politics. His knowledge is one of technical, functional effects. All technical knowledge is marked by an impersonalism that necessarily results from the purely material facts that it deals with. This impersonalism is reason enough to doubt whether the technician is capable of taking over and running the affairs of state.
VI - TECHNOLOGY VS THE PROFIT MOTIVE It cannot be denied that technical thinking is rational, and that technical methods of work are shaped and ruled by rational considerations. Rationalization is a demand made on every single technical work process, a demand it cannot escape. The incessant effort to improve the apparatus of technology through rational thinking expresses the drive for the perfection of the work process. The process has to be freed from its imperfections in order to fulfill its given task in a perfect manner. But it is imperfect, not so much because of the factors which render it expensive and costly – such imperfection is economic; it is imperfect rather because it does not fully achieve its purpose in technical terms, because it is not yet purely technological. To make it so is the goal. A machine that converts heat into work is imperfect not because it is expensive to build, but because its efficiency stays below the possible maximum as determined by Carnot's law of thermodynamics. So far, hardly any attention has been paid to the fact that technical and economic rationalism do not coincide, that they differ in purpose and in aim. The aim and purpose of all intelligent economy – whether of an individual or of a community – is that it yield a profit. But the aim of the technician is technical perfection. What concerns the economic man is whether a work process is profitable. But to the technician, economics, like any other activity, is something which must be subject to rationalized, technical thinking. Such difference in their desires for power creates the current rivalry between technical and economic thinking. Economic thinking, which demands autonomy, cannot be a matter of indifference to the technician. He will not accept the fact that technical progress is made subservient to, and remains dependent on, the purposes of business . This battle breaks out everywhere, and the superior power of the technician is evident in his fighting, not by means of ideologies, but by inventions. The economic man who buys up a technical patent to keep it locked in his safe is already on the retreat. His use of delaying tactics shows his inferiority. He is even forced to furnish the technician with new weapons for his attack. The fact that an installation is profitable is no reason for the
technician to give up his striving for technical perfection. He will ruin even a profitable enterprise if it refuses to give in to his demands for technical rationalization. He ruins the manufacturer by unpredictable inventions. It is he who overnight creates new industries and new technical equipment. He cares no more for the welfare of the capitalist than for that of the proletarian. He is not concerned with incomes, or interest rates, or the standards of living they afford. This indifference to prosperity, to economic profit, may well be called "ideal" inasmuch as it is an expression of his superiority over the economic man, whose doctrines he overthrows without qualms. It was he who, by his invention of the power loom, drove the craftsman from his hand loom and forced him to become an operator in a mill, a proletarian. In this act his intent was not to enrich the capitalist at the expense of the factory worker, but he accepted this consequence without compunction. He was interested above all in developing the technical mechanism, and not at all in who profited by it. An idealist of science for science's sake like Roentgen, for example, refused categorically to draw any kind of economic profit from his invention of the X-ray machine. This refusal was not without an understanding of power relationships, for the scientist or engineer who thinks of profits first becomes a captive of economic thinking. However, the dependence of technical thinking upon economic thinking dissolves to the degree to which economy becomes subservient to technical rationalization and has to give in to the compulsion exercised by the technician. Economic man can no longer escape the technician's drive for perfection. Wherever he tries to, he is choked by technology's firm leash. The technician determines the form of the working process and thereby gains influence upon the actual work itself. The superiority he maintains is well founded. He is superior because he thinks in terms of absolute rationality, whereas the economic man thinks only on the inferior level of functional rationality. Religious, political, social, and economic considerations are excluded from technological thought processes to which they have no necessary relationship. We see here a striving for power that is successful and terrifying precisely because it keeps aloof from monetary rewards.
Technology does not work according to economic laws. It is economic life that becomes ever more subservient to technology. We are approaching a point – here and there we have already reached it – where technological rationalism in production is more important than the profit produced. In other words, technological improvement must go on even if it spells financial loss. This symptom of economic distress is also the sign of growing technical perfection. Technology as a whole has absolutely no interest in dividends and can never develop any. It grows at the expense of economy; it increases economic emergency; it leads to an economy of deficit which grows the more strikingly obvious, the more triumphantly the perfection of technology progresses.
VII - THE INVASION OF LIFE BY AUTOMATONS By what sign can we distinguish most clearly the striving for perfection, that leitmotiv of technology? By what phenomena can we best measure technical progress as it has developed from crude and uncertain beginnings? No doubt the change from the steam engine to electricity presents such a landmark. Another would be the close co-operation that is being established between technology and biology and is leading to biotechnics, within which the laws of mechanics are applied to life. But when we observe the work processes of technology, the striking feature is the growing automatism to which they become subjected. Technological progress is synonymous with an increase of all kinds of automations. The entire work process, up to the finished product, is performed by automatic machinery and with repetitious mechanical uniformity; the entire factory becomes one single automaton. The worker no longer manually interferes with the automaton. All he does is to control mechanically some automatic operation. And just as the work processes which result in the end product are performed by an automaton, so the end product itself is very often an automaton
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ırarak başlamanız gereken çiçek nakli. Daha sonra bitkinin köklerine daldırılması gereken kaynamış ılık suya ihtiyacınız olacaktır. Çiçeği eski dünyadan köklerden çıkarmak, böylece hızlı büyüme için beslenen fazla kimyasallardan gülü serbest bırakabilirsiniz.
Transplantasyon süreci iki aşamada gerçekleşir:
- Tencere drenajının dibinde uykuya dalıyor.
- Bush'u tencereye takın ve yavaş yavaş toprağa dökün, periyodik olarak sıkıştırın.
Toprağı bir tencereye doldurmak için, kenarlara en az iki santimetre olacak şekilde ihtiyacınız vardır.
Su ekiminden hemen sonra çiçek buna değmez. Gölgede bir yer seçmek ve bir günlüğüne bırakmak daha iyidir. Daha sonra sıcak ve sıcak olmayan kalıcı bir yere karar verilmesi gerekir. Güneydoğu tarafına bakan pencereler en iyisidir, ancak hiç yok ise, o zaman çiçeğinizi dairenin en parlak yerine koymanız gerekir. Bu bitkinin sulanması için aşağıdan suya dökülerek suyun potaya bırakılması gerekir.
Transplantasyon sonrası adaptasyon süreci gerçekleşeceği zaman, bir ay kadar sürer, gül çalı çiçekli bitkiler için amaçlanan gübreler ile döllenmiş gerekir.
Çiçek yaratılan koşullarda rahat olacaksa, o zaman yakında bir kutlama ve rahatlık atmosferi yaratacak çok sayıda tomurcukla bakım için ödüllendirilecek. Ve böyle bir süre, kış aylarını hariç tutmadan çok uzun bir süre sürebilir.
Bir odaya transplantasyon kuralları satın alındıktan sonra yükseldi
Çoğunlukla doğumgünü kızı ya da kız arkadaşı bir buket gül yerine küçük bir tencerede minyatür bir bitki verir. Birkaç gün içinde çiçekleri keser ve böyle bir dikkat işareti parlak tomurcukların ve uzun çiçeklerin tadını çıkarmaya uzun zaman verir.
Ancak, bitkinin güzelliğini ve sağlıklı görünümünü korumak isteyenler, mağazada satın aldıktan sonra kapalı gül nakli nasıl bilmeniz gerekir. Satıcılar damıtma için özel gübreler ile çiçek sulandırdı ve değişen gözaltı koşulları genellikle yemyeşil çalı karşı gider. Makalede, basit bir prosedürün tüm adımlarını düşünün, başka bir tencereye transplantasyon hakkında tavsiyelerde bulunacağız.
Bir transplantın gerekli olduğunu nasıl anlayabilirim?
Bir çalı gülünün, bir kaç nedene bağlı olarak bir tencereye nakledildiğini bilin. Birincisi, bitkiler depolarda zorlanmaları için hazırlanan toprak karışımında büyümemelidir. Özel çözümler ve gübreler ile işlenir, yemyeşil bir çalılık yetiştirmek için kısa bir süreliğine çok miktarda tomurcuk bırakılır. Evde yemeyi bıraktıktan sonra, çalı dekoratif görünümünü hemen kaybedecektir.
İkincisi, plastik kaplar genellikle en küçük boyutta seçilir ve içlerindeki kök sistemi hızla sıkışık hale gelir. Bu durumda transplantasyon ihtiyacı, toprağın hızla kuruması, yaprakların, gövdelerin ve tomurcukların solması ve sararması ile kanıtlanmıştır. Bu nedenle, satın alma işlemi, toprağı tamamen değiştirerek başka bir kaba aktarıldıktan sonra yükseldi. Prosedür aynı zamanda bitki hasta ise, kurumaya başlarsa, gerekli şartlar sağlandığında uzun süre çiçek açmazsa da gereklidir.
Notuna. Dükkandan getirilen çalı, satın alma işleminden sonra 1,5-2 hafta sonra nakledilir ve bu da evdeki yeni mikro iklime uyum sağlamak için eve zaman kazandırır. Bundan önce, sapları ve yaprakları zararlıların varlığı / yokluğu için incelemek, solmuş tomurcukları kesti.
Satın alındıktan sonra yapılan işlemler
Mağazadan teslim alındıktan hemen sonra bir tencerede satın alınan bir gül, birkaç basit işleme tabi tutulur:
- çiçek kağıdı ambalajından veya selofandan çıkartın, etiketleri çıkarın, tencereden yaylayın;
- haşere yokluğu için çalıyı kontrol edin, mağazada olduğu gibi yaprak bitleri, örümcek akarları;
- Kurutulmuş yaprakları, dalları kesin, bir minyatür çalılık gücünü korumak için bir budayıcı ile tüm tomurcukları kaldırın;
- bitkiyi ılık sabunlu suyla yıkayın, bir havzada birkaç dakika düşürün veya bir duş altında tutun;
- Bu püskürtme sapları çözeltisi, yaprakları ve hastalık, zararlı, çiçek bağışıklık sisteminin güçlendirilmesi önlenmesi için üst toprak katmanı seçmek için su 5 1 litre "Topuk" damlalar "fitosporin", "fitoverm" ilave edildi;
- yere yapışmış bambu çubukların üzerine bir selofan torbasından bir "sıcak yatak" inşa ederler;
- günlük olarak “serayı” havalandırır, aralıkları arttırır ve barınağı kaldırır;
- 10-14 gün sonra "karantinaya" son ver, mağazadan gülleri daha geniş bir tencereye nakletmek için toprak, kapasite ve toprağı hazırla.
En iyi ne zaman nakli yapılır
Bir oda transplantasyonu, satın alma işleminin genellikle ilkbaharda ya da başlangıcında ya da Ağustos ortasında gerçekleştirilmesinden sonra yükseldi, ancak prosedürü başka bir zamanda gerçekleştirmek mümkün. Bir tencerede bir çiçek 8 Mart'ta, Yeni Yıl'da veya Eylül ayında bir yıl dönümünde sunulduysa, bahar aylarına kadar önemli bir etkinliği ertelemeyin. Kök sistemini ve çalıyı kendisi için yeni bir vazoya yerleştirmek üzere düzgün bir şekilde hazırlamak için yukarıdaki adımları uygulamak yeterlidir.
Birçok başlangıçta çiçek yetiştiricileri, kapalı ortamda muhafaza edildiğinde bitkinin nakli için ne kadar sıklıkla gerekli olduğunu düşünmektedir. Her şey potun ve çalıların kendisinin, gül çeşitliliğinin büyüklüğüne bağlıdır. Satın aldıktan hemen sonra nakli için yeterli minyatür çeşitler, daha sonra prosedür 2-3 yılda sadece bir kez yapılmalıdır. Daha büyük çalı çeşitlerinin her yıl ilkbaharda ya da her 2 yılda bir nakledilmesi tavsiye edilir.
Çiçeklenme sırasında transplantasyon
Bir mağazada satın alındıktan sonra bir gülün nasıl nakledileceğine dair birkaç nüans vardır, eğer çiçek açarsa ya da tamamen işlenmemiş tomurcuklarla kaplıysa. İşte eylemlerin detaylı bir algoritmasıdır.
- Hediye kaldırmak veya bir çiçekli saksı bitki ambalajı aldım.
- Birkaç saniye boyunca daldırıp, içindeki sabun sabunla çözülür.
- Kurutulmuş yaprakları kesin, bir budayı ya da keskin bir bıçakla kes, tüm tomurcukları aç, çiçekleri aç.
- Bush'u böcek zararlılarından herhangi bir şekilde tedavi etmek.
- Düzenli olarak havalandırmak için unutma değil, bir hafta boyunca selofan "sera" ile örtün.
- Bir nakil yapmak için 10-12 gün bir toprak, bir tencerede hazırlayın.
Gülü doğru bir şekilde naklederseniz, çiçekleri keser ve ardından düzenli olarak sulanır ve beslenirse, yeni tomurcuklar sizi beklemeye almayacaktır. Ve çiçeği minyatür veya çalı gülü satın alırken daha bol ve daha güzel olacak. Yeni toprağa tomurcukları olan bir çalı dikerseniz, bitki tüm kuvvetleri çiçeklere verecektir ve muhtemelen ölecektir.
Transplantasyon için ne gerekli?
Satın aldıktan sonra bir gül nakli yapmak için biraz hazırlık yapmalısınız. Önceden satın almak zorunda:
- pot - daha sağlam, yeterli, tercihen seramik veya plastik, plastik olmalı;
- toprak - kapalı güller için özel bir toprak karışımı satın alabilir veya kendiniz pişirebilirsiniz;
- secateurs - yaprak, tomurcukları ve çiçek açan çiçekler budama için gereklidir, istenirse, alet kolayca keskin makas ile değiştirilebilir;
- bir sıcak su kabı - bir havzada veya bir kovada, satın alınan arazileri temizlemek için kökleri azaltmanız gerekecektir.
Notuna. Yeni pota, 4-6 cm uzunluğunda ve bitkinin satıldığı yere göre 3-4 cm daha geniş olmalıdır. Çiçek tencerede görkem için 3-4 gül dikilirse, evin her çalı ayrı saksı ekilir.
Eğer güller için bir satın alma alanı bulunamazsa, menekşeler veya diğer çiçekli bitkiler (evrensel toprak karışımı) için bir karışım uygundur. Dünyayı kendiniz hazırlamak için, 1 parça nehir kumu ile 4 parça humus ve çim karıştırın. Ana durum - toprak gevşek ve nem geçirgen olmalıdır.
Plastik tencerede, keskin bir bıçak veya ateşte sıcak bir çiviyle drenaj delikleri yaptığınızdan emin olun. Su kalıntılarının durgunlaşmaması ve çürüyen köklere neden olması gerekir. Altta veya yandan drenaj delikleri olmayan seramik vazolar, karamsar bir çiçek dikmek için uygun değildir. Bir drenaj olarak, ince veya orta fraksiyonlu killer kullanılır.
Nakli süreci
Evin gülü transplantasyonu, çiçek adaptasyon iki hafta "karantina" geçtikten sonra gerçekleştirilir. Prosedür için zaman seçtikten sonra, toprak sulanır, 15-30 dakika sonra bitki dikkatle plastik kaptan dünya koma ile çıkarılır. Aşağıdaki adımlar bir birinci sınıf için bile zor değildir.
- Bir toprak parçası, ılık su ile bir kovaya yerleştirilir, eller toprağı ovuşturur. Kökleri inceleyin. Eğer siyah ve soldurulmuşlarsa - çiçek muhtemelen ölür. Yıkanmış kökler düzleştirilir, kurutmak ve bir taslaktan korumak için bir kağıt peçeteye sarılır.
- Altta delikli bir çömlek alın, 2-3 cm genişliğinde kil topları dökün. Daha sonra, toprağın yarısına kadar dökülür, küçük bir oluk yapın.
- Bush dikkatle toprağa yerleştirilir, elle tutulur, toprağın tepesine dökülür, toplanır. Kabın kenarı ile toprak arasında yaklaşık 1,5 cm boş alan kalmalıdır, böylece suya daha uygun olur.
- Tencereyi kalıcı bir yere (tercihen - kuzey pencereye), ertesi gün kaynatılmış veya filtrelenmiş suyla sulandırılarak kökleştirin.
Eğer bir odaya nakliyeniz, tüm kurallara göre satın aldıktan sonra artarsa ve düzenli olarak ilgilenirseniz, bolca çiçek açan bir çalı yetiştirmede sorun olmaz. Böylece, 2-3 yıl içinde tüm arkadaş ve akrabaları kıskanmak için apartmanda pencere kenarında gerçek bir pembe bahçe inşa edebilirsiniz.
Nakledilen bitkinin bakımı
Herhangi bir çeşitin gül çalıları için sonraki bakım, düzenli sulama, üst giysi ve budama ve ayrıca kış dinlenme periyodunun gözlenmesidir. Burada evde moody çiçek yetiştirmek için bazı değerli öneriler.
- Toprağın üst tabakasını kurutduktan sonra tencerede gül serpin. İlkbahar ve yaz aylarında sulama bol olmalı, kışın ise hafif ve nadir olmalıdır.
- Sulama için su sıcak, filtrelenmiş ya da yağmur yağdırmak için daha iyidir, sadece kök altına dökülmelidir.
- Her 2-3 haftada bir, sonbaharda, sulama ile yaz aylarında onları getirerek çalı organik ve mineral gübreler, besleyin.
- Yaz aylarında, odadaki sıcaklık kışın yaklaşık 20-25 derece arasında tutulmalıdır - yaklaşık 10-15 derece ısı.
- Daire kuru ve ılık ise, her gün bitki sprey sıcak su ile püskürtülür.
- Pota, tercihen sıcak mevsimde odayı düzenli olarak havalandırılan, ışıklı bir pencere eşiğine yerleştirilmelidir.
- Kışlanmadan önce, çiçek budama olmalı, yaprak kalıntılarını ve dalların uçlarını kaldırarak. Güzel bir taç oluşturmak için sonbaharda her dalda 5-6 tomurcuk bırakmalısınız.
Ayrıca, çeşitli hastalık ve zararlılarla enfekte olmasını önlemek için iç mekan gülünü düzenli olarak kontrol etmelisiniz. Yapraklarda yaprak bitleri, örümcek akarları veya lekeler varsa, uygun preparatlarla veya halk ilaçlarıyla tedavi yapılmalıdır.
Bilgiyi bir odaya nasıl doğru bir şekilde nakledileceğini ayrıntılı olarak incelemek isteyenler, aşağıdaki videodan deneyimli bir çiçekçi tarafından sunulan pratik önerilerle desteklenecektir.
Bir odaya nasıl nakledilir bir mağazada satın alındıktan sonra gül
Çalı hazırlanıyor
Yeryüzünün çiçeklerinin sürekli olarak ekilmesi için uygun olmayan kullanımlarına ek olarak, bunları önceden belirlenmiş bir görünüm vermek için bir çözümle işleme, üreticiler hala bir tencerede birkaç bitkiyi ekebilirler. Yeni bir tencerede ve toprağa transplantasyon için çalı hazırlığını yürütürken, sabunlu su ile yıkanmalıdır. Ayrıca, sabun kalıntılarını gidermek için bir kontrast duşu tutulması tavsiye edilir.
Yaprak yapısına zarar vermemek için, sıcaklığı 40 dereceden fazla olan su kullanmayın. Bir tencerede rozetler 30 dakika suyla dolu bir kapta bırakılmalıdır. Fidanlık veya dükkanlarda satın aldığınız bitkiler, su prosedürlerinden sonra "Epin" e dayalı bir çözümle tedaviye tabi tutulur. Bu ilaç, bitkinin düzgün büyümesini ve gelişimini uyarma, bağışıklığını güçlendirir. 5 damlalık bir çözelti hazırlamak için, madde 1 litre su içinde çözülmelidir.
Püskürtme işleminden sonra, çalı selofan torbası ile kapatılmalıdır. Torbanın yapraklara daha az temas ettiğinden emin olmak önemlidir. Güvenilirlik için, daha sonra pakete konacak olan bir çubuk yapısının yapılması tavsiye edilir. Böyle bir ev yapımı sera her gün 5 dakika açık bırakılmalıdır. Havalandırma zamanı kademeli olarak arttırılmalıdır. Tomurcuklar solduruldukça, çıkarılmaları ve selofan torbasının çıkarılması gerekir. Çiçekçi gelecekteki sağlıklı çiçeklenmeyi arzu ederse, doğru hazırlık ve nakil süreci çok önemlidir.
Gerekli araçlar ve malzemeler
Satın alınan kültürün normal olarak gelişmesi ve gelişmesi için, hazırlık faaliyetleri sonrasında, bir transplantın gerçekleştirileceği araç ve gereçlerin depolanması gereklidir. Uygun boyutta bir kap hazırlayın, seramik veya yüksek kaliteli plastikten yapılmış, doğru miktarda verimli toprak, drenaj malzemesi. Bitkinin kök sistemini büyütebileceğine ve düzgün bir şekilde gelişebileceğine göre, çiçeğe getirdiğiniz kaptan 2 cm daha büyük kaplar için endişelenmeniz önerilir. Bitkileri daha büyük bir tencereye nakletmek mümkün mü? Yeni tomurcuklar oluşturma sürecinin ihlali söz konusu olduğundan, güllerin aktif olarak büyümeye başladıkları için çok fazla bir tencereye ihtiyaç duymazlar.
Ve sonra kültürünüzün güzel çiçeklenmesinin tad
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تکلم، کودکان نمی توانند به همان سرعتی که افکار در ذهنشان ایجاد می شود آن ها را به زبان بیاورند و گفته می شود عدم انطباق بین سرعت فکر و زبان یکی از عوامل ایجاد لکنت زبان می شود.
2- وجود نقش دو زبانگی در کودکان:
بدین معنا که چنانچه والدین قبل از سن 5 سالگی به کودکان خود علاوه بر زبان مادری، یک زبان بیگانه دومی بیاموزند ممکن است روی روان خوانی گفتار کودک تاثیر منفی بگذارد و از آنجا که لازم است کودکان در یک لحظه نسبت به یک مفهوم از دو زبان گوناگون استفاده کنند برای آن ها بسیار سخت می باشد.
3-تبدیل اجباری چپ برتری به راست برتری:
تحقیقات نشان داده است چنانچه والدین با اجبار بخواهند در کودکان خود فعالیتهای گوناگون را با قسمت راست بدن انجام دهد این حالت می تواند عامل تداخلی را در نیمکره های چپ راست مغز بوجود آورد و بر روی فرآیند تکلم نیز تاثیر بگذارد.
4-صدمات وارده به قسمتهای مختص گویایی:
آسیب وارده به ناحیه بروکا، ورنیکه می تواند تکلم انسان را تحت تاثیر خود قرار دهد.
5- نقش عوامل اقتصادی واجتماعی:
نقش عوامل اقتصادی، اجتماعی نیز در رشد گویایی بسیار مهم است بطوریکه نشانگر آن است که کودکانی که در خانواده های مرفه زندگی میکنند؛ به دلیل اینکه والدینشان فرصت مناسب را جهت تمرین و تکرار کلمات با کودکان خود در اختیار دارند و می توانند به موقع آن ها را تشویق نمایند و از وسایل آموزش و کمک آموزشی بسیاری بهره مند گردند از رشد کلامی خوبی نسبت به کودکانی که در خانواده های ضعیف زندگی می کنند برخوردار هستند.
6- تغذیه نامناسب وبیماری:
عامل دیگر، نقش وجود تغذیه نامناسب و بیماریهای سخت خصوصا” دوران کودکی می باشد. گرفتار شدن به بیماری، خصوصا” در زمان حساس یادگیری تکلم به کودکان ، ضربه سختی را وارد می کند زیرا این کودکان بخاطر داشتن بیماری از سایر کودکان فاصله گرفته و برای مدتهای طولانی گوشه گیر می شوند و فرصت برقراری ارتباط با همسالان خود را که نقش موثری در رشد کلامی آنان دارد پیدا نمی کند.
7- پیش داوری در کودکان لکنتی:
بدین معنا که فرد لکنتی از آن جایی که قبل از اینکه شروع به صحبت کردن نماید در ذهن خود تصور می کند که اگر شروع به تکلم کند، همراه با مکث و تکرار می باشد، این پیش داوری وضعیت او راهنگام تکلم بدتر می نماید و منجر به تشدید لکنت زبان آن می گردد.
8-اثر سن و فشارهای روانی:
روانشناسان نقش استرس و فشارهای روانی را در تشدید لکنت زبان بسیار موثر می دانند، زیرا دیده شده است کودکان لکنتی در میان خانواده هایی بزرگ شده اند که والدینی بسیار سخت گیر و تنبیه کننده وجود داشته است و این سخت گیری و تنبیه شدید می تواند منجر به لکنت زبان کودکان گردد.
9- ترس:
از آن جا که کودکان در حدود سن6 سالگی، از محیط گرم و صمیمی خانواده جدا شده و وارد محیطی نا آشنا بنام مدرسه یا پیش دبستانی می شوند، چنانچه محیط مدرسه در جذب عاطفی کودکان موثر واقع نباشد، کودکان این محیط را بیگانه تصور کرده و نسبت به آن شدیدا می ترسند و همین عامل ترس می تواند منجر به لکنت افراد گردد.
10- نداشتن اعتماد به نفس، تشویق به موقع و تمرین و تکرار:
داشتن اعتماد به نفس بالا، تمرین و تکرار، تشویق به موقع، تمرین و تکرار با صدای بلند در جلوی آنها به تنهایی و در حضور جمع برای برطرف کردن لکنت بسیار موثر است. زیرا نداشتن اعتماد به نفس و خجالتی بودن مانع تکلم می شود.
11-آلرژی:
نتایج پژوهشی نشان داد آسم آلرژیک عاملی برای تشدید لکنت زبان است. به علت اختلالات پی درپی که این بیماری در دستگاه تنفس فوقانی و تحتانی فرد ایجاد می کند، هماهنگی گفتار و تنفس در فرد مختل و لکنت زبان در وی شدید می شود.
والدین برای لکنت زبان کودک چه کاری می توانند انجام بدهند؟
1- نگرانی خود را کم کنید:
نگرانی والدین و تلاش آن ها برای رفع این مشکل گفتاری، موجب افزایش حساسیت و نگرانی کودک می شود. این نگرانی سبب آگاهی کودک از گرفتگی زبانش می شود. در صورتی که کودک نسبت به مشکل گفتاری اش حساس شود، مشکلات او در در صحبت کردن تشدید خواهد شد. فراموش نکنید این قبیل قفل ها و گرفتگیها امری ارادی نیست. سعی کنید با آرامش کامل به حرف های کودک گوش کنید و به شیوه گفتار او توجهی نکنید.
2-هنگام صحبت کردن با او تماس چشمی داشته باشید:
کاملا عادی به چشمان او نگاه کنید و حتی اگر لکنت کرد، تماس چشمی خود را با او حفظ کنید.
3- وسط حرف های کودک نپرید:
به او کمک نکنید، وسط حرف های او نپرید و اجازه بدهید تا خودش حرفهایش را تمام کند حتی در زمانی که روی یک کلمه گیر دارد. بین صحبت کردن های او، صحبت هایش را قطع نکنید.
4-هرگز به او نگویید که چه کاری کند تا لکنت نداشته باشد:
تا زمان مراجعه به گفتار درمانگر از هر گونه خود درمانی برای کودک پرهیز کنید. عباراتی نظیر یواش حرف بزن، آهسته تر بگو، نفس عمیق بکش، آرامتر صحبت کن، نه تنها کمکی به کودکتان نمی کند بلکه سبب آگاهی کودک از لکنتش و شدید تر شدن لکنت می شود.
5- فعالیتهای غیر گفتاری کودکتان را بیشتر کنید:
کودک را در فعالیتهایی که به خوبی از عهده آن بر می آید شرکت دهید و تواناییهای او را تشویق کنید. این فعالیتها می تواند نقاشی کشیدن، رقصیدن، موسیقی و … باشد.
6- زمان هایی اختصاصی برای او در نظر بگیرید:
زمان هایی را برای او در نظر گرفته و خودتان دو نفر تنها با هم بازی کنید و یا حرف بزنید. این کار به مرور سبب می شود که کودک عجله ای به هنگام حرف زدن نداشته باشد.
7-آهسته و شمرده با او حرف بزنید:
کودک از شما حرف زدن را یاد می گیرد. اگر شما با سرعت پایین با او حرف بزنید، او نیز در هنگام حرف زدن به مرور سرعت خود را کمتر می کند و این باعث می شود که کمتر لکنت داشته باشد.
8- عوامل افزایش دهنده هیجان را کم کنید:
کودکان در هنگام هیجان و ترس لکنت بیشتری دارند. حذف عوامل افزایش دهنده هیجان در طول دوره درمان لکنت زبان کودکان ضروری است. مثل بازیهای پر هیجان و پر تحرک
لکنت ناگهانی زبان اغلب ناشی از یک واقعه ترسناک برای کودک است و لازم است کودک از محیط هایی که باعث وحشتش می شود دور نگه داشته شود.
9- طول جملات خود را در هنگام حرف زدن با او کم کنید:
هر چقدر طول جملات شما بیشتر باشد احتمال بروز لکنت زبان نیز بیشتر است. شما به عنوان الگوی گفتاری فرزندتان، اگربا جملات با طول کوتاه با او صحبت کنید این الگو به مرور در گفتار کودک نیز دیده می شود.
10- به فرزندتان نشان دهید که مشتاق شنیدن هستید:
می توانید از طریق زبان بدن نشان دهید که کاملا به حرف های او گوش می کنید. او باید بداند شما به معنای حرفهای او گوش می کنید و شیوه حرف زدنش برای شما اهمیت ندارد. وقتی که صحبت می کند، تماس چشمی را رعایت کنید. لبخند بزنید و مشتاقانه به صحبت هایش گوش کنید. این کار به فرزند شما کمک می کند تا آرام شود و آهسته تر صحبت کند.
11- فرزندتان را همانطور که هست بپذیرید:
بسیاری از کودکانی که از لکنت خود آگاهی دارند بخاطر شیوه حرف زدن خود نگران و خجالتی هستند. سعی کنید والدین حمایتگر و صبوری برای آن ها باشید. بخاطر بسپارید که وقت زیادی را باید در اختیار او قرار دهید. در کنار او بنشینید، دستتان را به دور گردنش ببرید و در این لحظات عجول نباشید. در لحظاتی که کنار او هستید می بایست به فرزندتان بفهمانید که شما الان کاملا در اختیار او هستید. دائما به او بگویید که این مشکل بزرگی نیست و فقط برخی از کلمات را دیرتر می گوییی. به او بگویید که ما با هم روی این موضوع کار می کنیم و به کمک گفتار درمانی این مشکل را حل می کنیم.
12-از جملات ساده استفاده کنید:
ثابت شده است که فرد دارای لکنت هر چقدر جملات وکلمات پیچیده تری استفاده کند احتمال بروز لکنت زبان در او بیشتر می شود. شما به عنوان الگوی گفتاری او سعی کنید که کلمات پیچیده و جملات پیچیده کمتری استفاده کنید. اینکار به مرور کمک می کند تا پیچیدگی کلمات و جملات کودک کمتر شود.
13-همه خواسته هایش را عملی نکنید:
مواظب باشید بخاطر مشکلات گفتاری او، تسلیم خواسته های غیر منطقی او نشوید.
14- دلیل لکنت را از او نپرسید:
مواقعی که کودکتان با لکنت صحبت می کند، دلیل این گونه صحبت کردن را از کودک نپرسید یعنی به او نگویید که “چرا اینطوری صحبت می کنی؟”
15-انتقاد نکنید:
از روش صحبت کردن او انتقاد نکنید و به او برای صحبت کردن درست فشار نیاورید.
16- مراجعه به متخصص:
در صورت عدم بهبودی دارو برای درمان، گفتار درمانی کمک خواهد کرد. بدانید که گفتار درمانی سریعا جواب نمی دهد و نیازمند جلسات متعدد است، پس زود خسته نشوید و ادامه دهید.
17- رعایت نوبت در حرف زدن:
رعایت نوبت در صحبت کردن می تواند فشار و تنش های کودک را کاهش دهد. هنگام سخن گفتن با کودک رقابت نکنید.
18- حذف سرعت و شتاب:
سرعت و شتاب را از جریان زندگی کودک حذف کنید.
19- تقویت اعتماد به نفس:
در مواردی با تقویت اعتماد به نفس کودک، میزان لکنت او کاهش می یابد. بنابراین والدین می توانند با مهم نشان دادن تواناییهای کودک و کم اهمیت نشان دادن لکنت او، عزت نفس او را تقویت کنند. نقاط قوتش را تشویق کنند و کمک کنند تا به هدف هایش هر چند که کوچک و ناچیز باشد برسد.
زمانی که می خواهد صحبت کند، شهامت و جرات او را از بین نبرید. برای تقویت اعتماد به نفس به او مسئولیتهایی که در توانش هست بدهید. باید جنبه های شخصیتی او را بالا ببرید مثلا در صورتی که مهربان است آن شخصیت اخلاقی اش را تقویت کنید.
20- تقویت حس مشارکت و همکاری:
حس مشارکت را در او تقویت کرده و او را تشویق به شرکت در کارهای گروهی کنید.
21- تلفظ اشتباه کودک را تقویت نکنید:
کودکان بخصوص در زمان به حرف آمدن، برخی حروف را به خوبی ادا نمی کنند و بعضی اطرافیان به دلیل جذابیت این موضوع، با خنده، این رفتار را در کودک تقویت می کنند. باید گفت که این گونه واکنش ها، صحبت کردن درست کودک را به تاخیر می اندازد و او را دچار مشکل می کند. فقط و فقط کلمه را بصورت درست تلفظ کنید و از اصرار برای تغییر آن جدا خودداری کنید. مثلا برخی کودکان کلمه شکم را به شمک، تاکسی را تاسکی، باران را بالان و… تلفظ می کنند. شما نباید بگویید ببین شمک درست نیست. بگو شکم. بلکه باید بگویید: آها شکمت درد می کند؟ به نظرت سوار تاکسی بشیم و …
22- صحبت کردن با کودک درباره مشکلش:
بعضی از متخصصان گفتار درمانی ترجیح می دهند بدون اینکه مشکل را به کودک بگویند، بیشتر با والدین کودک لکنتی کار کنند تا خود کودک. وقتی او را نزد آسیب شناس گفتار می بریم بهتر است بگویید که در گفتن بعضی واج ها مشکل دارد. کودک ممکن است در مورد علت اشکال گفتارش یک سری سوالاتی بپرسد از این قبیل که: چرا وقتی می خواهم حرف بزنم گلویم سفت می شه؟ چرا گلویم گیر می کند؟ یا حتی چرا این طور شده ام؟ باز کردن این مشکل می تواند به او کمک کند. پاسخ به این که چرا من لکنت دارم؟ بسیار مشکل است. اما با توضیحات کوتاه می توانید به بهترین وجه او را راضی کنید.
علائم لکنت زبان در کودکان:
لکنت اختلالی است در روانی گفتار، که سبب وقوع وقفه هایی در گفتار می شود. این وقفه ها به دلیل ندانستن واژگان و یا نحوه تلفظ آن ها نیست. انوع و اشکال لکنت زبان در کودکان می تواند به شکل 1-تکرار 2- کشیده گویی 3- گیر یا توقف کامل دیده شود. این مشکل می تواند انواع مختلفی داشته باشد.
به عنوان مثال: کسی که لکنت دارد، ممکن است یک صدا یا یک هجا رابه ویژه در ابتدای کلمه تکرار کند. (صا صا صادق). همچنین این وقفه ها می تواند به شکل کشیده گویی یک صدا مانند “سلام” دیده شود، گاهی اوقات لکنت شامل توقف کامل گفتار یا حذف صدا است. برخی از موارد گرفتگی زبان کودکان همراه با وقفه های مکرر، با صداهایی مانند “ه”یا “ام” دیده می شود.
معمولا کودکان قبل از لکنت، براحتی حرف می زنند، یکی از ویژگی های این مشکل گفتاری، عدم ثبات در شدت آن است. این عدم ثبات هم در شدت و هم در کلمات دیده می شود. منظور از عدم ثبات در شدت این است که ممکن است در بازه هایی از زمان، شدت لکنت خیلی کم و یا خیلی زیاد شود. منظور از عدم ثبات در کلمات این است که ممکن است در زمان هایی همان کلمه را به راحتی بیان کنند.
- ممکن است در عضلات صورت کودک شاهد تنش و تقلا باشید.
- ممکن است صدای کودک حین تکرارها اوج بگیرد. ( تن صدا بالا برود).
- در موارد جدی تر لکنت زبان، ممکن است کودک برای حرف زدن، تلاش و تنش قابل ملاحظه ای از خود نشان بدهد.
- در موارد شدید تر کودک اغلب با تغییر کلمات یا استفاده از صدا های اضافی برای آغاز صحبت، سعی می کند از دچار شدن به لکنت خودداری کند. همچنین این کودکان گاهی سعی می کنند از موقعیتهایی که باید در آن ها صحبت کرد اجتناب کنند.
روش های درمان :
روان کاوی، گروه درمانی، خود درمانی، دارو درمانی، شناخت درمانی و…
در برخی موارد، درمان لکنت زبان نیاز به جلسات متعددی دارد که لازمه آن ایجاد ارتباط مناسب و موثر با کودک و والدینش است. بطور کلی هر چه کودک از نظر سنی بزرگتر باشد، برنامه درمان طولانی تری نیاز دارد. هدف درمانگر برای بهبود کودکان خردسال مبتلا به لکنت آنست که مانع از پیشرفت مشکل او شود و در همان ابتدا آن را درمان کند.
هر چه درمان دیرتر آغاز شود و کودک بزرگتر باشد، احتمال بهبودی کامل کمتر می شود. در مورد کودک دبستانی، باید به آن ها آموخت که چگونه تنش خود را کاهش دهند و سعی کنند راحت و آرام صحبت کنند. این کار ابتدا از کلمات آغاز می شود و به تدریج به جملات و عبارات بلند و طولانی تر می رسد.
دو نکته اصلی جهت درمان لکنت کودکان:
1- گفتار کودک از چه لحاظ با گفتار سایر کودکان هم سن و سال او تفاوت دارد؟
2- خانواده و اجتماعی که کودک در آن زندگی می کند، تا چه اندازه برای درست صحبت کردن به کودک فشار می آورند؟
1-خود درمانی:
بر اساس این روش، لکنت زبان رفتاری است که نیاز به اصلاح و بازسازی دارد. کودک باید سعی کند با تغییر احساسات و نگرش خود نسبت به لکنت زبان خود، رفتارهای حاصله از آن را مثل چشمک زدن، تیک های عصبی، تنش های عضلانی را کنترل کند. از جمله روش های مورد استفاده این دیدگاه: شیوه حساسیت زدایی، کاهش عکس العمل های عاطفی (ترس از لکنت)، جایگزین کردن رفتارهای مثبت برای کنترل لکنت و روش های کاهش هیجان می باشد.
در روش حساسیت زدایی، کودک را به تدریج با موقعیت ها و شرایط اضطراب آوری که موجب لکنت می شود، رو به رو می کنند و سعی دارند با کاهش عوامل تنش زا لکنت او را درمان کنند.
2-روش جریان هوا:
این روش برای کودکان 7 سال به بالا تنظیم شده است و توجه و تاکید درمانگر به اصلاح تلفظ و نظم تنفس است. بر طبق این شیوه، کودک همان طور که یاد گرفته است لکنت داشته باشد، می تواند یاد بگیرد که لکنت نداشته باشد. اساس این روش به تمرین های مربوط به رها ساختن عضلات اندام های گویا یی و کاهش فشار بر آن هاست.
3-دارو درمانی:
از آن جایی که لکنت زبان همیشه با فشار روانی و تنش همراه است، گروهی از درمان گ
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medicine, clinical counselors are anticipated to have information of frequent psychoactive drugs, including contraindications and side effects. Counselors need to know when to refer clients or sufferers for added assets and learn how to identify when abuse may be taking place or when there’s a threat of suicide or other violence.
Can include psychologists, psychiatrists, marriage counselors, life coaches and social staff. The vast majority of individuals seeking to pursue a psychological well being counseling career will often start with a bachelor’s degree in psychology or counseling. Clients can talk about anything that considerations them, which allows them to explore their feelings and emotions. To become a psychological well being counselor you have to to undergo a rather rigorous quantity of education.
Medical insurance firms are even more apt to supply protection for psychological illness providers as properly. Professionals in this area supply counseling, help, and steerage to people that are having bother coping mentally or emotionally. A scientific social employee has at the very least a grasp’s degree in social work and coaching to have the ability to consider and treat mental sicknesses.
A mental health counselor is qualified to guage and treat psychological issues by providing counseling or psychotherapy. Psychotherapy is more lengthy-term than counseling and focuses on a broader range of issues. Psychological well being counselors may work for a wide range of companies: particular person and family companies, hospitals, and inpatient and outpatient psychological well being amenities.
New federal regulations enable qualifying mental …
Apart from particular person and group therapy, we may additionally cowl providers you get as a part of your inpatient treatment plan. Most states additionally require psychological well being counselors to have advanced levels as properly, akin to grasp’s levels in counseling. Relying on the severity of their conditions, mental well being counselors might diagnose them with any variety of psychological illnesses. Some therapists try to help sufferers be taught new associations by using a system of reward and punishment to result in certain behavioral adjustments.
Nonetheless, there are differences between the two phrases and we’re right here that can assist you understand what makes them different, with the intention to choose the psychology diploma program that may finest fulfill your profession targets. Relying on their stage of coaching and certification, they can evaluate sufferers for mental illness and supply treatment in the form of psychotherapy.
A therapist is a broader umbrella time period for professionals who’re skilled—and often licensed—to supply a wide range of treatments and rehabilitation for people. They have to know the right way to apply research to medical counseling. Mental health counselors typically work in all several types of health facilities, where individuals that need them will have quick access to their providers.
Some medical counselors specialize and work with a particular inhabitants, for example, the elderly. This usually includes interviewing the purchasers and possibly having them fill out questionnaires. Psychologists with either diploma can apply therapy but are required to finish a number of years of supervised practice earlier than changing into licensed. A psychological health counselor may additionally assist his purchasers with setting and attaining goals.
Therapists present help and steering, whereas serving to patients make efficient choices throughout the overall structure of assist. As a health care provider, a psychiatrist is licensed to …
We now have a comprehensive listing of Portland-space therapists who accept Oregon Health Plan (OHP) insurance coverage. Jobs for mental well being counselors will grow 36% by way of 2020. The Bureau of Labor Statistics has predicted that jobs for mental well being counselors will develop 36% in the course of the 2010 to 2020 decade. If someone has a type of psychological sickness comparable to melancholy , bipolar disorder , schizophrenia , or an anxiety dysfunction, psychotherapy also addresses ways in which the sicknesses impacts their each day life, focuses on methods to finest understand the illness and handle its signs and follow medical recommendations.
Can have any variety of levels in a wide range of disciplines, together with a master’s degree, PhD, MD or certificates in fields comparable to social work, substance abuse, medical psychology, psychiatry or family counseling. In an effort to be licensed, the professional counselor additionally needs two extra years’ experience working with a qualified psychological health professional after graduate faculty.
If that is the case, the psychiatrist could provide the psychotherapy, or the psychiatrist could refer you to a counselor or other sort of psychological well being professional. Therapists could be psychoanalysts, marriage counselors , social staff and life coaches, amongst different specialties. Licensed psychologists are certified to do counseling and psychotherapy, carry out psychological testing, and supply therapy for mental issues.
Future mental well being counselors ought to have a deep knowledge of the thoughts, how it works, and the issues that may affect it. A information of human growth is also important. Before counseling or treating their clients, mental health professionals will usually assess them first. Counselors sometimes earn lower than psychiatrists or psychologists do, however that’s one thing that makes them engaging to insurance coverage firms.سوالات سخت اما جالب در آزمون استخدامی گوگل!
به گزارش وبلاگ هتل های باراتوس، در مطلب زیر فهرستی از دشوارترین و ژرف ترین سوالاتی که گوگل در مصاحبه استخدامی از داوطبان می پرسد را مشاهده می کنید.
به گزارش وبلاگ هتل های باراتوس از وبلاگ هتل های باراتوس، گوگل به مطرح کردن سؤالات سخت و درگیرنماینده مغز در مصاحبه استخدامی شهرت دارد.
خب، ممکن است شمایی که این نوشته را می خوانید هیچ وقت در مصاحبه گوگل شرکت نکنید، اما مرور بعضی از سختترین و عمقی ترین سوالات گوگل می تواند برای هر کسی مفید باشد. چرا که:
1-متوجه می شویم که یک شرکت عظیم چطور باید افراد شایسته و خلاق را با طرح سؤالاتی هوشمندانه، دستچین کند.
2-شبیه سازی می کنیم و کمی از روال زندگی روتین تحمیلی خارج می شویم و خودمان را جای داوطلب کار در گوگل می گذاریم و با خودمان می گوییم که اگر در آن موقعیت بودیم چه پاسخی می دادیم.
گوگل البته سؤالات را به مرور زمان عوض می نماید. ضمناً بعضی از این سؤالات به نظر خیلی ساده می آیند، اما گوگل از کمتر پیش می آید که از پاسخ های روتین خوشش بیاید و قانع بگردد!
این شما و این نمونه سوالات گوگلی:
1- محصول گوگل مورد علاقه شما چیست؟ چطور ارتقایش می دهید؟
2- اگر بخواهید که سگتان را سر کار بیاورید، اما یکی از اعضای گروه به سگ های آلرژی داشته باشد، چه می کنید؟
3- اگر آگهی ها از یوتیوب برداشته شوند، فکر می کنید چطور می گردد از این سرویس پول درآورد؟
4- در خصوص گوگل چه می دانید؟
5- یک نقشه تخلیه اضطراری ساختمان برای گوگل بکشید.
6- تصور می کنید که در بوستون کدام یک از این ها بیشتر پتانسیل تبلیغاتی داشته باشد: یک گل فروشی یا یک مؤسسه کفن و دفن؟
7- یک سکه را هزار بار می اندازید و 560 بار شیر می آید. آیا تصور می کنید که در پرتاب سکه سوگیری ای وجود داشته است؟ (بایاس)
8- به نظرتان معنای گوگلی بودن چیست؟
9- تصور کنید که استخدام شده اید و قصد دارید با مدیر خود شوخی کنید، چه شوخی ای می کنید؟
10- نظرتان را در این مورد بگویید که آیا هنگام استفاده از جی میل یا گوگل پلاس باید الزامی باشد که کاربران از نام اصلی خود استفاده نمایند یا خیر.
11- اگر کار نکنید، چه دلمشغولی ای خواهید داشت؟
12- چه چیز شما را می ترساند؟
13- تصور می کنید که چند راه برای پیدا کردن یک سوزن در یک انبار کاه وجود داشته باشد؟
14- برآورد کنید که چند توپ تنیس در یک هواپیما جا می گردد.
15- اگر قرار باشد که قادر به یادآوری تنها یک جمله باشد، آن جمله چه خواهد بود؟
16- اگر قرار باشد که در باقی عمر، تنها مجاز به پخش یک ترانه هنگام ورورد به یک اتاق باشید، آن ترانه چه خواهد بود؟
17- تصور می کنید که ظرف 3 سال آینده، دنیای تبلیغات دیجیتال چه تغییراتی خواهد نمود؟
18- اگر همین امروز رئیس شوید، 3 تغییری را نام ببرید که در دانشگاه یا محل کار ایجاد خواهید کرد.
19- آگهی های کلمه ای را برای یک کودک 7 ساله شرح بدهید.
20- تصور کنید که یک سرویس تحویل خواروبار ضروری به مشتریان دارید (شبیه سرویس fresh آمازون) که مواد غذایی را 24 ساعته می رساند. تخمین بزنید که چند کامیون برای چنین سرویسی احتیاج دارید.
21- چطور به یک کودک 6 ساله رایانش ابری را شرح می دهید؟
22- نظرتان در خصوص اینکه کاربران برای استفاده از جی میل مجبور باشند 1 دلار در ماه بپردازند، چیست؟
23- فکر می کنید که هر سال کل شهرمندان آمریکا چند بار موهایشان را کوتاه می نمایند؟
24- شش چیزی را فهرست کنید که شما را عصبی می نمایند.
25- در خصوص خودتان چیزی به من بگویید که در روزومه تان نیست.
26- تصور می کنید که بازار خودرو های خودران در سال 2020 چگونه باشد؟
27- تصور کنید که دانه های باران مدل سازی شده در حال افتادن روی پیاده رو باشند. عرص پیاده رو یک متر است و دانه های باران یک سانیتمتر. به نظرتان چه زمانی پیاده رو کاملا خیس می گردد؟
28- چگونه اهمیت HTML 5 را به لری پیج و بعد به مادرعظیمم شرح می دهید؟
29- برایم یک لطیفه بگو!
30- ترجیح می دهید که بیاموزید یا پول به دست آورید؟
31- اگر همین الان به شما 10 میلیون دلار بدهم با آن چه خواهید کرد؟
32- سرویسی را تعریف کنید که شما را به مسافرت آینده ببرد.
33- آیا شما لینک به نوشته یک آدم افراطی را برمی دارید؟
34- اگر به شما یک میلیارد دلار و یک فضاپیما بدهند، چطور عظیم ترین بحران نوع بشر را حل می کنید؟
35- تصور کنید که یک مهاجرنشین (کلونی) روی مریخ دارید و شما از زمین می خواهید با آن ها ارتباط برقرار کنید. چطور یک سیستم ارتباطی برای این کار می سازید.
36- چند خودرو هر روز از یک روی پل عبور می نمایند؟
37- اگر به پایگاه داده یک بانک دسترسی داشتید، از اطلاعاتش چطور برای طراحی یک خودپرداز برای آدم های سالخورده استفاده می کردید؟
38- چطور یک کارخانه کفش دوزی را ارتقا می دهید؟
39- یک اپلیکیشن اجتماعی موبایل برای دفتر های گروهی از متخصصان ارتودنسی، طراحی کنید.
40- فکر می کنید هر سال در آمریکا چند عنوان کتاب تازه منتشر می گردد؟
41- چطور مسئله بی خانمان ها در پایین شهر سانفرانسیسکو را حل می کنید؟منبع: جام جم آنلاینSteve Allen
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Libri di Steve AllenLingua:Libri Italiani
SECONDA EDIZIONE ESTESA E AGGIORNATA
Se vuoi che i tuoi colleghi, capi, partner, figli, potenziali clienti o qualsiasi persona dica “sì” a ciò che vuoi, ti dirò solo tre parole: Leggi questo libro!
Che tu stia parlando con il tuo partner, i tuoi amici, scrivendo un'email di lavoro, vendendo un prodotto, un servizio, raccontando una storia o abbia semplicemente voglia di impressionare, motivare e influenzare gli altri fin dal primo momento, devi conoscere i metodi che usano i maestri della persuasione per cambiare i pensieri delle persone e farle agire.
In questo libro scoprirai cosa fa muovere le persone. Troverai una raccolta delle tecniche più persuasive utilizzate dai politici, dagli inserzionisti, dagli scrittori di propaganda e da tutti coloro che sono in grado di cambiare rapidamente i pensieri di un individuo o di un gruppo di persone.
Puoi usare queste tecniche per far fare a una persona cose che normalmente non farebbe, cambiare le sue convinzioni, cambiare i suoi pensieri, convincerle di qualcosa o farle agire. Qualunque sia la tua motivazione, in questo libro troverai gli strumenti di cui hai bisogno.
Gli schemi che imparerai sono tratti da manuali di operazioni psicologiche, annotazioni di psicologi, manuali di vendita ed esperimenti. Questi strumenti possono essere così poderosi e potenti che possono fare molto danno o molto bene a chi si imbatte in essi, quindi usali in modo etico.
Questo libro non è progettato per scopi accademici, ma per essere messo in pratica nella vita reale. Questa seconda edizione è strutturata in tre parti. Nella prima parte apprenderai i concetti di base della programmazione neurolinguistica. Qui capirai come funziona la nostra mente e imparerai a padroneggiare potenti tecniche per indirizzare il tuo cervello e quello degli altri.
Nella seconda parte imparerai i principi della persuasione. Qui capirai perché gli schemi di linguaggio funzionano e avrai una struttura che sarà come una mappa che ti permetterà di sapere in ogni momento cosa dire e, cosa più importante, cosa non dire.
Infine, nella terza parte, imparerai schemi di linguaggio specifici. Vedremo schemi progettati per eliminare la resistenza, per focalizzare le persone su ciò che ti interessa e, in generale, imparerai ad indirizzare le persone nella direzione in cui vuoi che vadano.
Questi sono alcuni degli argomenti che imparerai:
- Come mettere le idee nella mente delle altre persone
- Come creare uno stato mentale in cui le persone sono pronte ad accettare le tue idee
- Come cambiare la mentalità di una persona
- Come far accettare i tuoi suggerimenti
- Come cambiare o indebolire le credenze
- Come provocare o cambiare stati emotivi
- Come far uscire le persone da stati emotivi negativi
- Come cambiare la direzione dei pensieri di un'altra persona
- Come essere d'accordo con tutto e continuare a mantenere la propria opinione
- Come ottenere accordi e seminare le condizioni alle quali non si può dire di no
- Come far sì che le persone usino la loro immaginazione per ottenere quello che vuoi
- E molto altro…
Pensa alla soddisfazione e al potere che sentirai quando sarai finalmente in grado di convincere chiunque a fare ciò di cui hai bisogno e raggiungere così tut
Ti avverto, questo libro sarà una sfida per le tue credenze e i tuoi limiti. Se ti sei mai chiesto se i tuoi pensieri possano davvero influenzare la tua vita, qui troverai le risposte che ti faranno aprire gli occhi. Scoprirai la nuova ed emozionante prova scientifica che dimostra che i nostri pensieri hanno un effetto diretto sul mondo che ci circonda, e ti mostrerò come sfruttare questa conoscenza nella tua realtà.
Ti presenterò la mia visione della legge di attrazione, la stessa visione che per me ha funzionato al punto tale da poter dichiarare di essere un uomo assolutamente felice. Tutto ciò che apprenderai qui, io lo applico ogni giorno nella mia vita. Un capitolo dopo l’altro vedrai che siamo padroni dei risultati che produciamo. Scoprirai ricerche incredibili che hanno cambiato completamente il mio approccio alla vita e di certo cambieranno in meglio anche la tua. Passerai dall’essere una vittima impotente ad un potente creatore e vedrai come funzionano le tecniche di creazione della realtà dal punto di vista scientifico.
Quindi perché questo libro? Perché leggere un altro libro sulla legge di attrazione?
Se ti aspetti che ti riveli una tecnica che ti permetterà di manifestare un milione di dollari entro il fine settimana, ti sei rivolto alla persona sbagliata. Nonostante il mio successo nella manifestazione, non ho scoperto il segreto nascosto della legge di attrazione, e questo perché non esiste alcun segreto. Tuttavia ti rivelerò il mio sistema di 5 passi che aumenterà esponenzialmente le tue probabilità di successo nella sua applicazione.
Spero che tu possa identificarti con ciò che dirò, ma devo avvertirti che probabilmente non sarà un processo facile. Se sei deciso a leggere, prendere appunti e investire il tempo necessario, allora posso prometterti che tutto il duro lavoro varrà la pena.
Questo è un libro che devi studiare come se il tuo successo dipendesse da esso. Più che sulla legge di attrazione, è un libro sul tuo sviluppo personale e sulla persona nella quale ti trasformerai, dato che ciò in cui ti trasformerai finirà per riflettersi direttamente su ciò che otterrai. Riprogrammerai la tua mente con informazioni che ti aiuteranno ad utilizzare appieno il tuo potenziale per manifestare i tuoi obiettivi e i tuoi desideri. Tuttavia non ti darò ciò che non possiedi, né ti insegnerò cose che non sai già, semplicemente ti aiuterò a vedere ed utilizzare il grande potere che si trova già dentro di te.
Principalmente, ti mostrerò la scienza che c’è dietro la legge di attrazione. Non ho nulla contro il misticismo, le religioni, la metafisica o qualunque altro approccio tipico della maggior parte dei libri sulla legge di attrazione, ma la mia mente scettica mi dice che c’è una spiegazione logica per ogni evento, e in questo libro esamineremo la scienza che sta dietro i poteri creativi della tua mente. Vedremo studi che mostrano esattamente come la nostra mente crea la forma materiale e, mano a mano che ogni pezzo del rompicapo trova il suo posto, scoprirai che la scienza è ancora più sorprendente del misticismo.
Prima di terminare questa guida ricorderai cose che non puoi dimenticare, anche se vuoi
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orbers from Freudenberg prevent this by reliably absorbing liquids inside battery packs.
Liquids leaking inside a battery pack can have a variety of causes. The humidity of the air is one major issue. Air enters into the battery pack, and moisture condenses inside the cooled pack. Another problem is coolant leaking out of the cooling system. In both cases, the absorbing fleece acts as a safety system to reliably capture and retain condensate and leaking coolant.
Freudenberg developed its Battery Pack Liquid Absorbers as absorbent pads that can reliably take up and store large volumes of liquid. The modular design allows for scaling of the absorption capacity, which is limited only by the available space. Customer-specific geometries can even be implemented thanks to the flexible material.
The pads are a long-lasting solution for climate and moisture management in battery packs. The fleece material quickly takes up condensate and stores it effectively. Even in an emergency, leaking coolant is quickly absorbed and reliably retained.Science is a body of knowledge about the world developed through the scientific method. Observations about the world lead to hypotheses or educated guesses about why things are the way they are. The hypotheses are then tested and based on the results of the test the hypotheses is proved wrong or not. Here are some different courses in science that you might consider taking now or in the future.
Physics is the study of matter and energy and their interaction. It is the study of why things move the way they do, or why stay where they are. A basic understanding of physics is very important in every engineering field.
Chemistry is the study of the composition, structure, and physical properties of substances and the reactions that produce or convert them into other substances. Like physics, a basic understanding of chemistry is important in every engineering field.
Biology is the study of living organisms. There are several specialized sciences that are part of biology including botany, zoology, microbiology, and genetics. An understanding of living systems is important to all engineers, but especially those working on environmental, agricultural, and medical problems.
Sometimes taught as environmental science, ecology is the study of how living organisms and the physical environment interact. A basic understanding of how things in nature are connected is important to all engineers, not just to those working on environmental projects.
There are several other sciences that you may consider learning about: Anatomy, the study the human body; Anthropology, the study of cultures; Astronomy, the study of stars and the cosmos; Economics, the study of markets and resource allocation; Psychology, the study of human senses; and Sociology, the study of societies or people in groups.
Here are some links you want to learn more about science:Objective. Supine sleep is recommended for infants to decrease the risk of sudden infant death syndrome, but many parents report that their infants seem uncomfortable supine. Many cultures swaddle infants for sleep in the supine position. Swaddled infants are said to “sleep better”; presumably they sleep longer or with fewer arousals. However, there have been no studies of the effect of swaddling on spontaneous arousals during sleep. Arousal is initiated in brainstem centers and manifests as a sequence of reflexes: from sighs to startles and then to thrashing movements. Such “brainstem arousals” may progress to full arousal, but most do not.
Methods. Twenty-six healthy infants, aged 80 ± 7 days, were studied during normal nap times. Swaddled (cotton spandex swaddle) and unswaddled trials were alternated for each infant. Sleep state (rapid eye movement [REM] or quiet sleep [QS]) was determined by behavioral criteria (breathing pattern, eye movements) and electroencephalogram/electrooculogram (10 infants). Respitrace, submental and biceps electromyogram, and video recording were used to detect startles and sighs (augmented breaths). Full arousals were classified by eye opening and/or crying. Frequencies of sighs, startles, and full arousals per hour were calculated. Progression of events was calculated as percentages in each sleep state, as was duration of sleep state.
Results. Swaddling decreased startles in QS and REM, full arousal in QS, and progression of startle to arousal in QS. It resulted in shorter arousal duration during REM sleep and more REM sleep.
Conclusions. Swaddling has a significant inhibitory effect on progression of arousals from brainstem to full arousals involving the cortex in QS. Swaddling decreases spontaneous arousals in QS and increases the duration of REM sleep, perhaps by helping infants return to sleep spontaneously, which may limit parental intervention. For these reasons, a safe form of swaddling that allows hip flexion/abduction and chest wall excursion may help parents keep their infants in the supine sleep position and thereby prevent the sudden infant death syndrome risks associated with the prone sleep position.
Supine sleeping decreases the risk for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).1 However, some parents place their infants in the prone sleep position despite these recommendations.2–4 Many of these parents state that their infants seem more comfortable when prone and sleep better.4 Studies confirm that the prone position decreases frequency of arousals.5–9
Swaddled infants placed on their backs are said to “sleep better,” presumably meaning that they sleep longer or with fewer arousals. Parents commonly report that infants who are back sleepers “startle themselves awake.” Experimental studies confirm that arousals to stimuli decrease during swaddled sleep; however, the effect of swaddling on spontaneous arousals during supine sleep has not been studied.10
Arousal, initiated in brainstem centers, is manifested as a sequence of reflexes.11 These begin as sighs and may progress to startles. These startles may or may not progress to full arousal. Supine sleeping is associated with increased arousals from sleep compared with the prone sleep position.5–9 The effect of swaddling on the frequency of brainstem arousals as well as full behavioral arousals is unknown. Likewise, the effect of swaddling on progression of brainstem arousals to full arousals is unknown.
Infants were alternately swaddled in a cotton spandex swaddle (Fig 1) or not swaddled and left in the free state. After sleep was attained, the infant was observed for rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and quiet sleep (QS).
Infants were studied during a daytime nap in a sleep laboratory. The Washington University Human Study Committee approved the study protocol, and informed consent was obtained from the parent of each infant before the study.
We studied 26 healthy infants, 16 girls and 10 boys. The mean age was 80 ± 7 days, with a range of 24 to 180 days. All infants were normal by clinical examination. Two infants were preterm, both at 32 week estimated gestational age.
The infant was alternated to the opposite period—swaddled or free—and observed again for both sleep states. When infants awoke during the study, they were lulled back to sleep with routine measures—rocking, pacifier, singing, or feeding—or the study was completed.
All infants underwent a single polysomnographic recording with data recorded on an 8-channel polygraph recorder (model R611; Beckman Instruments, Schiller Park, IL). Each infant was monitored with electrocardiogram. Thoracic and abdominal respiratory movements and the sum of these two recordings were measured using inductance plethysmography (Respitrace; Ambulatory Monitoring, Ardsley, NY). Oxygen saturation was monitored with pulse oximetry (Nellcor Pulse Oximetry, Hayward, CA) with the probe placed on the right or left great toe. Electromyogram (EMG) was monitored on the right bicep with 2 superficial electrodes. Submental EMG was monitored with 2 electrodes. Electroencephalogram (EEG) was used with the O2 and CZ electrode placement (10 infants). Electrooculogram (EOG) was determined with electrodes at the superior and inferior orbital rims (10 infants).
A video recording was made throughout each study. Two separate cameras (JVC Professional Products, Elmwood Park, NJ) simultaneously recorded the infant and the respiratory channels of the polygraph. The images were combined and displayed on a split-screen monitor (Videonix, Campbell, CA) so that the events on the polygraph and the behavior of the infant could be viewed simultaneously.
Sleep state was determined by behavioral criteria (breathing pattern and eye movements) in all infants.12 EEG/EOG criteria in combination with behavioral and respiratory criteria were used to determine sleep state in 10 infants. Determination of sleep state by behavioral and respiratory criteria correlated with the EEG/EOG determination of sleep state with 97% agreement when 1 reviewer used behavior and respiratory criteria alone and the other reviewer, blinded to the infant’s behavior, used EEG/EOG criteria alone. Sighs (ie, augmented breaths) were detected by Respitrace. Startles were detected by biceps EMGs and by video recording (Fig 2). Full arousals consisted of eye opening and/or crying (Fig 3). Frequencies of sighs, startles, and full arousals per hour were calculated to normalize the data for comparison across infants. For avoiding biasing the data, the final behavioral arousal sequence was not included in data analysis. This was done because 5 infants were not allowed to wake spontaneously at the end of the study but were awakened because of time constraints. The progression of sighs to startles and startles to full arousal are expressed as a percentage. The total duration of sleep states was calculated for each infant during each period, discounting arousals <2 seconds. The percentage of brief arousals, those <1 minute, were compared in swaddled versus unswaddled periods during REM sleep. Data are expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for statistical analysis for nonparametric data.
Twenty-six infants had QS during unswaddled and swaddled periods. Twenty-two infants had REM sleep during both periods. The average study duration was 107 ± 7 minutes (range: 58–178 minutes). No infants escaped from the swaddle despite increased motor activity when awake. The frequency of sighs per hour was unchanged when swaddled during both QS and REM sleep (Figs 4 and 5). The frequency of startles was decreased with swaddling during QS (P < .02) and REM sleep (P < .005; Figs 4 and 5). The frequency of behavioral arousals was decreased with swaddling during QS (P < .001) but not REM sleep (Figs 4 and 5). The progression of sighs to startles was decreased in both QS and REM sleep by swaddling (P < .003 and 0.0004; Figs 6 and 7). The progression of startles to full arousal was decreased with swaddling in QS but not REM sleep (P < .006; Figs 6 and 7). The percentage of brief arousals was statistically increased during swaddled compared with unswaddled periods in REM sleep (P < .05; Figs 6 and 7). The average sleep duration while swaddled was increased in REM sleep (P < .0005; Fig 8). There was no difference in duration between the periods in QS (P > .05; Fig 8).
The Back to Sleep Campaign with the American Academy of Pediatrics’ recommendation has reduced SIDS deaths by nearly 50%.1 Unfortunately, approximately 20% of parents change their infants to the prone sleep position by 2 months of age, the age when SIDS risk is greatest.4 Many parents reported that they made this change because their infants slept better or seemed more comfortable when prone.3,4
Swaddling has been used for centuries as an infant care practice throughout much of the world. The common theme of swaddling is motor restraint. Infants who are swaddled for sleep are also placed supine. Women who traditionally swaddle their infants report that their infants would not sleep if they were not swaddled.13 It is unclear what effect swaddling exerts on infants, but it does seem that swaddling an infant results in “better sleep” than leaving the infant unswaddled, as this study suggests.
The safety of traditional swaddling methods is concerning. Prospective trials have linked tight swaddling with the legs in extension and adduction with increased incidence of congenital hip dysplasia.14 Therefore, a swaddling technique that allows hip flexion and abduction is important. Other reports have linked tight chest swaddling with increased risk for pneumonia.15 Thus, a swaddle that allows chest excursion is necessary. The current blanket swaddling technique used in the United States is problematic in that older and larger infants can escape, resulting in a free blanket in the bed with the resultant head-covering risk for SIDS. Therefore, a technique that limits breaking free from the swaddle is also important. These points should be remembered with any discussion on swaddling. Noteworthy is that no infants we studied escaped from the swaddle that we designed for this study.
Epidemiologic studies suggest that swaddled and supine sleeping infants have a significantly lower risk for SIDS than unswaddled supine sleeping infants.16,17 This decreased risk may derive from the motor restraint of swaddling keeping infants from rolling to a prone position and preventing them from getting their heads caught in loose blankets.16 Fewer arousals during swaddled supine sleep may also prevent infants from attempting to get into a wedged, head-covered, or prone position.
A comparison of unswaddled prone sleep and swaddled supine sleep would be interesting in the study of the arousal pathway progression because prone sleep is associated with decreased behavioral arousals.5–9 Prone sleep may inhibit arm movements associated with a full extensor startle response, which would lead to less frequent behavioral arousal by reducing proprioceptive stimuli in the same way that may occur during swaddling. Decreased arousability has been implicated as a cause for SIDS in prone sleeping infants. It is not known how swaddled supine sleeping arousability compares with prone sleeping arousability. As well, it is unknown whether swaddling might impair arousal in some life-threatening situations. However, epidemiologic studies clearly show that swaddling decreases the risk for SIDS more than supine sleeping alone.16,17
When interviewed, many parents have said that startles can cause full arousals in their infants. The present findings indicate that swaddling during QS inhibits each sequential step in the arousal pathway. It has been previously proposed that swaddling inhibits full arousal by limiting the movement and proprioceptive stimulation of startles.10,18,19 A similar explanation was expressed by Sherrington20 for “chained reflexes” in which the motor activity of the initial reflex serves as a stimulus for the next reflex in the chain. This theory offers an explanation for our findings in QS; however, the theory alone cannot explain the observations in REM sleep. We found that during REM sleep, the infant is as likely to arouse from the startle when swaddled as when unswaddled. Why this is the case is unclear but may be related to previous observations. Normally, a significantly greater number of startles occur in REM than in QS.21 Furthermore, it has been shown that repeated arousal stimuli leads to a more rapid inhibition of the arousal pathway in REM sleep than in QS.22 The first evidence of habituation is a decrease in the number of startles that progress to full arousal. We found that infants have more startles in REM sleep when unswaddled than when swaddled. It follows that both arm movements and associated proprioceptive stimulation would be increased in unswaddled infants. It could be that unswaddled infants, during REM sleep, habituate to the increased frequency and magnitude of this proprioceptive stimuli to a greater extent than when swaddled. Such habituation would lead to a reduction in overall behavioral arousals that follow startles when unswaddled. This would have the effect of reducing the difference in behavioral arousals in unswaddled and swaddled infants. In any case, full arousals were shorter in duration when swaddled than unswaddled, which resulted in the infant’s returning to sleep more rapidly.
It should be pointed out that the startle-arousal proprioceptive theory has limitations in that it does not explain our other finding that progression of sighs to startles is inhibited by swaddling in both sleep states. Why this is so is unclear as proprioceptive stimuli associated with a sigh seem unlikely to be affected by swaddling.
Unlike QS duration, swaddling was associated with more REM sleep in this study. The increased REM sleep duration during swaddling likely is related to briefer arousals, allowing the infant to return to sleep more rapidly. Why a swaddled infant would have shorter arousal durations is not clear. The motor restraint of swaddling may limit additional movements, which could reduce the proprioceptive stimulation to the reticular activating system. Breaking the cycle of motor activity and associated proprioceptive stimulation could allow the infant to return to sleep.
The long-term effect of longer REM sleep duration in swaddled infants is unclear but may be beneficial. It has been suggested that REM sleep directs early brain maturation through control of neural activity.23 REM sleep may also play a role in protein synthesis and with the learning and memory processes.24,25 REM sleep deprivation may correlate with hyperactivity as well as depression.26,27
Infants who sleep supine have decreased awakenings during QS when swaddled. During REM sleep, behavioral arousals are unchanged but the infant is more likely to return to sleep on his or her own. This would reduce the need for parent intervention in helping an infant return to sleep. Therefore, a safe form of swaddling, that does not restrict hip movement or chest wall excursion and limits breaking free, may help parents decide to keep their infants in the supine sleep position and thereby prevent the additional risk of SIDS with prone sleeping.28
This research was funded by National Institute of Child Health and Human Development grant 10993. Institutional Training grant T32-HL07873 from the National Institutes of Health supported Claudia Gerard.
- Received June 25, 2002.
- Accepted August 12, 2002.
- Reprint requests to (B.T.T.) 660 South Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8208, St Louis, MO 63010. E-mail:
- ↵American Academy of Pediatrics, Task Force on Infant Positioning and SIDS. Positioning and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS): update. Pediatrics.1996;98 :1216– 1218
- Kahn A, Grosswater J, Sottiaux M, Rebuffat E, Franco P, Dramaix M. Prone or supine body position and sleep characteristics in
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falcıların söylediklerine inanmak yasaktır.
Bu hususta Kurân-ı Kerim'de şöyle buyurulur:
"Ey iman edenler! şarap, kumar, putlar, fal ve şans okları birer şeytan işi pisliktir. Bunlardan uzak durun ki felaha
erişesiniz" (Maide Sûresi, Ayet: 90).
Konuya ilişkin olarak Allah Elçisi Peygamberimiz Hz. Muhammed (S.A.S) de şöyle söylemiştir: "Kuşun ötmesinden, uçmasından uğursuzluk kabul etmek, ufak taşlar (nohut, bakla, fasulye, iskanbil kağıdı, kahve telvesi vs.) ile fal açmak, kum üzerine hatlar çizmek, bunlardan geleceğe dair hükümler çıkarmak SÎHİR ve KEHANET nevindendir"(11)
Bu ilahi emirlerden açıkça anlaşılıyor ki, fal yasak bir davranış olup haram kılınmıştır. Haram olan bir hükmün şakası helal olamaz. Bu bakımdan eğlence için dahi olsa, falcıların dediklerine ve fala inanmak caiz değildir. Falcılar bir takım şekil ve sembollere dayanarak geleceği gördüklerini ve gaybı bildiklerini iddia ederler. Bu iddialar yalandır. Söylediklerinden binde biri rast gelse dahi bu onların gaybı bildiklerine kanıt olamaz. Çünkü gaybı Allah'tan başka kimse bilemez.
Eğer falcılar herşeyi önceden bildiklerini iddia ediyorlarsa, sınaması kolay. Gelsinler bir araya toplansınlar; ilim adamlarından da jüri kurulsun ve dünya üzerinde herhangi bir şehir tesbit edilip, bu şehirde yarın neler olacak diye falcılara sorulsun. Bakalım bir gün evvelden o tesbit edilen yerde veya ülkede neler oluyor, tümünü haber verebilecekler mi?
İşte meydan, işte dünya !
Her yeni yıl biterken bazı kâhin ve falcıların sesleri duyulur.
Yeni yılda şu olacak, şu ölecek, şu günde dünya bozulacak vs. gibi.
Çok şükür ki onların dediklerinden hiçbirisinin gerçekleştiği (55 senedir yaşıyorum) duymadım. Çünkü geleceği falcı değil, kâinatın yaratıcısı "Âlemlerin Rabbi" Yüce Allah bilir. Allah'ın bildirmediği bir şeyi kimse bilemez.
İnsan, ancak Allah'ın yarattıkları üzerinde akıl yürütür. İlmi öğrenmeye çalışır. En akıllı ve en gelişmiş varlık insan olmasına rağmen, insanın bilgisi ve enerjisi sınırlıdır. Beşeri ve tabii kanunlar arasında sebep-sonuç münasebetleri kurarak birtakım olayları keşfedebilir, bilgiyi öğrenir, yeni yeni kanunları isbat edebilir. Ama bu bilme ve tanıma gücü bir noktaya kadardır. O noktadan ötesi insan için meçhuldür, gayb âlemidir. Gaybın sırlan ve tasarrufu ise Allah'ın ilmine ve iradesine tabidir. Bu nedenlerle Allah'ın bildirmediği bir şeyi ben biliyorum demek, hem ilahi talimata hem de insanlık vasıflarına aykırıdır. Bu itibarla yukarıda söylediğimiz gibi, falcıların söylediklerinden bir kaç tanesi rastgelse bile, bu onların gaybı bildiklerim ifade etmez. Nitekim bu konuyla ilgili olarak Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı'na sorulan bir soruya, Din İşleri Yüksek Kurulu Başkanlığından 27 Ocak 1987 tarih K6214-9/93 sayılı yazıyla aşağıdaki cevap verilmiştir.
"Gaybı Allah'tan başka kimse bilemez. Nitekim Kur'ân-l Kerim'de (Neml Sûresi, Ayet: 65)
"Göklerde ve yerde gaybı Allah 'tan başka bilen yoktur" buyrulmuştur. Rasulullah (S.A.S) Efendimiz de: "Kahin ve falcıya (yani gaipten haber veren kişiye) inanan kimsenin 40 gün namazı kabul olmaz", "Ona inanan kişi, bana indirileni (kitap ve vahyi) inkar etmiş olur" buyurmuştur.
Bu itibarla yıldızname ve benzeri fal kitaplarına itibar edilmesi ve bu tür şeylere inanılması caiz değildir."
İnsanların maddi ve manevi ilerlemesine engel olan bu tür inançlar, ilk çağların müşrik toplumlarından zamanımıza intikal etmiştir. Ne çare ki modern dünyamızın modern toplumlarında hâlâ bu tür martavallara inananlar, gönül bağlayanlar pek çoktur.
Meselâ böyle hayal üzerine yazılmış bir kitapta şöyle denilmektedir.
"Dahi 1231 kere YA MUĞNİ deye seccadesi altında akçe (yani para) bula. Kimseye demeye batıl olur"(12).
Ne saçmalık!... Hiç oturduğun yerden'"YA MUĞNİ" çekmekle seccadenin altı parayla dolar mı?.. Öyle olsaydı milyarlarca insan gecesini gündüzüne katarak geçim derdi peşinde koşar mıydı?..
İşte böyle yanlış ve batıl telkinlerdir ki, asırlardır şark memleketlerini fakr u zaruret içerisinde kıvrandırmaktadır. Bu kolaydan ve havadan para kazanma isteği tamamen tembellerin, miskinlerin falcı ve kahinlerin uydurdukları yalanlardır.
Ama bu hurafelere de en çok kanan bizim halkımızdır.
Oysa mensup olduğumuz İSLÂM DİNİ, kesinlikle tembellikten, miskinlikten yana değildir. Büyük müçtehit İmam-ı Azam Ebu Hanife Hazretleri, "İslâm'ın dostu ilim, düşmanı cehalettir" demiştir. Ama buna rağmen hurafelere de en çok bizim dindaşlarımız inandırılmaktadır.
Bu, bizim halkımızı iyi eğitemediğimizi, gerçek İslâm düşüncesini iyi öğretemediğimizi gösterir. Burada suçlu İslâm değil, İslâm'ı iyi anlamayan ve anlatamayanlardır. Çünkü İslâm, daima çalışma, araştırma, okuma ve düşünmeyi teşvik etmektedir. Kur'ân-ı Kerim'de okuma, araştırma ve çalışma ile ilgili yüzlerce ayet-i kerime vardır.
İslâm Dinine göre meşru yoldan kazanç temini için çalışmak ibadet hükmündedir. Bu nedenle tembellik ve havadan para kazanma yollan İslâm'da reddedilmiştir. Hele eli kolu bağlı oturup da: "Kaderimde ne varsa o çıkar" düşüncesi hiç bir şekilde kabul edilemez. Çünkü kutsal Kitabımız Kur'ân-ı Kerim'de Yüce Allah şöyle buyurmaktadır:
"İnsan ancak çalıştığına erişir. Onun çalışması şüphesiz görülecektir. Sonra ona karşılığı noksansız verilecektir" (Necm, 39, 40, 41). Bir başka buyrukta da şöyle denilmektedir: "Namaz bitince yeryüzüne yayılın; Allah'ın lütfundan rızık isteyin.." (Cuma, 10) Mülk Sûresi 15. âyette de şöyle bildirilir. "Yeryüzünü size boyun eğdiren O'dur. Öyleyse yerin sırtlarında dolaşın. Allah'ın verdiği rızıktan yiyin, sonunda dönüş O'nadır."
Anlamlarını sunduğumuz bu âyetler, kişinin ve toplumun mutluluğu için çalışmanın ve araştırmanın önemine dikkatlerimizi çekmekte ve çalışmanın Allah emri olduğunu ifade etmektedir. Sevgili Peygamberimiz Hz. Muhammed (S.A.S.) de, her vesile ile çalışmayı önermiş, tembelliği kişinin yüzkarası olarak nitelemiştir. Rızık kapısının günün en yüksek noktasından yerin derinliklerine kadar açık olduğunu haber vermiştir. Sevgili Allah Elçisinin hadis kitaplarında konuya ilişkin pek çok buyruğu vardır.
Bu konuda Milli Şairimiz M. Akif ERSOY da bir beyitinde şöyle diyor:
"Bekayı hak tanıyan, say'ı bir vazife bilir,
Çalış, çalış ki beka sa 'y olursa hak edilir."
Kutsal kitabımız Kur'ân-ı Kerim'in pek çok yerinde insanın düşünmesi, araştırması tavsiye edilir demiştik. Ancak Kur'ân, prensiplere en genel şekli ile değinir. Ayrıntıları insanın çalışmasına, araştırmasına, idrakine bırakır. Çünkü ilerlemek, yükselmek ve başarıya ulaşmak ancak çalışmayla, bilimle elde edilir. Veren elin alan elden daha hayırlı olduğu bildirilmiştir. Kur'ân-ı Kerim'de, "Kim iyi davranışta bulunursa kendisi için yapar, kim kötülük ederse kendisine eder. Allah kullarına zulmetmez" (Fussilet Suresi, âyet, 46). emri mevcuttur. Buna göre iyiyi yapmak, doğruyu bulmak, yararlı yönde çalışmak görevimizdir. Unutmayalım ki ne ekersek onu biçeriz.
Burada bir noktaya daha değinmek istiyorum. O da çalışırken doğruluktan ayrılmamaktır. Çünkü Yüce Allah Hûd Sûresi 112. âyetinde: "Emrolunduğun gibi dosdoğru ol" demektedir. Buna göre hangi iş yerinde olursak olalım ve hangi işte çalışırsak çalışalım, daima iyi niyetle doğru çalışalım. Zira İslâm'da falcılık, üfürükçülük yaparak değil, alınteri dökerek kazanç temini helaldir, insanları kandırarak, inançları sömürerek kazanç temini ise haramdır.
Unutulmamalıdır ki uygar uluslar uzayı parselleme, kâinatı feth etme yolunda yarış yaparlarken bizim, falcının söylediklerinden, kuşun ötmesinden, kahvenin telvesinden ahkâm çıkarmamız abestir.
Bu hem ilme hem de İslama saygısızlıktır. Konuyu Yüce Allah'ın buyruğu ile noktalayalım.
"Peygamber size ne emretti ise onu alın (O'nun dediği ile amel edin). Size neyi yasak etti ise ondan sakının."
(Haşr Sûresi, Âyet: 7)
Falcılık, Bâtıl İnanç ve Hurafeler
Sual: Fal günah mıdır? Falcılık ve büyücülük aynı şey midir?
CEVAP: Yıldız falı, kahve falı, el falı gibi her çeşit fal hurafedir. Hadis-i şeriflerde buyuruluyor ki:
«Falcının, büyücünün söylediklerine inanan, Kuran-ı Kerim'e inanmamış olur.» (Taberani)
«Fal baktıran, falcıya inanmasa bile, kırk gün namazı kabul olmaz.» (Müslim)
Cinci hocanın cinden kurtardığına inanarak, ona ücret vermek caiz değildir. Çalınanları, kaybolanları bilirim diyen ve buna inanan da kâfir olur. “Bana cin haber veriyor, onun için biliyorum” derse, yine kâfir olur. Çünkü cin de gaybı bilmez. Gaybı yalnız Allahü teâlâ, bir de onun vahy ve ilham ettikleri bilir. Cin, bu iki yoldan öğrendiğini haber verirse, “Bana falanca evliya bildirdi” derse küfür olmaz. Cinden arkadaş edinip, olmuş şeyleri ona sorup, ondan öğrenmek ve bunları başkalarına bildirmek de caiz değildir. Çünkü cinlerin gördüğü şeyleri doğru anlatıp anlatmadığı bilinemez.
Cincilere ve büyücülerin, söylediklerine, yaptıklarına inanmak, bazen doğru çıksa bile, Allah'tan başkasının her şeyi bildiğine ve her dilediğini yapacağına inanmak olup, küfürdür. Büyü öğrenmek de, öğretmek de haramdır. Müslümanları zarardan korumak için öğrenmek de haramdır. Hayırlı iş yapmak için de haram işlemek, büyü çözmek için büyü yapmak da caiz değildir. Büyü yaparken, küfre sebep olan bir şey yapmak küfürdür. Böyle olmazsa, büyük günahtır. Hadis-i şerifte «Büyü yapan ve yaptıran ve bunlara inanan bizden değildir» buyuruldu. (Bezzar)
Burçlara göre fal açmak da hurafedir. Her burçta doğan aynı karaktere sahip olsa, bütün dünyadaki insanlar burç sayısı kadar yani 12 karakterli olurlar. Aynı burçta doğan iki kişiden biri âlim, diğeri zalim, biri sert, öteki yumuşak olabilir. İnsanların karakterlerini burçlar tayin etmez.
Siftah olarak alınan parayı çeneye sürmek, güvercine kağıt çektirmek, misafir giden evi 3 gün süpürmemek, salı günü yola çıkmamak, sabunu elden ele vermemek, kötü bir şey söylendiği vakit eliyle bir yere tıklayarak şeytan kulağına kurşun demek, cenazede küreği birinin eline vermeyip yere atmak, Lohusa kadının kırkı çıkıncaya kadar, dışarı çıkmaması, yanında birisinin bulunması, hatta yanına bir süpürge olsun koymalı demek, kırkı çıkmamış iki çocuğu birbirinin yanına getirmemek bâtıl inançtır.
Hıdrellezi, Nevruzu, Noeli kutlamak, dert ve dilek için yatırlarda bulunan ağaçlara çaput bağlamak, türbelere mum dikmek, cenazeyi yüksek sesle tekbirle veya marşla götürmek, matem işaretleri taşımak, çelenk götürmek caiz değildir.
Bid'at olmayanlar
Bid'at ehli, aşağıdakileri de hurafe saymışsa da yanlış söyledikleri çeşitli kitaplarda yazılıdır:
Kur'an ve hadiste olmayıp da, icma veya kıyası fukaha ile meydana gelen hükümler bid'at değildir.
İki bayram arasında nikah yapmak caizdir. Peygamber efendimiz, Cuma gününe rastlayan bir bayram günü, namazdan sonra, nikah yapması istenince, (İki bayram arası nikah olmaz) buyurdu. Yani vakit dar, bayramlaştıktan sonra tekrar Cuma namazı için mescide geleceğiz demek istemiştir.
Nazar için kurşun dökmek, nazar boncuğu takmak, tarlaya at kafası takmak bid'at değildir. Bunlara bakılınca, gözlerdeki şua ilk defa oraya gider ve nazar önlenir. (Hindiye)
Ölü işittiği için, ölüye telkin vermek sünnettir.
Devir ve iskat bid'at değildir.
Definden sonra, mezarlıkta, cenaze sahiplerine taziyede bulunmak bid'at değildir.
Peygamber efendimizin âdet olarak yaptığı şeyleri yapmamak [mesela entari giymemek] yahut da yapmadığı şeyleri yapmak, [mesela çatal kaşık kullanmak] bid'at değildir.
Ölmüş evliyaya adak yapmak, yani mübarek bir zatı vesile edip, Allahü teâlâya yalvarmak caizdir. Mesela (Hastam iyi olursa, sevabı Seyyidet Nefise hazretlerine olmak üzere, Allah için, adak olarak bir koyun keseceğim) demek. Burada, Allahü teâlâ için kesilen adağın sevabı Seyyidet Nefise hazretlerine bağışlanıyor, onun şefaati ile, Allahü teâlâ, hastaya şifa veriyor kazayı, belayı gideriyor. Koyunu mezar başında kesmek haramdır. Puta tapanların, put yanında kesmelerine benzememeli. Türbenin avlusu genişse, bir kenarda kesilebilir.
İşleri, Allahü teâlânın yaptığına inanarak, türbelerdeki evliyadan yardım istemek, onların hürmetine dua etmek de bid'at
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succede perché sono sempre al limite, la moto si muove tanto. Non riesco ad accelerare bene fuori dale curve sia veloci che lente, quindi alla fine quando la moto torna dalla derapata si muove troppo, fa tanti movimenti".
Questo problema non permette di esprimere tutto il potenziale e soprattutto ha una grossa incidenza negativa sul rendimento in gara, togliendo regolarità al pilota: "Faccio fatica ad essere sempre preciso e ripetermi. Penso che dobbiamo lavorare molto sotto questo aspetto, sono tre o quattro gare che mi lamento sempre dello stesso problema e dobbiamo capire come sistemarlo. Penso che Alex (Rins, ndr) sia la dimostrazione del fatto che avevamo una buona base anche qui".
Le prestazioni di Rins sono state globalmente superiori in questo Gran Premio, e l'analisi di Iannone è piuttosto lucida: "noi dal mio lato del box non riusciamo a sfruttare bene la moto. Questo è un problema nostro, i miei ingegnerei di pista ed elettronici dovranno impegnarsi un pochino di più per cercare di risolvere questo problema".
Potrebbe quasi sembrare un'accusa al proprio gruppo nel box, ma Iannone chiarisce immediatamente che il suo non è un attacco: "Non sto dicendo che non si lavora bene. Si lavora bene ma non si risolve il problema! Devono capire loro come mai c'è, per quale motivo anche rispetto ad Alex perdo molto e sempre in uscita di curva. Ho un compagno che a volte accelera meglio e riesce ad essere più efficace, e questo deve succedere anche con me. Non sta a me capire i motivi, non faccio il tecnico o l'ingegnere. Devono capire loro come mai succede questo".
"Molto bella la gara - il commento di The Maniac sul GP - peccato che ho fatto due errori perché sarei potuto stare abbastanza vicino. Alla fine ero sempre impiccato e la gomma dietro scivolava tanto, era difficile".Life of Maharana Pratap
Maharana Pratap also known as Pratap Singh was son of Maharani Jayantabai and King Udai Singh II founder of Udaipur who was a Hindu Rajput ruler of Mewar, a region in the state of Rajasthan. He was born on 9 May,1540 . Maharana Pratap is known for his bravery . For Maharan pratap Mughals were foreigners who had invaded India and that is why he hated them and dont’t want any ties with them . He want to free his nation from Mughals. He mastered the skills in the use of arms and weapons including horse riding.
At the age of 17 Maharana Pratap was married to Ajabade, the daughter of Rao Ram Rakh Panwar. He had a son on 16 March, 1559.
Chittorgarh and Maharana Pratap
In 1567 emperor Akbar attacked Chittorgarh, Maharana Udai Singh left Chittorgarh as Akbar was having huge army at that time . So Pratap also had to leave the palace with his family.With the fort fell to the hands of Akbar. He not only ordered to kill innocent women and children but also hurt sentiments of Hindus by destroying the temples and idols in the fort of Chittogarh.
The First Attack
Crowning of Maharana Pratap
On 28 Feb, 1572 Maharana Pratap’s coronation was performed at Gogunda . After becoming king Maharana Pratap conquered the Chhappan area, defeating the Rathors, then he ensured full protection of entire Godwad and the Arawali ranges. At that time almost all the kings of Rajasthan had accepted authority of Akbar. After Pratap’s coronation, Akbar twaited for one year hoping that Maharana pratap will follow the footsteps of other kings and will accept the authority of Akbar after that he sent his men to Maharana Pratap one by one for making some pressure on him . these men were Prince Man Singh Kachhawah, Bhagwan Das and King Todarmal. After even so many meeting Pratap did not changed his decision.
The Battle of Haldighati
On 2 April, 1576 prince Man Singh reached Mandalgarh to attack on Maharana Pratap. After royal army arrangements On 18 June, 1576 the battle started in the wide open area between Haldighati and village Khamanor. There were many warriors fighting from the Pratap’s side which included Ramdas Medaliya,and Tanwar Ram Shah of Gwalior joined Maharana Pratap with his three sons, many of these including Man Singh Sonagara, Rawat Naitsee and many others sacrificed their lives. In the end Maharana Pratap and his soldiers had to leave the battle field. After this battle, Royal army was not able to capture Maharana Pratap and moreover his attitude didn’t changed and the purpose for which the battle was fought by Royal Army was not achieved. After this battlethe army of Akbar moved forward after the battle of Haldighati captured Gogunda the place of Pratap . Pratap now made his stay in the strong fort of Kumbhalmer. After a short while Pratap reached Gogunda via village Kolyari, re-captured Gounda.
Attack by Akbar
In Oct.1576 King Bhagawan das and prince Man Singh were sent to Gogunda under the command of Kutubuddin Khan by Akbar . When Pratap got this information, he left Gogunda and went into the mountains. The Royal army went searching for Maharana Pratap in the caves of mountains but he could not be traced. Staying at village Mohi, Akbar made several efforts to capture Maharana Pratap but he did not succeed.
On 15 Oct, 1577 army was again sent to attack Maharana Pratap under the command of Shahbag Khan and Mir Baksi, king Bhagwandas and prince Man singh were also with them. The army, this time, intended to occupy the strong fort of Kumbhalmer. Facing shortage of food items Maharana Pratap left the fort. Kumbhalmer was captured but Pratap was not caught therefore, instead of dying stationed in the fort, Maharana Pratap thought it is better to abandon the fort and continue with his freedom struggle.
After about 8 months, Akbar again ordered Shahabag Khan to invade Mewar. On 11 Nov., 1579 Shahabag Khan moved from sambhar to launch third attack on Maharana Pratap this time many Rajputs were killed fighting with Shahabag khan. Royal posts were established at many important places to monitor movements of Maharana Pratap. Maharana Pratap suspended action against the mughals for some time due to fall in military strength. His territories was under his control and he was increasing the strength of his army. After three years he planed to attack the Royal posts making Dholan as his main centre of activities Also Visit : Swami Vivekananda : The Spiritual Genius
The Battle of Dever and Victory of Maharana Pratap
Maharana Pratap launched an attack on the Royal Post at Dever a village situated in Dever valley of Arawali ranges north east of kumbhalmer and won .
Death of Maharana Pratap
In January 1597, while pulling the sting of bow to hunt a tiger he developed pain in his intenstine and fell sick. Maharana Pratap breathed his last on 19 January 1597 and this was the end to a golden era of struggle for freedom.
Chetak – The Royal Horse
Chetak was the famous horse of Maharana Pratap, whom Maharana Pratap rode during the gruesome Battle of Haldighati (June 21, 1576). Chetak died in this battle and since then has been immortalized in the ballads of Rajasthan. This famous warhorse was of Kathiawari breed. Maharana Pratap is sometime referred as the “Rider of the Blue Horse” as Chetak has blue tint on his fur.
No story of this famous battle can be complete without mentioning the exploits of Chetak in this battle. It was Chetak who carried away Maharana Pratap to safety from the lost battle of Haldighati even after wounding himself.
Comment Your Favorite Incident of Maharana Partap’sWilliam H. Riker
Life and career
William Harrison Riker was born on September 22, 1920 in Des Moines, Iowa. He earned his Bachelor's Degree in economics at Indiana's DePauw University in 1942 and received his Ph.D at Harvard University in 1948. While a student at DePauw, he was initiated into the Delta Kappa Epsilon Fraternity.
He took on a professorship at Lawrence University in Appleton, Wisconsin (then Lawrence College), where he published The Theory of Political Coalitions (1962). In 1962, he became the chair of the Political Science Department at the University of Rochester, where he remained chair until 1977, and remained active until his death.
He founded the now-mainstream field of positive political theory, which introduced game theory and the axiomatic method of social choice theory to political science. Bruce Bueno de Mesquita and Kenneth Shepsle in their memoir write that "These have proved crucial to predictive tests for political theory."
Among other contributions, he is known for work on the theory and history of federalism and on what he called "heresthetics" — the art of changing political outcomes without changing peoples' underlying preferences by manipulating the decision-making process, for example by changing the order in which decisions are made. In his book Liberalism Against Populism, he argued that the instability of majority rule, demonstrated in Arrow's Impossibility Theorem and the McKelvey-Schofield chaos theorem, meant that "populist" interpretations of democracy as implementing a collective will of the people were untenable. Instead, democratic leaders aimed to build disparate coalitions; a piece of successful coalition-building could cause realigning elections, in which blocs of voters swiftly changed their allegiance.
Concerning political coalition for the benefit of minorities, he argued that the larger the coalition, the shorter-lived it is.
The William H. Riker Prize for excellence in undergraduate teaching is awarded by the University of Rochester bi-annually in his honor. The Political Economy section of the American Political Science Association awards an annual book prize in his name as well.
- Riker, William H. Soldiers of the States: The Role of the National Guard in American Democracy. Washington, D.C.: Public Affairs Press, 1957.
- ____. “The Paradox of Voting and Congressional Rules for Voting on. Amendments.” American Political Science Review. 52, 1958: 349-366.
- ____. The Theory of Political Coalitions. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1962.
- ____. "Federalism: Origin, Operation, Significance". Boston: Little, Brown, 1964.
- ____. "Towards a Positive Political Theory", Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1973.
- ____. "Implications from the Disequilibrium of Majority Rule for the Study of Institutions," American Political Science Review, 74, 1980: 432-46. (JSTOR)
- ____. Liberalism Against Populism. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman, 1982.
- ____. "The Heresthetics of Constitution-Making: The Presidency in 1787, with Comments on Determinism and Rational Choice." American Political Science Review, 78, 1984: 1-16.
- ____. The Art of Political Manipulation. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986.
- ____. The Strategy of Rhetoric. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996.
- The Mirage. Greencastle, IN: DePauw University. 1942. p. 67.
- Eamonn Butler (2012). Public Choice--A Primer (PDF) (PDF). London: Institute of Economic Affairs. p. 36.
- Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce; Shepsle, Kenneth. "William Harrison Riker". Biographical Memoirs. National Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 2013-09-18.
- Eamonn Butler, Public Choice: A Primer, London: Institute of Economic Affairs, 2012, p. 63
- NAS memoir of William H. Riker with discussion of his contributions
- Heresthetics: an exposition of Riker's concept for structuring the world so
- William H Riker Prize: administered by the University of Rochester, Department of Political ScienceBoris I of Bulgaria
The holy and right-believing Tsar Boris I of Bulgaria, also Boris-Michael, was the ruler of Bulgaria during the latter part of the ninth century as the Knyaz of the Bulgarian Empire and led the conversion of the Bulgarian people to Orthodox Christianity. He ruled from 852 to 889. St. Boris is commemorated on May 2. He is remembered as Equal of the Apostles, Prince and Baptizer of Bulgaria.
The date of Boris' birth is unknown. His father, Presian I, was the Khan of Bulgaria, a realm that had expanded during the prior centuries in the northeastern Balkans. This, Boris inherited in 852. Populated by proto-Bulgarians together with Slavic tribes, the population of the realm consisted of diverse religions, ethnicities, and languages that Boris looked to unify by the introduction of a common and compulsory religion for all his subjects as one of the preconditions for the formation of a united state.
The development of the Bulgarian Empire took place against the Frankish realms in the west and that of the Eastern Romans in the southeast. In addition to the resultant warfare and alliances among the forces, a rivalry developed between Rome and Constantinople for jurisdiction in the Bulgarian empire as Boris was choosing the Christianity that he would bring to his people. As Khan Boris was leaning toward Rome, emperor Michael of Constantinople invaded Bulgaria. Receiving news of the invasion, Boris began negotiations for peace. The one demand by Michael was that Boris accept Christianity from Constantinople rather than Rome. In return, some lands in Macedonia were return to Boris.
In 864, Boris was baptized, receiving the name Michael after emperor Michael III who was his godfather by proxy. He then assumed a new title of Knyaz having discarded the title Khan. With the acceptance by Boris of the Christian faith of Constantinople, the traditional state religion Tengriism was abolished leaving a discontent among some of the nobility and the people. An independent status for the diocese of Bulgaria, also, remained an issue for Boris as Constantinople demanded jurisdiction. A skillful diplomat, Boris successfully exploited the conflict between the Patriarchate of Constantinople and Roman Papacy to secure autocephaly for the Bulgarian Church, confirmed during the 869 Council of Constantinople that concluded on March 7, 870, thus dealing with the nobility's concerns about Byzantine interference in Bulgaria's internal affairs.
Boris was active in spreading Christianity among the Bulgarian people, in organizing the Bulgarian church as an independent institution, and in building churches throughout the country. In 885, he gave asylum to the disciples of Cyril and Methodius, who had been driven out of Moravia. Actively supported by Boris, these disciples founded centers of Slavic learning at Pliska, Preslav, and Ohrid. With intensive work by the Slavic scholars, the Slavic language came to replace Greek in church services and in literary life, and become the country’s official language.
In 889, Boris abdicated and became a monk. Yet, he retained the right to take an active part in the government of the state. After he abdicated, his eldest son and successor, Vladimir, tried to restore the old pagan religion. Offended, Boris returned to active politics, and with the aid of loyal boyars and the army, he deposed his son, replacing him with his third son, whose rule gained him the title Simeon the Great. These changes were affirmed at the 893 Council of Preslav that also banished the Byzantine clergy and replaced them with Bulgarian clergy. Also, the Council moved the capital to Preslav and replaced the liturgy in Greek with one in Old Church Slavonic, as the official language of the Bulgarian Church and the state.he United States Constitution is the supreme law of the United States of America. The Constitution, originally comprising seven articles, delineates the national frame of government. Its first three articles entrench the doctrine of the separation of powers, whereby the federal government is divided into three branches: the legislative, consisting of the bicameral Congress; the executive, consisting of the President; and the judicial, consisting of the Supreme Courtand other federal courts. Articles Four, Five and Six entrench concepts of federalism, describing the rights and responsibilities of state governments and of the states in relationship to the federal government. Article Sevenestablishes the procedure subsequently used by the thirteen States to ratify it.
The Constitution is interpreted, supplemented, and implemented by a large body of constitutional law. The Constitution of the United States is the first constitution of its kind, and has influenced the constitutions of other nations.One of the hardest areas of research in any family history is identifying the maiden names of our ancestors. So many of our female ancestors go to their reward unnamed or named in records with only their given name. Trying to discover their surnames is sometimes a case of the proverbial 'needle in a haystack'.
How these unknown maiden names are handled in our genealogy databases vary from person to person. Some have made the practice of using 'Unknown' as the surname. Others have taken this a bit further and abbreviated the surname as 'Unk.' A quick search on the internet, and Rootsweb mailing lists in particular, will show that many beginning researches have been misled and/or confused by requesting data on the 'Unk' family! Imagine an UNK family researcher trying to wade through all of the emails and message board posts that don't relate to their family simply because of researchers using 'Unk' for a female's surname.
In the past, I have used [________] when a female's surname was unknown. I did this to allow family members to fill in the blanks on family group sheets. However, I've recently decided to change tactics, as my database was overwhelmed by these women without an easy way to identify who they are.
For now, I'm identifying these women by their married name in brackets. For example, the unknown spouse of Jacob Lemasters is now Hannah [LEMASTERS]. I am hoping that this new method in my data will allow me to understand which Hannah's data I am looking at when searching the index. It is amazing to me how many unidentified females I have in my data - each one that represents an
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ı ehliyeti alabilirsiniz.
F Sürücü Belgesi Geçerlilik Süresi
F sürücü belgesi alındığı tarihten itibaren 10 yıl geçerlilik süresine sahiptir. Daha sonra bu süreyi uzatabilirsiniz.پنجشنبه ۷ اردیبهشت ۱۳۹۶ تهران ۱۵:۵۳
جف سشنز گزارشها درباره دیدار او با سفیر روسیه در رابطه با مسائل انتخاباتی آمریکا را رد کرد
جف سِشِنز، دادستان کل آمریکا، در واکنش به انتشار گزارشها درباره ارتباط او با سفیر روسیه در سال گذشته، با رد این خبر اعلام کرد که هرگز دیداری با مقامهای روسی در ارتباط با مسائل انتخاباتی آمریکا نداشته است.
به گزارش نشریه بریتانیایی گاردین، سارا فلورِس، سخنگوی جف سشنز، تأیید کرده است که آقای سشنز با سفیر روسیه دیدار داشته اما این دیدار را «بیارتباط به مبارزات انتخاباتی آمریکا» دانست.
روزنامه واشینگتن پست، روز چهارشنبه، در گزارشی نوشته بود که جف سشنز در سال ۲۰۱۶ و در حالی که هنوز سناتور بوده، دو بار با سفیر روسیه دیدار و گفتوگو کرده است.
نانسی پلوسی، رهبر دموکراتهای مجلس نمایندگان آمریکا، در پی انتشار این گزارش، خواستار استعفای جف سشنز و تحقیقاتی مستقل درباره روابط احتمالی دونالد ترامپ با روسیه شد.
دونالد ترامپ، رئیس جمهوری آمریکا، بارها ارتباط با مقامهای روسیه را رد کرده است.متن وصیتنامه شاهزاده فیلیپ، همسر ملکه بریتانیا بنا به تصمیم دادگاهی در لندن برای «حفظ منزلت» الیزابت دوم، تا دستکم ۹۰ سال دیگر افشا نخواهد شد.
به گزارش نشریه دیلی میل، شاهزاده فیلیپ روز ۹ آوریل (۲۰ فروردین) سال جاری در ۹۹ سالگی چشم از جهان فروبست.
وصیت نامهها در بریتانیا معمولاً اسناد عمومی هستند، اما تقریباً یک قرن است که به دستور دیوان عالی کشور، وصیت نامه اعضای ارشد خانواده سلطنتی باید محرمانه نگه داشته شوند.
اندرو مک فارلین رئیس بخش خانواده دادگاه لندن دلایل حقوقی وکلای نماینده فیلیپ و دادستان کل - که نماینده منافع عمومی در چنین مواردی است - را در یک جلسه خصوصی در ماه جولای استماع کرد.
طبق رای قاضی دادگاه، به این ترتیب دست کم ۹۰ سال باید از زمان تأیید صحت وصیتنامه شاهزاده فیلیپ بگذرد تا امکان گشودن آن بهطور خصوصی و سپس انتشار بالقوه آن به صورت علنی وجود داشته باشد.
مک فارلین قاضی دادگاه این مدت زمان را «متناسب و کافی» دانست و گفت: «من معتقدم که به دلیل موقعیت ملکه، بهتر است که ما از وصیت نامههای سلطنتی بهطور خصوصی محافظت کنیم. اکنون ما باید حمایتها از این تصمیم را بالا ببریم و به صورت خصوصی از این اسناد محافظت کنیم».
در حکم قاضی دادگاه آمدهاست که انتشار وصیتنامه شاهزاده فیلیپ احتمالاً میزان گستردهای از «توجه عمومی و پوشش رسانهای» را به خود جلب خواهد کرد و این امر با «حفظ منزلت» ملکه بریتانیا به عنوان پادشاه این کشور در «تناقض» است.
وصیتنامه شاهزاده فیلیپ تا ۹۰ سال محرمانه میماند.. برای «حفظ منزلت» ملکه بریتانیا
متن وصیتنامه شاهزاده فیلیپ، همسر ملکه بریتانیا بنا به تصمیم دادگاهی در لندن برای «حفظ منزلت» الیزابت دوم، تا دستکم ۹۰ سال دیگر افشا نخواهد شد.Trend Haber Ajansı Türkiye Masası
Cumhurbaşkanı Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Fransa Cumhurbaşkanı Hallande'ı aradı, taziyelerini iletti.
Dün akşam, Fransa'nın başkenti Paris'te 6 yerde yaşlanan saldırılar sonucu 127 kişi öldü, 250 kişi yaralandı. Saldırıların IŞİD tarafından gerçekleştiği bildirildi.
Fransa Cumhurbaşkanı François Hollande, yaşanan saldırı nedeni ile 3 günlük ulusal yas ilan etti.
Cumhurbaşkanı Hollande terör saldırılarının ardından, orduyu göreve çağırarak olağanüstü hal ilan etti ve sınırları kapattıklarını söyledi.severe depression and bipolar disorder are readily recognized, it can be difficult
to distinguish the milder (and more common) forms of depression from the emotional
changes that are part of everyday life. Unlike most medical disorders, depression
and bipolar disorder are not associated with any characteristic laboratory changes
or microscopic tissue abnormalities that can be used to confirm a suspected diagnosis.
American Psychiatric Association has established diagnostic classification systems
to allow consistent diagnoses of major depression, bipolar disorder, and the various
forms of anxiety. These criteria are contained in the fourth edition of the Diagnostic
and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). Some people who do not meet
the DSM criteria for depression may suffer from a debilitating disorder known
as atypical depression.
to the DSM, a person is suffering from a major depressive episode if he or she
exhibits either the first or second of the following nine symptoms, along with
four others, continually for more than two weeks:
o depressed mood with overwhelming
feelings of sadness and grief;
o loss of interest and pleasure in activities
o insomnia, early-morning waking, or oversleeping nearly
o decreased energy; fatigue;
o noticeable changes in appetite
and weight (significant loss or gain);
o inability to concentrate or think;
o physical symptoms of restlessness or being slowed down;
feelings of guilt, worthlessness, and helplessness; and
o recurrent thoughts
of death and suicide; suicide attempts.
The diagnosis is more certain when
these criteria are supplemented by either a family history of the disorder, a
prior episode of depression or bipolar disorder, or the presence of a precipitating
factor such as a recent stroke or the use of medications known to cause mood disorders.
symptoms of depression include disorganized thinking and delusions. In addition
to these disturbances in mood and cognition (thinking), patients with major depression
may experience changes such as constipation or decreased sexual drive.
of major depression range from mild to severe. In mild episodes, symptoms barely
meet the requirements for a diagnosis and the associated functional impairment
is minor. Severe episodes are characterized by several debilitating symptoms,
including worsening mood and marked interference with social and job related functions.
Severely afflicted individuals have difficulty with almost every activity-going
to work, socializing, and even getting up in the morning. They may be unable to
feed and dress themselves or to maintain personal hygiene.
Patients with major depression are generally
perceived as being sad or having a depressed mood, but sometimes they do not exhibit
either the sadness or some of the other symptoms normally associated with the
disorder. Although such cases are quite common, comprising 29% to 42% of depressed
outpatients, this kind of depression is known as atypical depression. The disorder
is just as debilitating as major depression despite the apparent lack of sadness.
In fact, during a 13-year follow-up of 1,612 participants in one study, patients
over age 50 who had atypical depression were significantly more likely to die
than persons with major depression or no depression.
Older individuals are
less likely than younger individuals to report sadness as a primary symptom of
Suicide-the 11th leading cause of death
in the United States-is a major complication of depression. About 1 in 16 people
diagnosed with depression die by suicide, and two thirds of people who die by
suicide are depressed.
In the United States, the risk of suicide is highest
in older white males and in those who live alone, have made prior suicide attempts,
refuse psychiatric evaluation, or abuse alcohol or other drugs. Although women
attempt suicide three to four times more often than men, men are three to four
times more likely to die by suicide. In addition, a 2002 Swedish study found that
older people with a serious physical illness were six times more likely to die
by suicide than those without a serious illness.
Up to three quarters of people
who die by suicide have visited their medical doctor in the prior month. This
suggests that these people were aware that something was wrong but that neither
they nor their doctor identified depression as the problem. Although it is impossible
to predict accurately who will attempt suicide, there are warning signs that a
severely depressed person may make an attempt. All too often, friends and family
of people who die by suicide are unaware of the seriousness of the signs until
it is too late.
The most important steps to prevent suicide are to recognize
the risk factors and warning signs and to facilitate appropriate treatment of
the underlying psychiatric illness. Typical warning signs are listed below. However,
not all people who die by suicide have these risk factors, and most people who
do have them are not suicidal. Signs include the following:
o social isolation
that may be self-imposed;
o drastic mood swings or overall personality changes;
neglecting home, finances, or pets;
o exaggerated complaints of aches or pains;
recent psychological trauma, such as a divorce, death of a loved one, or job loss
(which may trigger suicidal thinking in an already depressed person);
away cherished belongings to loved ones or putting one's affairs in order;
sudden calm or cheerfulness after a period of depression;
o frequent use of
alcohol or other drugs;
o buying a gun;
o verbal threats of suicide or statements
that suggest a desire to die; and
o family history of suicide or previous suicide
Depression in Older Adults
Although increasing age
alone does not put a person at greater risk for depression, the incidence of depression
is higher in older adults. A survey of Californians age 50 to 95 found that factors
such as chronic illness, physical disabilities, and social isolation-which often
coincide with increasing age-were more predictive of depression than age itself.
As a result, depression in older adults is a serious problem. The National Institute
of Mental Health's Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study estimated that at least
I million of the nation's 31 million people age 65 and older suffer from major
depression, and an additional 5 million have depressive symptoms that are severe
enough to require treatment. Unfortunately, the disease is often misdiagnosed
and left untreated in the elderly.
Many older persons who live alone have inadequate
support mechanisms and are confused by the multitude of systems available to provide
medical care, social services, and financial assistance for their medical needs.
Older adults also tend to be embarrassed and reluctant to seek professional help
for emotional problems, partly because the stigma of psychiatric illness is especially
strong among people in this age group. In addition, friends and family often fail
to perceive signs of distress. Older depressed patients are more likely to tell
their primary care physician about physical complaints than about subjective feelings
of depressed mood. For example, they may report loss of appetite, insomnia, lack
of energy, or loss of interest and enjoyment in daily activities. Unfortunately,
both doctor and patient often consider these symptoms a "normal part of aging"
that accompanies the physical, social, and economic problems faced by many older
Depression is sometimes left undiagnosed because of life circumstances
that are common in later years. The elderly are typically subjected to numerous
stressful life situations: loss of a spouse, family members, or friends by death
or geographic relocation; retirement, which may be accompanied by a loss of status
and self-identity; diminished financial resources; fears of death or loss of independence
and self-sufficiency; social isolation; and medical problems. Any of these factors
may trigger symptoms of depression that are attributed to life stresses and not
recognized as a true depressive illness.
In addition, the higher prevalence
of concurrent medical conditions and a greater use of medications in older people
further complicate the diagnosis. Although the depression may be a primary disorder,
it may also result from some underlying organic cause such as cancer, stroke,
or a reaction to a prescription drug. The possibility of dementia adds further
difficulties: Symptoms of major depression can mimic symptoms (for example, disorientation,
distractibility, or memory loss) of a dementia-causing disease such as Alzheimer's
disease. Thus, doctors need to perform a careful mental status evaluation as well
as a medical history and physical exam to find the primary cause of the psychological
Natural History And Prognosis Of Mood Disorders
disorders most often surface between ages 20 and 30, but they can occur at any
age. There is often a delay in accurate diagnosis because symptoms are not recognized
as being related to an illness but, rather, thought to be a reaction to life circumstances.
duration of an untreated episode of major depression is usually eight to nine
months. This period can be shortened considerably with proper diagnosis and treatment.
Most people with depression have their first episode before age 40, and most will
have more than one episode in their lifetime. Relapse rates are lower in people
who continue to take active treatments.
Alcoholism can make recovery from depression
and bipolar disorder more difficult. A recent study compared 176 men and women
who fit the criteria for both alcoholism and major depression with 412 people
who had major depression alone. Subjects who had never been alcoholics or who
no longer drank were two times more likely to recover from an episode of major
depression than the active alcoholics. Unfortunately, many depressed people slow
their recovery by attempting to self-medicate with alcohol.
and Diagnosis of Mood Disorders", Depression & Anxiety (Medletter), Jan2005,
The article above contains foundational information. Articles below contain optional updates.6月24日消息，《英雄联盟》官方于今天晚间宣布，2016英雄联盟全明星赛将于12月8日至11日在巴塞罗那举办。请各位做好准备，在圣乔治宫体育馆迎接这场赛季末的不可思议的巅峰对决。
与2015全明星赛一样，粉丝们需要为北美LCS，欧洲LCS，LPL，LMS，LCK以及国际外卡优胜赛区投票，各选出五名代表该赛区的职业选手。
根据这些赛区在即将到来的2016全球总决赛上的表现，队伍将被划分为“无限烈焰队”以及“绝对零度队”。除了赛区间的较量及1v1比赛外，粉丝们还可以为游戏模式进行投票。
我们还能见到Froggen与Faker使用艾尼维亚单挑吗？还是说会在双人共玩模式中再次目睹KaShuni组合的风采？各地区的投票渠道将于全球总决赛结束后开启，所以请记得投上你宝贵的一票。
文章来源:AG真人视讯厅_AG真人馆_娱乐新时代When a roof has been exposed to a hailstorm severe enough to cause granules to be dislodged from the surface of the shingles (in spots large enough which expose the asphalt), the roof has been compromised.
The colored granules which are placed on the surface of the shingle serve two purposes:
- They provide an aesthetically pleasing product, and
- They protect the underlying asphalt from exposure to the sun.
Prolonged exposure to sun causes asphalt to deteriorate. This is the reason that a hail damaged roof will tend to fail prematurely.
Heavy hail damage is obvious because of the indentations in the shingle. When the surface damage of the shingle is not visible, look for indentations on vents, ridge vents, siding, or any other softer metal objects that may show impact.
The effects on the shingle may not be apparent for about a year. At this time, circular areas of granules will fall off the shingle. This is often called spalling. What has occurred is that the impact of the hailstone has broken or weakened the bond between the granules and the asphalt.
After a year or so of weathering, the granules fall off the shingle in the circular area of impact. With granules missing, the sunlight (UV) quickly attacks the asphalt and the maximum performance of the shingle has been compromised. The standard Limited Warranty on Roofing Shingles is void when shingles are damaged due to the evidence of hailstorms under all conditions stated above.Eğer 18 veya daha büyük iseniz Genellikle yüksek öğrenim ders alabilirler. Bunlar düzenli olarak sanat okulları ya da tarım kolejler gibi üniversite, yüksekokul ve meslek kuruluşları öğretilen konum - kendi web siteleri var hemen hemen hepsi. Örneğin, diploma, lisans dereceleri, temel lisans ve lisansüstü, beceri geniş bir yelpazede alabilirsiniz.
Bir ders, belirli bir konuyu kapsayan bir akademik sınıf ve dersler lisans programının yapıtaşlarını kabul edilir. Kurslar kapsadıkları konuya bağlı olarak birkaç ay birkaç haftalık bir zaman dilimini kapsayabilir.
Avustralya sadece 23 milyon bir topluluk olmasına rağmen dünyada yabancı öğrencilerin en büyük üçüncü numarası vardır. Bu güçlü akademik kimlik, ama Avustralya kurumlar gibi yüksek şehirler olarak sıralanır olduğunu anavatanı etrafında ev onları.
Tarihsel tatil evleri için bir yer olmak, Mount Eliza birçok yüksek öğrenim merkezleri vardır. Yüksek öğrenim Birçok kurum ortaya çıkıyor, ancak Melbourne İş okul burada en popüler.
Mount Eliza Avustralya'da Kurs Eğitimleri Bul 2017
Bu program size yol nasıl bir organizasyon içinde başkalarının etkisi gösterir. Sen ne kadar zor, karmaşık kararlar öğreneceksiniz - ve size özel liderlik tarzı İşyerinizde nasıl etkilediğini öğrenecek, sen ve sonuçta, bir lider olarak kendi başarı ile çalışanlar. [+]
Kendinize bir göz atın. ya da nerede sizin kariyer bulunmaktadır - Sen kim, ondan olursa olsun yararlanacaktır. Eğer yeni bir yönetici olabilir - ve siz baştan iyi bir lider doğru olmak yardımcı olmak için bir sıçrama almak isteyebilir. H
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sto cercando di lavorare su me stesso per ovviare a questa fastidiosa abitudine.
Autore : ones - Email : [email protected] Inviato il : 17/06/2004 alle 19.47.50Dünyanın en yaşlı insanı öldü
Bir yakını, Maria de Jesus'un hastaneye kaldırılırken ambulansta öldüğünü söyledi.
Yaşlılık Bilimi Araştırma Grubunun internet sitesine (www.grg.org) göre, Maria de Jesus, ABD vatandaşı Edna Parker adlı kadının geçen Kasımda 115 yıl ve 220 günlük ömrünün sona ermesinden bu yana, dünyanın en yaşlı kişisiydi.
10 Eylül 1893 tarihinde doğan Maria de Jesus, 115 yıl ve 114 gün yaşadı.更多精彩尽在这里，详情点击：http://bdgdxs.com/，皇家马德里
巴萨官方宣布，经过今天董事会在诺坎普办公室的会议后，俱乐部决定将在10月16日和17日的周末举行会员大会，而这一天球队同时会坐镇诺坎普迎战瓦伦西亚。
1）通过了2020-21赛季的财政决算，具体为亏损4.81亿欧，并通过了2021-22赛季的预算，具体为7.65亿欧；
4）将在接下来的会员大会上提出动议，更改数条章程，其中就包括会员申请增加线上申请的形式，以及缩短董事会任期至五年。而这些更改的内容将在会员大会前20天对会员进行公布。返回搜狐，查看更多این الگو در حوزهٔ فعالیتهای ویکیپروژهٔ فلسطین است، کوششی جمعی برای بهبود محتواهای مرتبط با فلسطین در ویکیپدیا. اگر مایل به مشارکت در این زمینه هستید، لطفاً صفحهٔ ویکیپروژه را ببینید تا به بحثها بپیوندید و فهرستی از انجامدادنیها را ببینید.
ظاهر نسخهٔ فعلی الگو (که از ویکی انگلیسی کپی شده) چیزی در حد مزخرف است. Navbox with columns کاربردش اصلاً چیز دیگریاست. منتها شاید بگویید بخش «مناقشات / خشونتها / تروریسم» طولانی است و اگر ستونی فهرست نشود ناجور میشود، که در آن صورت بنده هم میگویم حرف شما درست است؛ منتها نه اینکه این طور همهٔ بخشها را ستونی بکنید. باید فقط همان بخشی که طولانیاست ستونی شود. چنین الگویی اینجا ایجاد شد. لطفاً ببینید تا اگر مشکلی ندارد جایگزین کنیم. –Z[ب] ۵ نوامبر ۲۰۱۰، ساعت ۱۶:۳۹ (UTC)A puppy learns by the consequences of his behavior. He is interested in what is in it for him. In order for us to get reliable behavior from the dog, we need to go through a series of steps in our training. For the sake of explanation, let’s review teaching the puppy to sit.
A puppy naturally knows how to sit. We want to teach the pup to sit whenever we ask, in any situation. We will go through this one step at a time. These steps are adaptable to anything that you want to teach your dog. We will also talk about the use of food as reward in combination with teaching the pup to sit when we ask.
At any point during the training process, if you see things begin to deteriorate, backtrack and set your puppy up to succeed.
Lure the pup into the sit position. As we talk about in the Obedience section, it is not necessary to use the word sit in the beginning, since the pup has no idea what the word actually means. We just want to be able to smoothly get that pup following the hand with the payola so he plunks down into a sit.
Once you are easily able to lure the pup into a sit you may insert the word “sit” as you lure the position. The pup immediately receives a treat (the pay) as his butt hits the ground.
After a series of repetitions, your puppy will associate the sound of the word sit with the position that you have been luring him into and paying him for. It is important that the pup is treated and praised each time he is successful at this stage in the training. This builds a solid association between the behavior and the pay off. As well as associating the sound of the word, he is also familiar with the hand movement you make in order to lure him into position.
As mentioned before, as important as it is to use food in early training, it is equally important that you phase out the food as a lure, eventually using it only as a reward. We will begin to do this in step three. Once the puppy is sitting every time you lure with the food, start to lure him the same way but with no food in your hand. The pup will recognize the hand movement (that previously held food) and will sit. With that, reach into your treat pouch and reward the pup with some food.
Now start to mix things up. Lure with your empty hand (no treat) and reward the pup with a treat from the pouch. Lure the pup and don’t reward. Ask the pup to sit without the hand signal. Continue testing to see if he knows what you want when he hears the word sit. The goal is to not need the lure.
Before we go any further, let’s look at the environment that we will work in. By that we mean where you do the work and the amount of distractions that are present. It is important that we start this work in an area that the puppy is comfortable and familiar with, an area with minimal to no distractions. It is equally important that as we progress with our training, we change the environment and the level of distractions.
Whatever you are working on — whether sit, down, stand, or come — you can use the same formula to work with treats. This chart helps you track the sequence your training should take and helps you phase out the treats when the time is right. As you reach each level, check off your progress. Print out this page and then use it for each behavior you are working on.
My Puppy and I are working on: ____________________________________________________________________________
|Treat every correct response||Become unpredictable in treating correct response||Phase out treats|
|Practice in the house with no distractions||1||2||3|
|Practice in the house with distractions||4||5||6|
|Practice in the yard||7||8||9|
|Practice out in public||10||11||12|過去有許多研究定義出許多造成運動傷害的風險因子，然而大多數都無法改變 (例如：年齡、性別、傷害史、運動項目與運動層級) 。訓練負荷 (training load) 的定義為：「在一段時間內，單次與多次訓練對於個體所累積的身體壓力 (stress) 。」，是可被調整的。為了探討訓練負荷與傷害發生風險之間的關係，此篇統系統性回顧文章收錄了針對該主題所進行的研究，期望對於傷害預防提供實用的觀點。
Drew等 (2016) 與Jones等 (2017) 對於運動員訓練負荷與肌肉骨骼傷害風險的相關性提供了中等程度證據 (moderate evidence) 的支持。然而，過去研究在訓練量的定義上仍缺乏一致性。因此，相較於過往，本文收錄了較新穎的研究也採用國際奧會 (International Olympic Committee, IOC) 針對訓練量的所提出的定義聲明，並收錄了軍人、消防員或急救人員等相似於運動員的研究資料進行分析。IOC定義訓練負荷量的方式有下列幾種：
(1) 外部訓練負荷量 (external training load, ETL) : 施加於運動員的所有外部刺激，與運動員的內部特徵無關。例如：距離、加速度、參與比賽或傳接球等。
(2) 內部訓練負荷量 (internal training load, ITL) : 量化運動員受到外部刺激的反應，包含生理數值或自覺努力程度。例如：心跳率、sRPE (每次訓練自覺努力量表，session/s rating of perceived exertion, sRPE) 、訓練衝量 (TRIMP，心跳率或sRPE數值與相應運動時間的乘積) 或血乳酸濃度等等。測量ITL的方式又分為下列兩種：
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主觀測量 (subjective measure)：包含可自行回報sRPE或問卷。
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客觀測量 (objective measure) ：包含需被協助測量的心跳率 (heart rate) 或血乳酸濃度 (blood lactate)。
(3) 絕對負荷 (absolute loads) : 一段時間內的訓練負荷總和。
(4) 相對負荷 (relative loads) : 一段時間內負荷量增加的百分比 (例如以每週計算) 或近期 (acute period) 與過往訓練 (chronic period) 負荷的比率 (acute : chronic workload ratio, ACWR)。若當週的訓練是500 AU，而前四週的平均訓練量為250 AU，故ACWR為2.0。
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註1：Forster等 (2001) 提出，若要以sRPE量表計算訓練衝量，則需要在運動後30分鐘詢問運動員的自覺分數再與該運動的持續時間相乘。
- 註2：訓練負荷常用的單位以AU (arbitrary units ) 表示。
- 註3：acute period指的是短期訓練 (short term training)，通常為期1週，以當週訓練負荷總和或當週每日平均的訓練負荷，可得出acute period的訓練負荷。
- 註4: chronic period指的是長期訓練 (long term training)，通常為3-4週，計算每週或此時期每天平均的訓練負荷，可得出chronic period訓練負荷。
蒐集與排除研究的條件
本篇回顧性文章主要蒐集以英文發表以及使用IOC訓練負荷定義的研究為主。不限實驗設計、受試者的年齡與性別；此外，蒐集的研究結果中須包含肌肉骨骼的傷害數量及狀況。蒐集後將所有文章分為三類，「yes」、「no」與「maybe」。「yes」分類的文章由兩位研究者進行閱讀及統整；「maybe」類的文章由第三位研究者判斷是否符合收錄條件。
評斷方法
研究者從每篇文章中提取受試者與訓練的相關資料以及主要的統計分析結果。本文使用Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale ( NOS ) 以評估本篇系統性回顧文章所收錄之非隨機試驗 (non-randomized trial) 的研究品質；亦使用Oxford Centre for Evidence Based Medicine Model 根據每篇研究觀察的訓練類型、在統計上發現的顯著差異與實驗設計等因子，判定每篇研究的證據力。NASA Plans, ARPA Acts
The ink was hardly dry on the President's signature establishing NASA on 29 July 1958 when Abe Silverstein established a committee to coordinate government plans for propulsion and launch vehicles. He called it an informal technical advisory committee for propulsion with himself as chairman. It had a flexible membership to meet the needs that arose.*
At the first meeting on 7 August 1958, the agenda included high-energy upper stages. Recognizing that a choice of the best high-energy propellant combination depended upon the application and stage design, a working group was appointed to review available information and present it to the committee for evaluation. Headed by A.O. Tischler, a propulsion researcher Silverstein recruited from the NACA Lewis laboratory, the working group was instructed to give particular attention to hydrogenoxygen and hydrogen-fluorine.** In so doing, the Silverstein committee also agreed to defer a contract then under consideration by the Air Force to develop a hydrazine-fluorine engine of 356 kilonewtons (80 000 lb thrust).15
At the second meeting of the Silverstein committee on 14 August, discussion of the high-energy propellant stages centered around a hydrazine-fluorine engine of 53 kilonewtons (12 000 lb thrust), being developed by Bell Aircraft for the Air Force, and a contract just awarded by Wright Field to Aerojet-General to study the feasibility of a hydrogen-oxygen engine of 445 kilonewtons (100 000 lb thrust). However, no actions were taken on these.16
By the time of the third meeting of the Silverstein committee on 28 August 1958, the Tischler working group on high-energy upper stages reported progress.*** Hydrazine-fluorine engines in thrust ranges from 27 to 90 kilonewtons (6000 to 20 000 lb) were, marginally superior to hydrogen-oxygen engines for a well-designed stage using tank pressurization to force propellants to the engine. A hydrogen-oxygen engine using a turbopump, however, was superior to a hydrazine-fluorine engine of the same thrust using tank pressurization instead of pumping. Hydrogen-fluorine engines were lighter than engines using the two other propellant combinations.17
According to Silverstein and Tischler, this meeting provided the impetus for final actions by ARPA on a hydrogen-oxygen engine. Cesaro reportedly slipped out of the meeting and telephoned his associates to move fast on the Centaur proposal.18 Whether for this reason or by coincidence, ARPA issued order 19-59 the following day (29 August), directing the commander of ARDC to initiate a high-energy fuel stage for use with a modified Atlas missile. The propellants were to be liquid hydrogen and oxygen. The propulsion system was to be either pressure-fed or pump-fed, with a total thrust of 133 kilonewtons (30 000 lb) in single or multiple units. The final design would be determined after detailed studies were made by the propulsion and vehicle contractors and review by ARPA. Preliminary flight rating testing was to be 18 months from go-ahead. The sole source for the engine contract was Pratt & Whitney Aircraft Division of United Aircraft Corporation, and the sole source of the vehicle was Convair-Astronautics Division of General Dynamics Corporation. ARPA would review and approve the design, development, and financial plan; provide policy and technical guidance; arrange technical direction; prescribe management and technical reports; and receive credit for technical and scientific information released on the project.19
In essence, ARPA bought Krafft Ehricke's modified Centaur proposal, and the wording of its order suggests that a fast decision was made before final proposals and designs were determined. The commander, ARDC, designated the special projects office, then headed by Lt. Col. John D. Seaberg, as responsible for implementing the order. This was the office formerly headed by Col. Norman Appold, who managed the Suntan project. Seaberg and others in the office, including Majors Alfred J. Gardner, Jay R. Brill, and Alfred J. Diehl, had all been a part of Suntan. Two days after the ARPA order, Pratt & Whitney conducted the tenth and final series of tests with the hydrogen-fueled 304 turbojet engine. Suntan became a thing of the past and Centaur, a hydrogen-oxygen rocket stage on top of Atlas, rose as its replacement. All the plant, equipment, and technology of Suntan could now be brought to bear in assuring that Centaur would succeed.
The impact of ARPA's order for Centaur was not immediately apparent to NASA, and Tischler's working group continued its study of high-energy upper stages, as a coordinated government effort. At the fourth meeting of the Silverstein committee on 11 September 1958, the working group on high-energy propellants had not heard from all pertinent contractors or assimilated all the data, but Tischler reported to the parent committee on the tentative results. He compared three propellant combinations-hydrogen-oxygen, hydrazine-fluorine, and hydrogen-fluorine-and systems using pressurized tanks versus systems using turbopumps. With payload capability as the criteria, conclusions were: (1) for pressurized systems, hydrogen-oxygen and hydrazine-fluorine were about equivalent; hydrogen-fluorine was 10-15 percent better in payload capacity; (2) systems with turbopumps were 5-15 percent better than pressurized systems; (3) hydrogen and oxygen had both been pumped successfully but pumping of fluorine needed further research; this reduced the comparison to pumped hydrogen-oxygen versus pressurized hydrazine-fluorine where the former has a 10-20 percent greater payload capability, and (4) a 53-62 kilonewton (12 000-14 000
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the graphics were words was almost incidental.
The first Macintosh was not a great success. With 128K of memory, it was not powerful enough to do all that Jobs' team asked of it, and having places to plug in more components would have compromised the sleek design. Jobs did not make that mistake again. Later Macs were more expensive but had more memory, and sold for a decade.
|1985: NeXT Computer: Jobs on His Own|
In 1985, at the age of 30, Steve Jobs was fired by his own company. He lost a power struggle with John Scully, the man he had brought in to run Apple while he specialized in developing products.
Devastated, Jobs cast around for other things to do, and finally decided to start a new company. He called it NeXT. It built computer workstations and made the operating systems for them. They were machines with power graphics, designed principally for universities and students. NeXT was not a success -- but without Jobs, Apple was not much of one either. In 1996 Apple bought NeXT for $429 million and 1.5 million shares of Apple stock, and a year later Jobs was named CEO of his old shop.
|2000: The Cube|
You have to admit it was original. This small desktop computer was a work of art, encased in a cube of clear plastic. It had no cooling fan -- heat naturally rose from its top -- so it was almost silent. Jobs, back at Apple after a decade starting NeXT Computer and making Pixar Animation Studios a success, needed to turn practical again. The Cube won design awards, but it didn't really offer any functional benefits over other desktop computers. Apple's designs are iconic, but Jobs learned that people aren't usually willing to pay a premium for design alone.
|2001: The iPod|
By 2001 the music industry was on its knees. The advent of digital recording had made it possible for people to copy music without losing audio quality -- and they could now share their collections on the Internet, no matter how hard record labels tried to stop them. There was no need for people to buy CDs.
Steve Jobs turned crisis into opportunity. The iPod was really little more than a computer hard drive with a simple round control and a set of white earbuds. People could store hundreds of songs on it -- and buy them for 99 cents each from the iTunes online store. The big home stereo became obsolete, and the record companies struggled as people bought individual songs instead of albums, but music remained.
|2006: Jobs Refines the Laptop|
Jobs and Wozniak began Apple with a desktop computer, then helped make it obsolete. Laptops -- made by Apple and others -- now did everything a desktop could. With the MacBook, Jobs liberated Apple from its niche role in the personal computer business. By 2008 it was the best-selling laptop brand in American retail stores.
Yes, it was sleek, easy to use, and great for video. It also succeeded because of Apple's premium service, as Apple Stores in high-end locations began to dot the country.
|2007: iPhone Debuts|
The revolution of the smartphone (and the obsessive, frantic buyer's need to have one) started with typical Apple fanfare.
Apple debuted the iPhone at the Macworld convention in January 2007, but in keeping with the company's traditional secrecy, it didn't announce the phone's public release date until June 3, 2007 -- remember the "Mmm, did someone say calamari" ad? The iPhone was then released in stores on June 29, 2007.
Lines snaked around Apple stores across the country as people waited for the phone.
The first iPhone combined Apple's immensely popular mp3 player, the iPod, with smartphone capabilities: surfing the Internet, checking email, playing movies, messaging friends and -- oh, yeah -- making phone calls. All that came in one sleek, lightweight package.
There were many, many cellphones before the iPhone, dating back to 1983 in the United States. Jobs made the smartphone wicked cool.
|The iPad Tablet|
It's so simple. It's so flat. It does everything. The iPad, introduced by Jobs in 2010, has revolutionized what Jobs revolutionized at the beginning of his career. Its touch screen can be used for video, movies, digital books, games, accounting, writing, email -- almost anything, because the screen shows almost anything a software developer can conceive.
Go back to the beginning of this story and compare it to the Apple II. Jobs never stopped reinventing what he had created. The iPad can be a TV, radio, camera, toy, cash register, notepad, instruction book, or a million other things. The fact that it contains a computer is almost incidental.
"We do no market research. We don't hire consultants," he once said. "We just want to make great products."中梅毒吃什么药好的比较快
患有梅毒首选药物为青霉素，其中苄星青霉素是临床常用药物。如果打针前做皮试对青霉素过敏的话，可以口服盐酸米诺环素或者是多西环素来治疗梅毒。只是效果比打长效青霉素针要差一些。所以吃口服药治疗梅毒时间会更久一点，一般需要用药4周时间。不管应用哪种 药物治疗，一定要在医生的指导下用药，要按疗程，足量进行治疗。同时要定期复查。感染梅毒在治疗期间要注意做好防护，不要进行性生活，因为梅毒是可以通过性接触来传播的，要做好防护措施，还要避免与他人共用生活用品。
梅毒治疗首选青霉素。青霉素过敏可以选择多西环素或红霉素口服。梅毒是由梅毒螺旋体感染引起的性传播疾病，主要经不洁性行为直接感染，也可以通过血液传播和母婴垂直传播感染。临床上分为有症状性梅毒和无症状性梅毒，有症状性梅毒分为一期梅毒、二期梅毒、三期梅毒。一期梅毒表现为外生殖器部位的硬下疳，为单发无痛性溃疡，同时伴有腹股沟淋巴结肿大；二期梅毒表现为皮肤粘膜多种多样的梅毒疹，常见手掌脚心玫瑰色斑疹和肛周扁平湿疣；三期梅毒表现为皮肤粘膜，骨关节和内脏器官的损害；无症状性梅毒临床上没有任何症状。建议感染梅毒后到正规医院皮肤科进行检查和规范治疗，治疗首选青霉素，青霉素过敏可以选择多西环素或红霉素口服。
对于梅毒的治疗来说，国内最新的指南上来说还是推荐首选青霉素的治疗。如果青霉素使用皮试以后过敏才考虑替代的方案，也就是口服药物治疗。普鲁卡因是一种肌肉注射的方式，每周打一次，3-4周是一个疗程。口服药根据病期，如果是早期的梅毒，也就是像一期、二期或者是病程在两年以内的梅毒，推荐使用口服药物，一般是多西环素或者是美满霉素，按要求应该吃上15天。如果是晚期梅毒，包括三期的皮肤梅毒、黏膜梅毒、骨梅毒，或者两年以上的隐性梅毒或病期实在不能确定、不知道什么时候感染上的梅毒，这时口服药的疗程就要延长到30天，所以根据病程的情况还是建议能够首先考虑注射青霉素。如果青霉素不行的情况下，再考虑吃口服药治疗。
梅毒是由梅毒螺旋体感染人体之后引起的感染性疾病，一般将其归为性传播疾病，但是其传播途径不止性传播，也可以通过血液传播、手术器械传播、输血传播等等。治疗上，目前国际公认的，对梅毒最有效的治疗方法是使用长效青霉素进行驱梅治疗，也就是临床常用的苄星青霉素。苄星青霉素的疗程一般为三周，每周一次。驱梅治疗之后，需要复查梅毒滴度，如果滴度转阴，才能认为其治疗有效，这种监测需要持续三年。口服药物对于梅毒的治疗效果比较差，仅仅用于对青霉素或者是头孢类过敏的患者。
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- 2به گزارش اسپوتنیک، این مطلب در دادخواست جدید تهیه شده از طرف دنیز جرج، دادستان کل جزایر ویرجین اعلام شده است.
این سرمایه دار آمریکایی به سوء استفاده جنسی از دختران نابالغ و کم سن و سال و همچنین خرید و فروش آنها در جزیره خصوصی خود در دریای کارائیب تا سال گذشته میلادی متهم است. طبق دادخواست جورج ، اپستین از سال 2001 تا 2019 دختران 12 تا 17 ساله را با قایق ، هلیکوپتر و هواپیما به ملک خود به ارزش 577 میلیون دلار منتقل می کرد.
علاوه بر این ،در رایانه اپستین لیستی از قربانیان بالقوه وجود داشت و خود او رهبری "هرم خرید و فروش انسان " را به عهده داشت که در آن دختران قربانی نابالغ مجبور بودند سایر دختران را برای شرکت در روابط جنسی استخدام کنند.
اپستین در 6 ژوئیه در نیویورک بازداشت شد. او به ایجاد یک شبکه جنایی متهم شد که به او امکان سوءاستفاده جنسی و آزار دهها دختر کم سن و سال را داده بود. میلیونر آمریکایی جنایات خود را در سالهای 2002-2005 انجام داد. ادعا شده که برخی از قربانیان 14 ساله بودند.
در تاریخ 10 اوت ، جسد اپستین مپیدا شد. طبق کالبد شکافی انجام شده ، او خودکشی کرده است. این سرمایه دار با تعدادی از مقامات عالی رتبه ایالات متحده و کشورهای دیگر از جمله دونالد ترامپ و بیل کلینتون روسای جمهور فعلی و پیشین آمریکا و اندرو شاهزاده بریتانیایی آشنا بود که آخری به دلیل انتشار اطلاعاتی در مورد روابط نزدیک وی با اپستین مجبور شد از تعداد زیادی از امتیازات خود به عنوان عضو خانواده سلطنتی انگلیس صرفنظر کند.
جزایر ویرجین در دریای کارائیب قرار دارد و یکی از جزایر آن متعلق به جفری اپستین بود.Le persone nate il 18 ottobre appartengono alla Bilancia.
Per avere una buona comprensione della personalità dello zodiaco del 18 ottobre, devi imparare e avere una buona conoscenza di quali sono le previsioni del tuo oroscopo. Questo perché una buona conoscenza ti darebbe una migliore possibilità di sapere quando fare qualcosa.
Cosa significa nascere il 18 ottobre?
Il segno zodiacale del 18 ottobre è Bilancia. Sei molto intelligente e innovativo a causa del tuo segno zodiacale. Inoltre, il tuo simbolo astrologico, la Bilancia, ti rende onesto.
Tratti caratteriali
Qualcuno nato il 18 ottobre sarebbe una persona meravigliosa, molto intelligente e spiritosa. Diventi un buon comunicatore che è in grado di esprimersi bene senza paura di essere vittimizzato.
punti di forza
I fatti sul compleanno del 18 ottobre mostrano che sei una persona astuta che è in grado di comprendere facilmente qualsiasi informazione. La tua eloquenza e la capacità di conversare facilmente con le persone sono la ragione del tuo successo nella vita. In effetti, usi spesso queste due qualità per superare i tuoi problemi nella vita.
Inoltre, possiedi una capacità naturale di riconoscere facilmente le cose intorno a te. Sei paziente, non giudicante e comprensivo. Hai anche un modo per ridurre, se non sradicare, i problemi delle persone con la tua intelligenza e immaginazione.
La numerologia del 18 ottobre è 9. Questo ti rende innovativo, creativo e pieno di risorse. Sei anche un umanitario a causa della tua numerologia.
Punti deboli
In base al significato del compleanno del 18 ottobre, diventi un critico che odia le critiche ma ama le critiche. Sebbene consideri le critiche offensive, inaccettabili e cattive, ti piace farlo.
Qualità positive
Molto probabilmente avrai molti tratti positivi del compleanno del 18 ottobre che ti renderanno di successo nella vita. Sarai una persona intelligente e fantasiosa che probabilmente troverà più facile superare i problemi che conosci.
Secondo il significato del 18 ottobre, sarai un vero amore idealista e comprensivo. Sarai anche un grande amante della saggezza alla ricerca di ciò che ti renderebbe di successo e di conoscenza nel mondo.
Essendo nato il 18 ottobre, sei una persona premurosa, premurosa, innovativa e creativa. Molto probabilmente diffonderai idee grandi e migliori che creerebbero un mondo migliore.
Lo zodiaco del 18 ottobre mostra che sarai una persona piacevole con cui vivere o discutere grazie alla tua capacità di impegnarti e comprendere conversazioni complesse. Il tuo oroscopo mostra anche che molto probabilmente diventerai una persona divertente, performante ed equilibrata.
Cattive abitudini
L’oroscopo del 18 ottobre mostra che molto probabilmente sarai troppo indulgente e comprensivo in modo tale da perdere molto per coloro che ti circondano.
Inoltre, sarai una persona timida e eccessivamente calcolata che molto probabilmente avrà paura della permutazione della gente comune. Non inseguire la fama, ma inseguire l’eccellenza. La fama ti porterebbe solo in un posto, mentre l’eccellenza ti farebbe avere successo nella vita.
Secondo i tratti della personalità del compleanno del 18 ottobre, devi essere un po’ empatico e accettante.
Sei un individuo che sai essere la tua soggettività e la tua natura schizzinosa. Sembri reagire in modo eccessivo, supervisionare eccessivamente e inutilmente incontrollabile.
Il segno zodiacale del 18 ottobre mostra che tendi ad essere distaccato e praticamente distaccato dalle persone. In effetti, sei spesso oberato di lavoro e oberato di lavoro a causa del tuo amore per il lavoro.
Amore e Compatibilità
Il segno solare del 18 ottobre crede che tu sia un ragazzo buono e comprensivo, amorevole e premuroso. Dimostra anche che sei un amante molto affidabile e dolce. Trovi spesso un modo per far sentire la persona amata amata, curata e romantica.
Sulla base della vita amorosa del 18 ottobre, sarai un amante energico che è concentrato e molto probabilmente cercherà un amante che tiene molto allo sviluppo personale. Comprendi l’essenza dell’innamoramento della persona giusta; quindi scegli di scegliere qualcuno che sia affettuoso, affidabile e comprensivo.
Sei anche una persona gioviale che spesso rende felice la sua relazione. Anche se molto probabilmente sarai una persona egoista, puoi rinunciare a molti dei tuoi sogni per il tuo amore.
La compatibilità sessuale del 18 ottobre rivela che ti innamorerai di qualcuno nato il 3, 5, 6, 12, 14, 15, 21, 23, 24 e 31. Sarai anche compatibile con un Gemelli o un Acquario mentre un Ariete è il minimo individuo con cui puoi uscire.
Carriera
L’astrologia del 18 ottobre mostra che hai molte carriere a causa della tua personalità. È probabile che tu abbia molte opportunità che ti consentono di scegliere tra un’ampia varietà di carriere. Tendi a intraprendere carriere che ti permetterebbero di avere successo nella vita.
Inoltre, molto probabilmente sei adatto per una carriera in psicologia, legge e consulenza. Inoltre, lo troverai molto facile nel settore dell’intrattenimento, in particolare nella musica e nella scrittura di canzoni. La tua capacità di esprimerti e socializzare con le persone ti porta spesso a cercare lavoro come addetto alle relazioni internazionali e alle vendite.
Inoltre, molto probabilmente raggiungerai l’apice della tua carriera grazie alla tua grande curiosità. A parte questo, sei una persona organizzata che tende a ottenere buoni risultati nella ricerca e nei lavori legati al lavoro.
Salute
La personalità del 18 ottobre mostra che devi prenderti cura della tua salute per avere successo nella vita. Potresti non avere successo senza una buona salute.
Dovresti mangiare del buon cibo preparato secondo la raccomandazione dell’OMS. Mangia solo gli alimenti che ti darebbero le calorie necessarie di cui hai bisogno come persona. Devi anche considerare la tua salute, poiché hai una salute robusta, che deve essere mantenuta.
Esercitati
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the Earth! And no one really can say what went on all that time. Nevertheless, a lot must have happened because Earth changed dramatically and evolved in a way that the neighboring planets did not. By the end of the Archean, the Earth was just beginning to come alive, but Mars was already a frozen ball with no life and no ocean. So many things happened that is it hard to describe everything in one page, so try the Exploratour on The Archean Age, found at the bottom of this page.
Here are all the things that happened in this age:
At the beginning of the age, the "birth" of the Earth, at 4.8 BYA (billion years ago) the Sun finished forming, blew away whatever atmosphere the Earth started with, and Earth started over with an atmosphere of hydrogen. Also the Earth
At first temperatures were very hot, so there was no ocean. Igneous rocks dominate the surface of the Earth, and there was a lot of volcanic activity which yielded new molecules for the atmosphere.
As the temperature fell below to about room temperature, liquid water condensed on the surface and created a vast ocean. As soon as water began to form on the surface, carbon and sulfur dioxide from the atmosphere dissolved into the water, removing large quanities of those elements from the atmosphere (this is in contrast to Mars or Jupiter where CO2 and H continue to dominate the atmospheres of those respective planets). Nitrogen began to build up in the atmosphere. Volcanic activity continued to pour forth a
secondary atmosphere for the Earth. Meanwhile the seeds of continents called the "continental shields" began to take shape.
By 3.8 BYA (a billion years later) the first living beings are believed to have been thriving. Some of these creatures, called Archaea, bear the name of the entire age. These beings did not require oxygen to survive, which is good since there was none in the atmosphere at this time. Waste products of sulfur from these living beings began accumulating in the ocean, as well as the products of the weathering of igneous rock such as Fe (iron).
From 3.5 BYA to 2.5 BYA, or roughly to the end of the Archean age, iron ores began to be formed in large amounts at the bottom of the ocean. This is significant because it is proof that oxygen was beginning to be formed by the first living beings. The excess oxygen first combined with excess Fe to form Fe2O3 otherwise known as iron ore. This process took one billion years and finished at the end of the Archean era.Göster'in bu sayfasında "Gökçe Özgül" ile ilgili tüm gönderiler; en yeni videolar, galeriler, listeler ve haberler senin için derlendi. Bu kanal sayfasını, "Gökçe Özgül" hakkında gelecekte paylaşılacak güncel içerikleri kaçırmamak için arada bir kontrol edebilirsin. Katkı sağlamak istiyorsan sen de "Gökçe Özgül" gönderisi ekleyebilirsin. Bunun için istediğin zaman Göster'in çok kolay gönderi oluşturulabilen içerik ekleme formunu kullanabilirsin.05325214350
nolu telefon hakkındaki bilgi ve yorumlar
Bu numara sıfır beş yüz otuz iki - beş yüz yirmi bir - kırk üç - elli olarak okunur.
5325214350 numaralı mobil hat Turkcell operatörüne kayıtlıdır.
05325214350 kime ait olduğunu Google 'da arayın.
05325214350 telefon numarası ile ilgili bildiklerinizi paylaşın.Bizde bu numara kime ait öğrenmenize yardımcı olalım.
Eğer bu sayfada uygunsuz bir içerik mevcut ise linke tıklayınız.Five strategies to build resilience, and have reassuring conversations with kids during this challenging time are:
1. Stay Positive:
Remember to keep calm. If you show anxiety or excessive fear, your child will pick up on this and also feel nervous and afraid. Changes to the environment and routines can create unease. Having calm, panic-free discussions can ease emotions around these changes. Check-in on how your child is feeling and acknowledge and address their worries rather than ignore them.
2. Stick to the facts:
It is important to have thoughtful conversations regarding the coronavirus to distil anxiety, worry or fear. Look at the facts. Consider your child’s age, processing, and emotions to determine how to frame these conversations to ensure your child understands. Let them know that the school is doing everything they can and you are up to date on current information.
If they have additional questions you can look to find the answers. Check-in on what your child is thinking and address their worries. Discuss that not everything they hear or see is real. It can also be comforting to be reminded that doctors around the world are looking for ways to address the coronavirus and highlight positive news as well (eg. Latest discharge stats: www.worldometers.info/coronavirus).
3. Consider Media Consumption:
When looking online, consider the source and fact-check to prevent fake news, and think before you share. Be mindful of how much media you are checking and minimize how often you are reading stories. Try to keep a healthy balance (both online and offline) in your daily routines and lifestyle.
4. Eliminate stigma
It is important to be aware of how the coronavirus is explained to your children to avoid any person/group being blamed. Also to communicate that if someone has a fever or cough does not mean this person has the coronavirus.
5. Boost Your Coping Strategies
When anyone has change or uncertainty this can create some levels of worry or anxiety. When this occurs, it is important to use positive coping strategies to manage those emotions. As every person is different, so too are our coping strategies. Regardless, it is important to practice positive strategies to calm down or modify our thinking to improve our outlook and overall well-being.
Coping strategies can include: positive self-talk, singing, dancing, reading, drawing, music, movies at home, create a gratitude list, colouring, exercise, cooking/baking, talking to a friend or family member, or doing other activities that are fun or give you joy and make you feel good. If you notice your child is still worried or anxious, be assured that this is a normal reaction, and continue conversations and providing care for your child.Aynı hasta için çalışmalar serisi için terimin adı nedir?
Eğer bir hastada lezyon değerlendirmesi bir dizi varsa, İngilizce nasıl denir? Çalışma dönem(ziyaret) her bir değerlendirme için kullanılır gibi görünüyor. Nasıl dizi denir?
Süt uyku ve dinlenme: melatonin hormonu ve amino asit triptofan ile ilgili olduğu bilinen iki madde içerir. Bir bardak süt melatonin miktarını takviyesi alınır daha kısa, çok daha az.
Bilimsel analizine göre, yulaf ezmesi, granola, gibi karbonhidrat açısından zengin gıda ile tost süt birleştiren veya olsa da çok daha etkili hale getirir. Muz gibi, süt rahatlatıcı serotonin 5-HTP ve bültenleri döner amino asit L-triptofan içerir. Ayrıca kalsiyum ve diğer mineraller, rahatlatıcı bir etkisi olduğu bilinen yüksek.
Alerjik reaksiyon nedeniyle aynı durum vardı. Ürtiker ve ağız ülseri. Ben karışık 50/50 Mylanta ve Çocuk Benedryl ve swished. Bu Mylanta acı ve yanma olmadan yememe izin ağzı kaplı, Çocuk Benedryl ülser ve kurdeşen ile yardımcı oldu. Ayrıca yutmak için sorun değil. Ben denedim neden ilaçları bahsetmedin. Bu bana yardım eden biri. İyi Şanslar.
İlgili sorular
İlgili sorular
Stockholm Sendromu var. Son derece yüksek yüz geçerliliği yoktur. Olmayan tıbbi gazetelerde-birçok vaka raporları nedeniyle bu nitelik var. Bir desen bakın, adı bir sürü soru var.
Taksonomi hile bu davranış biçimi anlatmaya çalışıyor, birçok psikolojik kuram hazır olun:
Evrim teorisi ve türler arası karşılaştırmalar travmatik tuzak için davranışsal tepkiler üzerine yeni bir bakış açısı döken araştırdı, travma sonrası stres bozukluğu (TSSB) (travmatik tuzak için belirli bir yanıt) ve karmaşık post-Stockholm sendromu ilişkilerini inceliyor. [...] TSSB temel savunma davranışların nörobiyolojik temeli üç beyin modeli referans ile keşfediliyor. Belirli koşullar altında uzun süreli travmatik tuzak kurbanı paradoksal bırakın ötesinde kalıcı olabilecek ezen ile olumlu ilişkileri içeren Stockholm sendromu, görüntüleyebilir. Benzer tepkiler birçok memeli türleri, özellikle primatlarda görülmektedir. Baskınlık hiyerarşileri dahil etolojik kavramlar, kaçış, de-yükseltme ve koşullu uzlaşma alakalı görünür ve gösterilmiştir döndü. Bu olaylar genellikle ciddi şiddet mağdurları karşılaşılan ve bu kavramlar klinik yönetimi yardımcı olabilir anlamak. Yatıştırma travmatik tuzak tarafından sunulan ve kompleks TRAVMA sonrası stres bozukluğu Vakfı gibi görünen hayatta kalma mücadelesi için en uygun memeli savunma olduğunu. Evrimsel bakış açıları köprü ve travmatik stres tepkileri açısından nörobiyoloji ve Sosyal Bilimler entegre önemli bir potansiyele sahip.
Doğru teşhis, yeni bir "sendrom" sana ihtiyacım ölçü "belirtiler" ve karşılaştırmalar yapmak için etkinleştirmek bir ayırıcı tanı. Flört komplikasyonlar "Stockholm Sendromu" kavramını uygulayarak böyle bir ölçek sunulmuştur:
Ama tüm süreç hangi konularda bilimsel olarak böyle bir durumun mevcut olduğu kabul edilirse medyada göre incelendiği nadir bir engel teşkil etmektedir. Bu kavramı şimdi karşı sezgisel davranışları artık Stockholm Sendromu neredeyse yoğun nefret daha önce kabul sezgisel davranışsal tepki yerine bir nokta açıklamak yatıyordu kişi için görünüşe göre son derece cazip. Bu soruyu farklı araştırmacılar tarafından ifade edilen zayıflık. Psikolojik ve psikiyatrik belirtiler, hastalıklar ve sendromlar kültürü üzerinde son derece etkilenen veya bağımlı bile. (cf. DSM ve eşcinsellik). Şu anda belli ki çok keskin alternatifler ve ilgili kavramları karşı tanımlanan ayrı bir kategori olarak Stockholm sendromu tanımlama işlemi bitmiş değildir:
Efsane psikiyatrik tanı ya da kentsel ‘Stockholm sendromu’? ‘Stockholm sendromu’ konusunda mevcut literatürde seyrek; literatür çoğunluğu ‘Stockholm sendromu’ tanısı konuldu ne varsa, ve kurbanların yönetimi açısından önemi nedir küçük başvuru ile dava raporlara dayanıyor. ‘Stockholm sendromu’ nadiren akran akademik araştırma yapılmıştır söz edilir.[...]
Özet olarak, sistematik bir literatür ‘Stockholm sendromu’ araştırması büyük boşluklar tespit etti. Çok az literatür mevcut varlığı henüz vaka çalışmaları ile etiketlenmiş insanların davranış ve deneyimleri olası bir desen göstermek destek için geliyor. Tanı kriterleri için temel olarak kullanılabilecek bir rehine adlı kaçırılma kurbanlarının içine yaygın olarak bildirilen vaka çalışmaları arasında benzerlikler bulduk. Psikiyatrik bir sendrom ile rehine kurban etiketleme medya dolaşımını artırmak için daha okunabilir ve daha onların hikayesini kılan da öneririz. Medya, henüz alınan kapsamlı bir değerlendirme ve doğrulama ölçütü olarak tıbbi terimleri, ‘Stockholm sendromu’ gibi ücretsiz saltanatı için psikiyatrik hastalığın kökeni gizemini hayranlık ile toplumu bir arada tutan; Psikiyatri mutlak değerleri ve tanımları uymaz kolay.
Otururken bir yere ben her zaman oturup dizlerimin üzerinde (Seiza), çünkü ne zaman ben denemek için oturup benim kalça eğilimim için uzanmak ve sadece çok yorucu için bana oturup bu şekilde.
Sandalyeye oturduğumda kıçımın üstünde oturduğum zaman çok ağır hımbıl suçluyum. Bıraktığımda, ya da o kadar ağır sadece kambur duruyorum çünkü konsantre, sandalyenin geri değişikliklerimi alt kısmı bazen yok. Ben crouch veya ağır nesneleri kaldırma zaman çok dikkat ediyorum çünkü sırt sorunları yok, ama oturduğum zaman, ben oturuyorum, ama oldukça işime konsantre olmak istemiyorum.
Benim için bir çözüm sandalyede tek ayak üzerinde oturmak ve sandalyeye büktü içinde diğeri de asılı ya da bir tür var olduğunu. Eğer (esp bacaklarım biraz vahşet söz verirsem bu şekilde oturduğum zaman sırtım düz olduğunu hissediyorum, ama her zaman merak ediyorum. bu yaptığımda diz).
Peki bu şekilde oturmak için bazı sağlık sakıncaları vardır? (Ben de gerçekten bu etiketi nasıl bilmiyorum...)
Bir kez taş oluşmuş, benim bilgi için, geçmek zorunda olacak...hiçbir şey eriterek teşvik, o bile mümkün olacak uygun olduğunu sanmıyorum. (Tamulosin gibi) üreter gevşetici ilaç ile birlikte kesinlikle büyük sıvı alımı önemli önleme de etkili olduğu tespit taşın gerçek kompozisyon, taş oluşumu için temel çöktürücü tedavi dayalı bağlı olarak çeşitli rejimleri ile olmuştur.5 mm sınır olduğunu ama Tamulosin + ağır sel alımı ile geçmesini...
Bu Mayo Clinic web sitesi bir büyük kaynak güvenilir bilgi ve bir yerden başlamak. İşaret biri çok geniş kaynaklara sahip olarak eğer daha derine inmek istiyorsanız, NIH web sitesi. Bakın burada Ofis Diyet Takviyeleri, örneğin. Sadece btw takviyeleri değil, ama bilgi demir gibi belirli bir vitamin veya mineral çok kişi geçmişlerinde belirli ihtiyaçlarını nasıl ve yiyecek servisi (her ne kadar) içinde içeren örneğin.
Büyük bir depresif bozukluk için meşru bir tedavi TMS? Bu araştırma neyi gösterdi?
Etkinliği için bazı kanıt göremiyorum, ama aynı zamanda insanların şüpheli veya sahte olarak işaretleme görüyorum. Hangisi doğru?
Doktora gitmeden kan onun temel özelliklerini analiz etmek için bir kişi için bir yöntem/cihaz var mı?
Arka plan motivasyon: Bir hasta rasgele zamanlarda görünen belirtiler yinelemeler vardır. Şimdiye kadar hiç kanı hastanede alındı ve analiz edildi zaman mevcuttu ve kan testleri yanlış bir şey gösterdi. Fikir belirtiler tanı yardım için doktora göstermeyi ve sırasında hastanın kan örnekleri Al Onu ve analiz etmektir.
Ağırlık artışı ve (siyah fasulye, nohut, brokoli, patates, mantar) protein açısından zengin yiyecekler yiyin sağlıklı olmak, (tam tahıllı ekmek, makarna, tahıl) ve yağ (avokado, zeytinyağı, badem, ceviz) karbonhidrat; in diyet, ağırlık kaldırma (dahil takviyeleri ve multivitaminler neden kardiyo koşu ya da yapma ve aktivite düzeyine göre diyet planı.
Bu yüzden son zamanlarda yeni bir işe başladım ve son birkaç hafta içinde ortak bir şey ara sıra baş ağrısı alıyorum, o günün sonuna kadar.
Sorun, ben egzersiz işten hemen sonra ve okuduğum kadarıyla, (İbuprofen, Tylenol, Aspirin, İbuprofen) NSAID egzersiz artarsa ve kaslarda protein sentezini engelleyebilir. Ve vücut üzerinde "güvenli" değildir.
(Eğer zarar en az olması halinde) baş ağrısı için ağrı kesici güvenli olur ne Google için çalışıyorum, ama ben tüm vücut için kötü olan şey hakkında konuşmak clickbait makaleler var.
Herhangi bir ipucu/yardım gerçekten takdir. Teşekkürler!
Bilgisayar kullanırken, sık sık benim klavye daha fazla girdi göndermek istiyorum. Bir kez ayak (bir pedal kullanmaya çalıştım.k.bir. ayak) fare tıklaması ve değiştirici tuşları göndermek için, ama bileğimi bir yük koymak gibi görünüyordu. Mümkün kullanmak için bir ayak pedalı gönder fare tıklaması ve değiştirici tuşları almadan herhangi bir RSIgibi sorunları, ve eğer öyleyse, ne yapayım kullanmak ergonomik?
Burada ayak pedalı ı kullanın: Savant Elite Çift Eylem USB Ayak pedalı tarafından Kinesis Corporation
Görünüşüm:
Yorum gönderilemedi. - ben mitokondri online, ders bulunabilir Bir örnek karıştırılarak bitireceğim. https://online-learning.harvard.edu/course/cell-biology-mitochondria Bu ders olabilir boş istemediğini
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world in the sense that the world's reality reveals itself through aesthetic appearance. Art is one of reality's forms of emergence and the reality that reveals itself cannot be distinguished from the presentation of it. According to Gadamer there is no objective form of truth that is independent of the specific forms of emergence or particular ways of perceiving the world. The world is realized through its presentation and then always in some specific way. Since art in this way is related to something vital with our way of being in the world, we can never come to a point in history where art ends. For Gadamer therefore, art is not something that can die. As he writes: "The death of art, as an end to the restless will to form that resides in human dreams and longing, this we cannot conceive of as long as human beings continue to form their own lives. Any claim that the time of art is ended will thus consequently lead to new art."2 However, what art is will vary and be determined by the historical context within which it emerges. Each time will have its own form of art.
Gadamer compares experiencing a work of art to playing a game
A work of art always points beyond itself, according to Gadamer. It is inherently open. On the one hand this has to do with the fact that a work of art will always remain open to being subjected to new ways of seeing. Furthermore, these various conceptions of it are constitutive of the artwork as artwork. The meaning of a work of art emerges only in the encounter with an observer or listener. This meeting is inherently dialogical, in the sense that both bring something to the encounter, as in a conversation. One part of the meeting consists in the spectator applying the work of art with his or her own perspective. Nevertheless, it is also necessary for the spectator to open herself to being moved by and to a certain extent loose herself in the artwork. Similarly to the way we are all cast into a world at birth, we must, as spectators, give ourselves over to the work of art to a certain extent, if we wish to understand it. A work of art is also a «world» in the sense that it constitutes a world of meaning. Gadamer compares experiencing a work of art to playing a game. A game is a structured world of meaning that players must enter and lose themselves in, or the world will lose its magic. In forgetfulness people open themselves up to the game itself. Such openness is also necessary in interpreting a work of art. If the spectator does not let herself be gripped by the world of meaning that is the artwork, she will not be able to understand it, or find it interesting or exciting. In the same way as the game, the work of art must also be taken seriously. If one enters an encounter with a work of art with a serious expectation of being told something, artwork can reveal something new and unknown to the spectator. Embedded within works of art there thus lies a potential to open the spectator up to what is other and foreign. This provides access to an outside in relation to what stands as rigid and unquestioned in our own conceptions, and which is difficult to recognize and question critically. In this way, through its ability to display and reveal the limitations of any benumbed cultural expectation, art contains an ethical significance.
That a work of art always points beyond itself also refers to how it necessarily belongs to a context, and how this context belongs to a world that inevitably has a history. An artwork thereby unavoidably relates to the history within which it is inscribed. One way or another, every work of art relates to a tradition. This relationship is ambiguous. On the one hand a tradition constitutes the path between historical eras and horizons. It may, for instance, express the relationship between a modern reader and a work of art from Antiquity. The notion of tradition is for Gadamer an expression of what has to do with the effects of an artwork through history. However, history also constitutes something more that this, according to Gadamer. It represents something against which we can see ourselves. In this way turning towards history and previous historical eras can provide a contrast against which we may understand more about ourselves and our own preconceptions.
Art and history thus have something in common, namely a potential for opening up new perspectives and insights in relation to, and in contrast to which, we can understand ourselves. Both art and history offer us access to an outside to our own rigid preconceptions. To the degree that art wishes to enforce such a project of self-reflection, it may gain additional strength by turning to history.
1 Hans-Georg Gadamer, Truth and method. Continuum International Publishing Group Ltd.: 2004. The original German version Warheit und Metode was published in 1960.
2 My translation. See Gadamer, «Er kunstens tid forbi? Fra Hegels lære om kunstens fortidskarakter til dagens antikunst». Den europeiske arven, p. 76. Oslo: Cappelens upopulære skrifter, 1991, p.76.Tucked away in the Barnawapara wildlife sanctuary of Chhattisgarh is a small village, Deba. The national power grid is yet to reach there. But there is no interruption in the scheduled power supply to its 75 households. While power cuts are frequent in grid-connected villages across the state, the only time Deba residents experienced a blackout since they started receiving electricity some seven years ago was in October last year.
The blackout was caused by a powerful lightning. It hit the power transmission cables and damaged the inverter of the solar power plant, recalls Phool Devi, in her 40s. The government officials replaced the inverter within two weeks and the village was illuminated again just before Diwali.
The 4 kilowatt solar power plant, which uses photovoltaic cells to tap solar energy, generates 28 units (1 unit=1kWh) of electricity a day. It is sufficient to light all houses and lanes of Deba with CFLs (compact fluorescent lamps) for seven hours without fail: from 4 am to 6 am and from 6 pm to 11 pm. Devi says the solar power plant, installed by Chhattisgarh Renewable Energy Development Agency (CREDA) in 2003, has been a boon to the village residents who had always relied on kerosene lamps and lanterns. “Now that the village has streetlights, I do not fear snakes or wild animals in the night,” Devi says with a grin. She is happy her children now study even after nightfall.
Deba is one of the 50 villages and hamlets dotting the dense Barnawapara forest that are benefiting from the solar power plants installed under the Remote Village Electrification Programme of the Union Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE). The programme, as the name suggests, aims to electrify villages and hamlets in remote and difficult areas such as forests, hills and deserts of the country, which are not feasible to be linked with the national grid, using renewable energy. Solar power is popular for such electrification due to its abundance and simple plugand- play nature of the technology.
But solar off-grid projects under the programme have been reported to be a failure across the country, with Chhattisgarh being the only exception. With assured illumination to 1,400 remote villages, the nascent state boasts of being home to over one-fifth of the solar-powered villages across the country, reckon MNRE officials.
Tanushree Bhowmik, programme director (energy) of the United Nations Development Programme-India, says renewable off-grid projects tend to fail in most remote villages because of lax monitoring and poor maintenance of installed systems. Though states are responsible for installation and maintenance of off-grid power generation systems, most lack the intent to monitor. There have been reports of systems getting stolen or lying defunct in several states, she adds.
In Kalahandi district of Odisha, for instance, the government installed solar home lighting and street home lighting systems in 40 villages in 2009. A survey by Desi Technology Solutions, a consultancy firm in Bhubaneswar, shows the systems in 30 villages became defunct within a year. According to the December 2010 issue of Akshay Urja, a newsletter of MNRE, remote villages in Jharkhand, Assam and Meghalaya receive 2-4.5 hours of illuminations a day from solar lighting systems. People in these areas are demanding for maintenance of their solar lighting systems as most of the days the systems lie defunct.
Chhattisgarh went the extra mile to ensure that installed solar systems remain functional. It installed microgrids wherever possible and introduced a standardised operation and maintenance system.
The task of supplying electricity to remote villages began in Chhattisgarh in 2003. CREDA installed solar home lighting systems in 500 villages. The system is an assembly of solar panels, cables, an inverter, a battery and two 11 Watt CFLs. “Half of the panels got stolen within a year. Some even sold them off or mortgaged them for money,” says S K Shukla, director of CREDA. A survey in 2004 showed that of the 617 solar modules installed in tribal hostels, ashrams and primary health centres, 500 were stolen. This is when CREDA opted for microgrids.
|| Chhattisgarh installed micro-grids and introduced a standardised operation and maintenance system
“Micro-grids require more investment from the state exchequer because the subsidy by MNRE is limited (90 per cent of the installation cost or Rs 18,000, whichever is maximum). But they prevent theft and require minimal maintenance,” Shukla adds.
As per the estimates of CREDA, a solar module of 37 W costs Rs 14,000. Factor in the 90 per cent subsidy by MNRE and each module costs the state Rs 2,750. Compare this with the cost of setting up a micro-grid (solar photovoltaic power plant and transmission cables) per household, which is approximately Rs 25,000. The state shells out about three times more for a micro-grid than a solar home lighting system.
CREDA installed the first micro-grid in 2004 and started electrifying villages in two ways. For big concentrated villages, it installed micro-grids. Of 1,400 solar-powered villages, 500 have microgrids of a total installed capacity of 2.35 MW, providing electricity to more than 35,000 households. Rest of the villages and hamlets, where houses are scattered, were provided with solar home lighting systems. “It is not feasible in scattered villages to invest in wiring for long distances,” says Shukla.
With the penetration of solar offgrid grew concerns for the operation and maintenance of the systems. CREDA envisaged a three-tier system. An operator was chosen from each solar-powered village to clean solar modules every day and repair them if there was wiring glitch. For this, he charges Rs 5 from each house a month. For regular maintenance of batteries and inverters, and for fixing technical problems, CREDA enrolls an operation and maintenance contractor, who appoints a cluster technician for every 10-15 villages. The technician directly receives a payment of Rs 25 per household per month from the state government. This is equivalent to the subsidy that the Chhattisgarh government provides to families below the poverty line in grid-connected areas for availing one unit of electricity a day.
“The technician files a monthly monitoring report for every solar installation. The solar equipments that are not working and the problems associated are also recorded,” says Shashi Dwivedi, an operation and maintenance contractor.
The third tier is managed by CREDA, which monitors all installations through the monthly reports and replaces equipments in case of major breakdowns like the one that happened in Deba. “Not many states have asked for large-scale solar system connections like in Chhattisgarh,” says Moola Ramesh, deputy general manager of Tata BP Solar, a leading solar equipment manufacturer in the country. Even states that install solar systems hardly seek maintenance, he adds.
Uninterrupted scheduled power supply has not only minimised cases of stealing or selling solar panels, it has fuelled the commercial demand for solar systems in the region. “There is not much we can provide other than lighting to each remote house. But people have starting accepting the technology and are buying solar modules and solar water pumps in large numbers,” says Rajiv Gyaani, executive director of CREDA.
Lighting is not enough
Though solar power provides illumination, its limited capacity does not meet the demand of complete electrification. Consider this. Kaya Bara, the village neighbouring Deba in Barnawapara sanctuary, has a 3 kW solar power plant that generates 24 units of electricity a day. Till two years ago it was sufficient to light 45 households in the village for eight hours a day.
Now with three TV sets in the village, the load on the grid has increased and residents get light barely for two hours a day. The operator, Monu, blames those who own TV sets for the load-shedding as a TV set can gobble up the entire 24 units of electricity in just a couple of hours. But there is no let up in their use. Rather, more residents in Kaya Bara are planning to buy TV sets and other electrical equipments like fan and water pumps.
|| Remote village electrification programme doesn’t even supply minimum requirement of 1 unit electricity a day
Discontent with limited electrification is palpable across solar-powered villages, barring a few like Jabarra in Dhamtari district (see ‘Jabarra denounced national power grid’,). Take Kalaar Baahra, a tribal hamlet in Dhamtari for instance. Each of the 15 houses in it has a solar home lighting system. Last year, the government declared it electrified. Residents still demand link to the grid, which is just half-a-kilometre away. They recently wrote a letter to the district administration apprising it of their demand.
Illumination is not sufficient, says Itwarin Bai, in her 50s. She likes the solar panel on her rooftop, but she is jealous of the villagers half-a-kilometre away who have access to the grid. “Bada bijli matlab bada aamdaani, (grid electricity means more income),” she says.
“Solar-powered water pumps are very expensive. We cannot afford them. If we have access to the grid we can buy the regular water pumps and grow vegetables even in summers like people in the neighbouring village. We can also draw water when the level dips,” Bai explains. The remote village electrification programme does not ensure adequate supply to meet the demand of remote villages, admits Kapil Mohan, former in-charge of rural electrification programme in the Ministry of Power.
Under the programme, a 37 W solar system is provided to a family, which does not even meet the minimum electricity requirement of 1 unit a day mentioned in the Electricity Act. “Electricity does not mean just illumination. It is the most flexible form of energy and should be provided to all according to minimum standards,” Mohan says.
‘People feel solar power is their electricity’
The Solar Shop, a three-floor distributor’s outlet of Tata BP Solar in Sarguja district of Chhattisgarh, is the biggest supplier of solar equipment in the state. Proprietor of the shop Hari Narayan Gupta talks to Ruhi Kandhari about the growing demand for solar equipment in the state and the future of solar power
What makes solar equipment popular in Chhattisgarh?
People here have become aware of the benefits of solar technology following the state’s initiative to electrify remote villages using solar power. When people see solar lighting systems working in these villages, they want to buy them. Those who do not get sufficient electricity but have money also prefer investing in solar power. Subsidies by the Union ministry of new and renewable energy make the equipment affordable.
Since 2009, when the Centre started providing subsidies on solar equipment under its rooftop scheme, we have installed about 150 solar panels across the state. Sixty are in Ambikapur alone, even though the town is connected to the grid and does not face much power outages. A combination of grid and solar power is economical for most households here. They use the grid power for running water pumps and air conditioners, while depending on solar for lighting.
Which equipment is in demand the most?
Of all solar equipment, solar modules are in high demand even though there is no subsidy on them. Government gives subsidies only on complete packages like the solar home lighting system (an assembly solar panels, batteries, inverters and lights). People use the modules to charge their tractor batteries and then run TVs, fans or other electronic gadgets at night or at their whim. This comes cheap.
Do people use solar equipment for commercial purpose?
I have not seen anyone doing so because large-scale installations require big investment.
Do you ensure operation and maintenance?
Yes, we do. The service is free for installations in remote villages for which we have received the annual maintenance contract from the state government. But for individual customers, we offer a two-year warranty and charge for subsequent repair and maintenance services. People usually bring their equipment to our repair shops in case of a technical problem. In case of a big installation, our technicians visit the spot.
What is the status of commercial sale of solar equipment in the country?
I have a network of 30 sub-dealers in Odisha, Bihar, Jharkhand and Madhya Pradesh. Tata BP Solar has the largest customer base in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, where demand for solar equipment is high because of poor grid supply. Sales have recently gone up in Bihar following the introduction of a scheme where panchayats can buy solar streetlights. Uttar Pradesh tops in sales because of micro finance offered by Aryavrata Grameen Bank (regional rural bank).
The demand is no doubt growing in Chhattisgarh. My sales have increased almost five times in the past seven years—from Rs 15-20 lakh in 2004 to Rs 4 crore this year. But sales would further go up if the state introduces micro-finance for solar equipment. People shell out Rs 150 a month for using a kerosene lamp. They can happily pay Rs 200 to Rs 250 a month to the bank to own a solar home lighting system.
How do you see the future of solar energy?
I believe everyone would use solar energy in some form or the other in a decade. The cost of solar equipment has halved in the past five years and is further coming down with each passing year. People have already started looking at solar power for energy security at the household level. They feel it is their electricity. Even if there is a total blackout in the city, solar power will function.
Photo Gallery: Flicker of solar light in Chhattisgarh
Go to www.downtoearth.org.in for moreATLANTA – Lance Ledbetter جورجیا شیرین را می خرید هلوها در حوالی مرکز شهر
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individual owner saw fit. By 1939, 22 Seahorses had been completed, and all but one constructed by amateur builders. During the next six years only one boat was built owing to the war years and the policy of the club not to use materials, but 1946 saw the class again going ahead and at the end of that year 10 sets of plans had been sold.
The specifications introduction goes on to say: ‘It was determined by experienced members of the Elwood Sailing Club that the required boat would be 18ft long with 4ft beam and watertight bulkheads fore and aft to enable it to be righted if capsized. From this evolved the well-known Seahorse One Design Class.’
Ted Montfort, president of the Seahorse Association and one-time Commodore of the Royal Melbourne Yacht Squadron, says that at present there are still about 100 names on his list of members, and that about 30 odd usually turn up at the yearly meetings he chairs. Ted knows of only two Seahorses in existence, but supposes there are more that no-one knows about. ‘They could be fairly wet boats,’ says Ted, ‘but some of them had a splashboard running on angles up to just forward of the mast. This would throw back a bit of the water when you were punching into any sea.’
However, some of these ‘splashboards’ were little more than canvas arrangements propped up with sticks and made so they could be lowered when not needed. They were perhaps a carry-over from an earlier ‘lee-cloth’ arrangement found on some of the very early sailing canoes of the area.
Life jackets were not really the norm in those days. Ted says that one of the requirements the Elwood club had was that sailors must prove that they could swim, fully clothed in their sailing gear, from the club to a diving platform off the beach and back again. ‘Also, every year before you could start,’ says Ted, ‘you had to take a ‘bottling test’. The boat would be put in the water, with the mast up, and tipped over for three minutes on each side and then upright for five minutes. If after that time there was more than three inches of water in the bottom of the boat you were not allowed to sail.’
Two box-like pumps were usually fitted on either side of the centrecase, the valve inside worked by a piece of leather thong from the top. The water was let out directly into the case, and there was also a bung into one side of the case for draining the boat when on the beach.
The rig was high peaked gunter, with a jib set to the stem. The total area for the working sails equalled 144 sq ft, with the spinnaker adding another 85 sq ft. Interestingly, silk or nylon was barred from the class as a sail material, and a loose footed or mitre cut main was not allowed.
Inside ballast and winches for halyards were also prohibited, as was ‘any apparatus extending outboard which may be to support or assist in supporting a member of the crew outboard’.
The hulls were lightly planked and the entire thing covered with 10 ounce canvas, which was held on mostly with paint but was also tacked on all along the gunwales. Red lead paint was worked into the canvas before undercoating and finishing off. ‘The canvas would have to be repaired every so often,’ says Ted, ‘or worse still would have to be entirely replaced. You may find a rock or shell just under the sand which could put a tear in the canvas. You could always re-stick it back with paint, or make a patch, but one could re-canvas the lot anyway. But this was a big job. The outside keel would have to be removed, and the rubbing strakes and some fittings.’
Planking was an easier than usual process, and must have suited the backyard builders that seemingly made most of the boats of this class. After moulds and ribbands were set up, the keel, stem and stern pieces and the ‘inside gunwales’ (as the specifications say) were all fastened to the mould. Then the ribs (quarter inch by two inches, at five inch centres) were steamed and fastened to the gunwales and keelson, but were set flush into the outside face of the keel. To make things even easier, it was also specified that ribs were to be fitted in two halves, that is joined in the centre of the keel, and not bent around the hull in one piece. Planking was therefore not rabbetted into the keel, but went over the top of the lot.
The ‘gunwale planks’ went on first followed by the single ‘garboard’ strake, which was screwed to the keel and stem and stern pieces as well as being riveted to ribs. Planks were then fitted next to the gunwale and garboard strakes alternately until closing the hull with the last plank on the bilges, which from the shape of the gap created by the other planks would be short and pointed at each end. A gap for swelling was left between the planks, usually measured by placing a hack saw blade between them when fitting.
One trick for helping fit the plank over the curve of the hull at the bilges was to soak hot water on the outside of the plank with rags. This swelled the fibres of the wood on the outside and helped bend it in towards the curved ribs. After being sealed up with the canvas, an outside keel was fitted along the bottom and any other pieces and fittings needed could be attached.
Ted Montfort says that in the Seahorses’, and his own, heyday, they often sailed down Port Phillip Bay to the Mornington Peninsula, or over to the other side, for a bit of a holiday.
‘No one had trailers anyway, so sailing them was the only way to get them anywhere. In those days you could leave all your gear on the beach and no-one would touch it.’ The natural elements were another thing. ‘One time after a night at Sorrento, we woke up to find two of our boats gone,’ says Ted. ‘Either the tide rose higher than expected or we didn’t do the right thing when coming up onto the beach.
Anyway, it seems a local fisherman found them drifting out on the bay and took them in tow. The only thing was, he didn’t know from looking at them just how tender they could be. So when he tried stepping onto one, he got a soaking. ‘We didn’t know all this at the time. The boats were tied up to the jetty at Sorrento, and the proprietor of the shop that was on the jetty in those days told us all about it. Since the fellow that towed our boats back wasn’t about, he suggested we could perhaps pay for his tobacco, so we all put in. That was the least we could do.’
So what was the fate of the Seahorse, and why has this class of boat all but disappeared? The generally held opinion seems to be that with the advent of newer materials and building methods, the design simply fell out of favour with the owner-builders that seemed to make up most if not all the Seahorse’s advocates. And yet, as a unique Australian development, the design certainly deserves its place in history. Indeed, given its simplicity and seemingly satisfactory performance, we may even see something of a renewed interest.
Evolution at work: pre-Seahorse canoes
Bill Richards, long time local of the area, remembers the earlier sailing canoes that were raced off the beach around Elwood before the Seahorse design was established. The Elwood Yacht Club was originally a paddling canoe organisation, and by the 1930s had established a large storage shed on the beach with racks for canoes up to three high. The canoes, says Bill, were of various shapes and designs but mainly 16 to 18 feet long.
‘Canadian built 18 foot Peterborough canoes were the Rolls Royce of the type,’ he says, ‘although the Canadian influence was apparent in most canoes of the time’. Hardly any young person had a car in the 30s, so transport of the canoes was out of the question, hence the beach storage facility. ‘They were very lightly carvel planked with tiny ribs, perhaps a half inch by one quarter inch,’ says Bill. ‘The better ones were varnished inside and out, but some were only stretched canvas over ribs and stringers.’
The sailing adaptions of some of the canoes were at the whim and fancy of the owner. ‘In some cases the rig was ketch or yawl, which was easily done because the rudder could be connected, as was carried over to the early Seahorses, by cords. The cut of the main was called ‘bat-wing’,that is, fully battened and with a greatly exaggerated rounded leech – the idea being to get the maximum sail area from a short mast. For the same reason the ketch/yawl arrangement was often encountered.’
‘Stability is a factor in which these canoes did not excel, and with the earlier types, before the regulated Seahorse design, there were no flotation bulkheads and no way they could be righted in any sort of sea. It was a day to remember that was free of any sort of capsize – called ‘bottling’.’
The earlier canoes were originally built with a high priority for lightness, the keel was accordingly very light, maybe two inches by one inch, and therefore unsuitable for a plate case. So lee boards were the standard of the day. Lee ‘clothes’ were another part of the effort to keep the canoes afloat. ‘These consisted of strips of canvas about eight inches wide running around more or less upright, but tending inboard, on each side of the canoe and fastened to the gunwale,’ says Bill.
‘The lee clothes were held up on the leeward side with spaced vertical timbers attached to the inboard side of the cloth. The idea was to have a propped up cloth on the lee side of the canoe, but an unpropped one on the weather side so the crew could still sit on the gunwale.
This originally appeared in the UK magazine Classic BoatKoziej ha precisato che sotto un certo punto di vista la Polonia è già vittima della propaganda e delle "informazioni aggressive" russe ed ha invitato gli alleati occidentali a seguire l'esempio di Varsavia, aumentando la spesa per la difesa.
"In passato, i bilanci della difesa della maggior parte dei paesi della NATO sono diminuiti, mentre le spese militari della Russia sono cresciute. Questa tendenza pericolosa e allarmante deve essere fermata ", dice il generale Koziej.
Anche se Koziej ritiene che l'adesione della Polonia alla NATO nel 1999 funga da deterrente per la Russia, lo stesso non varrebbe per le tattiche più subdole della guerra ibrida, che combinano disinformazione pubblica, propaganda, spionaggio, e sabotaggio interno con la guerra convenzionale.
Recentemente l'ex capo dell'intelligence militare ceca Andor Šándor ha riferito alla stampa occidentale che la Russia ha "sicuramente" aumentato i suoi sforzi di spionaggio negli ex paesi del Trattato di Varsavia dall'inizio del conflitto Ucraina.
La Polonia ha annunciato che circa 42 miliardi dollari saranno spesi per modernizzare il suo equipaggiamento militare nel prossimo decennio. È stato anche pianificato uno spostamento di unità verso i paesi baltici ad est.
Koziej ritiene che Varsavia possa contribuire a dare l'esempio nelle politiche di difesa al resto d'Europa Qual è la più importante per la Polonia "per mantenere l'unità dei paesi occidentali verso la crisi attuale".Stoats and Weasels will not usually attack large chickens but can be a problem with smaller birds such as bantams, guinea fowl, call ducks, quail and many species of wild fowl as well as chicks and growers.
Both have the same diet and similar habitats although they do tend to avoid each other.
Visually, Stoats and Weasels look very similar. They are light brown with a pale underside. A Stoat can grow slightly bigger than a Weasel and is usually slightly heavier. The give-away is a Stoat has a black tip on the end of his tail.
Stoats have a black tip on the end of their tail.
The slightly smaller Weasel doesn’t have a black top on the end of his tail.
A similar predator is the Mink which is easily recognisable without a white chest.
Stoats and poultry
We will mainly consider stoats in this article although both stoats and weasels can cause similar damage. If they are found in the area, there will be an absence of rats and mice since they also fall victim to this killer. A stoat can do a great deal of damage. Similar to a fox, it will kill many birds, only eating one. They can be particularly difficult to shoot as they are fast-moving and it is not often you get a glimpse of one and they usually do their hunting at night.
How to catch a Stoat or Weasel
A trap is the best way to catch a Stoat and there are two methods that have been used successfully. The first method is to lay a drain pipe in one of the stoat’s tracks. Stoats always prefer to run under cover by choice. Set a sprung trap at the exit of the pipe. Peg this down so that it cannot be pushed out-of-the-way and the stoat should set it off when he runs out of the end of the tube.
The second method of trapping a Stoat is to use a standard metal cage rat trap. If you have found a dead bird that has been partially eaten by the stoat, this method is ideal.
Place the remains of the bird in the trap as bait and when the stoat comes back, it is likely that he will go to this for another feed and become trapped.
Dispatch him with an air rifle. Do not try to take him out of the cage because he will give you a nasty bite or escape when you open the trap just a little!
Remember when setting traps that could harm wild animals, they should only be used in such a way that targets the intended species.
There is further advice on trapping Mink (which prefer fish as bait) in the article “Mink Trapping Tips for Poultry Keepers“.داستان نوجوانان پل بومر و دوستانش آلبرت و مولر را دنبال می کند که داوطلبانه در ارتش آلمان ثبت نام می کنند و بر موجی از شور میهن پرستانه سوار می شوند که به محض مواجهه با واقعیت های وحشیانه زندگی در جبهه به سرعت از بین می رود.
تجربیات و پریشانی وحشتناک یک سرباز جوان آلمانی در جبهه غرب در طول جنگ جهانی اول...
در جبهه غرب خبری نیست تجربیات وحشتناک و پریشانی یک سربار آلمانی در جبهه های غرب در طول جنگ جهانی اول را به تصویر می کشد.
برای مخاطبی که کتاب نوشته آقای رمارک یا دو اقتباس اول فیلم را نمی شناسد به اندازه کافی خوب است. این «بر اساس» فیلم صحنههای جنگی خوبی داشت، اما همین - اجرای چیزهای جدید (صحنههای مذاکرات صلح و مناظرات بین سیاستمداران و افسران) تا حدی اهداف کتاب رمارکز (که بر غرغر و مردم عادی فقط در خانه). و بدون شک، برخی از بخشها برای من طولانی شد - در حالی که من فیلمهای اقتباسی سالهای 1930 و 1979 را با هیبت تماشا کردم - چند بار. به جرات می توانم بگویم که هر چیزی که فیلمنامه نویسان از کتاب جدید پیاده کرده یا تغییر داده اند، انحرافات پست و غیر ضروری است. همچنین - با وجود آن زمان طولانی - شخصیت ها به خوبی معرفی نشده اند، من به یکی از آنها اهمیت ندادم. موسیقی، امتیاز نیز بد است - آن هواپیماهای بدون سرنشین و موسیقی به خوبی با سناریوی داده شده مطابقت ندارند. نکته آخر: تمام آن منتقدانی که ادعا میکنند این بهترین فیلم جنگ جهانی اول است، مطمئناً آن فیلمهای اقتباسی دیگر یا به عنوان مثال را نمیدانند. مسیرهای شکوه کوبریک. به هر حال، برای تولید نتفلیکس بد نیست اما مطمئناً هیچ چیز قابل توجهی نیست.
این به طور دقیق اقتباسی از کلاسیک اریش ماریا رمارک نیست. چند اتفاق کوچک از رمان گنجانده شده است، اما بزرگترین سهم رمارک در در جبهه غرب خبری نیست عنوان است. با توجه به پایان فیلم (برخلاف کتاب)، عنوان تا حدی گمراه کننده است، اما آنقدر کلاسیک است که تصمیم سازندگان فیلم کاملاً قابل درک است.
این یک مطالعه بی رحمانه و سازش ناپذیر است. واقعیت های جنگ این واقعیت که جنگ به تصویر کشیده شده بیش از صد سال پیش رخ داده است، آن را کم اهمیت نمی کند. میتوان آن را امروز در اوکراین نمایش داد و سربازان هر دو طرف متوجه خواهند شد.
پیام ضدجنگ فیلم نیز بسیار جدید نیست. با این حال، این پیامی است که باید بارها و بارها تکرار شود، تا زمانی که (شاید) تعداد زیادی از مردم آن را جدی بگیرند.
صحنه های نبرد به طرز وحشتناکی احشایی هستند - احتمالاً بهترین در نوع خود از زمان افتتاحیه نجات سرباز رایان.
تاریخ هر جنگی توسط برندگان نوشته میشود، اما این مانع از آن نمیشود که آنها یک تراژدی برای غرغرهای فقیر در طرف بازنده نیز باشند.
در اصل عالی دهه 1930، جنگ به ندرت بهتر از این خلاصه میشود: «مرگ برای کشورت کثیف و دردناک است، وقتی نوبت به جان باختن برای کشورت میشود، بهتر است اصلاً نمرد. میلیونها نفر در آنجا هستند که برای کشورشان میمیرند، و چه فایدهای دارد؟'.
این بیانیهای است که امروز نیز به همین خوبی اعمال میشود، و با این قطعه فیلمسازی برجسته نیز تحسین میشود، که ترک میکند. ما هیچ توهمی از غیرانسانی بودن انسان نسبت به انسان نداریم. اجراها واقعاً باورنکردنی هستند، دستاوردهای فنی بازآفرینی صحنههای جنگ فوقالعاده است، و پیامهایی به روشنی در مورد بیهودگی نبرد مسلحانه و ناتوانی نژاد بشر در آموختن درسهای آن - حتی تا به امروز - واضح است. واقعاً فیلمی نیست که از آن لذت ببریم، اما مطمئناً فیلمی برای تأمل در مورد اینکه چقدر
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i.
Enstitü: Bir üniversiteye bağlı veya bağımsız bir kuruluş olarak genellikle araştırma yapan ve bazı durumlarda öğretime de yer veren eğitim kurumu.
Yönetim Kurulu: Başta yönetmen, yönetmen başyardımcısı ve öteki yardımcılar olmak üzere bir eğitim kurumunun yönetim sorumluluğunu taşıyan kimselerden oluşan kurul.L'America's Cup alle Bermuda 02.12.14-12-23:25:59
Il defender Oracle Team Usa ha deciso, la prossima sfida della competizione velica più antica e prestigiosa al mondo si disputerà a Hamilton, capitale di Bermuda, nel giugno 2017. I pretendenti al momento sono cinque: Luna Rossa Challenge, Artemis Racing, Ben Ainsle Racing, Team France e l'immancabile Emirates Team New Zealand. Anche la 35esima edizione vedrà in acqua catamarani a vela rigida.This data set provides flux measurements of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) from surface waters to the atmosphere. It also provides CH4, CO2, and oxygen (O2) concentrations of surface water, and concentrations measured at several depths of the Balbina Reservoir in the central Amazon Basin, Amazonas, Brazil. The Balbina Reservoir was formed by impounding the Uatuma River in 1987.
Reservoir surface water samples, bottom water samples, and gas samples from static flux enclosures were collected at 10 to 14 sites at monthly intervals between April and November of 2005, and 6 times in February, 2006. Water samples to determine the vertical profiles of temperature, dissolved O2, CH4, and CO2 were collected during the rainy and dry seasons immediately above dam between September 2004 and February 2006. Water samples were collected downstream from the dam from July 2004 to November 2005 for analysis of CH4 and CO2 concentrations.
There are three comma-delimited data files with this data set.
Figure 1. Balbina Reservoir showing location of the dam and reservoir sampling points (solid circles). From Kemenes et al., 2011.
Cite this data set as follows:
Kemenes, A., B.R. Forsberg, and J.M. Melack. 2013. LBA-ECO LC-07 Methane and Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Balbina Reservoir, Brazil. Data set. Available on-line [http://daac.ornl.gov] from Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. http://dx.doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1143
The LBA Data and Publication Policy [http://daac.ornl.gov/LBA/lba_data_policy.html] is in effect for a period of five (5) years from the date of archiving and should be followed by data users who have obtained LBA data sets from the ORNL DAAC. Users who download LBA data in the five years after data have been archived must contact the investigators who collected the data, per provisions 6 and 7 in the Policy.
This data set was archived in February of 2013. Users who download the data between February 2013 and January 2018 must comply with the LBA Data and Publication Policy.
Data users should use the Investigator contact information in this document to communicate with the data provider.
Data users should use the Data Set Citation and other applicable references provided in this document to acknowledge use of the data.
Project: LBA (Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in the Amazon)
LBA Science Component: Land Use and Land Cover
Team ID: LC-07 (Melack / Novo / Forsberg)
The investigators were Forsberg, Bruce R; Melack, John M.; Novo, Evlyn ; Affonso, Adriana Gomes; Albuquerque, Paulo C Gurgel; Alcantara, Enner Herenio; Alsdorf, Douglas; Arruda, Warey de Costa ; Barbosa, Claudio ; Belger, Lauren ; Carvalho, Joao Carlos; Castellari, Sueli Pissarra; Correa, Denival Silva ; Correia, Antonio; Costa, Maycira ; da Costa Freitas, Corina ; Dutra, Luciano Vieira; Elmiro, Marcos Timbo; Filho, Waterloo Pereira; Franca, Andreia Maria Silva; Freitas, Ramon Morais; Frickmann, Fernando Cruz ; Gama, Fabio Furlan; Gastil-Buhl, Mary ; Goncalves, Fabio Guimaraes; Hess, Laura Lorraine; Jardim-Lima, Dayson Jose; Kemenes, Alexandre ; Kilham, Nina ; Kramer, Marc Gerald; Lima, Ivan Bergier Tavares de; Londe, Luciana de Resende; Marshall, Bruce Gavin; Mertes, Leal ; Mura, Jose Claudio; Rudorff, Conrado de Moraes; Sant'Anna, Sidnei J.S.; Santos, Claudia Cristina dos; Santos, Joao Roberto dos; Shimabukuro, Yosio Edemir; Silva, Claudio Roberto; Silva, Thiago Sanna Freire; Titoneli, Fernanda and Vasconcelos, Cintia Honorio . You may contact Kemenes, Alexandre ([email protected]).
LBA Data Set Inventory ID: LC07_Reservoir_GHG
This data set provides flux measurements of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) from surface waters to the atmosphere. It also provides CH4, CO2, and oxygen (O2) concentrations of surface water, and and concentrations measured at several depths of the Balbina Reservoir in the central Amazon Basin, Amazonas, Brazil.
Reservoir surface water samples, bottom water samples, and gas samples from static flux enclosures were collected at 10 to 14 sites at monthly intervals between April and November of 2005, and 6 times in February, 2006. Water samples to determine the vertical profiles of temperature, dissolved O2, CH4, and CO2 were collected during the rainy and dry seasons immediately above dam between September of 2004 and February of 2006. Water samples were collected downstream from the dam from July 2004 to November 2005 for analysis of CH4 and CO2 concentrations.
Data are available in 3 comma separated ASCII files:
File #1: LC07_Reservoir_gas_measurements.csv
File #2: LC07_Depth_profiles_gas_measurements.csv
File #3: LC07_Downstream_gas_measurements.csv
Data are organized as follows:
File #1: LC07_Reservoir_gas_measurements.csv
|2||Latitude||decimal degrees S||Location of sample collection in degrees latitude south of the equator|
|3||Longitude||decimal degrees W||Location of sample collection in degrees longitude west of the prime meridian|
|4||Habitat||Habitat type: AA = open water; FPI = slightly inundated dead forest; FI = moderately inundated dead forest; FMI = very inundated dead forest; FQS = nearly submerged dead forest|
|5||Conc_CO2_surface||mgC/m3||Concentration of carbon dioxide in the surface waters reported in milligrams of carbon per cubic meter of water|
|6||Conc_CH4_surface||mgC/m3||Concentration of methane in the surface waters reported in milligrams of carbon per cubic meter of water|
|7||Conc_CO2_bottom||mgC/m3||Concentration of carbon dioxide in the bottom waters reported in milligrams of carbon per cubic meter of water|
|8||Conc_CH4_bottom||mgC/m3||Concentration of methane in the bottom waters reported in milligrams of carbon per cubic meter of water|
|9||Flux_CH4_funnel||mgC/m2/day||Flux of methane measured using a funnel and reported in milligrams of carbon per meter squared of surface area per day|
|10||Flux_CO2_funnel||mgC/m2/day||Flux of carbon dioxide measured using a funnel and reported in milligrams of carbon per meter squared of surface area per day|
|11||Flux_CH4_total||mgC/m2/day||Total flux of methane calculated from static chamber measurements|
|12||Flux_CO2_total||mgC/m2/day||Total flux of carbon dioxide calculated from static chamber measurements|
|13||flux_CH4_diffusive||mgC/m2/day||Diffusive flux of methane calculated by subtracting measured funnel fluxes (Column 9) from the calculated total flux value (Column 11)|
|14||Flux_CO2_diffusive||mgC/m2/day||Diffusive flux of carbon dioxide calculated by subtracting measured funnel fluxes (Column 10) from the calculated total flux value (Column 12)|
|15||Conc_O2_surface||mg/L||Concentration of oxygen in surface waters reported in milligrams of oxygen per liter of water|
|16||Conc_O2_bottom||mg/L||Concentration of oxygen in bottom waters reported in milligrams of oxygen per liter of water|
|17||T_water_surface||degrees C||Water temperature at the surface reported in degrees Celsius|
|18||T_water_bottom||degrees C||Water temperature at the bottom reported in degrees Celsius|
|19||Depth_water||m||Depth to the bottom of the reservoir reported in meters|
|20||Transparency||m||Secchi depth transparency reported in meters|
Example data for file #1:
File #2: LC07_Depth_profiles_gas_measurements.csv
|2||Depth||m||Depth in the water column at which sample was collected reported in meters (m): AR indicates a gas sample for which depth is not applicable|
|3||Conc_CH4||mgC/m3||Concentration of methane in water sample reported in milligrams of carbon per cubic meter|
|4||Conc_CO2||mgC/m3||Concentration of carbon dioxide in water sample reported in milligrams of carbon per cubic meter|
|5||Conc_O2||mg/L||Concentration of oxygen in water sample reported in milligrams of oxygen per liter|
|6||T_water||degrees C||Water temperature reported in degrees Celsius|
|Missing data are represented by -9999|
Example data for file #2:
Date,Depth,Conc_CH4,Conc_CO2 ,Conc_O2 ,T_water|
File #3: File name: LC07_Downstream_gas_measurements.csv
|2||Distance_downstream||m||Sampling location in meters downstream from the dam|
|3||Conc_CO2_surface||mgC/m3||Concentration of carbon dioxide in the surface water reported in milligrams of carbon per cubic meter|
|4||Conc_CH4_surface||mgC/m3||Concentration of methane in the surface water reported in milligrams of carbon per cubic meter|
|5||Flux_CH4||mgC/m2/hour||Flux of methane from the surface water to the atmosphere reported in milligrams of carbon per meter squared per hour|
|6||Flux_CO2||mgC/m2/hour||Flux of carbon dioxide from the surface water to the atmosphere reported in milligrams of carbon per meter squared per hour|
|7||Conc_O2_surface||mg/L||Concentration of oxygen in the surface water reported in milligrams of oxygen per liter|
|Missing data are represented as -9999|
Example data for file #3:
Day,Distance_downstream ,Conc_CO2_surface,Conc_CH4_surface,Flux_CH4 ,Flux_CO2,Conc_O2_surface
Site boundaries: (All latitude and longitude given in degrees and fractions)
|Site (Region)||Westernmost Longitude||Easternmost Longitude||Northernmost Latitude||Southernmost Latitude||Geodetic Datum|
|Amazonas (Manaus) - Balbina (Amazonas (Manaus))||-60.74131||-59.16711||-0.85903||-1.98403||World Geodetic System, 1984 (WGS-84)|
Platform/Sensor/Parameters measured include:
Measured fluxes can be combined with estimates of surface area of the flooded zone as well as modeled depth of the waterways to calculate methane and carbon dioxide emissions on a monthly to yearly basis.
For CO2, standards of 335 mg per L (SD = 105) and 995 mg per L (SD = 104) were used to calibrate the analyses. The detection limit was 100 mg per L.
Chamber emissions for each deployment were estimated from the regression of CO2 concentration against time. All regressions had r2 > 0.90, indicating that emissions were predominantly diffusive.
Balbina reservoir, the largest hydroelectric reservoir in the Amazon, was formed by impounding the Uatuma River in 1987. It has an average flooded area of 1,770 km2 and an installed generating capacity of 250 MW (Fearnside, 1989; Kemenes, 2006). The waters are dilute (conductance varying from 6 to 10 uS per cm) and slightly acid (pH varying from 6.0 to 7.4) with a dissolved organic carbon concentration ranging from 2.7 to 7.1 mg per L. The reservoir is stratified near the dam resulting in the development of near anoxia and high concentrations of CH4 in bottom waters through most of the year (Kemenes et al., 2007).
Sampling at the Reservoir
Reservoir surface water samples, bottom water samples, and gas emission samples were collected at 10 to 14 sites at monthly intervals between April and November 2005, and six times in February, 2006.
Sampling Downstream from the Reservoir
Surface water samples below the dam were collected directly with 60 ml syringes between July 2004 and November 2005. Water samples in syringes were equilibrated with atmospheric air (30 ml water: 30 ml air), and the air faction was then transferred to a serum vial and stored until analysis.
Methane and Carbon Dioxide Analysis
Dissolved CH4 concentrations were estimated with the head space method (Johnson et al., 1990).
CH4 and CO2 concentrations in all water samples were determined using a dual column gas chromatograph (Shimadzu GC-14A) following the methodology of Hamilton et al. (1995).
Methane and Carbon Dioxide Emissions
Average areal emission rates (mg C per m2 per day) were determined monthly and interpolated spatially and temporally using a digital inundation model derived from a detailed bathymetric map of the reservoir and daily stage readings.
Daily emissions for the entire reservoir were obtained by multiplying the total flooded area, estimated from the inundation model for a given day, by the average monthly areal emission rate.
Emissions of CH4 downstream of Balbina reservoir in the central Amazon basin (Brazil) were calculated from regular measurements of degassing in the outflow of the turbines and downstream diffusive losses. Gas releases immediately below the dam were calculated as the difference between gas flux at the entrance and the outflow of the hydroelectric turbines. An inundation model derived from a bathymetric map and daily stage readings was used for spatial and temporal interpolation of reservoir emissions.
This data is available through the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC).
Contact for Data Center Access Information:
Telephone: +1 (865) 241-3952
Fearnside, P. M. (1989), Brazil's Balbina Dam: Environmental versus the legacy of the Pharaohs in Amazonia, Environ. Manage. N. Y., 13, 401-423.
Hamilton, S. K., S. J. Sippel, and J. M. Melack (1995), Oxygen depletion, carbon dioxide and methane production in waters of Pantanal wetland of Brazil, Biogeochemistry, 30, 115-141.
Johnson, K. M., J. E. Hughes, P. L. Donaghay, and J. M. Sieburth (1990), Bottle-calibration static head space method for determination of methane dissolved in seawater, Anal. Chem., 62, 2408-2412.
Kemenes, A., B. R. Forsberg, and J. M. Melack (2007), Methane release below a tropical hydroelectric dam, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L12809, doi:10.1029/2007GL029479.
Kemenes, A. (2006), Emissao de metano e gas carbonico pela Hidreletrica de Balbina, Ph.D. thesis, 98 pp., Inst. Nac. de Pesqui. da Amazonia, Manaus, Brazil.Rimmel London Brow This Way Brow Shake Powder 003
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�翔一样，罗伯斯也是年少成名。2008年，他先是在俄斯特拉发跑出12秒87，打破了由刘翔保持的12秒88的世界纪录，同年在“鸟巢”几乎无竞争压力的情况下，古巴小子以12秒93轻松夺冠，达到自己职业生涯的巅峰。然而与飞快的成名速度相对应，罗伯斯的挫折也来得如此之快，几乎是在达到巅峰之后，罗伯斯的职业生涯就急转直下了，2008年底，他因为左脚踝不适退出了世界田联总决赛，自此开始了与伤病漫长的斗争之路。
2009年法国列文室内赛左大腿受伤，柏林世锦赛出战但又因伤病原因未能完赛，甚至最后不得不在工作人员搀扶下才能离开赛场。2010年罗伯斯状态虽有复苏，但也并未能够持续太久，2011年大邱世锦赛和刘翔闹出一个“拉手门”后便再次销声匿迹。2012年奥运大年，年初他的脚筋和小腿便接连出现问题，在国内比赛中居然不可思议的输给了90后小将奥尔特加，这一切都在宣告着罗伯斯竞技状态的下滑。
事实上，罗伯斯已经四年没有跑进13秒，60米栏也有两年没有进入7秒50，这样的数据已经不能称得上是一位短跨巨星。早在赛前，罗伯斯就表示自己可能会在伦敦奥运会后退役，虽然他还不到26岁。
专家说法
110米栏比其他项目更易受伤
就110米栏的“名将之殇”问题，记者请教了南方医科大学南方医院创伤骨科专家胡稷杰博士，胡博士认为，频繁受伤跟110米栏的项目特点有很大的关系，这也导致在这个项目想要保持长时间的高水平是不太可能的。
“每个人都有自己的优势肢体，就是惯用手和惯用脚，比如说有些人习惯用右脚起跳。你可以注意观察一下，刘翔每次起跳都是右脚，这就导致他右脚承受的力量要比左腿大得多，包括全身的重力，还有弹跳的力量，”胡博士解释道，“再加上长期高强度的训练，这样承受的强度就更大。他又不能停下训练，因为停下来就无法恢复到巅峰的状态，这决定他不可能下定决心进行彻底的治疗，这样肌腱就得不到休息。”
胡博士说，像此前提到的几位名将的肌肉拉伤、腹股沟拉伤等，其实和刘翔的伤一样，本质都是肌腱的过度牵拉。“就像体操要劈一字马，但110米栏又跟那种劈不太一样，因为是频繁的收缩拉伸，”胡博士说，“虽然肌腱弹性很好，但过于频繁拉伸都会导致断裂，而且这是不可逆的，根治也是不可能的。像刘翔的伤，我不知道他有没有打过封闭，如果有的话，对肌腱损伤更大。因为封闭其实就是打激素、麻药，这样肌腱就会发生变性，变脆，变得很容易断。”
同样是跑道上的项目，为何110米栏出现伤病的概率又比短跑、长跑之类的项目要高得多呢？归根结底还是项目特点的原因。“跑步属于均衡性的运动，每个腿受力比较均匀，你左脚迈出去一步，右脚也迈出去一步。不像跳高、篮球，还有我们今天说的110米栏，都是单脚起跳，属于不均匀受力，这就比较容易受伤。这跟项目特点有很大的关系，所以想在这个项目保持长久的高水平是不太可能的。”
Kanuni Sultan Süleyman'ın portresi Londra'da açık artırmada 350 bin sterline satıldı
İngiltere'de ünlü müzayede evi Sotheby's tarafından yapılan açık artırmada, Kanuni Sultan Süleyman'ın portresi 350 bin sterline (yaklaşık 4 milyon 20 bin liraya) satıldı. Bu fiyat üzerine müzayede evinin payı da eklenecek. Portreyi, telefondan açık artırmaya katılan bir kişi aldı. Alıcının kimliği açıklanmadı.
Portrenin 80-120 bin sterlin (110-165 bin dolar) arasında bir fiyata satılması öngörülüyordu.
Müzayedede Kanuni'nin kızı Mihrimah Sultan'ın da 17'nci yüzyılda yapılmış bir portresi de beklentinin çok üzerinde bir fiyata ulaştı ve 60 bin sterline satıldı.
19'uncu yüzyıldan bu yana Fransız bir aileye ait olduğu belirtilen portrenin 16'ncı yüzyılda, İtalyan ressam Cristofano Dell' Altissimo tarafından yapıldığı belirtiliyor.
Portrenin benzerlerinden farklı olarak bakır levha üzerine çizildiği açıklandı.
Kanuni'nin bu portresinde, onun bilinen diğer versiyonlardan daha canlı bir şekilde resmedildiği ve bu tasvirin, 1534'te İstanbul'a giden Venedik delegasyonunun bir üyesinin Kanuni tasvirine daha uygun olduğu ifade ediliyor:
"Siyah iri gözlü, zalim değil merhametli, yüzüne göre biraz fazla büyük kemer burunlu, uzun kızıl bıyıklı, sakalları traş yerine makasla kısa kesilmiş, uzun ince boyunlu."
43 yaşındaki hali
Portrenin, Sultan Süleyman'ın Irak'ı Sefevilerden aldığı, Preveze Deniz Savaşı'nda Papa ve müttefiklerine karşı zafer kazandığı zaman dilimine denk düştüğü, portrede Sultan Süleyman'ın 43 yaşında olduğunun düşünüldüğü aktarılıyor.
Müzayedede satılması planlanan "İslam Dünyası ve Hindistan Sanatları" başlıklı koleksiyonda, Suyolcuzade Mustafa Eyyubi'nin 1675'te kopyaladığı Kur'ân-ı Kerim sayfası, 10'uncu yüzyıla ait Kufi tarzda yazılmış Kur'ân-ı Kerim'in yanı sıra, Osmanlı Devleti dönemine ait çok sayıda kilim ve halı bulunduğu kaydedildi.
Geçen yıl Londra'da yapılan açık artırmada, İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi (İBB) Fatih Sultan Mehmet'in portresini 935 bin sterlin (yaklaşık 8 milyon lira) ödeyerek satın almıştı.
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How difficult is law school?
How hard is it to study? Studying in law school requires a different approach than studying in undergrad. The law is extensive, and you need a comprehensive, practical understanding of the materials. It’s going to take more than memorizing notes (which is often the approach for undergrad).
The transition is prone to be smoother because of a model new statute, simply signed into law. “My strategy as a new leader will actually be to spend a while getting to know the Northwestern Pritzker law community,” Osofsky said Tuesday. “Hearing the place they think issues are going nicely and the place they think there’s progress that wants to happen, and then working collaboratively with them to develop how we move ahead.” Civic involvement is a core worth of the Chicago workplace, and Mayer Brown legal professionals are encouraged to contribute. They serve on many of the metropolis’s most important cultural boards, together with those of the Chicago Council on Global Affairs, Commercial Club of Chicago, Art Institute of Chicago, Field Museum, Lyric Opera of Chicago, and Chicago Symphony Orchestra. With the ordinances being a result of a public health emergency, Wilson says they’re legal.辣番红花蛋黄酱麝香沙拉，黑橄榄，和烤辣椒这是一份用西班牙经典配料——贻贝做成的沙拉，藏红花，还有胡椒，处理方式稍微有些古怪。当所有贝类动物蒸煮时都会把汁放入烹饪液中，贻贝有自己的同盟。法国人虔诚地称他们的果汁为贻贝酒。把热气腾腾的肉汤煮到釉上作为热酱的基础是一项标准技术，但是这个食谱有点不寻常，因为贻贝釉口味冷蛋黄酱。早上六点以后随时都可以把它放在楼梯下的橱柜里。”““你以为我做到了！“威尔·特雷梅恩喊道。“我没有那么说，“宣布为牛肉。“我只是认为不在场证明在这个案件中没有任何好处。火灾发生时，纵火犯可能就在几英里之外。”““格雷尔！“威尔·特雷梅恩说。
烧大比目鱼，用一个大的不粘锅，用中火加热1汤匙油。用盐和胡椒调味鱼。将鱼柳每面煨约3分钟，应该是淡金色，但甚至没有接近熟透。转移到盘子里。三。把剩下的1汤匙植物油倒入锅中。““你以为我做到了！“威尔·特雷梅恩喊道。“我没有那么说，“宣布为牛肉。“我只是认为不在场证明在这个案件中没有任何好处。火灾发生时，纵火犯可能就在几英里之外。”““格雷尔！“威尔·特雷梅恩说。“他做到了！他总是恨我。
Keraal试图站直,但束缚不允许——手和脚之间的链长度迫使他预感。链慌乱的他开始动摇。Haruuc什么也没说,但只有用杖示意向树。Dagii接手Keraal的手臂,带着他站在石头树枝,Vanii旁边的棺材,然后拿回几个快速步骤。Keraal独处,抬头看着这棵树。李和石墙杰克逊骑他们的坐骑。战争持续了四年的血腥;这个将会结束,不管怎样,在几周内。战争却有一个共同点:都是关于所有人的权利是免费的。当他开车,他的广播新闻。有选举通常的废话,和一个故事关于一个登山运动员失去了两天,和------”三个男人与化学炸药藏在他们随身携带的行李今天被逮捕在伊斯坦布尔的阿塔图尔克国际机场登机前757年前往雅典,”男性新闻广播员说。”的男人,每个人都有很长的历史愤怒的在线帖子反对土耳其所谓的世俗的伊斯兰社会,被认为是计划炸毁飞机在飞行中。
6。当血橙浸泡，把土豆切成1英寸厚的薄片。把切片放在一个小平底锅里，用冷水盖上。每夸脱水加1茶匙盐。把土豆煮沸，煨至熟透，4到5分钟。排水。Webmind,”大会的礼仪官说到他的电话。”你想把一只猴子到联合国大会厅?””我回答说,”流浪汉不是猴子,郑大世小姐;他是一个
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hareket biyomekaniğini analiz etmek için kullanılır. Ek olarak, öğrencilerin çok çeşitli endüstri tesislerine maruz kalmasını sağlamak için yerel uzman tesisleri kullanıyoruz.
Richmond Evi Spor Salonu
Bu, aynı zamanda öğretim amaçlı kullanılan ticari bir spor salonu. Burada, öğrenciler çeşitli indüksiyonlar yapmanın yanı sıra egzersiz indüksiyonu ve uygulaması hakkında daha fazla bilgi edineceklerdir.
İnsan Performans Laboratuvarı
İnsan Performans Laboratuvarı lisans eğitimi, araştırma projeleri için veri toplama ve spor ve egzersiz danışmanlığı için kullanılır.
Spor Yaralanmaları / Masaj Klinikleri
Üniversite Spor Terapisi öğrencilerinin profesyonel sporculara, öğrencilere ve halkın üyelerine çeşitli hizmetler sundukları iki Spor Yaralanma / Masaj Kliniği vardır. Öğrenciler kas-iskelet sistemi yaralanmaları olan hastaları değerlendirmek ve tedavi etmek ve masaj ve rehabilitasyon kursları gibi hizmetler vermek için eğitilirler.
Kick-Start Şeması
Tam zamanlı, lisans veya PGCE kursuna devam eden, en yüksek oranda (£ 9,250) ücret ödeyen ve Ev, AB veya Kanal Adaları'ndaki öğrenci statüsüne sahip tüm yeni öğrenciler, Kick-Start ile yılda 300 £ almaya hak kazanırlar. Şema. Bu fonların çalışmalarınızı ve gelecekteki kariyerinizi nasıl destekleyebileceği hakkında daha fazla bilgi edinmek ve yıllık 500 £ ek almaya uygun olup olmadığınızı öğrenmek için Kick-Start SSS'lerini ziyaret edin.
Açık günler
Açık günlerimiz, UCB ve çalışmak istediğiniz alanlar hakkında size mümkün olduğunca çok bilgi vermek üzere tasarlanmıştır. Gelin, size günde bir teklifte bulunabiliriz.
Program içeriği
Yıl 1
- Akademik Gelişim
- Güç ve İklimlendirme için Anatomi
- Egzersiz Fizyolojisi
- Beslenme İlkeleri
- Pratik Güç ve Koşullandırma Prensipleri I
- Pratik Güç ve Koşullandırma İlkeleri II
2. yıl
- Alan Bazlı Klima
- Yaralanma Önleme ve Rehabilitasyon
- Spor Araştırması
- Spor Biyomekaniği
- Spor Beslenmesi
Seçenekler:
- Yaratıcı İşletme Teşebbüsü
- Gönüllü Girişim
- Sağlık, Zindelik ve Refah
- Atletik Hareket Analizi
3. yıl
- Uygulanan Güç ve Koşullandırma
- Performans için Beslenme
- Spor Projesi
- Sporda İşe Dayalı Öğrenme
lütfen aklınızda bulundurun
Bu kurs için web sitesinde listelenen modüller, en son öğretim yöntemlerinin yanı sıra endüstri tarafından da güncellenmelerini ve bilgilendirilmelerini sağlamak için düzenli olarak gözden geçirilir. Aksi belirtilmedikçe, bu ders için yukarıda listelenen modüller 2019/20 akademik yılına başlayan öğrenciler içindir. Bazen, modüllerde beklenmeyen değişiklikler yapmamız gerekebilir ve bu olursa, en kısa sürede tüm teklif sahipleriyle iletişim kuracağız.
Öğrenim ücretleri
- İngiltere / AB - 9,250 Sterlin. İlk yüksek öğrenim kalifikasyonunuzu okuyan bir İngiliz veya AB öğrencisiyseniz, Öğrenci Kredileri Şirketinden bir öğrenim ücreti kredisine başvurabilirsiniz. Kurstan çıkana ve yılda 25.000 £ 'a kadar kazanana kadar bu krediyi geri ödemeye başlamayacaksınız.
- AB üyesi değil - £ 10,300
derece
BSc (Hons) Güç, Koşullandırma ve Sporcu Beslenmesi
Çalışmalarına devam
istihdam
Bu kursu başarıyla tamamladıktan sonra, egzersiz, sağlık ve sağlık sektöründeki çok çeşitli alanlara geçebileceksiniz.
Bu derece ile mezun olmak size bir kariyer yapmanıza olanak sağlayacaktır:
- Güçlendirme ve Koşullandırma (İngiltere Güç ve Koşullandırma Derneği akreditasyonuna hazırlık hazırlık kursa dahil edilir)
- Fitness endüstrisi
- Serbest meslek - işletme sahibi
- Kişisel Gelişim
- Spor Diyetisyeni
- Sakatlanma önleme
UCB @ işe
hired @ UCB, istihdam edilebilirliği ve işletme becerilerini geliştirme ve gösterme fırsatları hakkında bilgi, tavsiye ve rehberlik için tek bir referans noktası sağlamak üzere tasarlanmış öğrenci ve mezun destek hizmetidir.
Summer Row kampüsümüzün 7. katına dayanan hired @ UCB ekibi, aşağıdaki konularda bilgi ve deneyim sahibi uzman ve kalifiye personelden oluşmaktadır:
- Kariyer tavsiyesi ve rehberliği
- Yerleşimler, iş deneyimi ve gönüllülük
- İşveren katılımı
- Yarı zamanlı ve mevsimlik iş
- Staj ve çıraklık
- Lisansüstü programlar ve mezunlar destek
- Unitemps - UCB'nin işe alım ajansı
Bilgi talebi
#Enstitu#
Birmingham Üniversitesi
İngiltere'nin en büyük bölgesel şehrinin merkezinde yer alan University College Birmingham (UCB) , kariyer odaklı eğitim ve öğretim sağlamak için işverenler ve endüstri tarafından büyük saygı görüyor. UCB, artan Çıraklık portföyüyle birlikte, Yüksek Öğrenim ve İleri Eğitim sektörlerindeki mesleki kurslarda...
Neden University College Birmingham eğitim University College Birmingham
Neden bizi seçmelisiniz?
Kolej veya üniversite seçiminiz kariyerinizi şekillendirmede ve hedeflerinizi yerine getirmede önemli bir rol oynayacaktır.
Sizin için doğru olan ve mutlu olacağınız bir yer seçmeniz çok önemlidir. Hedeflerinize ulaşmanıza yardımcı olacak bir üniversite olması gerekiyor; güvenebileceğiniz bir yer.
Peki neden University College Birmingham'ı seçmelisiniz? Nereden başlayalım…?
Bilmeniz gereken ilk şey, UCB'nin İngiltere'nin en büyük bölgesel kentinin kalbinde yer alan kompakt ve uzman bir kurum olmasıdır. Birmingham, Londra'nın şişirilmiş fiyat etiketi olmadan büyük bir şehirde çıldırıyor.
Üniversite, çoğu Birmingham Üniversitesi tarafından akredite edilmiş mesleki kurslarda büyük, akademik teoriyi modern işyeri becerileri ile ilişkilendirmede büyük. Aynı zamanda senin için de büyük. Büyüklüğümüz ve öğretim felsefemiz, her bir öğrenciye odaklanmamız anlamına gelir. Birmingham College College'da asla kalabalıkta yüz olmayacaksınız.
Hakkında Güç, Koşullandırma ve Sporcu Beslenmesi daha fazla bilgi edinmek ister misiniz? Aşağıdaki formu doldurun ve biz cevap verecektir okul bir temsilci için bilgilerinizi geçmek gerekir.
hiç görüş mevcut.
İPad kazanın!
Anketimize katılın ve çalışmalarınız için yepyeni bir iPad kazanın! Yanıtınız, gelecekteki öğrencilerin yurtdışındaki mükemmel çalışma fırsatlarını bulmalarına yardımcı olacaktır.
Kariyer testi - mükemmel kariyerinizi bulun
İlgi alanlarınıza ve kişiliğinize dayanan programlar ve kariyerlerle eşleşen ücretsiz kariyer testimize katılın.Copyright © 2001 The International Herald Tribune | www.iht.com
IHT EXCLUSIVE Flying on Top of the World: A Radiation Risk
Thomas Crampton International Herald Tribune
Wednesday, May 23, 2001
HONG KONG Passengers and crew members flying on the recently inaugurated North Pole route between New York and Hong Kong are exposed to unusually high levels of cosmic and solar radiation, according to international experts, provoking concern among airline unions and scientists.
Passengers taking five round trips on the nonstop route could exceed maximum recommended levels for annual radiation doses that are set for the general population by the European Union and the Stockholm-based International Commission on Radiological Protection, according to three scientists who have studied the issue individually.
"A frequent flying executive who recently became pregnant should really think twice about flying this polar route," said Ian McAulay, a professor of experimental physics at Trinity College in Dublin, who helped draft the European Union's guidelines for in-flight radiation. "It would also be very useful for all frequent fliers to be informed about the risks."
The two airlines already using the transpolar route, which was inaugurated in March, have each rerouted at least two flights to more southerly paths to reduce radiation exposure. One, Continental Airlines, cited concern over passengers' health as the primary reason. The other, United Airlines, said it had acted to limit radio interference from solar radiation.
Any air travel involves greater exposure to cosmic and solar radiation than staying on the ground. That is because the air is thinner at high altitudes and provides less protection against the radiation that constantly bombards Earth from space.
The New York-Hong Kong flights involve even more exposure, scientists say, in large part because of higher radiation levels resulting from the magnetic attraction that the North Pole exerts on charged radioactive particles from space.
Continental, United and Cathay Pacific Airways, which plans to inaugurate its route in September, acknowledge that passengers on the route are subject to higher radiation exposure. But they say the health risk is very small.
"Under normal conditions, I do not think there is any greater health risk flying this route than any other route," said Gene Cameron, manager of international dispatch for United Airlines.
He added, however, that, during major solar storms, which produce flares releasing large radiation bursts, "I think we would have to relook at it, because you are getting more radiation than you would normally be subjected to."
Scientists and airline employees unions, who have raised the issue in the past, have expressed concern, especially for pregnant women and frequent travelers.
"The way they operate this transpolar route yet again demonstrates the airlines' consistent disregard for the health and comfort of passengers and crew," said Shane Enright, spokesman for the International Transport Workers' Federation Civil Aviation Section, which represents 600,000 aviation workers at almost every major airline and airport in the world. "At the very least, the airlines should inform pregnant passengers and frequent fliers of the radiation risks associated with the route."
A pilot from one airline who requested anonymity said that captains had recently started insisting on flying at lower than optimal flight altitudes along this and other routes to avoid excess radiation exposure.
Robert Barish, a New York health physicist who specializes in studying in-flight radiation and has written a book on the subject, reckons that the dosage received during each flight along the transpolar route is equivalent to three chest X-rays and may be significantly increased by solar flare radiation.
A standard one-way trans-Atlantic flight between New York and London exposes fliers to the equivalent of less than two chest X-rays, Mr. Barish said.
With the Hong Kong-New York flight prominently promoted on buses and billboards in Hong Kong, some investment bankers already fly the route several times a month. Both airlines now operating the route say their customers include a high proportion of business and first-class frequent fliers.
"It is these frequent flying elite business travelers and crew who should be informed of the increased dosage of radiation on this route," said Martha Waters, a research scientist at the U.S. government's Centers for Disease Control. "The occasional flying general public need not be too concerned on this issue."
The dose of in-flight radiation for each one way transpolar flight from New York to Hong Kong could reach 0.10 millisievert, a standard measure of radiation exposure, even without additional radiation from a solar flare, according to calculations made by Ms. Waters using the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration's CARI-6 computer program.
According to Ms. Water's calculations, a passenger taking no other flights than one return trip on the route every other month could surpass the maximum dosage guideline of one millisievert per year set for the general public by the EU and the Radiological Protection agency.
Calculating separately and independently, Mr. McAulay and Mr. Barish affirmed that radiation from five round-trip flights could surpass the threshold of one millisievert.
United and Continental declined to provide their own estimates for exposure to cosmic radiation along the route.
While the annual exposure threshold of one millisievert has no particular radiobiological significance, it was set up by the International Commission on Radiological Protection to develop practical restrictions on public exposure to radiation. Dosage limits for those exposed to occupational radiation in the course of their work, such as nuclear power plant workers, are set at 20 times that level in Europe and 50 times that level in the United States.
Heavy doses of radiation can cause damage to a developing fetus, provoke cancer or produce genetic mutations in human egg and sperm cells. In addition, the neutron-intensive radiation experienced in flight is more damaging to cell structure than X-rays, Ms. Waters said.
A European directive on in-flight radiation, which took effect in May 2000, requires airlines to track radiation dosages received by air crew members and to inform them when they breach the level of one millisievert.
Crew members are then temporarily rescheduled to fly on shorter, lower-radiation routes. On declaration of pregnancy, a crew member must immediately switch to low-exposure flights, and some European airlines go further and ground expectant mothers until after maternity leave.
The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration recommends that airlines inform their flight crews of the risks associated with long-haul flights at high latitudes.
Mr. McAulay said, "The radiation on one flight may not be an immediate health hazard but it is important that air captains, first officers and frequent travelers know about the risks.
The airlines flying the North Pole route said they do not inform passengers of the increased cosmic radiation risks. But they said they take precautionary measures, such as monitoring for solar storms.
Sarah Anthony, a spokeswoman for Continental Airlines, said: "Our job is to operate the flight, so we cannot advise people on medical needs. That is not what we do. That is not our business."
United Airlines said: "Though health risks associated with exposures to higher levels of cosmic radiation are very small, pregnant women who are planning to travel on long-haul flights should be informed on the issue."
Referring to the instances when Continental and United rerouted flights to avoid unusually high levels of radiation, spokesmen for the airlines said they did not know what the captains had told passengers about the reason for the change.
Cathay Pacific said it has joined a group set up by Hong Kong's civil aviation authorities specifically to control exposure to in-flight cosmic radiation.
Research into the radiation risks of long-haul, high- altitude flights remains in its infancy, but several cancer studies among pilots have found increases in certain cancers often associated with radiation.
A 1996 paper published in the American Journal of Epidemiology found a higher incidence of myeloid leukemia, astrocytoma, prostate cancer and malignant melanoma among 2,740 Air Canada pilots than in the general population.
One study of female flight attendants in Finland and Denmark found an increased rate of breast cancer.
Anecdotal reports of high rates of miscarriage and menstrual disorders among flight attendants have prompted the U.S. government's Centers for Disease Control to start a broad-based study on the impact of in-flight radiation due for completion this year. Another large-scale study, on cancer rates among flight crews, will be completed this summer by the Radiation Protection Commission in Germany. Early reports of preliminary findings suggest that flight attendants have breast cancer rates twice those of the general population and that their skin cancer rates may be 15 times as high.
Copyright © 2001 The International Herald Tribune哪些情况会触发熔断机制启动？美股熔断机制分为几个档级？
今年的疫情影响颇大，金融市场也不能豁免，因为国内市场控制得当，A股的影响还是小些，但是美股影响还是很大的。在上半年的时候美股几次暴跌都导致了熔断机制启动。那么美股期货熔断机制是什么?
所谓熔断机制，指的是基于参考价格的一系列价格波动限制。简单来说，就是当股市跌到一定幅度之后，市场自动停止交易一段时间，可能是几分钟，也可能是全天交易就此终止。这样做的主要目的就是，防范恐慌情绪进一步扩散，给市场带来更大的冲击。
以交易规则为准，熔断机制在美国交易时间内共分三个档级：第一级是涨跌达7%时，第二级是涨跌幅达13%时，第三级是涨跌幅达20%时。
如果触发一级、二级市场熔断，且时间是在美东时间9:30-15:25(含)之间，全市场所有股票暂停交易15分钟;如果是美东时间15:25之后，则不暂停交易;如果该交易日为半天交易，则时间分界点为12:25。而当触发三级市场熔断，全市场停止交易，直至下个交易日开盘。
当美股二级市场开盘后，标普500指数跌幅达到7
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Saoudi think there are a couple possible explanations for the link between excessive Coke consumption and low potassium levels in the bloodstream. The sugary high fructose corn syrup in cola may keep a person’s gut from absorbing water, leading to diarrhea that flushes potassium out of the body (literally).
Another problem stems from the caffeine content of the soda, which the researchers say might affect the loop of Henle, a portion of the kidney that reabsorbs potassium and other ions from a person’s urine. The caffeine may reduce the amount of potassium taken up by the loop of Henle.
Low potassium levels, in turn, affect the heart through the ion channels that help regulate a person’s heart rate. These channels are pores in a cell’s membrane that allow potassium ions to move in and out of cells, a key part of the mechanism that allows electrical signals to travel from cell to cell. Without proper potassium levels in the blood, the electrical current that powers heart muscle is compromised and the heart can’t beat normally.
"One of the take home messages is that cardiologists need to be aware of the connection between cola consumption and potassium loss, and should ask patients found to have QT prolongation about beverage habits," Zarqane said in a statement.Oltre che in funzione del tipo di responsabilità che i soci si assumono, le società possono essere classificate sotto altri aspetti.
1. Secondo lo scopo. In base allo scopo si distinguono società lucrative e società mutualistiche: le prime si ripropongono di conseguire un lucro da ripartire fra i soci; le seconde, invece, mirano a svolgere un'attività a favore dei soci stessi riducendo il costo dei beni e dei servizi che interessano loro (ad es. cooperative di consumo) o procurando un aumento delle possibilità di lavoro e di retribuzione (cooperative di lavoro).Le società lucrative sono anche dette società a capitale fisso perché la variazione del capitale sociale costituisce una modifica del contratto di società (o atto costitutivo), contrariamente a quanto accade nelle società mutualistiche, che si dicono anche società a capitale variabile.
2. Secondo la struttura. In rapporto alla struttura si hanno società dotate di autonomia patrimoniale (società in nome collettivo e in accomandita semplice) e società dotate di personalità giuridica (società per azioni, in accomandita per azioni, a responsabilità limitata, cooperative e mutue assicuratrici).
3. Secondo l'attività svolta. Sotto questo aspetto, si distinguono società commerciali e società non commerciali.Senza addentrarci nei particolari di specifico carattere giuridico, precisiamo che, secondo l'articolo 2249 del Codice Civile, le società che hanno per oggetto l'esercizio di un'attività commerciale, cioè:
- un'attività industriale di produzione di beni e servizi;
- un'attività mercantile;
- un'attività di trasporto;
- un'attività bancaria o assicurativa;
- altre attività ausiliarie alle precedenti;
devono costituirsi come società commerciali, ossia secondo uno dei seguenti tipi sociali:
Per l'esercizio di attività “non commerciali” (ad esempio, un'attività artigianale, un'attività agricola, un'attività di libera professione intellettuale) è prevista invece la società semplice, a meno che i soci non vogliano espressamente costituire una delle società sopra indicate.
Perciò l'esercizio in comune di attività commerciali richiede necessariamente l'istituzione di una società commerciale; mentre l'esercizio in comune di attività non commerciali dà luogo di norma alla costituzione di una società semplice, ma nulla vieta che i soci decidano di fare ricorso a una società commerciale (ad esempio, è noto che le società di calcio della massima divisione, pur non svolgendo un'attività qualificabile come “commerciale”, hanno la forma giuridica di S.p.A.).Credit cards and debit cards help in online and offline transactions. It is estimated that at least 2 in every 5 transactions are carried out by a debit or credit card. In fact, they look the same – have a 16 digit number, CVV number, name of the cardholder and expiration date. But, there are many differences between credit cards and debit cards. Read on to know the differences and compare the pros and cons.
A credit card is provided by banks and NBFCs to the cardholders with a pre-set credit limit. You can make purchases using credit and repay the amount with interest. Additionally, credit card issuers allow holders to withdraw cash (line of credit, LOC) accessible by ATM or credit card convenience checks. Often LOCs carry higher rates of interest. Every credit card has a borrowing saddle point which depends on the user’s credit rating.
Debit cards are modes of withdrawals and transactions whereby cardholders can withdraw money from ATMs or perform online transactions. They perfectly substitute carrying physical cash or checks for purchases.
Debit cards have purchase and withdrawal limits beyond which daily transaction is barred. Users can access their debit cards with a PIN, and a small fixed charge might be levied on transactions from ATMs of different issuers.
|Credit offering is repayable at a future date.
|Mode of transaction or cash withdrawals
|Timely payments improve one’s credit history.
|Payments are possible as long as cardholders have enough balance and do not cross the daily limit.
|Purchase requires a signature.
|Requires 4 digit PIN
|Users need to pay additional interest if they do not pay the borrowed amount monthly.
|Users pay an additional fee if used in an ATM by a different issuer.
|Good for hotel reservations, car rentals, purchasing electronic items on EMI, etc.
|Good for daily use because it helps stay within budget.
Also Read: 10 Best Credit Cards For Online Shopping
Contactless payment is the need of the hour. Users do not need to carry huge amounts of cash to chase expensive items. Instead, they can use their credit or debit cards. Now that you know the difference between a credit card and a debit card, you can decide if you should use a credit or debit card for online and offline purchases, depending on your requirement.
Ans: Although both credit and debit cards look similar, they perform very differently. Debit cards require users to have a balance equal to or less than/her account balance. Credit cards help initiate transactions based on one’s limit and credit score.
Ans: Debit cards can be used to perform net banking and UPI transactions. They can also be used to perform transactions directly.
Ans: Firstly, one should read the terms and conditions. Then, one can call customer service and ask them to deactivate the card. Users can clear all transactions and destroy the card thereafter.
This article is solely for educational purposes. Navi doesn't take any responsibility for the information or claims made in the blog.
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The color guides were just as important of a tool to the colorist as they were to the color separator and were intended to eliminate any doubt about the colors being used on a page.
The colorist would be given black-and-white photocopies of the original art reduced to 80% of the original which was a bit larger than the final print size but made it easier to fit in the codes. These pages would be painted in using water color, Doctor Martin Dyes, designer markers or whatever else would lay in a color field.
Traditional flat color usually just filled areas that were trapped with black line art with one particular color. The color in this area was coded to match the color chart, say YR3B2 (100% yellow, 50% magenta and 25% cyan which would produce a medium brown color)
The code was what the separator was concerned with. The area could be colored red but if the code said green that is how it appeared in print. The colors primarily defined the area to be filled with color. Most colorists did attempt to keep the colors consistent with the code but if a mistake was made only the code needed to be fixed, the area did not need to be repainted.
Though most colorists were meticulous about their application and finished pages were usually beautiful, they were always peppered with code. This made them look less like the work of art that they were.
It was possible to be rather sloppy when applying colors since, as I described earlier, the main purpose was to identify the area to be filled and apply the final code. This was usually the situation when color, which was the last step in the creative process, was being rushed to meet a deadline that had already been jeopardized by either the writer, penciler, inker or letterer.
Regardless of the quality of the application, if the codes and fields were appropriately identified, the final print job would look fine.
As the broader range of colors became available colorists were better able to model areas with different values of color to created shaded or tinted areas.
Generally colorists attempted to alter values on just one of the layers of color and avoided butting percentages of the same color in a single field to prevent a seam from appearing in the finished work.The addition of the 10% and 20% black made it especially easier to shade colors.
When it was necessary to show a gradient, usually in a larger field, it was possible to note the area to be graded. This was usually found on covers of the traditional flat colored books. By the 80′s the gradients were popping up in the interiors due to the better production values available.
At Murphy Anderson’s Visual Concepts, Murphy Jr. would apply an airbrushed fill to the films to match the specs of the gradient. Murphy was a master at this and made many a Comico product look fabulous.
There was something special about that era when every person along the production route had a hand in the final output of the printed product.
The collaboration and the camaraderie that was developed has long been replaced by the digital file.
More production history to follow next week plus BIG news from CO2 Comics is coming so Stay Tuned!
(Don’t say you weren’t warned…)
Making Comics Because I Want Toدریانیوز: "دست ها را بشویید"، "ماسک بزنید" و " ضد عفونی کنید" از جمله عباراتی است که از همان روزهای آغازین اسفند 99 با شیوع کرونا در کشور به گوش می رسید.
اکثر مردم، دست ها را مداوم با صابون می شویند، همه جا ماسک می زنند و به وسایل مشکوک به آلودگی، محلول های ضدعفونی کننده الکلی اسپری می کنند. کار درست هم همین است، دانشمندان با آزمایش ها و مطالعات فراوان تقریبا مطمئن اند که مواد بر پایه الکل ویروس را می کشد. بدون شک استفاده از مواد ضدعفونی کننده به کاهش انتقال کروناویروس کمک کرده اما همچنین می تواند در طولانی مدت مشکلاتی برای سلامت انسان و محیط زیست ایجاد کند.تحقیقات علمی و اتکا به مطالعات بزرگان جامعه پزشکی با ظهور ویروس کرونا ضدعفونی کردن با محلولهای الکلی از اوجب واجبات شده است اما نکته اینجاست که هشدارهایی درباره مصرف بی رویه این محلولها وجود دارد.به مرور زمان در کنار فواید این محافظت ها، ضرر و زیان هایشان هم به کرات خطاب به گروه های آسیب پذیر اطلاع رسانی شد؛ "در پی تماس متعدد پوست دست با آب و صابون، اقدامات پیشگیرانه برای مقابله با خشکی پوست را فراموش نکنید"، "مراقب استفاده طولانی مدت از ماسک باشید"، "امکان بروز مشکلات پوستی و تنفسی در پی استفاده از محلول های الکی وجود دارد".اما به دلایلی که شاید کاربرد آسان یکی از آنها باشد، استقبال مردم از محلول های ضدعفونی کننده الکلی افزایش پیدا کرد که به طبع معایبی هم با خود به همراه دارد؛ طبق یکی از مطالعاتی که توسط پژوهشگران آلمانی منتشر شده، استفاده از اسپری ها یا دستمال های ضدعفونی کننده روی پوست ممکن است باعث تحریک پوست و چشم شود.
اسپری ها و دستمال های ضدعفونی کننده برای تمیز کردن سطوح است، نه افراد یا حیوانات. براساس این پژوهش، پتانسیل تحریک کنندگی الکل هایی که معمولاً در داروهای ضد عفونی کننده دست استفاده می شود بسیار کم است. اگر پوست از قبل تحریک شده باشد، به عنوان مثال با شوینده ها یا آب، در استفاده از الکل ها می توانند احساس سوزش کنند، اما واکنش آلرژیک نیست و به پوست آسیب نمی رساند، البته باید توجه داشت در استفاده طولانی مدت و ناصحیح یا به صورت ترکیب با مواد شیمیایی دیگر می توانند ایجاد حساسیت های پوستی و آلرژیک کنند.سایت مدیکال اکسپرس در این مطلب به برخی از تاثیرات مخرب مواد ضدعفونی کننده دست و سایر محصولات ضد باکتری و ضد ویروسی اشاره کرده است:احتمال مسمومیت: ضد عفونی کننده های دست بیشتر از الکل- اتانول یا ایزوپروپانول- با غلظت ۶۰ تا ۹۵ درصد ساخته شده اند و در صورت سوء مصرف ممکن است سمی باشند. نتایج یک مطالعه نشان داد که استفاده منظم از ضد عفونی کننده های دست حاوی اتانول منجر به انباشت اتانول در خون می شود که میزان آن به نسبت کم اما قابل اندازه گیری است.اگرچه این میزان از اتانول کمتر از سطح مسومیت حاد است اما استفاده مداوم می تواند منجر به "مسمومیت مزمن" شود و خطر مشکلات سلامتی مانند اگزما یا سرطان پوست را افزایش دهد و گاهی اوقات ممکن است کشنده باشد. در کودکان نیز مسمومیت به راحتی از طریق پوست اتفاق می افتد. همچنین آنان در معرض خطر مصرف خوراکی این مواد به صورت تصادفی هستند.
مقاومت ضد میکروبی:
استفاده مکرر از ضد عفونی کننده های بر پایه الکل نیز به افزایش عوامل بیماریزا کمک می کند زیرا میکروبها در برابر این مواد به تدریج مقاوم می شوند. مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی به شرایطی گفته می شود که باکتری ها در برابر آنتی بیوتیک ها مقاوم می شوند و می تواند کشنده باشد.
تغییر میکروبیوم:
استفاده بیش از حد از ضد عفونی کننده های بر پایه الکل موجب آسیب و ترک پوستی شده که اجازه می دهد ویروس های مضر و آلوده به بدن نفوذ پیدا کند. علاوه بر این، مواد ضدعفونی کننده دست باکتریهای مفید و طبیعی موجود در پوست را از بین می برد. برخی از محققان بر این باورند که ضد عفونی کننده های دست و افراط در شستشوی دستها می تواند به میلیاردها میکروب موجود در روده آسیب وارد کند هرچند این موضوع تایید نشده است.
افزایش موارد ابتلا به سایر عفونتها:
اگرچه ضد عفونی کننده های دست علیه کروناویروس ها موثر هستند اما سایر پاتوژن ها را از بین نمی برند. موارد استثنا شامل انگلهایی مانند Cryptosporidium ، باکتریهایی از جمله Clostridium difficile و ویروسهایی مانند Norovirus است که همگی باعث اسهال و استفراغ می شوند. شستن دست تنها روش بهداشتی موثر در برابر این عوامل بیماری زاست. اگر افراد به جای شستن دست ها با آب و صابون، در بیشتر مواقع استفاده از ضد عفونی کننده های دست را جایگزین کنند ممکن است در معرض خطر ابتلا به این میکروب ها قرار گیرند که برخی از آنها برای افرادِ حساس و آسیب پذیر، کشنده است.
پیامدهای زیست محیطی:
الکل شامل اتانول یا ایزوپروپانول می تواند تاثیر مستقیمی بر محیط زیست داشته باشد. به عنوان مثال، مطالعات نشان داده که ریختن اتانول به دریاچه ها، حوضچه ها، رودخانه ها و اقیانوس ها می تواند به گونه های آبزی آسیب برساند.
ضدعفونی کننده های الکلی DNA را هم نشانه می گیرند!
طبق گفته متخصصان، آسیب به DNA نیز از دیگر مواردی است که پژوهشگران از آن به عنوان عارضه استفاده بی رویه از محلول های ضدعفونی کننده بر پایه الکل، یاد کرده اند؛ نگرانی موجود این است که میکروارگانیسم های بیشتری در نتیجه جهش های ناشی از قرار گرفتن در معرض مواد شیمیایی موجود در مواد تمیز کننده فروشگاهی و خانگی و محصولات ضدعفونی کننده دست، می توانند مقاوم شوند. بسیاری از این موارد (از جمله فنل ها و پراکسید هیدروژن) پتانسیل آسیب زدن یا تغییر DNA دارند و بعضی اوقات به عنوان عوامل ژنوتوکسیک شناخته می شوند. همچنین بر اساس مطالعات، ترکیبات رایج بسیاری از مواد تمیز کننده و ضدعفونی کننده های دست شامل الکل ها، ترکیبات آمونیوم کواترنر، فنل ها، پراکسید هیدروژن، سورفاکتانت ها، کلرید بنزالکونیوم و تریکلوزان است. استفاده از برخی از این ترکیبات قبلاً به افزایش مقاومت ضد میکروبی مرتبط بوده است. تلاش ما برای محافظت
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nation grows and takes over in L-intensive products. This happened in East Asia because they had a skill ladder where Japan began as the most skilled nation followed by other “Asian Tigers”. Kojima extended this model to incorporate transporting of one industry to another country where the wage is lower even though the productivity of the workers is not as high as the parent nation. This gradual shift of comparative advantage causes high growth of a particular nation at a particular time. For example, Taiwan supplanted Japan in the production of certain goods when Japan lost comparative advantage in it. Taiwan was followed by ASEAN and finally China took over.
Opponents, such as Larry Summers is believed to have said that industrial policy is like picking stocks and just because Warren Buffet is good at picking stocks does not mean that all of us should do the same. The majority of investors are better off holding a diversified portfolio. Similarly, just because Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and a few other South East Asian countries have been successful with state intervention in promoting industrial and technological development, it doesn't mean other countries should emulate them. Most governments are better off by staying away from ‘picking winners and losers’ as development experience during past 60 years is replete with failure of ‘government failures’ not only in industry but in agriculture, tourism, financial services and other sectors. Even when there is shown to be ‘market failure’, opponents argue that industries never become adults from ‘infant-industry’ as they depend on government support for decades on end. They argue that comparative advantage defying state intervention takes the form of state favoring capital-intensive and skilled-labor intensive industries through subsidies and trade protection. The government aims to put the economy on a higher growth path by a strategy of ‘leap-frogging’ development. The further one moves away from comparative advantage, the more the costs of subsidization and support, and over time this becomes fiscally burdensome. Moreover, once the government support is withdrawn then the industry may become uncompetitive, generate less surpluses and resources to reinvest, and may have to close down, and when such support is stopped, the industry’s profits evaporate as private sector does not. Opponents still believe that East Asian countries would have grown even faster had they not employed industrial policies.
Some observers argue that diversified industries will not take hold in natural resource-endowed countries, such as in Africa and Middle East, because the ‘booming sectors of oil, minerals’ attract all the human and financial resources and government incentives, and therefore there is a ‘resource curse.’ The only reason rapid industrialization occurred is because of a lack of natural resources (except Malaysia and Indonesia, but even there industry is relatively weak and at the lower level of the ladder).
The ‘new industrial policy’ group argues that state intervention is needed in R&D and innovation policy to encourage low carbon, high growth. They argue that private sector does not internalize the carbon emissions, while state intervention will deal with this negative externality.
- Why did IT industries take-off in India and Ireland without state intervention?
- Isn’t East Asian countries’ success more due to their ‘trade openness’ strategy rather than state-intervention – or is it that both state-intervention and openness that is a successful recipe for rapid development?
- Is there an export diversified strategy for developing countries that works most of the time?
- Is it true that the ‘natural resource curse’ works against economic diversification and development?
- Is the new industrial policy more appropriate for the 21st century?A January 20, 2006 post placing a cool physiological/behavioral study into an evolutionary context.
There are two main hypotheses – not mutually exclusive – for the adaptive value of having a circadian clock. One is the Internal Synchronization hypothesis, stating that the circadian clock serves to synchronize biochemical and physiological processes within the body. The second is the External Synchronization hypothesis, stating that the circadian clock serves to syncronize the physiology and behavior to the natural environment.
The prediction from the Internal Hypothesis is that circadian rhythms in various physiological parameters – for instance body temperature, release of various hormones, cell division – will persist in organisms that live in non-rhythmic environments, e.g., in caves, underground or in the depths of the ocean. Measuring such parameters, especially in the wild, is difficult and expensive, though, so not much work has been done. Work in the laboratory, mostly in fruitflies and hamsters, brings indirect support for this hypothesis.
The predicition from the External Hypothesis is that circadian rhythms of behavior will not persist in organisms that live in arrhythmic environments. This has been shown in a number of fossorial animals in the field.
A research group from Norway has recently published a short paper in Nature (I saw these data on a poster at a meeting in 1999 – just goes to show how long it takes to publish in Nature!), looking at an animal that lives in an environment that is sometimes rhythmic, sometimes not – the Arctic. They have monitored, for a whole year, the gross locomotor activity of 12 reindeer. Six of those were in Svaldbard (78 degrees North) and the other six were of another subspecies in northern Norway (70 degrees North).
In the Arctic, for several months during the winter there is only darkness – it is the long polar night. Likewise, it is one continuous day through the months of summer. However, for a few weeks in spring and again in fall, there is a clear light-dark cycle in the environment.
What the group discovered was that, in both subspecies, there was no detectable rhythm during the one long day of summer. This is consistent with the data in a number of laboratory animals – constant bright light tends to supress circadian rhythmicity. Reindeer, like most ruminants, have ultradian rhythms of activity, i.e., tend to roam and forage in bursts.
During spring and fall, both subspecies entrained to the external light-dark cycle, although the rhythm in Norway deer appeared much more robust. It is unclear if the apparent rhythms in the more Northern population were entrained circadian rhythms or masking effects (i.e., direct effects of light on activity) of the LD cycle.
During the winter, though, the Norway reindeer exhibited a freerunning rhythm of activity, but the Svaldbard deer were again not showing any rhythms. An absence of a freerunning rhythm in constant darkness is a rare finding in animal chronobiology, and the data strongly support the External Synchronization hypothesis.
On the left – Norway deer, on the right – Svaldbard deer. Every black dot is a bout of activity and white dot a bout of inactivity. X-axis is a double-plotted 24-hour day. Y-axis (going from top to bottom) shows one day of the year in each row.
However, people from the same group (mostly Karl-Arne Stokkan) have shown before that Svaldbard reindeer (as well as Svaldbard ptarmigan, a gallinaceous bird, which is also behaviorally arrhythmic in a similar experiment) have no rhythm of melatonin secretion during the long polar night in winter either, something that contradicts the Internal Synchronization hypothesis to some extent. On the other hand, people and seals living at the same latitudes have circadian rhythms in melatonin release.
Circadian pacemakers in the suprachiasmatic nuclei signal time of day using various neural and hormonal mechanisms. One of the mechanisms involves rhythmic stimuulation of melatonin release from the pineal gland. Other hormones may be Arginine Vasopressing, Cortisol, brain peptides, etc. It is possible that melatonin signal acts on brain centers that drive various behaviors, while other neural and humoral signals drive rhythms in biochemistry and physiology of various internal organs. It is, thus, possible that animals in arrhythmic environments have no rhythms in melatonn release or behavior but still retain rhythms in physiology – something that can be tested by, for instance, continuous monitoring of body temperature in the field – hard and expensive, but not impossible to do. If this is the case, that both Internal and External Synchronization hypotheses will be supported.
Circadian clocks are so ubiqutous, it is difficult to come up with a conclusive evidence for their adaptive function. Finding animals, like reindeer, that are not rhythmic in constant natural environments but exhibit rhythms when the environment is rhythmic, add some strength to the notion that the biological clocks are evolved adaptations.
And of course, not being sleepy on the night of December 25th certainly helps Rudolf, Prancer and friends work more efficiently in delivering presents.
van Oort BE, Tyler NJ, Gerkema MP, Folkow L, Blix AS, Stokkan KA. Circadian organization in reindeer. Nature. 2005 Dec 22;438(7071):1095-6.New Study Says Many Pulp and Paper Mills to Change Future Water Usage Goals
Sept. 25, 2012 (Press Release) - Since water has become an increasingly important strategic issue in the pulp and paper industry, potentially affecting the ability of a large number of the world’s mills to operate at capacity, Fisher International conducted a study of the topic and has published its findings in a study titled, The 2012 Global PPI Water Benchmark Report.
The report is intended to help environmental managers understand how water issues are affecting pulp and paper mills around the world as they benchmark their own positions and evaluate their policies.
The study finds that many mills expect that their access to water will be threatened in the next five years.
Even more mills — a majority worldwide — expect to make changes to their water usage goals in the next five years, particularly in developing countries.
Worldwide, the range of water usage per ton of paper produced was found to be quite broad: from under .95 cubic meters per metric ton (250 gallons per short ton) of paper produced up to 265 cubic meters per metric ton (70,000 gallons per short ton) of paper produced. Similarly sludge production was found to range from almost nothing to just over .4 tons of sludge per ton of pulp or paper produced. Nevertheless, attitudes about the seriousness of potential threats to water availability are similar across types of mills and regardless of how mills handle effluent treatment.
The report is free to mills that take part in Fisher International’s water survey. It is also available for purchase. To take the survey, obtain a copy of the report, or receive additional information, please email: [email protected] or call +1 203.854.5390.
For over 25 years Fisher International has supported the pulp and paper industry with business intelligence and management consulting. With research resources in every pulp and paper producing country in the world, Fisher International’s comprehensive proprietary database, analysis tools, and expert consultants are indispensable resources to the industry. To learn more, please visit: www.fisheri.com.
SOURCE: Fisher InternationalAVRUPADAN Youtube Video
Enflasyon maaşları eritti
Avusturya'da ortalama maaşlar, geçtiğimiz yıl nominal olarak yüzde 7,6 artarken, enflasyon nedeniyle harcanabilir gelirlerde yüzde 0,5 düşüş yaşandı.
Avusturya İstatistik Dairesi'nin açıkladığı verilere göre, 2022 yılında haneler harcanabilir gelirlerinin yüzde 9,2'sini tasarruf edebilmişken, bu oran 2023'te yüzde 9'a geriledi. Pandemi döneminde ise hanelerin tasarruf oranının ortalama yüzde 13,2'ye yükseldiği gözlemlenmişti. Hanelerin toplam geliri de 2023 yılında 250,3 milyar avrodan 269,4 milyar avroya yükselmiş durumda.Geri Dön 02 Nisan 2024 Salı Önceki Yazılar1. Calcium treatment of aluminum killed steel
Calcium (mainly in the form of CaSi alloy) is used to transform the solid Al2O3 and SiO2-Al2O3 produced during aluminum deoxidation into calcium aluminate that is liquid at the casting temperature. In clean steel, these aluminates will be covered with a thin layer of calcium and manganese complex sulfides.
According to different steel grades, the amount of Ca added per ton of molten steel is 0.15-0.5kg.
The success of calcium addition is largely related to the amount of Al203 remaining in the molten steel.
2. Calcium treatment of silicon killed steel
In steel with a carbon content of 0.1% and a silicon content of 0.2%, the oxygen content is usually about 75ppm. By feeding the CaSi cored wire 0.8-1.7kg/t to the molten steel, it can be reduced to 15 -20ppm.
Since there are no wear-resistant alumina inclusions, and as long as the silicate and sulfide inclusions are non-brittle and plastic at the rolling temperature, silicon killed steel can exhibit good workability.
3. Add calcium treatment to avoid clogging of the nozzle
At the casting temperature, alumina, silica, cerium sulfur oxide, and titanium dioxide, which are solid at the casting temperature, may cause blockage of the small diameter nozzle. In the condition of aluminum killed steel, when the aluminum content of molten steel exceeds 0.01%, it will quickly cause the nozzle to block. Adding calcium-containing alloys to molten steel can solve this problem.
Depending on the number of solid inclusions in the molten steel before treatment, 0.3-1.5kg CaSi/t is usually added.
4. Calcium treatment with CaAl wire instead of CaSi wire
For low-silicon steels such as deep drawing steel, thin strip steel, and automotive steel, replacing CaSi alloy cored wire with CaAl alloy cored wire has the following advantages:
CaAl alloy is a silicon-free carrier;
Because it is alloyed, the vapor pressure of Ca is lower than that of single calcium;
Aluminum can be compatible with the most elements in the steel;
Aluminum can increase the solubility of calcium in the molten steel.
5. Calcium treatment for CaFe line production of ultra-low silicon steel
Ca30/Fe70 or Ca70/Fe30 alloy cored wire for steel making is used to add calcium to molten steel without any amount of silicon, so it is particularly suitable for deep-drawn steel, some special steels (such as calcium-containing stainless steel, calcium-containing gear steel), and steel with specific physical properties.
1. Carbon increases after the furnace
When producing low-carbon and medium-carbon steel, the average recovery rate of carbon is 68-71%; when producing alloy steel, the recovery rate of carbon reaches 83%.
2. Stainless molten steel with Titanium
When producing stainless steel such as Cr18Ni9Ti, a ferrotitanium wire is used to adjust the titanium content of molten steel, which not only has a high yield but also accurately meets the requirements of technical standards.
1. Add Titanium to steels like 20CrMnTi
After the molten steel is deoxidized, titanium is added with a ferrotitanium shovel, and the recovery rate of titanium can reach more than 80%.
2. Add boron to 40MnB and 40MnVB containing boron steel and 303, 304, and 316 stainless steel.
After the molten steel is deoxidized and nitrogen-fixed, and then boron is added with a boron-iron wire, the boron recovery rate can be as high as 80%, and the result is stable and accurate.
3. Rare earth can purify molten steel, refine the structure of steel, and control the shape of inclusions. After the molten steel is deoxidized, the rare earth ferrosilicon wire or cerium iron wire is added to the rare earth alloy or cerium, which can stably increase the recovery rate of the rare earth or cerium.
4. Add Niobium to the steel
Compared with the impulse method, adding niobium with ferroniobium wire not only melts the alloy faster, but there is no danger that small pieces of ferroniobium will be wrapped by slag and reduce the efficiency and recovery rate of niobium.
5. Add steel to steel
The addition of barium with cored wire can increase the recovery rate and increase the stability of vanadium addition.
1. Use a sulfur wire or iron sulfide wire to add sulfur to molten steel to produce sulfur-containing free-cutting steel; the sulfur recovery rate can reach more than 80%, and almost no toxic SO2 is released.
2. Use a sulfur wire or iron sulfide wire to add sulfur to the stainless steel molten steel to change the appearance of vulcanized inclusions and improve machinability.Hikayenizi Youtube'ta kitleniz ile paylaşalım. Markanızı tanıyan müşterilere satış yapmak daha kolaydır.
YouTube'da video reklamları ile sizi hedef kitlenize tanıtalım. YouTube reklamlarıyla, potansiyel müşterilerinize YouTube'da video izlerlerken veya arama yaparlarken ulaşıp sizin için aksiyon almalarını sağlayalım.
Üstelik yalnızca kitleniz reklama ilgi gösterdiklerinde veya reklamınıza tıkladıklarında ücretlendirme gerçekleşir.
Youtube ve diğer Google reklam ağında video kampanyalarınızı yönetmek için bizden teklif alın.اینترنت جای خود را به ابزارهای ارتباطی و تعامل جدید بین مردم در سراسر جهان داده است و موانع فاصله، زمان و مرزها را از بین می برد. فناوری این امکان را برای افراد فراهم کرده است که نه تنها با یکدیگر صحبت کنند، بلکه در بسیاری از فعالیت ها با هم به صورت گروهی شرکت کنند. بدین ترتیب فعالیت های گروهی یا به اصطلاح شبکه ها در زبان رسانه های اجتماعی در حال رشد هستند و مفهوم خرد جمعی را به عنوان نتیجه بحث های گروهی در مورد هر موضوعی کشف می کنند . وب اجتماعی شامل چندین کانال از جمله وبلاگ ها، انجمن ها، اشتراک گذاری عکس/ویدیو، اشتراک گذاری موسیقی، ایمیل ها، چت، پیامک، پادکست، میکرو بلاگ ها و ویکی ها و غیره است. فیس بوک، یوتیوب، لینکدین، فارم ویل، ویکی پدیا و غیره برخی از بهترین چهره های شناخته شده هستند. از وب اجتماعی
برای هر کسی که در بازاریابی فعالیت می کند، وب اجتماعی چیزی است که او نه تنها به عنوان یک شرکت کننده بلکه مهمتر از آن به عنوان یک متخصص بازاریابی که نماینده سازمان خود است باید آن را درک کند. وب اجتماعی و شبکه های مردم شامل مشتریان فعلی و مشتریان بالقوه ای است که به تبادل اطلاعات می پردازند، تجربیات خود را به عنوان مصرف کننده بحث می کنند و در نتیجه به مشتریان بالقوه کمک می کنند تا آگاهی خود را ایجاد کنند و همچنین بر تصمیمات خرید خود تأثیر بگذارند.
وقتی صحبت از درک رفتار شرکت کنندگان و گروه های درگیر در هر یک
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del computer. Montare quel supporto fisico vuol dire associarvi una cartella; smontarlo vuol dire eseguire l'operazione inversa, cioè rimuovere l'associazione.
Sul supporto fisico trovano posto le informazioni che descrivono l'albero delle cartelle e il contenuto di ogni singolo file, scritte secondo uno schema ben preciso. Questo schema si chiama file system.
Quando un programma utente legge o scrive su un file che è in una cartella, oppure modifica l'albero delle sottocartelle, Linux, "dietro le quinte", controlla il tipo di file system, accede al supporto e modifica le informazioni secondo lo schema definito dal file system.
Nel caso più semplice, la cartella corrisponde ad una partizione di qualche memoria di massa che è collegata al computer, e in tal caso il file system corrisponde a quello che è sulla partizione. Ma esistono altri tipi di file system, che non richiedono il collegamento con una memoria di massa. Ad esempio, il tmpfs risiede interamente nella memoria volatile del calcolatore, vale a dire che allo spegnimento esso verrà automaticamente cancellato (quindi, viene tipicamente utilizzato per ospitare i file temporanei). Uno SquashFS converte un albero di cartelle in una sequenza di bytes compressi, che può essere salvata su file (infatti, viene tipicamente usato per fornire "pacchetti" di file preconfezionati e disponibili in sola lettura). Uno UnionFS permette di combinare altri file system, sovrapponendoli; e così via.
Il concetto di "file"[modifica]
Un file è una sequenza di bytes. Questa definizione è così generica che, oltre ai file "normali", esistono anche dei file speciali, che non sono salvati su alcun filesystem, ma invece fanno da ponte verso una periferica che legge o scrive bytes.
Ad esempio, le memorie di massa, e le partizioni, sono considerate come delle sequenze di bytes, e quindi dei file, e in particolare si trovano sotto /dev.
- Tipi di file
In Linux, il tipo di un file viene determinato dal suo contenuto (a differenza di altri sistemi operativi che, invece, usano l'estensione del file, cioè la parte del nome che segue il punto).
Altre informazioni[modifica]
- I programmi
Dal punto di vista di Linux, un programma non è altro che un file che contiene istruzioni eseguibili.
Dal punto di vista dell'utente, esistono due categorie di programmi: quelli scritti in formato binario e gli script. I primi possono essere modificati solo da un programmatore. I secondi, invece, sono banali file di testo che contengono comandi scritti in un linguaggio standardizzato, noto a priori. Chiunque può modificarli, a patto di conoscere il linguaggio di programmazione utilizzato. Può essere uno script per bash, oppure scritto in un linguaggio di scripting come Python e Perl.
- Font-end
Può capitare di avere davanti un programma che dà solo l'interfaccia grafica ad un altro programma che viene eseguito "dietro le quinte", su terminale. In questo caso si dice che si ha davanti un font-end grafico per quel programma che viene eseguito su terminale.
- Installare i programmi
I programmi e le librerie software sono raggruppati in pacchetti. Installare un programma vuol dire eseguire un comando che scarica in automatico il pacchetto e lo installa. Disinstallare un programma vuol dire eseguire un altro comando che rimuove il pacchetto dal sistema.
I pacchetti sono memorizzati su un sito apposito, che si chiama repository, e che in genere è il sito ufficiale della società che produce il sistema operativo in uso. Spesso è possibile anche installare un pacchetto che è stato copiato come file a sé, invece che scaricato dal repository.
- Antivirus e firewall
Questa sezione è ancora vuota; aiutaci a scriverla!
- Swap
Lo swap è una partizione di una memoria di massa che viene usata come se fosse memoria RAM. Esso permette di continuare a lavorare anche qualora si rendesse necessaria una quantità di RAM superiore a quella installata.
Le applicazioni non usano direttamente lo swap, il quale, invece, viene gestito dal sistema operativo. Infatti, quest'ultimo, all'occorrenza, libera spazio nella RAM salvando alcune zone di memoria sul disco, e all'occorrenza le reimmette nella RAM leggendole dal disco. Le zone di memoria che vengono spostate su disco sono scelte dal sistema operativo in base alla probabilità che avranno di essere richieste nel futuro.
Avere uno spazio di swap è importante anche se si ha una grande quantità di RAM. Ad esempio, il sistema operativo sposta nello swap le zone di memoria allocate per l'inizializzazione di un programma, e che non vengono più lette finché il programma non termina.
In Rete si trovano guide che espongono alcune formule per il calcolo dello swap in base alla dimensione della memoria RAM. Tuttavia, non si vede la necessità di avere uno swap variabile in funzione della RAM:
- in genere, un valore di 2 GB è più che sufficiente per la maggior parte degli usi da parte dell'utente medio;
- tuttavia, se si vuole usare la funzionalità di ibernazione, lo swap va impostato ad un valore superiore a quello della RAM, in quanto l'ibernazione consiste proprio nel salvataggio della RAM sullo swap.
In genere, una partizione di swap è identificata dal fatto che ha un file system specializzato.
Le partizioni di swap non si "montano" né si "smontano", invece si attivano e si disattivano con due comandi specializzati che si chiamano "swapon" e "swapoff". Essi notificano il sistema operativo e non collegano la partizione ad alcuna cartella. Possono essere richiamati in ogni momento da terminale (ma sono accessibili anche tramite alcuni programmi che sono dotati di GUI, ad esempio GParted); inoltre, in genere, lo stesso sistema operativo durante il boot ricerca in automatico le partizioni di swap collegate al sistema ed esegue lo swapon in automatico.
- Il terminale
- Utenti; permessi e utenti; permessi e file
Questa sezione è ancora vuota; aiutaci a scriverla!Vitamins and minerals help keep the body healthy and functioning properly, and with a balanced diet, you can typically get the nutrients you need. Zinc is an essential trace mineral that aids in proper bodily functions, and it is easily obtained through dietary sources, including spinach. If you think you may not be getting enough zinc, talk with your doctor about your diet and whether supplementation is necessary.
Video of the Day
Properties of Zinc
The body doesn't naturally produce zinc; you get it through the foods you eat. Zinc is present in every cell and is the second most common mineral in the body next to iron, states the University of Maryland Medical Center. It aids in vision, immune function, growth, blood clotting, healthy thyroid function and reproduction. It also has antioxidant properties, which help protect cells from free radical damage. This mineral may also be beneficial in helping to treat age-related macular degeneration, acne, sickle cell disease and stomach ulcers. If you are interested in using zinc to treat any medical condition, talk with your doctor to determine if it is safe and appropriate for you.
Symptoms of a Deficiency
Although a mild zinc deficiency is not worrisome, a significant deficiency can cause serious adverse health effects. Without adequate amounts of zinc, your immune system does not function well, wound healing is delayed and night blindness, hair loss and depression can occur. Your sense or smell or taste can also be affected. People at risk for zinc deficiency include people with absorption problems, such as Crohn's disease or celiac disease; alcoholics; the elderly and those with restricted diets.
Recommended Intakes and Dietary Sources
According to the Office of Dietary Supplements, men ages 19 and older should consume 11 mg or zinc daily, and women in that age group should consume 8 mg daily. Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding should consume a little more; 11 mg and 12 mg, respectively. Male and female teenagers 14 to 18 years old should consume 11 mg and 9 mg, respectively, with pregnant teens needing 12 mg of zinc daily. According to the United States Department of Agriculture, 1 cup of raw spinach provides 0.16 mg of zinc. One cup of cooked spinach provides 1.37 mg of zinc. Spinach can easily be incorporated into salads, omelets and added to pizzas. In addition to spinach, other food sources of zince include oysters, red meat, cheese, soybeans and sunflower seeds.
Individuals who eat meat likely get adequate amounts of zinc, but if you are a vegetarian, you may want to talk with your doctor about your zinc intake. The Office of Dietary Supplements states that vegetarians may need up to 50 percent more zinc than non-vegetarians, because the zinc in meat is better absorbed by the body than zinc in plant sources like spinach. Supplementation may be necessary. If you are taking supplements, do not take more zinc than recommended, as too much zinc can cause headaches, drowsiness, loss of muscle coordination and impaired immune system functioning.（伦敦综合电）英国国际发展事务部长帕特尔因私下密会以色列政要，周三向首相特雷莎·梅递交辞呈。这是特雷莎·梅政府在一连串丑闻中第二名辞职的内阁成员。 据媒体报道，帕特尔（Priti Patel）今年8月全家到以色列度假时，未向外交部和首相公署申请，私下与以色列各级政要举行了12场会见，其中包括会见以色列总理内坦亚胡，会谈内容涉及英国向以色列军队提供援助资金。 事件曝光后，帕特尔在首次向首相说明情况时，又隐瞒了部分事实，随着调查的深入，特雷莎·梅改变决定，要求正在肯尼亚访问的帕特尔立即返回，8日晚间，刚刚返回英国的帕特尔，与特雷莎·梅再次见面后正式提出辞职。 帕特尔在辞职信中说，自己的行为违反了一切公务活动应该公开和透明的原则，违反了内阁部长应该严格遵守的职业准则。“我向你全心全意地道歉。”特雷莎·梅在复函中说，英国和以色列间的合作，应该通过正式和官方的渠道来进行。 连日来，特雷莎·梅内阁多名成员被卷入性骚扰丑闻而接受调查，上周末，国防部长法伦在15年前触碰一名女记者的膝盖被媒体曝光后辞职。 分析员认为，英国政府因财政紧缩政策削减公共开支、脱欧谈判陷入僵局等原因已处于巨大民意压力之下，帕特尔的辞职将让政府前景雪上加霜。How can your money make UK renewables happen?
Ecologist Partners: Triodos Bank
by Lisa Stanley
The UK is at a crossroads at which choices need to be made that will decide where our energy comes from in the future. Recent events are prompting an energy revolution, and many people are now more convinced than ever that a significant part of the UK’s future energy supply has to derive from our own renewable sources.
How Can Your Money Help Make UK Renewables Happen?
We believe that, despite much-discussed changes to national energy policy, the UK Government will remain committed to supporting renewables over the coming years, albeit as part of a diversified energy mix. Indeed, Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg said recently, ‘we want to support the shift by traditional industry to cleaner sources of energy. When we say that we want green growth, it is a very real aim, driven by very real economic needs.’*
And as the UK more widely also begins to recognise this shift, we can expect an increasingly narrow margin between the cost of renewable and ‘conventional’ energy generation. In fact according to Ofgem the cost of wind power to the average UK’s household is just two pence per day. In contrast, the rising cost of gas imports added about £120 to domestic energy bills last year. The wind industry is driving costs down rapidly through economies of scale, technological innovation and sharing best practice.**
With the UK Europe’s windiest country, as well as wind being the world’s fastest-growing renewable energy source, it makes sense that onshore wind power has a large part to play in the country’s energy future. Not only could power generated by UK wind turbines fuel the country’s energy needs several times over, but UK wind also positively negates climate change by reducing reliance on fossil fuels and preventing CO2 emissions.
In addition, the renewables sector has a positive impact on the UK’s economy. According to RenewableUK ‘expansion of the wind, wave and tidal industry has the potential to generate up to 120,000 jobs over the next ten years, both directly and through the UK-based supply chain that is growing alongside the industry.’**
And figures from RenewableUK show UK electricity production from renewables increased by 33% in 2011 and by 45% from onshore wind in particular. However, the figures also show that the UK’s reliance on imported fossil fuels hit a 36 year high.
RenewableUK says the trend for increased generation from renewables is set to continue and will ‘help the UK reduce its over-reliance on expensive and unpredictable supplies of imported fossil fuels.’ Ensuring that ‘the UK develops an energy mix that will not only protect consumers from fluctuating fossil fuel prices in the short term but will also deliver long term security and growth.’
With more than 4,800 shareholders and generating enough green electricity to power almost 24,000 UK homes***, Triodos Renewables is the UK’s most widely-owned independent renewable energy company in the UK. It believes there is a long future ahead for UK renewables and provides a vehicle for a growing number of individuals to invest into renewable energy generating assets. As part of its future strategy it is focusing on small to medium-sized onshore wind projects and sensitively sited brownfield site developments in particular.
*Speaking at the Global Business Summit on Energy in London on 6 August 2012
*** Estimate based on assumed industry standard of 4.7MWh per home
Using this website means you agree to us using simple cookies.如果有一段时间我们都可以使用保护之剑，现在就是了。她拉：电力王妃在小银幕上首次亮相已有三十多年了，但电视和电影在描绘强大的女英雄方面仍然遥遥落后。
“神奇女侠 ”今年早些时候的史诗般的成功表明，好莱坞和世界都不要低估超级英雄，而现在看来，电视高管们正在黛安娜王子的凶猛追求中解决这个不平衡问题：Netflix和梦工厂宣布重启“八十年代的漫画 她拉正在为2018年的作品。
如果你需要一个复习 - 或者，你知道，你还没有出生：OG She-Ra成为1985年流行的漫画He-Man的女性答案。She-Ra实际上是He-Man久违的孪生姐妹，而她的背景故事有些令人困惑，但本质上，阿多拉公主(她的另一个自我)被绑架为一个婴儿，并被邪恶的部落抚养，直到女巫发现她是强大的剑的合法拥有者保护。
一旦她变成了她拉，我们的女主角和她的兄弟和其他人一起工作，拯救了埃特里亚星球和它的居民免受部落的愤怒。哦，她还有一只名叫Swift Wind的甜美飞行麒麟，是水晶城堡的发誓者。(有这一切?)
两个工作室宣布了与其他五个系列的合作。
将有一个动画延续的巨魔电影，The Boss Baby的继续，一个Captain Underpants节目，Guillermo del Toro 的第二部Trollhunters系列，以及Harvey Street Kids的另一个以女性友谊为重点的故事。掌舵She-Ra重新启动将被广受好评的漫画创作者诺埃尔·史蒂文森(Noelle Stevenson)，后者是包容性系列尼莫娜(Nimona)和洛伯亚内斯(Lumberjanes) 的创意力量 (因此，几乎是完美的人把她的王位恢复到她的王位)。BROGADO, TEXAS. Brogado is on Sandia Creek and U.S. Highway 290 a mile northeast of Balmorhea in southwestern Reeves County. It was founded before 1880 by Mexican farmers who were drawn to the area by the abundant springwater. A Brogado post office operated in an adobe building from 1894 until 1918. A public school with twenty-four students and one teacher was in session in 1897. The settlement was named for a visiting priest, Father Brogado, who was revered by the people of the parish. In the 1990s Brogado remained a farming community with a store. At the heart of the settlement stood its old Catholic church and cemetery. Brogado reported a population of 122 in 1990.
Image Use Disclaimer
All copyrighted materials included within the Handbook of Texas Online are in accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. Section 107 related to Copyright and “Fair Use” for Non-Profit educational institutions, which permits the Texas State Historical Association (TSHA),
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�儿童权利作出重大贡献,
1. 通过并开放供签署和批准或加入本决议所附儿童权利公约关于儿童卷入武装冲突问题和关于买卖儿童儿童卖淫和儿童色情制品问题的两项任择议定书;
2. 请已签署和批准或加入儿童权利公约的所有国家尽快签署和批准或加入所附任择议定书,以便两项议定书早日生效;
3. 决定儿童权利公约两项任择议定书将在订于2000年6月5日至9日在纽约举行的题为2000年妇女二十一世纪两性平等发展与和平的大会特别会议及其后在联合国总部开放供签署,在订于2000年6月26 日至30日在日内瓦举行的题为社会发展问题世界首脑会议及其后的发展在全球化世界实现惠及所有人的社会发展的大会特别会议和在订于2000年9月6日至8日在纽约举行的联合国千年首脑会议上开放供签署;
4. 请秘书长将两项任择议定书现况的资料列入其提交大会的儿童权利公约现况的报告。
2000年5月25日第97次全体会议
附件一 《儿童权利公约》关于儿童卷入武装冲突问题的任择议定书
本议定书缔约国,
欣慰地注意到《儿童权利公约》获得极大的支持,可见各方决心致力于促进和保护儿童权利,
重申必须特别保护儿童权利,要求一视同仁地不断改善儿童的情况,儿童在和平与安全的条件下成长和接受教育,
不安地注意到武装冲突对儿童造成有害和广泛的影响,对持久和平安全和发展造成长期后果,
谴责在武装冲突情况中以儿童为目标,及直接攻击受国际法保护的物体,包括学校和医院等一般有大量儿童的场所的行为,
注意到《国际刑事法院规约》获得通过,特别是将征募或招募不满15岁的儿童,在国际武装冲突和非国际武装冲突中利用他们积极参与敌对行动定为战争罪,
因此,考虑到为进一步加强行使《儿童权利公约》确认的权利,需要加强保护儿童,使其不卷入武装冲突,
注意到《儿童权利公约》第1条规定,为该公约的目的,儿童系指不满18岁的任何人, 除非对其适用的法律规定成年年龄低于18岁,
深信公约任择议定书提高可被招募加入武装部队和参加敌对行动的人的年龄,将切实促进落实有关儿童的一切行动均应以儿童的最大利益为首要考虑的原则,
注意到1995年12月第二十六届红十字会和红新月会国际会议特别建议冲突各当事方采取一切可行措施,确保不满18岁的儿童不参加敌对行动,
欢迎《国际劳工组织关于禁止和立即行动消除最有害的童工形式的第182号公约》于1999年6月获得一致通过,其中也禁止强迫或强制招募儿童参加武装冲突,
最严重关切并谴责非国家武装部队的武装团体在国境内外招募、训练和使用儿童参加敌对行动,并确认在这方面招募、训练和使用儿童的人所负的责任,
回顾武装冲突各当事方均有义务遵守国际人道主义法的规定,
强调本议定书不妨碍联合国宪章所载的宗旨和原则,包括其第五十一条以及有关的人道主义法规范,
铭记以充分尊重宪章所载的宗旨和原则以及遵守适用的人权文书为基础的和平与安全是充分保护儿童的必要条件,在武装冲突和外国占领期间尤其如此,
确认因其经济或社会状况或性别特别容易被人以违反本议定书的方式招募或用于敌对行动的儿童的特殊需要,
注意到必须考虑儿童卷入武装冲突的经济社会和政治根源,
深信需要加强国际合作执行本议定书,帮助受武装冲突之害的儿童恢复身心健康和重返社会,
鼓励社区尤其是儿童和受害儿童参与传播有关执行本议定书的宣传和教育方案,
兹协议如下：
第1条 缔约国应采取一切可行措施,确保不满18周岁的武装部队成员不直接参加敌对行动。
第2条 缔约国应确保不满18周岁的人不被强制招募加入其武装部队。
第3条
1.考虑到《儿童权利公约》第38条所载原则,确认公约规定不满18周岁的人有权获得特别的保护,缔约国应提高该条第3款所述个人自愿应征加入本国武装部队的最低年龄。
2. 每一缔约国在批准或加入本议定书时应交存一份具有约束力的声明,规定其允许自愿应征加入本国武装部队的最低年龄,并说明其为确保不强迫或胁迫进行此类招募而采取的保障措施。
3. 允许不满18 周岁的人自愿应征加入本国武装部队的缔约国应设置保障措施,至少确保：
(a) 此种应征确实是自愿的;
(b) 此种应征得到本人父母或法定监护人的知情同意;
(c) 这些人被充分告知此类兵役所涉的责任;
(d) 这些人在被接纳服本国兵役之前提供可靠的年龄证明。
4. 每一缔约国可随时加强其声明,就此事通知联合国秘书长,秘书长通知所有缔约国。此种通知在秘书长收到之日起生效。
5.按照《儿童权利公约》第28和第29条,提高本条第1款所述入伍年龄的规定不适用于缔约国武装部队开办或控制的学校。
第4条
1. 非国家武装部队的武装团体在任何情况下均不得招募或在敌对行动中使用不满18周岁的人。
2. 缔约国应采取一切可行措施防止此种招募和使用,包括采取必要的法律措施禁止并将这种做法按刑事罪论处。
3. 本条的适用不影响武装冲突任何当事方的法律地位。
第5条 本议定书的任何规定不得被解释为排除更有利于实现儿童权利的缔约国法律或国际文书和国际人道主义法的规定。
第6条
1. 每一缔约国应采取一切必要的法律、行政和其它措施,确保在其管辖范围内有效执行和实施本议定书的规定。
2. 缔约国承诺以适当手段使成人和儿童普遍知晓并向他们宣传本议定书的各项原则和规定。
3. 缔约国应采取一切可行措施,确保在违反本议定书的情况下被招募或用于敌对行动的本国管辖范围内的人退伍或退役。缔约国在必要时应向这些人提供一切适当援助, 协助其恢复身心健康和重返社 会。
第7条
1. 缔约国应通过技术合作和财政援助等方式合作执行本议定书,包括防止违反本议定书的任何活动,协助受违反本议定书行为之害的人康复和重返社会。提供此类援助和合作时,应与有关缔约国和有关国际组织磋商。
2. 缔约国在有能力的情况下应通过现有的多边、双边或其它方案或通过按联合国大会规则设立的自愿基金提供此类援助。
第8条
1. 每一缔约国应在本议定书对其生效两年内向儿童权利委员会提交一份报告,提供详尽资料,说明本国为执行议定书的规定而采取的措施,包括为执行关于参加和招募的条款而采取的措施。
2. 提交全面报告后,每一缔约国应在根据公约第44条提交儿童权利委员会的报告中,提供与执行本议定书有关的任何进一步资料。议定书的其他缔约国应每五年提交一份报告。
3. 儿童权利委员会可要求缔约国提供与执行本议定书有关的进一步资料。
第9条
1. 本议定书开放供公约任何缔约国或已签署公约的任何国家签署。
2. 本议定书须经批准并开放供任何国家加入。批准书或加入书应交存联合国秘书长。
3. 秘书长应以公约和本议定书保管人的身份,通知公约所有缔约国和已签署公约的所有国家根据第13条送交的每一份声明。
第10条
1. 本议定书在第十份批准书或加入书交存后三个月生效。
2. 对于在本议定书生效后批准或加入的国家,议定书在其批准书或加入书交存之日后一个月生效。
第11条
1. 缔约国可在任何时候书面通知联合国秘书长退出本议定书,秘书长应立即通知公约其他缔约国和已签署公约的所有国家。退约应于秘书长收到通知之日后一年生效。但是, 在该年结束时如果退约缔约国正处于武装冲突之中,退约在武装冲突终止之前应仍未生效。
2. 此类退约不解除缔约国依本议定书对退约生效日期前发生的任何行为所承担的义务。退约也绝不妨碍委员会继续审议在退约生效日期前业已开始审议的任何事项。
第12条
1. 任何缔约国均可提出修正案,提交给联合国秘书长。秘书长应立即将提议的修正案通知各缔约国,并请它们表明是否赞成召开缔约国会议以审议提案并进行表决。如果在此类通知发出之后的四个月内,至少有三分之一的缔约国赞成召开这样的会议,秘书长应在联合国主持下召开会议。经出席会议并参加表决的缔约国过半数通过的任何修正案应提交联合国大会批准。
2. 根据本条第1款通过的修正案如果获得大会批准并为缔约国三分之二多数接受, 即行生效。
3. 修正案一旦生效,即应对接受该项修正案的缔约国具有约束力,其他缔约国则仍受本议定书各项条款和它们已接受的任何早先的修正案的约束。
第13条
1. 本议定书的阿拉伯文、中文、英文、法文、俄文和西班牙文文本具有同等效力,应交存联合国档案库。
2. 联合国秘书长应将本议定书经证明无误的副本分送公约所有缔约国和已签署公约的所有国家。
附件二 《儿童权利公约》关于买卖儿童、儿童卖淫和儿童色情制品问题的任择议定书
本议定书各缔约国,
考虑到为了进一步实现《儿童权利公约》的宗旨并执行其各项规定,别是第1条、第11条、第21条、第32条、第33条、第34条、第35条和第36条,应当扩大各缔约国应为确保保护儿童免遭买卖儿童、儿童卖淫和儿童色情制品之害而采取的各项措施,
又考虑到《儿童权利公约》确认儿童有权受到保护,不受经济剥削,不从事可能有危害性或可能影响其教育或有害儿童的健康或身体、心理、精神、道德或社会发展的任何工作。
严重关切为买卖儿童、儿童卖淫和儿童色情制品的目的而进行的国际儿童贩运十分猖獗且日益严重,
深切关注特别容易侵害儿童的色情旅游仍然广泛存在,因为它直接助长了买卖儿童、儿童卖淫和儿童色情制品,
认识到包括女童在内的一些特别脆弱的群体较易遭受性剥削,并认识到性剥削的受害人以女童居多,
关注互联网和其他不断发展的技术提供的儿童色情制品越来越多,并回顾打击互联网上的儿童色情制品国际会议( 1999 年,维也纳),特别是其结论要求世界各地将儿童色情制品的制作、分销、出口、传送、进口、蓄意拥有和广告宣传按刑事罪论处,并强调各国政府与互联网业界建立更加密切的合作与伙伴关系的重要性,
认为应采用一种全面的方法来消除引发性因素,其中包括发展不足、贫困、经济失衡、社会经济结构不公平、家庭瘫痪、缺乏教育、城乡移徙、性别歧视、不负责任的成人性行为、有害的传统习俗、武装冲突和贩卖儿童,从而有助于消除买卖儿童、儿童卖淫和儿童色情制品,
又认为需要努力提高公众意识,以减少消费者对买卖儿童、儿童卖淫和儿童色情制品的需求,还认为必须加强各行动者的全球合作以及在国家一级改善执法行动的重要性,
注意到关于保护儿童的国际法律文书的各项规定,其中包括《保护儿童和国家间收养方面合作海牙公约》、《国际
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- Passioni segrete di John Huston e Viggo Mortensen in A Dangerous Method di David Cronenberg.Arctic sea ice continued its long-term decline in 2014, as the ice reached its annual minimum extent on September 17. According to the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC), Arctic sea ice covered just 5.02 million square kilometers (1.94 million square miles) this summer, an extent similar to 2013 and well below the 1981–2010 average of 6.22 million square kilometers (2.40 million square miles). The 2014 sea ice extent was the sixth lowest recorded in the modern satellite era.
The summer started off as a relatively cool one, and lacked the big storms or persistent winds that can break up ice and increase melting, said Walter Meier, a research scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. “Even with a relatively cool year, the ice is so much thinner than it used to be,” Meier said. “It's more susceptible to melting.”
The Northwest Passage remained ice-bound this summer. But a patch of open water stretched far north of Siberia in the Laptev Sea, reaching 85 degrees north. It is the farthest north that scientists have observed open ocean water in the satellite era, Meier said.
While summer sea ice has covered more of the Arctic in the past two years than in the record low of 2012, it does not mean the Arctic is returning to average conditions. This year's minimum extent fits with a long downward trend in which the Arctic Ocean has lost about 13 percent of its sea ice per decade since the late 1970s.
To measure sea ice extent, scientists include areas that are at least 15 percent ice-covered. The NASA-developed computer program, which is one of several methods scientists use to calculate extent, is based on data from sensors on the NASA's Nimbus 7 satellite, which operated from 1978 to 1987, and the U.S. Department of Defense's Defense Meteorological Satellite Program, which has provided information since 1987.
The map above shows the extent of arctic sea ice on September 17, 2014. The map is based on data from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) sensor on Japan's Global Change Observation Mission 1st-Water (GCOM-W1) satellite. The yellow outline on the map shows the median sea ice extent observed in September from 1981 through 2010.
Meanwhile, sea ice on the other side of the planet was headed in the opposite direction. The second map, also based on data from the AMSR2 sensor, shows Antarctic sea ice on September 19, 2014. While it was not yet possible to determine if the ice had reached its maximum extent for the year, the five-day average had already surpassed 20 million square kilometers (7.70 million square miles) for the first time in the modern satellite record, according to NSIDC.
“This is not unexpected,” said Nathan Kurtz, a cryospheric scientist at NASA Goddard. He noted that many climate models actually predict a short-term increase in Antarctic sea ice. Factors like increasing fresh water and higher wind speeds promote ice growth and expansion—factors that appear to be dominating right now. In the long-term, Kurtz added, “increasing near-surface air temperatures are expected to have the stronger effect and begin to melt the ice and halt the expansion.”
Sea ice around Antarctica has been increasing, but not by much. “The overall trend of sea ice expansion in the Antarctic is only one-third of the magnitude of the decrease in arctic sea ice,” Kurtz said.
Antarctic sea ice develops and evolves under vastly different circumstances than Arctic sea ice. In the north, sea ice sits in a nearly land-locked ocean, while sea ice in the southern hemisphere exists in the open ocean surrounding an extensive land mass. This geography affects how the ice expands and retreats in response to climate, leading in part to the differing sea ice scenarios at the two poles.
References and Further Reading
- NASA Goddard YouTube (2014, September 22) Arctic sea ice reaches 2014 minimum extent. Accessed September 23, 2014.
- NASA Earth Observatory World of Change: Arctic Sea Ice.
- NASA (2012, October 23) Opposite Behaviors? Arctic Sea Ice Shrinks, Antarctic Grows. Accessed September 23, 2014.
- National Snow & Ice Data Center (2014, September 22) Arctic Sea Ice News & Analysis. Accessed September 23, 2014.It turned out that the Moon is older than the scientists expected – it is as much as the age of 4.51 billion years.
These latest estimates were made possible thanks to the rocks and soil collected by astronauts of mission “Apollo” in 1971
One research group reported on Wednesday that the Moon was formed more than 60 million years after the birth of the Solar system. According to previous estimates, the formation of the moon occurred in the period after 100-200 million years, counting from the time of completion of formation of the Solar system, so its age is not exactly 4.6 billion years.
These scientists, led by Melanie Barboni (Melanie Barboni), University of California, Los Angeles (University of California, Los Angeles, UCLA), USA, conducted a Dating method radioisotope analysis of the content of radioactive isotopes of uranium and lead in the mineral zircon, extracted from lunar samples brought to Earth by the astronauts of mission “Apollo”.
The moon was formed from debris torn from the Earth, and the age of the planet is approximately 4,54 billion years.
Some of these eight samples of zircon was used in a previous study, also conducted within the walls of UCLA, however, in that study methods have been applied had significantly more limitations. Barbone also said that she continues to explore the zircon samples collected by the astronauts of mission “Apollo”, however, does not think that her estimate of the age of the moon will change more than to 4.52 billion years.Purchase Your Course Now, Purchase Your University Credits Later! Or purchase both at once!
This course will teach learners effective strategies for both preventing and responding to disruptive behavior from K-12 students. Module 1 focuses on strategies that aim to prevent disruptive behavior from occurring at all. These strategies include establishing clear rules and procedures, and using positive reinforcement to emphasize behavioral expectations.
Module 2 focuses on strategies for responding to disruptive behavior if and when it does occur. These strategies include a five-step verbal technique designed to stop disruptive behavior in its tracks, as well as a range of other strategies for handling low-level disruptions. The course will also cover how to select and deliver effective consequences that encourage students to reflect on the disruptive behavior, and make better choices about their behavior in the future.
The final project of this course asks learners to create an action plan mapping out how to handle a common scenario of disruptive student behavior that they are currently experiencing or have frequently experienced in the past (and anticipate experiencing again).
University pricing options
*subject to changeIELTS Academic Writing Task 1 with answer.
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The charts below give information about the diet and general health of two groups of students.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
You should write at least 150 words.
The given pie charts present data about the general health and diet habit of two student groups. Overall, foods with high fat content have a direct relationship with overweight, less attendance in class, and illness.
As is observed from the given pie chart, the two groups of students were categorized in group A and group B. In group A, students ate 35% cereal, 8% fruit, 5% fish, 22% vegetable and 30% foods with high fat. On the contrary the students of group B ate more fat mixed foods (50%), less vegetable (only 5%), less fruit (5%) and equal fish items (5%) that students in group A ate. Due to this food habits, students of group A had better health conditions and more class attendance. While students from group A only 10% students were overweight, this percentage was double for group B. Illness among the first group was reported only 5% compared to 12% illness in group B. Finally students of group A had 90% class presence against 75% class attendance by group B students.Pazarlama faaliyetlerinizin sonucunda yeni müşteri adayları elde edersiniz. Pazarlamanın bir maliyeti vardır, bu nedenle bütçenizi akıllıca harcamak istersiniz.
Pazarlama verimliliğinin iyi bir ölçütü, nitelikli müşteri adayı başına maliyeti ölçmektir. Muhtemelen her bir pazarlama kanalı için nasıl bir maliyetiniz olduğunu biliyorsunuz, ancak bunların her birinin ne kadar nitelikli müşteri adayı getirdiğini de bilmeniz gerekir.
Bunu yapmak için, her bir müşteri adayı kaynağını takip etmeniz gerekir. Bu amaçla, her bir müşteri adayının geldiği kaynağı belirlemek için kaynak alanındaki seçeneklerden birini işaretleyebilirsiniz.
En yaygın müşteri adayı kaynakları arasında çevrimiçi reklam kampanyaları, telefon arama kampanyaları, ticari fuarlar vb. yer alır. Yöneticiniz, kontrol paneli ayarlarını kullanarak TeamGram tarafından takip edilecek müşteri adayı kaynaklarını tanımlayabilir.
Bir müşteri adayının kaynağını belirlemek, müşteri adayının nasıl oluşturulduğunu anlamanıza yardımcı olur. Böylece her bir müşteri adayının nasıl bir performans sergilediğini gösteren raporlar ve grafikler oluşturabilirsiniz.Il corsaro e scrittore inglese William Dampier (1652-1715) esplorò la costa dell'Australia occidentale e stimolò l'interesse per il Pacifico attraverso popolari libri di viaggio.
William Dampier nacque il figlio di un contadino del Somerset nel giugno 1652. Navigò verso Terranova e le Indie Orientali quando era ancora un ragazzo e prese parte alla Terza Guerra Olandese (1672-1674). Dopo un breve soggiorno in Giamaica come sottosegretario di una piantagione, si unì ai bucanieri dei Caraibi nel periodo di massimo splendore del capitano Morgan. Nel 1686 il capitano Swan della Cygnet, in cui Dampier stava navigando, decise di cercare premi nel Pacifico prima di tornare in Inghilterra. Dopo aver trascorso 6 mesi nelle Filippine, l'equipaggio di Swan ha sequestrato la nave e ha navigato nelle acque dell'Estremo Oriente tra Cina e Australia. Dampier trascorse quindi l'estate del 1688 a King Sound, nell'Australia occidentale. Dopo essere stato abbandonato su una delle isole Nicobare, viaggiò in canoa nativa fino a Sumatra e prestò servizio come artigliere a Bencoelen prima di tornare in Inghilterra.
Dampier ha registrato i dettagli delle sue incredibili avventure insieme ai dati di navigazione in un diario su cui si è basato Un nuovo viaggio intorno al mondo (1967) e Viaggi e descrizioni (1699). Impressionato dal suo lavoro, l'Ammiragliato inglese gli commissionò il grado di capitano per comandare una spedizione per esplorare la costa australiana. Raggiunse Shark Bay, nell'Australia occidentale, nell'agosto del 1699 e, utilizzando le carte di Tasman, risalì la costa per un mese alla ricerca di un estuario. Dopo essersi ripreso a Timor, ha proceduto lungo la costa settentrionale della Nuova Guinea e ha scoperto la Nuova Gran Bretagna, ma ha abbandonato i piani per esplorare la costa orientale dell'Australia perché la sua nave, la HMS Capriolo, era in cattive condizioni. Sulla via di casa, il capriolo maschino fu perso al largo dell'isola di Ascensione e l'equipaggio fu salvato dal ritorno degli uomini dell'India orientale.
Una corte marziale nel 1702 trovò Dampier non idoneo a comandare una nave da guerra. Durante i successivi 4 anni guidò una spedizione corsara fallita nei mari del sud. Tra il 1708 e il 1711 fece nuovamente il giro del mondo come pilota per il capitano Woodes Rogers, un corsaro sponsorizzato dai mercanti di Bristol. Fu durante questo viaggio che Alexander Selkirk, che in precedenza era stato abbandonato dall'equipaggio di una nave al comando di Dampier, fu prelevato in una delle isole Juan Fernández nel Pacifico meridionale. Dampier morì a Londra nel marzo 1715 prima di ricevere la sua parte del bottino della spedizione.
Ulteriori letture
Un resoconto di Dampier che rileva sia i suoi successi che i suoi difetti è Christopher Lloyd, William Dampier (1966). Vedi anche Clennell Wilkinson, Dampier: Explorer e Buccaneer (1929). C'è un racconto entusiasmante di bucanieri nei Caraibi e nel Pacifico in PK Kemp e Christopher Lloyd, I fratelli della costa (1960). □住在橘子里的仙女读后感在这个寒假里，我读了黄蓓佳阿姨的一本倾情小说，故事中的内容令人不禁泪下。
故事中的泽玛姬善良纯真，所以被拉珍一次次陷害。
而泽玛姬都没与任何防备。
故事的主人公是一位善良而淘气的王子和美丽的仙子泽玛姬，他们经历了许多磨难，终于在最后走在了一起。 故事的主人公是一位善良而淘气的王子和美丽的仙子泽玛姬，他们经历了许多磨难，终于在最后走在了一起。 故事是这样的，一天，小王子得到了一把弹弓，便起了玩心，打算射鸟，可看见了一个在挑水的老婆婆，谁知石块直接射向了水桶，结果老婆婆全身都湿了，而且水桶也坏了，王子向老婆婆道了歉，并帮老婆婆修好了水桶。
老婆婆见小王子是个心地善良的人，便告诉小王子在遥远的橘子林里，有一个住在橘子里的仙女，它既美丽又善良，并且娶到她的人将一生幸福。
小王子历尽千辛万苦，在种种磨难下，终于找到了仙子泽玛姬，但是泽玛姬的侍女，因为想当上王妃，所以三番五次的陷害泽玛姬，最后，终于邪不胜正，侍女拉珍在一次陷害泽玛姬中从八楼掉下去了，从此泽玛姬和小王子过着幸福快乐的日子。
在这个故事中，我明白了坚持。 有句名言是这样说的永远没有人力可以击退一个艰巨强毅的希望。 只要我们有坚定目标，即使在这过程中有多大的困难险阻，只要有决心，任何事情都不在话下。
坚持，是一件说起来容易做起来难的事，这两个字是我们耐力和决心的结合。
他同样也是一种态度是大家必有而又难得珍存的一种态度。
我想，我们手随手可折的纸鹤，他虽让没有被赋予生命的色彩，他们拥有翅膀，有着飞入蓝天的梦想，他们不在乎别人的眼光，只管自己的梦想。
他们没有因为他人的冷漠而放弃希望。
我想，连一个小小的纸鹤都有飞天的梦，现在的我们又怎能放弃呢在我们通往梦想的路上，一定会有数不尽的风雨，但哪怕遍体鳞伤，我们也要为自己的梦想努力拼搏。 相信风雨后的彩虹。
就像小王子和泽玛姬一样，他们经历了多少磨难，但仍旧没有放弃希望，最后终于克服了重重困难，幸福的生活在了一起。 岁月把许多梦想化为泡影，因此给人留下了许多遗憾，所以我们一定不能重蹈覆辙，不能让软弱成为我们累赘。 就算最后的结果并不如意，毕竟我们曾经追逐过，努力过，这样我们就对得起自己的梦想。
但是，在那布满荆棘的路上，唯有坚持，才能使我们到达成功的彼岸。 请大家相信，成功只在太阳下闪烁，只在月亮下发光，没有努力的梦想就是一个空壳，同学们让我们一起努力，让梦想充实起来，也让我们为梦想努力一把，不留下任何遗憾!。A Douglas-fir tussock moth larva. Image courtesy United States Forest Service.
by Benjamin Recchie
Midwesterners don’t think much about Douglas fir, but these evergreens are important to the Pacific Northwest—both to its economy (as raw material for the timber industry) and to its ecology (as habitat for other living things). But there’s one living thing in the thousands of square miles of Douglas fir forests that worries the staff of the United States Forest Service, which oversees them: the Douglas-fir tussock moth. This moth,
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No razor may be used on their head. They must be holy until the period of their dedication to the LORD is over; they must let their hair grow long.”
Also, many of the other characters like Samson (Judges, 16:13) and John the Baptist are associated with dreadlocks.堪培拉8月20日讯——澳大利亚国立大学日前宣布，一项由该大学科学家参与的研究发现，在银河系中游荡的一颗小恒星很可能是几百万年前双星系统中一颗白矮星引发的大爆炸的“碎片”。
这可以帮助人们更好地理解恒星爆炸的原因，从而更好地研究宇宙的加速膨胀。
模拟:科学家在处女座研究了白矮星WD1145+017，处女座距离地球约571光年。
他们发现白矮星周围可能有六个或更多的小岩石物体在移动，这些岩石物体正在逐渐瓦解。
白矮星是低光度、高密度和高温的恒星。
因为它的颜色是白色，体积相对较小，所以被称为白矮星。
据参与该项研究的澳大利亚国立大学教授莉娅·费拉里奥称，当白矮星的质量达到太阳质量的1.4倍时，将会发生热核爆炸，导致白矮星完全或部分毁灭，当白矮星完全毁灭时，将会产生最强最亮的Ia型超新星。
Ia型超新星的亮度是均匀的，可以作为测量宇宙膨胀的标准参考。
白矮星为什么会爆炸？目前有两种理论。
一个认为两个白矮星结合形成了一个新的超高密度白矮星，另一个认为白矮星吞噬了它的巨大恒星伴星。
费拉里奥说他们的研究结果支持第二种理论，即白矮星吞噬他们的巨星伙伴，直到他们爆炸成超新星。
澳大利亚国立大学的科学家与他们在捷克、德国、匈牙利、美国、加拿大和其他国家的同行合作，用几架望远镜观察了一颗Ia型超新星的爆炸残留物，代号为LP40-365的“碎片”，它以非常高的速度穿过银河系。
研究人员已经建立了一个数学模型来确定它的特性，包括密度、温度和化学成分。
基于这项研究，研究人员相信在双星系统中，一颗高密度白矮星会抓住其巨大恒星伴星上的物质。随着白矮星攫取越来越多的物质，情况变得失控，强烈的热核爆炸摧毁了双星系统。
这颗爆炸碎片有一颗小恒星那么大，被抛入宇宙，飞行了数百万年。Student Education Kit
This Education Kit helps you learn everything you need to know about Guide Dogs and the work they do.
It will teach you:
- How a Guide Dog is raised and trained
- What you should do when you come across a Guide Dog
- Some of the common misconceptions surrounding Guide Dogs
If you would like to learn more, you can book one of our free Guide Dog Speakers to come to your school and give children an understanding of this very important and interesting subject. Find out more
The life of a Guide Dog
Learn in detail the different stages a Guide Dog will go through to become a fully trained, working Guide Dog. Learn about the different training techniques we use and also the important matching process where we ensure a Guide Dog and its new handler make a perfect team.
You can view and download the following files:
- Billy the Wonder Pup: The Puppy to Guide Dog Journey
- Guide Dog Fact Sheets
- Myths and Misconceptions about Guide Dogs
Each of these inspiring stories shows how important a Guide Dog is to its handler. These people give an account of their very personal experiences and how a Guide Dog has enabled them to live an independent life, regardless of their vision impairment.
For more videos produced by Guide Dogs, please visit our YouTube ChannelThe summer of 2016 was to be the 10th year of the Meewasin Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship at Beaver Creek Conservation Area. The closure of the Meewasin Valley Interpretive Centre as of July 1, 2016 and the cutting of key certified interpretive staff has an impact that does not allow the bird banding to continue. As a result the Meewasin bird banding program has been discontinued.
Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship (MAPS) is a bird monitoring program established by the Institute of Bird Populations based in California. Data collected from more than 500 participating members throughout Canada, Mexico and the continental United States are used to understand trends in landbird populations. Birds have been monitored for many years through various bird banding programs and are considered excellent indicators of the effects of environmental change, including climate change.
Birds are captured in mist nets and banded with a uniquely numbered band (unless previously banded) and released. Since 2007 Beaver Creek Conservation Area has participated in the program and has banded 1,149 individuals with a total of 37 species represented.
One of the highlights of each banding season is the recapture of birds banded from a year previous. In 2015 the following recaptures included: 3 American Redstarts (all from 2014), 2 Black-capped Chickadees (1 from 2011 and 1 from 2014), 4 Gray Catbirds (1 from 2010, 1 from 2012, and 2 from 2014), 1 Least Flycatcher (2014), 1 Song Sparrow (2014), 1 Veery (2012), and 10 Yellow Warblers (1 from 2010, 2 from 2011, 4 from 2012, and 3 from 2014).
MAPS offers valuable educational and scientific contributions to conservation. Its success is based on the aid of volunteers. The Beaver Creek Conservation Area MAPS program is a group effort between Meewasin Valley Authority staff and public volunteers.مدیرکل بهزیستی استان تهران گفت: به جای پول دادن به کودکان کار خیابانی از طریق اورژانس ۱۲۳ حضور این افراد را اطلاع دهید تا ساماندهی شوند.
مدیرکل بهزیستی استان تهران گفت: به جای پول دادن به کودکان کار خیابانی از طریق اورژانس ۱۲۳ حضور این افراد را اطلاع دهید تا ساماندهی شوند.
امین شاهرخی روز شنبه در جمع خبرنگاران به مناسبت روز جهانی مبارزه با کار کودکان در مرکز نگهداری کودکان یاسر اظهار داشت: مردم کمک های خود را از طریق بهزیستی اهدا کنند.
مدیرکل بهزیستی استان تهران با بیان اینکه چندین مرکز بزرگ را برای جمع آوری کودکان کار آماده شده است، گفت:۲ مرکز قرنطینه و سه مرکز نگهداری کودکان هم اکنون فعال است.
وی افزود: هیچ انسان فرهیخته ای راضی به این نیست که کودکش در سطح معابر اقدام به دست فروشی کند اما یک سری مسایل باعث حضور این کودکان شده است.
شاهرخی ادامه داد: کودکانی که در این مراکز نگهداری می شوند، دوست دارند در کنار خانواده هایشان باشند.
وی با بیان اینکه سازمان بهزیستی بر اساس تکلیفی که دارد طرح جذب و شناسایی کودکان کار را انجام می دهد، گفت: در این زمینه نشست های تخصصی از اسفند سال ۹۸ آغاز شد و از زمان شیوع ویروس کرونا این کار همچنان ادامه یافته است و با حمایت اورژانس اجتماعی شروع شد و اقدام به توزیع مواد ضدعفونی کرده و توصیه های لازم به خانواده های این کودکان ارایه شد.
مدیرکل بهزیستی استان تهران افزود: ساختار طرح های قبلی حمایت از کودکان کار، یک چرخه معیوب بود و چندین بار به صورت ناقص اجرا شده بود که این بار به صورت یک فرایند کامل در حال اجرا است.
وی، با اشاره به اینکه این طرح به صورت مداوم اجرا می شود و به صورت ضربتی و بگیر و ببند و مقطعی نیست، گفت: اوایل کودکان کار حاضر به حتی یک روز ماندن در مراکز نگهداری نبودند، اما امروزه جذب این مراکز شده اند که همه این مسایل حاکی از تلاش و اهتمام مسئولان بهزیستی است.
شاهرخی افزود: تعداد کودکان کار جذب شده ۹۲۳ نفر است که از این تعداد ۱۶۰ کودک ایرانی و ۸۵ درصد از اتباع بودند.
وی بیان داشت: در این طرح که نهایت به توانمندسازی خانواده کمک می کند، ثبت عنبیه و اطلاعات کودکان انجام می شود و کودکانی که پس از ترخیص از مراکز نگهداری بهزیستی به معابر دوباره بازگشته اند کمتر از انگشتان دست است.
مدیرکل بهزیستی استان تهران ابراز داشت : اکنون ۷۲۴ کودک ترخیص، و تعهد از خانواده های آنها گرفته شده و مورد حمایت بهزیستی هستند.
وی با اشاره به مرکز نگهداری کودکان کار یاسر گفت: تعداد کودکان کار در این مرکز نگهداری ۲۱ کودک است در حالی که ظرفیت این مرکز ۴۱ نفر است
وی گفت: ۶ هزار کودک کار و زباله گرد در استان تهران است که از این تعداد ۲هزار کودک کار هستند که بهزیستی در قبال آنها مسئول است و برای ساماندهی کودکان زباله گرد، پیمانکاران شهرداری اقدام خواهند کرد.I talebani stanno intensificando la caccia a tutti gli afghani che negli anni hanno lavorato e collaborato con la Nato e le forze statunitensi: e’ quanto emerge da un rapporto riservato realizzato dal Centro norvegese per le analisi globali, che fornisce informazioni di intelligence alle Nazioni Unite. Secondo quanto riporta la Bbc, che ha visionato il rapporto, i “talebani stanno arrestando e/o minacciando di uccidere o arrestare i membri delle famiglie degli individui presi di mira a meno che (questi) non si arrendano ai talebani“, si legge nel rapporto, secondo cui sono a rischio soprattutto le persone che avevano posizioni nell’esercito, nella polizia e nelle unita’ investigative. “I talebani hanno condotto una mappatura anticipata degli individui prima di prendere il controllo di tutte le principali citta’”, prosegue il documento aggiungendo che i fondamentalisti stanno inoltre effettuando controlli alla ricerca di individui sospetti anche all’aeroporto di Kabul, preso d’assalto da migliaia di afghani che cercano disperatamente di lasciare il Paese. Secondo il rapporto, infine, i talebani stanno reclutando nuovi informatori per creare network di collaboratori con il nuovo regime.
Intanto almeno due persone, un uomo e un ragazzo, sono rimaste ferite oggi a Jalalabad (est dell’Afghanistan) quando i talebani hanno sparato sulla folla che sventolava la bandiera nazionale in occasione delle celebrazioni dell’indipendenza del Paese. Lo riporta Al Jazeera, riferendo inoltre che a Khost (sud) i fondamentalisti hanno imposto il coprifuoco per impedire alla popolazione di protestare contro di loro.این درست است که در کشورهایی که «مذهب رسمی» دارند شکل حکومت سراسر سکولار نیست اما از نظر تاریخی این به معنای آن نبوده که حکومت آن کشورها لزوماً به «حکومت دینی» (theocracy) تبدیل شده باشد. مثلاً در بریتانیا دین رسمی، مسیحیت پروتستان است و به طور خاص در انگلستان از ۱۵۳۴ میلادی بدین سو «کلیسای انگلستان» کلیسای رسمی کشور بوده است. با این حال، در بریتانیا تعقیب و آزار رسمی ادیان دیگر وجود ندارد و همهی ادیان آزادند.硕士研究生论文网
硕士研究生论文-研究生毕业论文网
研究生毕业论文网
那天我在这里留言时，我晚上无法入睡，思考我是否可以毕业。如果我不能毕业该怎么办？后来我发现，就是我努力工作，即使盲目审判失败了，大学也没有理由不让我毕业，在去年的例子中，修订后的盲目审判被修改了，并且我可以准时毕业。这所大学不会那么不适应。毕竟，我没有窃。我写了足够的单词和页面，而且格式还不错。 论文啊，你不能让我失望，你会让我更坚强！
万方硕博论文库
由于写作能力不足或时间不足，有些学生选择寻找写作公司来帮助完成硕士论文。实际上，这也是解决硕士毕业论文写作问题的好方法，以便学生可以通过复习辩护，并成功获得。
研究生延毕毁终身
研究生学位证书。我也是论文拖延症的严重患者，我必须提交两周内进行了论文次盲目检查。 但是我只写了一半，有一个算法流程，并且代码尚未编写。真的很痛苦我每天早起，整天写。我中午不睡觉，晚上10:30回到宿舍。但是速度仍然很慢，每天一千个单词，如果继续下去，可以在截止日期之前完成，并且没有时间进行修改。昨晚我回到卧室，躺在床上，非常着急，想了很多，我能写完吗？我可以通过盲人审判吗？如果失败将延迟多长时间？工作会延迟吗？如果我想再次找工作该怎么办？只在三，四点就睡着了。嘿，明天继续努力。几天后天气会很热。如果进度没有加快，请移至实验室，在晚上入睡并整夜进行。在这里留言，如果在两个月内通过了盲目审判，那我会有什么感觉？无论如何，我最后一次写论文，而我再也不想写论文。[Date Prev][Date Next][Thread Prev][Thread Next][Date Index][Thread Index]
In Turchia la censura e' ufficiale
Fonte: Punto Informatico
http://punto-informatico.it/ps.asp?i=40367&p=1
Approvata una legge che pone i media in mano ai pochi gia' padroni
dell'informazione turca. Chi vuole aprire un sito dovra' chiedere
l'autorizzazione e spedire copia dei contenuti agli uffici governativi. UE
sempre piu' lontana
In Turchia la censura e' ufficiale
31/05/02 - News - Roma - Obtorto collo, il presidente turco Ahmet Necdet
Sezer ha dovuto porre la propria firma sotto una legge che e' divenuta
cosi' ufficiale, una normativa che allontana il suo paese dall'Europa e che
pone una cappa di censura e di controllo su internet e i media. Sezer aveva
gia' posto il veto su una normativa del tutto simile ma ora, con la sua
seconda riproposizione, non ha il potere per fermarla e ha solo potuto
trasmetterla alla Corte Costituzionale per una revisione.
Con la promulgazione, la Turchia si dota di una normativa che pone nelle
mani dei pochi grandi gruppi che gia' controllano i media un potere nuovo,
quello di poter esplicitamente affermare la proprieta' dei mezzi di
comunicazione. Fino ad oggi, infatti, era stato necessario per queste
entita' ricorrere ad una serie di "societa' prestanome" che allontanassero
i rischi di guai giudiziari dovuti alla creazione di oligopoli nel mondo
della stampa e dell'informazione. Ora non c'e' piu' bisogno del giochino
delle tre carte e le cose possono essere dichiarate ufficialmente.
La normativa prevede che siano messe fuorilegge le notizie "che raccontano
bugie" e rende un reato promuovere il "pessimismo" o la "disperazione"
(bugie, appunto). Il tutto con una vaghezza che non puo' garantire alcuna
certezza del diritto.
La nuova legge ne "approfitta" anche per rendere illegale qualsiasi genere
di trasmissione in curdo. La liceita' di media curdi e' tra i requisiti che
l'Unione Europea ha sottoposto alla Turchia tra quelli a cui il paese
dovra' adattarsi se intende entrare nella UE.
Ma non e' solo questo. Con una mossa che ricorda, ma solo in parte, la
legge sull'editoria italiana, la nuova normativa turca di fatto pone
internet nello stesso regime di controllo gia' previsto per la stampa. In
pratica tutte le attivita' online sono ora sotto il controllo della
Commissione Radio e Televisione.
Questo significa che l'apertura di un sito da parte di un cittadino turco
si trasforma nella necessita' di richiedere l'autorizzazione esplicita
delle autorita' governative. Non solo, tutti i materiali pubblicati
dovranno essere trasmessi per conoscenza alle medesime autorita' di
controllo. Qualsiasi giudice in questo quadro puo' chiedere a qualunque
sito internet di presentare alle autorita' di controllo anche ogni
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section. Before writing, decide exactly how elements will be laid out in the section, using the pattern of openers, body of the section (with multiple integrated pedagogical devices), and closers (take a look at the Open Education Network’s list of each). Compare this layout with traditional textbooks, work with instructional designers, and test it out visually in a model chapter on your publishing platform. If you’re including interactive or multimedia content in your text, be sure to provide an overview of any special tools used to your authors. Identify areas relating to accessibility and formatting that could begin at the same time as writing, and include them in your author guide. This will help you more easily work through the remaining phases in the publishing process, as you’re setting up for future tasks.
With all this set, you are ready to begin writing! Keep in mind some considerations as you go, and remember that you will continue to refine drafts during editing and review. Writing can take place over a long period, so do what you can to continuously engage and motivate all the authors on your team.علیرضا ارجمندی مدیرکل میراثفرهنگی، گردشگری و صنایعدستی استان قم در گفتگو با خبرنگار فارس گفت: در ۲ سال گذشته ۵ هتل و مهمانپذیر و تعداد زیادی خانه مسافر افتتاح شده و در هفته دولت نیز ۳ مهانپذیر و یک اقامتگاه سنتی را افتتاح خواهیم کرد. وی افزود: بالای ۵۶ پروژه در دست اجرا داریم که با توجه […]
علیرضا ارجمندی مدیرکل میراثفرهنگی، گردشگری و صنایعدستی استان قم در گفتگو با خبرنگار فارس گفت: در ۲ سال گذشته ۵ هتل و مهمانپذیر و تعداد زیادی خانه مسافر افتتاح شده و در هفته دولت نیز ۳ مهانپذیر و یک اقامتگاه سنتی را افتتاح خواهیم کرد.
وی افزود: بالای ۵۶ پروژه در دست اجرا داریم که با توجه به بالا رفتن هزینه ها در ۳ سال گذشته، مالکان این پروژه ها به دنبال دریافت وام از دولت هستند و در مجموع رقمی بیش از ۱۰۰۰ و صد ملیارد تومان تسهیلات از محل تبصره ۱۸ قانون بودجه، تقاضای وام صورت گرفته است.
ارجمندی با اشاره به لزوم افزایش ظرفیت گردشگری استان قم افزود: در سال گذشته تنها ۲۰۰ میلیارد تومان از تسهیلات درخواستی جذب شده و برخی پروژه های ما به افتتاح رسید؛ اما با وجود تلاش سرمایه گذاران، بدون دریافت تسهیلات نمی توانیم شاهد جهشی در بحث هتل داری و گردشگری استان باشیم.
وی افزود: بیش از ۲۵ پروژه بالای ۷۰ درصد آمادگی به استانداری معرفی شده که در صورت همکاری بانک ها قریب به ۱۵ مورد از آنها به زودی به بهره برداری خواهد رسید؛ واقعیت این است که هزینه فعلی تکمیل پروژه ها بیش از چند برابر برآوردهای اولیه بوده و اتمام آنها نیازمند دستگیری دولت است.
مدیرکل میراث فرهنگی قم گفت: استان قم در مجموع بیش از ۱۴ هزار تخت دارد که تنها ۶ هزار تخت آن رسمی ست و الباقی یعنی رقمی در حدود ۶ تا ۷ هزار تخت در قالب خانه مسافر و هتل های یک ستاره و… دسته بندی می شود و ما با اجرای طرح های تشویقی به دنبال بالابردن ظرفیت تخت در همه وجوه هستیم.
افزایش ۱۶۰۰ نفری ظرفیت گردشگری با افتتاح ۲ زائرسرا
وی از افزایش ظرفیت هتلی قم در آینده نزدیک خبر داده و گفت: دو زائرسرا در جمکران و پردیسان در دست احداث بوده و مجوزشان صادر شده که ساختمان یکی از این دو آماده و نزدیک به بهره برداری است و افتتاح این دو مجموعه جمعا قریب به ۱۰۰۰ و ششصد تخت به ظرفیت استان خواهد افزود.
ارجمندی پیرامون سوال خبرنگار فارس از بالابودن برخی قیمت ها در حوزه هتل داری و گردشگری قم به دو نکته بالاتر بودن تقاضا نسبت به عرضه در اغلب ایام و پایین بودن ظرفیت به طور کلی، اشاره کرد و گفت: بالا بودن قیمت در قم نسبت به تهران و یا به ویژه شهر زیارتی مانند مشهد مقدس به واسطه آن است که در مشهد عرضه بیشتر از تقاضاست و چند ماه از سال برای واحدهای صنفی امکان اعطای تخفیف وجود دارد.
وی تاکید کرد: در هر صورت در صورت وصول شکایت پیرامون دریافت مبلغی بالاتر از نرخ مصوب و یا مشاهده گرانفروشی، برخورد جدی خواهیم کرد.
گفتنی ست تسهیلات تبصره ۱۸ قانون بودجه مطابق دستورالعمل اجرایی معاون اول رئیس جمهور در ۱۴ تیر ۱۴۰۲، از جمله مهمترین ابزار ایجاد حمایت از تولید و اشتغال پایدار و رشد تولید ملی، با تاکید بر یکپارچه سازی حمایت های دولت و بسط عدالت سرزمینی در راستای رشد و پیشرفت استانهای کشور خواهد بود.
استان قم به واسطه ظرفیت معنوی، علمی و پزشکی مقصد زائران، دانشجویان و گردشگران سلامت است که رشد و بهره مندی بیشتر از آن، در گرو توسعه زیرساخت های مختلفی از جمله افزایش ظرفیت گردشگری با حمایت بیش از پیش دولت خواهد بود.
پایان پیام/Professor researches vaccine for possible biological weapon
Dr. Joseph Horzempa was given a grant of half a million dollars to study Francisella tularensis, West Virginia Public Broadcasting reports.
"Some bacteria, you need to have a million bacteria, like salmonella or ecoli, in order for an infection to be established," Horzempa said, according to West Virginia Public Broadcasting. "So you would have to inject a whole lot of those bacteria in order to get some kind of disease that comes with it. Francisella you only need a single bacterium. So it's just about the most infectious thing on the planet."
Horzempa first began his research on Francisella tularensis when he was at the University of Pittsburgh. His research came at a time when the government was showing renewed interest in bioterrorism and funding defense research, West Virginia Public Broadcasting reports.
Horzempa previously found that the bacterium invades red blood cells, and his current research looks for ways to inhibit this invasion, according to West Virginia Public Broadcasting.按
美国众议院能源和商业委员会成员，民主党德克萨斯州代表雷蒙德尤金格林发表了一份有关阿塞拜疆民主共和国一百周年的声明。
格林在声明中说：“我今天为纪念阿塞拜疆共和国诞辰100周年而起立，并向阿塞拜疆共和国和所有阿塞拜疆人表示祝贺。 “1918年5月28日，阿塞拜疆民主共和国成立，成为第一个穆斯林民主国家，并首次从俄罗斯帝国获得独立。 虽然这种独立最初是短暂的，在1920年俄罗斯入侵时被夺去，但阿塞拜疆于1991年10月18日再次成为一个独立国家，此后一直是南高加索地区美国日益重要的盟友。
“就像我所代表的城市一样，休斯顿，阿塞拜疆令人印象深刻的经济增长受到石油和天然气行业的推动，并通过适应该行业的发展而形成，”该声明说。 “许多美国和国际能源公司在阿塞拜疆和里海茁壮成长。 阿塞拜疆迅速发展其能源基础设施和专业知识，通过确保向欧洲提供稳定和充足的能源流动，帮助其在保护欧洲能源安全和美国地缘政治利益方面发挥关键作用。 作为一个世俗的穆斯林国家，阿塞拜疆是将妇女享有平等政治权利的先驱，成为第一个在1918年赋予妇女投票权的穆斯林国家。“
“9/11之后，阿塞拜疆曾经并将继续成为美国重要的反恐伙伴，参与打击国际恐怖主义的联盟，派遣自己的军队支持美国领导的在阿富汗，科索沃和伊拉克的军事行动，”他指出。 。 “阿塞拜疆是推动世界舞台上全球安全和外交接触的重要角色。 它拥有世界贸易组织的观察员地位，2012年至2013年是联合国安理会非常任理事国，是北约和平伙伴关系计划和欧安组织的成员。
格林说：“我祝贺阿塞拜疆人民百年庆典，并祝愿他们多了几个世纪的繁荣和成功。”
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می خواهید وزن کم کنید؟ موثرترین شیوه کم کردن دریافت کالری ها و بالا بردن میزان سوزاندن آنها، افزایش فعالیت جسمی است. اما چقدر فعالیت جسمی برای سوزاندن کالری های اضافی لازم است؟ با چه شدتی و چه مقدار باید ورزش کرد؟ و بهترین زمان ورزش در روز چه زمانی است؟ در «تناسب اندام» این هفته، پاسخ این پرسش های تان را خواهید گرفت…
● با چه شدتی ورزش کنیم؟
انجام ورزش با شدت متوسط برای بیشتر افراد بی خطر است و به میزان زیادی به بهبود وضعیت سلامت کمک می کند. اگر وضعیت بدنی مناسبی داشته باشید، افزودن فعالیت های شدید جسمی به تمرین ها باعث می شود زمان لازم برای ورزش کاهش یابد و سلامت تر باشید. اگر آمادگی بدنی کافی ندارید، به تدریج شدت فعالیت جسمی تان را بالا ببرید.
فعالیت های باشدت بیشتر ممکن است خطر آسیب عضلات یا مفاصل را بالا ببرد و اندکی امکان دچار شدن به مشکل وخیم قلبی را افزایش دهد، به خصوص افرادی که به انجام فعالیت جسمی عادت نداشته اند و ناگهان ورزش کردن با شدت زیاد را شروع کرده اند. گرچه خطر کلی مرگ ناشی از بیماری قلبی در افرادی که ورزش می کنند، از افرادی که ورزش نمی کنند، کمتر است.
● اما چگونه می توان شدت ورزش را ارزیابی کرد؟
ساده ترین راه این است که شدت هر فعالیتی را به رده هایی کلی مانند سبک، متوسط یا شدید طبقه بندی کنید. با افزایش آمادگی بدنی، متوجه خواهید شد ادراک شما از شدت یک فعالیت معین، برای مثال بالا رفتن از یک تپه، تغییر می کند.
این جدول تغییرات جسمی در ورزش با هر شدتی را تعیین می کند. اگر تازه یک برنامه ورزشی را شروع کرده اید، هدفتان را رسیدن به شدت متوسط قرار دهید. البته اگر دچار مشکلات قلبی یا معلولیت هایی هستید که فعالیت در حد متوسط را برایتان ناممکن می کند، هر مقدار فعالیت که در توانتان است انجام دهید.
بعدها با رسیدن به آمادگی بدنی متوجه خواهید شد انجام تمرین برایتان ساده تر شده است. هر وقت انجام یک فعالیت برایتان ساده شد، مدت یا شدت انجام آن را بیشتر کنید.
● چقدر ورزش کنیم؟
خوردن یک تکه شکلات ممکن است یکی دو دقیقه بیشتر طول نکشد، اما سوزاندن کالری حاصل از آن در اغلب افراد ۴۰ دقیقه پیاده روی می خواهد. برای اینکه حدود نیم کیلوگرم وزن کمک کنید هم باید حدود ۳۵۰۰ کالری بسوزانید. انجام این کار با فعالیت بدنی ممکن است و به ۴ هفته ورزش با شدت متوسط و مرتب نیاز دارد.
از سوی دیگر، اگر کمتر از ۵۰۰ کالری در روز غذا بخورید، هفته ای نیم کیلوگرم وزن از دست خواهید داد بنابراین شاید به نظرتان برسد رژیم گرفتن راهی کوتاه تر برای رسیدن به وزن مطلوب است اما ورزش منظم، فایده های دیگری غیر از سوزاندن کالری ها هم دارد، مثلا میزان مصرف انرژی را در حال استراحت هم اندکی افزایش می دهد.
به عبارت دیگر، پس از انجام ورزش و هنگامی که در حال استراحت هستید، کالری می سوزانید. از طرفی، کاهش وزنی که با افزایش میزان فعالیت ایجاد می شود، فقط از چربی است. برخی از بررسی ها بیانگر آن است که ورزش بیشتر «چربی شکمی» را هدف قرار می دهد که در دچار شدن به فشارخون بالا، بیماری قلبی عروقی و دیابت نقش دارد.
● برای سوزاندن نیم کیلوگرم چربی باید چقدر ورزش کنیم؟
حدود ۳ هزار و ۵۰۰ کالری اضافی را باید با انجام فعالیت جسمی سوزاند تا نیم کیلوگرم چربی بدن کاهش یابد.
پیاده روی یا دویدن آرام (جاگینگ) حدود ۱۰۰ کالری را به ازای هر ۶/۱ کیلومتر می سوزاند.
تقریبا به ازای هر ۵۶ کیلومتر پیاده روی، بدن نیم کیلوگرم چربی از دست می دهد به شرطی که میزان دریافت غذا و سایر فعالیت های جسمی ثابت بماند.
اگر پیاده روی سریع با سرعت ۵/۶ کیلومتر در ساعت، به مدت نیم ساعت ۵ روز از هفته انجام دهید، حدود ۱۶ کیلومتر در هفته خواهید پیمود و در پایان ۳ هفته و نیم، حتی اگر میزان کالری های مصرفی تان ثابت بماند، احتمالا نیم کیلوگرم از وزنتان کاهش خواهد یافت.
اگر در همین مدت، میزان غذایی که می خورید، در حد چند صد کالری در روز کاهش دهید، سرعت کاهش وزن بیشتر هم می شود.
● روزانه چقدر باید ورزش کرد؟
برای اغلب افراد بزرگسال سالم این اصول راهنما را می توان برای تعیین میزان ورزش به کار برد:
تمرین های هوازی: حداقل ۱۵۰ دقیقه در هفته فعالیت هوازی در حد متوسط یا ۷۵ دقیقه در هفته فعالیت هوازی شدید انجام دهید. همچنین می توانید به ترکیبی از فعالیت متوسط و شدید بپردازید سرعت انجام تمرین ها را در طول هفته افزایش دهید.
تمرین های قدرتی: تمرین های قدرتی را حداقل ۲ بار در هفته انجام دهید. مدت زمان خاصی برای هر بار انجام تمرین های قدرتی تعیین نشده است.
ورزش هوازی در حد متوسط شامل فعالیت هایی مانند پیاده روی سریع، شنا یا کوتاه کردن چمن با ماشین چمن زنی است و ورزش هوازی شدید شامل فعالیت هایی مانند دویدن یا آیروبیک می شود. تمرین های قدرتی نیز استفاده از ماشین های وزنه زنی یا فعالیت هایی مانند صخره نوردی هستند.
به عنوان یک هدف کلی، حداقل ۳۰ دقیقه فعالیت جسمی در هر روز لازم است. اگر می خواهید وزن کم کنید یا به درجه معینی از آمادگی بدنی برسید، ممکن است لازم باشد بیشتر ورزش کنید. آیا می خواهید هدف بالاتری برای خود تعیین کنید؟ می توانید با افزایش مدت ورزش به ۳۰۰ دقیقه در هفته، سلامت بیشتری پیدا کنید.
یک سوال دیگر درباره مدت هر بار فعالیت ورزشی است؛ پرداختن به ورزش کوتاه مدت در چند نوبت بهتر است یا ورزش طولانی مدت در دفعات کمتر؟ پاسخ این است که فرقی نمی کند، حتی دوره های کوتاه مدت فعالیت جسمی هم مفید است مثلا اگر نمی توانید ۳۰ دقیقه مداوم پیاده روی کنید، می توانید ۳ بار پیاده روی ۱۰ دقیقه ای انجام دهید. مهم ترین نکته این است که فعالیت جسمی را مرتب انجام دهید و ورزش به بخشی از زندگی روزانه تان تبدیل شود.
● بهترین زمان برای ورزش کردن کدام است؟
برخی افراد سر ساعت ۶ صبح لباس ورزشی می پوشند و برای دویدن بیرون می روند. برخی دیگر تا پیش از ظهر حوصله ورزش ندارند و پیاده روی پس از شام در محله شان را ترجیح می دهند. اما بهترین زمان برای ورزش کدام است؟
حقیقت این است که در حال حاضر شواهد قابل اعتمادی در این باره وجود ندارد که نشان دهد ورزش در کدام هنگام روز باعث سوزاندن کالری بیشتری می شود اما زمانی از روز که در آن ورزش می کنید، بر «احساس شما» از ورزش کردن تاثیر خواهدگذاشت. به گفته کارشناسان، باید زمانی از روز را انتخاب کنید که بتوانید مرتب در آن ورزش کنید تا ورزش به عادت روزانه تان تبدیل شود.
ساعت شبانه روزی بدن: ریتم شبانه روزی بدن شما تعیین کننده این است که آدمی سحرخیز یا شب زنده دار هستید و نمی توانید کار زیادی برای تغییر این ریتم انجام دهید.
ریتم های شبانه روزی بدن براساس الگوی ۲۴ ساعته چرخش زمین است. این ریتم ها بر کارکردهای بدن مانند فشارخون، درجه حرارت بدن، میزان هورمون ها و سرعت ضربان قلب اثر می گذارند و همه این عوامل ممکن است نقشی در آمادگی بدنی شما برای ورزش داشته باشند بنابراین برای پیاده روی یا رفتن به باشگاه ورزشی باید به ساعت بدنی خود توجه داشته باشید.
البته عوامل دیگری هم بر زمان ورزش کردن شما تاثیر دارند، مانند برنامه های خانوادگی، کار یا در دسترس بودن دوستی که همراه شما ورزش کند.
مزایای ورزش بامدادی: کارشناسان می گویند اگر در مرتب ورزش کردن مشکل دارید، ساعت های بامدادی بهترین زمان برای ورزش کردن شماست. پژوهش ها نشان می دهد افرادی که صبح ها ورزش می کنند، از لحاظ تداوم برنامه ورزشی شان بهتر عمل می کنند. علت شاید این باشد که در این هنگام سایر فشارهای روزانه کمتر فرد را تحت تاثیر قرار می دهد.
البته با توجه به اینکه درجه حرارت بدن در صبح ها پایین تر است، باید نسبت به سایر اوقات روز زمان بیشتری را به گرم کردن بدنتان اختصاص دهید. البته بی خوابی در شب قبل ممکن است مانع آن شود که صبح بتوانید به راحتی از بستر برخیزید و به ورزش بپردازید، بنابراین حفظ عادت منظم و مناسب خواب برای جلوگیری از بی خواب شدن ضروری است، مثل اینکه خودتان را پیش از زمان خواب آرام کنید.
رسیدن درجه حرارت بدن و سرعت ضربان قلب به حد استراحت برای به خواب رفتن ضروری است، بنابراین فعالیت جسمی یا غذاخوردن در دیروقت شب ممکن است مانع از به خواب رفتن شما شود. هم فعالیت کردن و هم غذاخوردن درجه حرارت بدن و سرعت ضربان قلب را بالا می برند.
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infants, when asked to give a toy to the actor, would reach more often for the toy consistently chosen by the actor in previous trials, thus implying that the infant understood the actor's preference.
The experiments were conducted on a sample of 60 healthy, full-term infants with an even split of males and females ranging in age from 7 to 9 months and an average age of 8 1/2 months.
Seated on a parent's lap, the infants watched as a young woman reached out and grabbed one of two stuffed animals on the stage, either a white-and-brown dog or a yellow duck with orange beak and a purple bonnet.
During the "familiarization" phase of these experiments, the toy selection process was repeated four times under three separate conditions.
In the "consistent" condition, a woman in a blue or black shirt picked up the yellow duck four times in a row. In the "inconsistent" condition, the same woman picked up the duck three times and the dog once. And, in the "two actor" condition, the woman in the blue shirt selected the duck three times, while another woman in a white shirt selected the dog once.
After each four-trial familiarization phase, the researcher observed the babies' reactions as the women reappeared on the stage and made a fifth selection, either going back to the previously targeted duck or making a new selection of the dog.
Two trained observers watched the babies' reactions through concealed peepholes and independently coded the babies' "looking time" responses based on seconds spent watching each toy-selection event. Video cameras captured both the babies' reactions and the toy-selection process so that response time coding could be further analyzed and confirmed.
Findings confirmed that the babies spent about 50 percent more time looking at selections that represented a break from consistent patterns made in the familiarization trials.
"Infants who saw someone make the same choice three or four times in a row showed clear signs of being surprised when that person did not follow the same pattern in the future," Markson said. "They obviously paid more attention to actions that did not fit their assumptions about what toys the women appeared to prefer most."
In a second phase of the study, researchers reaffirmed their findings using a variation on the experiment in which the women who had chosen the stuffed animals during the trial phase asked the infant to choose between two toys by saying: "Can you give it to me? Can you give me the toy?"
In this variation, the infants also seemed to have made assumptions about the women's toy preferences, reaching for the stuffed animal that had been consistently chosen by the woman during the trial phase.
"Our study is the first one to show how inconsistent choices affect infants' understanding about others' preferences," Markson said. "Based on these findings, we hope to further explore how ratios of consistent/inconsistent choices matter to infants and eventually compare infants' understanding to adults' knowledge about others' choices."
Other co-authors include Laura Hennefield, a postdoctoral research associate at Washington University; and Yi Mou and Kristy van Marle of the University of Missouri-Columbia.What Are Nightshade Vegetables?
Nightshades are members of the Solanaceae family (tomatoes, peppers, eggplants). They include bell peppers, eggplant, cabbage and cauliflower. All these plants contain chemicals called terpenes which have been used medicinally for centuries. However, it was not until the 1970’s when scientists discovered that some of these compounds had anti-inflammatory properties. These compounds were named “cannabinoids” because they are found in marijuana.
The most well known cannabinoid is THC or tetrahydrocannabinol, which produces its effects by interacting with the CB1 receptor. Other cannabinoids such as CBD and CBC act through different receptors but all of them interact with the same receptor system.
The endocannibinoid system plays a role in many physiological processes including pain perception, appetite regulation, immune function and even memory formation.
CBD (cannabidiol) is another cannabinoid that has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects. It acts mainly at the CB2 receptor.
Cannabinoids may also exert their anti-inflammatory actions through other mechanisms such as inhibition of prostaglandins, nitric oxide production and activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB).
How Does Inflammation Affect Joint Health?
The two most common inflammatory arthritic conditions are rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that causes the immune system to wrongly identify the lining of the joints as harmful, and then attacks it, resulting in inflammation of the joints. The affected joints become swollen, painful and stiff and movement becomes difficult.
Rheumatoid Arthritis can also affect other organs of the body.
Osteoarthritis is the “wear and tear” of the joints that occurs as a consequence of normal use. Cartilage protects the ends of bones where they meet.
In Osteoarthritis this protective layer starts to break down, causing pain, tenderness and loss of mobility.
Sources & references used in this article:
Determination of the nicotine content of various edible nightshades (Solanaceae) and their products and estimation of the associated dietary nicotine intake by B Siegmund, E Leitner… – Journal of agricultural and …, 1999 – ACS Publications
Horticultural, systems-engineering and economic evaluations of short-term plant storage techniques as a labor management tool for vegetable grafting … by C Kubota, C Meng, YJ Son, M Lewis, H Spalholz… – PloS one, 2017 – journals.plos.org
More Vegetables, Please!: Over 100 Easy and Delicious Recipes for Eating Healthy Foods Each and Every Day by EM Haas, P James – 2009 – books.google.com
” Speaker of the Year” Address, 1984-85: The Contributions of the Nightshade Family (Solanaceae) to Human Welfare by CB Heiser Jr – Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science, 1984 – journals.iupui.edu
African nightshades: Genetic, biochemical and metabolite diversity of an underutilised indigenous leafy vegetable and its potential for plant breeding by G Keller – … Agrarwissenschaften an der Georg-August Universität …, 2004
Potato Classification Using Deep Learning by R Ronoh, NA Ekhuya, M Linde… – The Journal of …, 2018 – Taylor & Francis
Four-season harvest: organic vegetables from your home garden all year long by AA Elsharif, IM Dheir, ASA Mettleq, SS Abu-Naser – 2020 – philpapers.org
Fruit and vegetables boost economic health by E Coleman – 2012 – books.google.com
Potential of underutilized traditional vegetables and legume crops to contribute to food and nutritional security, income and more sustainable production systems by G Braidotti – Partners in Research for Development, 2013 – search.informit.com.auPapatya yolların kenarında, boş arazilerde, kırlarda kendi kendisine yetişen, sarı ve beyaz çiçekleri olan bir bitkidir. Sulak topraklarda yetişirler. Papatyanın içerisinde B1 vitamini, C vitamini, uçucu yağ, amino asitler, yağ asitleri ve cadinen bulunmaktadır. Papatya yaz aylarında toplanarak kurutularak bitki çayı olarak ta kullanılmaktadır. Papatya çiçeğinden papatya yağı ile boyada elde edilmektedir.Novel biomarker discovery plays a crucial role in providing more sensitive and specific disease detection. Unfortunately many low-abundance biomarkers that exist in biological fluids cannot be easily detected with mass spectrometry or immunoassays because they are present in very low concentration, are labile, and are often masked by high-abundance proteins such as albumin or immunoglobulin. Bait containing poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (NIPAm) based nanoparticles are able to overcome these physiological barriers. In one step they are able to capture, concentrate and preserve biomarkers from body fluids. Low-molecular weight analytes enter the core of the nanoparticle and are captured by different organic chemical dyes, which act as high affinity protein baits. The nanoparticles are able to concentrate the proteins of interest by several orders of magnitude. This concentration factor is sufficient to increase the protein level such that the proteins are within the detection limit of current mass spectrometers, western blotting, and immunoassays. Nanoparticles can be incubated with a plethora of biological fluids and they are able to greatly enrich the concentration of low-molecular weight proteins and peptides while excluding albumin and other high-molecular weight proteins. Our data show that a 10,000 fold amplification in the concentration of a particular analyte can be achieved, enabling mass spectrometry and immunoassays to detect previously undetectable biomarkers.
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Since the early pioneering work of Ballinger and Reckard demonstrating that transplantation of islets of Langerhans into diabetic rodents could normalize their blood glucose levels, islet transplantation has been proposed to be a potential treatment for type 1 diabetes 1,2
. More recently, advances in human islet transplantation have further strengthened this view 1,3
. However, two major limitations prevent islet transplantation from being a widespread clinical reality: (a) the requirement for large numbers of islets per patient, which severely reduces the number of potential recipients, and (b) the need for heavy immunosuppression, which significantly affects the pediatric population of patients due to their vulnerability to long-term immunosuppression. Strategies that can overcome these limitations have the potential to enhance the therapeutic utility of islet transplantation.
Islet transplantation under the mouse kidney capsule is a widely accepted model to investigate various strategies to improve islet transplantation. This experiment requires the isolation of high quality islets and implantation of islets to the diabetic recipients. Both procedures require surgical steps that can be better demonstrated by video than by text. Here, we document the detailed steps for these procedures by both video and written protocol. We also briefly discuss different transplantation models: syngeneic, allogeneic, syngeneic autoimmune, and allogeneic autoimmune.
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A Dual Tracer PET-MRI Protocol for the Quantitative Measure of Regional Brain Energy Substrates Uptake in the Rat
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Mitochondrial dysfunction is known to play a significant role in a number of pathological conditions such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, septic shock, and neurodegenerative diseases but assessing changes in bioenergetic function in patients is challenging. Although diseases such as diabetes or atherosclerosis present clinically with specific organ impairment, the systemic components of the pathology, such as hyperglycemia or inflammation, can alter bioenergetic function in circulating leukocytes or platelets. This concept has been recognized for some time but its widespread application has been constrained by the large number of primary cells needed for bioenergetic analysis. This technical limitation has been overcome by combining the specificity of the magnetic bead isolation techniques, cell adhesion techniques, which allow cells to be attached without activation to microplates, and the sensitivity of new technologies designed for high throughput microplate respirometry. An example of this equipment is the extracellular flux analyzer. Such instrumentation typically uses oxygen and pH sensitive probes to measure rates of change in these parameters in adherent cells, which can then be related to metabolism. Here we detail the methods for the isolation and plating of monocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils and platelets, without activation, from human blood and the analysis of mitochondrial bioenergetic function in these cells. In addition, we demonstrate how the oxidative burst in monocytes and neutrophils can also be measured in the same samples. Since these methods use only 8-20 ml human blood they have potential for monitoring reactive oxygen species generation and bioenergetics in a clinical setting.
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Inducing Plasticity of Astrocytic Receptors by Manipulation of Neuronal Firing Rates
Institutions: University of California Riverside, University of California Riverside, University of California Riverside.
Close to two decades of research has established that astrocytes in situ
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indicator, and measure changes in astrocytic Gq GPCR activity by recording spontaneous and evoked astrocyte Ca2+
events using confocal microscopy. In essence, a “calcium roadmap” is provided for how to measure plasticity of astrocytic Gq GPCRs. Applications of the technique for study of astrocytes are discussed. Having an understanding of how astrocytic receptor signaling is affected by changes in neuronal activity has important implications for both normal synaptic function as well as processes underlying neurological disorders and neurodegenerative disease.
Neuroscience, Issue 85, astrocyte, plasticity, mGluRs, neuronal Firing, electrophysiology, Gq GPCRs, Bolus-loading
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进的可编程延迟芯片，电路结构简单，延迟时间可任意设置，延迟准确度高，抗干扰能力强。另外由于采用单片机作为控制部件，使该仪器操作简单方便，功能更易扩展。Is Eating Organic Really Good for You?
Some people think "organic" and just assume "healthier." Others have heard that the benefits of eating organic are overrated and roll their eyes at the higher prices. So is eating organic really, truly good for you? Is organic food healthier?
I get it—there are so many decisions we have to make at the grocery store, and so many complicated labels to read, and so many things that strain our bank accounts. So to make it a little easier for you, I'm sharing some info on whether organic foods are really better for your health and my advice on if and when you should toss them in your cart.
What does organic really mean?
First, let's make sure we're all on the same page about what organic means. Foods that are USDA-certified organic come from farms and processing facilities that have to meet strict criteria and are checked for compliance.
Of those criteria, most people are more familiar with the "nos." No synthetic pesticides (like chemical herbicides and insecticides) or chemical fertilizers. No antibiotics or growth hormones. No genetically-modified organisms (GMOs).
But there are also standards organic farmers follow related to positive practices: Building soil health, for example, and some requirements related to animal welfare. The overall objective of organic agriculture is to work in conjunction with natural ecosystems in order to produce nutrient-dense food while preserving natural resources, rather than extracting from the earth what we need in a way that uses those resources up.
Are organic foods healthier than conventional foods?
This is a hard question to answer definitively because there are so many variables.
In terms of pesticide exposure, we know that the vast majority of conventional fruits and vegetables are contaminated with pesticide residue. We also know that many of those pesticides, like glyphosate (Roundup), atrazine, and chlorpyrifos are linked to serious health concerns like increased risk of cancer and neurological disorders. The problem is that individuals are exposed to so many different chemicals at very low doses every day, and it's hard to measure the exact effect of low-dose pesticide exposure over time.
What about whether or not organic foods are more nutritious? One literature review published in 2012 was widely reported to have found that while organic foods may reduce exposure to pesticides and antibiotic-resistant bacteria, the scientific literature so far did not show they contained higher nutrient levels (except in the case of phosphorous). However, a 2014 meta-analysis found organic foods had significantly higher levels of antioxidants like polyphenols. Plus, a 2016 meta-analysis found organic milk has a much healthier fatty acid composition compared to conventional milk.
Even more compelling? While all of the mentioned studies looked at the composition of foods, one French study with nearly 70,000 participants found that eating organic food more often was associated with a reduced risk of cancer.
My advice on eating organic.
While the evidence isn't totally conclusive on exactly how eating organic foods might boost your health, I say the research on avoiding pesticide residue and on more antioxidants and healthy fats is solid enough to choose organic.
If you can't always make that choice because of budget constraints, try using the Dirty Dozen list to figure out where to compromise on produce. When it comes to meat, try to commit to organic even more, because nothing good is going to come out of hormones and antibiotics in your food. Another note: If you're pregnant and/or are feeding kids, organic is even more important, because many pesticides have been shown to affect the development of babies' brains and endocrine systems.
Finally, if you're all about conscious living like me, there are many, many other reasons to buy organic food. While low-dose exposures to pesticides might not harm you outright, farm workers are exposed to them in dangerous doses. Organic farming also prevents the pollution of waterways (from chemical pesticides and fertilizers), protects pollinators (like bees!), and builds healthy soil, which is key to sequestering carbon to mitigate climate change.
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- – The #1 Best Protein To Eat Every Day, Says Dietitian正财在年柱、月柱、日柱、时柱的意义
1、正财现于年柱时身强而年干现正财为喜而不遭损坏者，大都出身于富贵之家，从前即能竖立经济基础，能得父祖之财力相助。而且较能得到富家之女为妻。年月两干均现正财，或者年干是正财，月干是正官，而且财官均是喜神者，意味着出身富贵之家，父母财官两旺，命造本人在青年期即能竖立事业，地位或经济基础，也有因相续两姓家业而得到福运者。但若年月现财官而为忌神者，则不以出身富贵家庭论。四柱财星满盘，或地支相符会成财局，或地支四支皆财星，但财星为忌神者，每都出身贫家者众。生涯中众为财奔波疲劳。2、正财现于月柱者月柱是四柱重心之所在，对命造影响甚巨，故月柱干支皆正财且是喜神者，黑示着出身富贵之家，父辈甚有财势，本人能继承家产或家业。月干或月支是正财者，最足以外现正财之特性，其人大都勤质朴素，郑重清廉，心正无毒，偏重名誉，郑重正直，辛勤蓄积。但为人计较，幼器不慷慨。若月支正财坐墓运者，守财不悦目念更重，真实爱财若命之人。若月支正财坐绝运者，可贵贤妻之助，妻运欠安，妻才能平平，无助于夫业。月柱展现正财为喜者，父母大都是有钱人，若月柱之前见劫财，乃先贫后富之黑示，但若劫财眼前柱阻截财星的话，乃先富后贫之兆。又有日干战败，月柱得正财，同时地支又相符会成财局者，乃意味着父母原是富有之人，却在命造出身之前损财败业，成为贫者，亦即所谓的家道中落之命。
又有认为月支正财，同柱又见大贵神扶助者，其人一生相等发达，外出运极佳，众逢贵人扶持而能旁边逢源。但要以财星为喜奏效才能展现。3、正财现于日支者日支是夫妻宫之所在，正财若为喜而坐日支时，其人必得娶得贤妻之助，在配偶之全力与配相符下，竖立事业，逐渐致富，也有因结婚而获得妻方之财富者。若日支正财为喜且又坐下金匮将星之贵人者，常能够娶得朱门闺秀之女为妻，若坐下天乙贵人者，黑示着配偶之家庭背景不错，但意外是富豪之女。但若日主身弱，命局取印星为用时，甚忌正财坐于日支，此乃意味着娶到不贤之妻，易因妻败业，致祸，或者妻好吃懒做，不懂助夫之道，陶醉在享福之中。女命日支正财为喜者甚佳，不光可得清廉上进之外子，且其本人也善尽浑家之功，配相符外子立业，竖立事业与经济基础，是标准的助夫女性。(但仍需兼望幸运，夫星之成败来鉴定)。日支的财星若与含有财星的月支或时支有相符局或会局者，琴瑟祥和，举案齐眉，思喜欢交融。但是带有正财之干或支，不与日柱相符，而与日柱以外的干支相相符者，黑示着其妻有外遇之虞，倘若与有比劫之干支相相符者，其答验性更高。日支财星而被邻支冲刑之男命，婚姻易有弯折，常有订婚之后却因某栽原所以消弭婚约或纸姻战败，或与妻不同，或妻不得力，至于退婚或仳离之因为则可依来冲刑之字来判断其对象。日支见正财而原局不展现正官者，古称“妻贤得位”，外示可因妻之配相符以兴家立业而致富。唯必须财星是喜神，而且不遭刑冲才可。日柱之中，唯日支独现正财，其余干支不重逢正财或偏财，而且日支之正财，不遭邻支之相符、会、刑、冲者，而且财星是喜神者，乃妻位清纯，外示可得贞节纯善之配偶，能得妻浑家之荫而兴家立业。4、正财现于时柱者时柱掌管晚运，是归宿之位，更是后代之宫位，财星现于时柱时，财星是喜是忌，影响晚运甚巨，时柱见正财若是喜神，同柱及日支、月干不现比劫星时，则财不受损坏，外示晚年财运甚佳，唯然性情躁急，但通过青中年的全力之后，晚年开花终局，能得美妻及贤孝富贵之后代，晚运饶富之命。另也有认为事业上可得双亲或岳家财力或人脉相关上之助好而竖立晚年之财富基础。但要不受近克及刑冲之损坏才可。日主身弱以印星为用而财星占有时柱者，不光晚运外华内虚，为财奔波疲劳，或晚年因财而亏损名誉与地位。(晚年行使职权，收受行贿或其他与财相关之不恰当走为)。同时可贵后代之孝养。正财坐沐浴，老婆众情花俏，易移情别恋。坐物化、墓、绝，妻缘差；坐墓，妻众病厄。正财现四柱：年柱有正财，祖上富有。月柱有正财，勤快撙节，父母富有，得双亲荫助。日柱地支正财，得妻助以致富，时柱有正财，后代富有。BRISTOL, England, Aug. 9 (UPI) -- A study of about 42,000 Norwegian teen girls suggests those who had an older sister who had been pregnant are more likely to become pregnant, researchers say.
Professor Carol Propper of the University of Bristol and colleagues in Norway examined data of children born between 1947 and 1958 to compare families from a similar background from different regions of Norway.
The researchers said the probability of the younger sister having a teen pregnancy doubled to two in five if the elder sister had a baby as a teenager, the BBC reported.
Teens who spent longer time in school were less likely to become pregnant as a teenage, but this was on a smaller scale than the "sister effect," Propper says.
"Sisters generally spend more time together than schoolmates or friends and so sisters are likely to be influenced by the behavior of their siblings," the study says.
Propper said two groups of girls are particularly vulnerable to the "contagious effect of teen motherhood," those in poor households and sisters who are close in age.2 SAF MADDEHer noktasında aynı ve değişmeyen bir kimyasal birleşime sahip olan maddeye saf madde denir.Saf maddenin sadece bir tek kimyasal element veya bileşiminden oluşması gerekmez. Değişik kimyasal elementlerden veya bileşimlerden oluşan bir karışım da homojen olduğu sürece saf madde tanımına uyar.Saf maddenin iki veya daha çok fazının bir arada bulunduğu bir karışım da, fazların kimyasal bileşiminde değişiklik olamadığı sürece saf madde kapsamına girer.Saf MaddeSaf Madde
3 SAF MADDENİN FAZLARIFaz: Fiziksel olarak belirgin sınırların içinde her noktada aynı olan belirli bir molekül düzenini simgeler.Katı fazında moleküller kendini tekrarlayan üç boyutlu bir düzende yer alırlar. Bir katıdaki moleküller nispeten sabittir.Sıvı fazında moleküllerin arasındaki mesafe katı fazına oranla çok farklı değildir, fakat moleküller artık yerlerinde sabit kalmak yerine serbestçe dönüp konumlarını değiştirebilirler.Gaz fazında moleküller iyice uzaklaşmışlardır ve yapısal olarak bir düzenden söz edilemez. Gaz molekülleri gelişi güzel hareket ederler. Moleküller arası kuvvetler çok küçüktür ve moleküller arasındaki etkileşim sadece çarpışma ile gerçekleşir.KatıSıvıGaz
4 SAF MADDELERİN FAZ DEĞİŞİMİ İŞLEMLERİ Saf maddenin iki fazının bir arada dengede bulunduğu birçok uygulama vardır. Su bir kazanda veya buharlı güç santralinin yoğuşturucusunda sıvı buhar karışımı olarak bulunur.Sıkıştırılmış Sıvı ve Doymuş Sıvıİçinde 20 °C sıcaklık ve 1 atm basıçta su bulunan bir piston-silindir düzeneği düşünelim. Bu koşullarda su sıvı fazdadır ve sıkıştırılmış sıvı veya soğutulmuş sıvı diye adlandırılır. Bu durumda su buharlaşma aşamasında değildir. (DURUM 1)Suyun ısıtılması sürdürülürse sıcaklıktaki artış, sıcaklık 100 °C olana kadar sürecektir. Bu noktada su hala sıvıdır, fakat bu noktadan sonra en ufak bir ısı geçişi bile sıvının buhara dönüşmesine yol açacaktır. Buharlaşma başlangıcı olan bu hal, doymuş sıvı hali olarak bilinir. (DURUM 2)
5 Sabit basınçta suyun ısıtılmasının T-v diyagramı Doymuş Buhar ve Kızgın BuharBuharlaşmanın başlamasıyla beraber, sıvının tümü buhara dönüşene kadar sıcaklıktaki artış duracaktır. Bir başka deyişle, faz değişimini içeren hal değişiminin tamamı süresince sabit basınç olduğu sürece sıcaklık sabit kalacaktır.Yoğuşmanın sınırında olan buhara doymuş buhar denir.Doymuş buhar ile doymuş sıvı arasında bulunan durum doymuş sıvı-buhar karışımı olarak adlandırılır.Yoğuşma sınırında olmayan buhara kızgın buhar denir.Sabit basınçta suyun ısıtılmasının T-v diyagramı
6 Doyma Sıcaklığı ve Doyma Basıncı Verilen bir basınçta saf maddenin faz değişimlerine başladığı sıcaklık doyma sıcaklığı Tdoyma olarak bilinir.Benzer biçimde, verilen bir sıcaklıkta saf maddenin faz değişimlerine başladığı basınç ise doyma basıncı Pdoyma olarak tanımlanır.Farklı bir ifade ile:Pdoyma verilen bir sıcaklıkta kaynamaya başladığı basınçTdoyma verilen bir basınçta kaynamaya başladığı sıcaklıkÖrnek: Su için; kPa basınçta suyun doyma sıcaklığı Tdoyma= °C – 100 °C aralığındadır. Tersine 100 °C sıcaklıktaki doyma basıncı da kPa olur.Eğer su üzerindeki basınç 500 kPa olsaydı, su 100 °C yerine °C de kaynayacaktı.
7 Faz değişimi süresi boyunca alınan veya verilen enerji m
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Music Lesson (Lady and Gentleman at the Virginals) (c.1665, British Royal Art Collection), The Concert (c.1665, Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, Boston PA - Stolen), Girl with a Pearl Earring (c.1665, Mauritshuis), The Art of Painting (c.1666, Kunsthistorisches Museum), The Lacemaker (c.1669, Louvre) and Girl with a Red Hat (c.1666, National Gallery of Art, Washington DC). Despite his prodigious talents, Vermeer died in debt at the age of 42. He remained in obscurity until his 'rediscovery' in the 19th century. Jan Vermeer: Biography.
The Delft genre-artist Pieter de Hooch (1629-83) began with scenes of peasants and soldiers, progressed to sunlit courtyards and interiors of the middle class and ended by depicting homes of the haut-bourgeoisie. For details, see: Pieter de Hooch: Biography.
Other Dutch Genre-Painters
Nicolaes Maes (1634-93) from Dordrecht, was known for his early depictions of 'below-stairs' servant life, as well as sleeping women and kitchen utensils. Famous Dutch animalier artists (painters of animals) include the great still life painter Frans Snyders (1579-1657), as well as Paulus Potter (1625-54) from Amsterdam who was noted for his pictures of cows, horses and sheep, as well as his vanitas still lifes. An example of his work is The Young Bull (1647).
Here is a chronological list of major artists associated with Dutch Realism of the 17th century, classified according to their principal type of painting.
Genre Painting & Portraits
Hendrik Avercamp (1585-1634)
Dutch Realist Artists Specialising in Other Genres
Pieter Jansz Saenredam (1597-1665)
For more painters of the Dutch Golden Age, see: Dutch Realist Artists.
For more about the different types
of painting (portraits, landscapes, still-lifes etc) see: Painting
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ARTIt’s a Congress-imposed cap on the amount of money the US Treasury can borrow from two sources. The first is “debt held by the public,” mainly Treasury bonds owned by investors in the US or in other nations. The second is “intragovernment” debt, which happens when the Treasury borrows from another government account that has a surplus, such as Social Security.
Since May, the debt limit has been set at $16.7 trillion.
Borrowing is needed when there aren’t enough tax revenues to cover all federal spending. And for decades, the trend has been that Congress arranges for the government to spend more than it takes in as tax revenue. Budget surpluses have been rare.
In September the Department warned that another hike is needed or the Treasury won’t have funds to cover all Congress-ordained spending.1919 UKRAINE: POGROM
If interested, a book is available, The Slaughter of the Jews in the Ukraine, published in 1921, and written by Elias Heifetz. It was published in English by The Jewish People’s Relief Committee of America. The book includes information regarding the social and political reasons for the pogrom, the “…motives animating the participants…”; and is based on witness and Investigative reports, and other documentation.
The free Google ebook is available at: https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=gSkEAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA1Stante il forte vento di scirocco, il velivolo ha compiuto più di un sorvolo sull'elipista prima di potere atterrare.
Tra l'altro, come sottolinea Gianluca Giuffrè, "l'elipista è ormai da tempo sprovvista della manica a vento, importante per indicare a chi atterra la direzione stessa del vento. Occorrerebbe, inoltre, procedere ad un intervento sulle luci e collegare l'impianto, in atto allacciato ad un gruppo elettrogeno, alla rete elettrica. Piccoli, indispensabili interventi che, però, continuano a non essere fatti, mettendo a rischio gli atterraggi e, quindi, l'incolumità della popolazione".By Lorne T. Kirby
DNA fingerprinting is a innovative method that allows legislation enforcement corporations, diagnostic laboratories and study scientists to spot minute items of tissue, to figure out parentage and different organic relatives relationships. this can be a research of its applications.
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Disposable gloves and a laboratory coat must be worn. Eye protection must also be provided. Laboratory Sections 41 2. The package contents must be scanned with a Geiger counter if the monitored isotope is capable of being detected. 3. The contents must be wipe-tested (see contamination control). 4. The package contents must be verified with the packing slip and with the original purchase order and the data recorded. The supplier must be notified immediately of any irregularities. 5. The package must be treated as radioactive waste if contamination is detected and must be processed as outlined in the waste disposal section.
2. Decontaminate personnel by removing contaminated clothing, flushing the affected area with copious quantities of water, and washing with a mild soap. Repeat this procedure until any residual radioactivity is at background level. 3. Confine the spill. A liquid should be covered with absorbent material such as paper towels. A powder should be covered with dampened absorbent material. 4. " S. Decontaminate the area. Place the absorbed material in plastic bags and shield or dispose as radioactive waste.
Or selected mRNA-directed cDNA clones, or sheared or endonuclease-digested genomic DNA clones. The biological tools required for this process include restriction endonucleases, DNA ligase, DNA polymerase, cloning vectors, and vector hosts. DNA Iigases,' DNA ligases are enzymes that catalyze DNA 3'OH and SF termini bond formation. Any two DNA fragments produced by cleaving with the same endonuclease can reanneal by base pairing and by the action of DNA ligase. DNA polymerases,' DNA polymerases are enzymes that catalyze the formation of a complementary DNA strand.Download the transcript
Fraser: Astronomy Cast Episode 184 for Monday April 5, 2010, History of Astronomy, Part 2 – The Greeks. Welcome to Astronomy Cast, our weekly facts-based journey through the cosmos, where we help you understand not only what we know, but how we know what we know. My name is Fraser Cain, I’m the publisher of Universe Today, and with me is Dr. Pamela Gay, a professor at Southern Illinois University Edwardsville. Hi Pamela, how’re you doing?
Pamela: I’m doing well. How are you doing, Fraser?
Fraser: Very well. Well, we survived the first episode of history of astronomy… gave us both a headache. And I think today… even more headaches! So, with the earliest astronomers out of the way, we can now move on to one of the most productive eras in astronomy–the ancient Greeks. Even though they didn’t have telescopes, the Greeks worked out the size and shape of the earth, the distance to the moon and the sun, and even had some accurate ideas about our place in the universe. Alright, well Pamela, where were we when we last left our heroes… and by heroes I mean astronomers, of course.
Pamela: Well, I think we left off just as Alexander the Great was getting ready to conquer the Mediterranean. We’d seen the Chinese create star maps, we’d seen India with constellations, we’d watched the Arab cultures in Mesopotamia develop mathematical ways of predicting planets…
Fraser: Stonehenge, pyramids, ancient Babylonians, Sumerians… oh the Sumerians… so, right… where do you want to start?
Pamela: Well, why don’t we start with Pythagoras in 500 BCE. It wasn’t until about 320 BCE that Alexander took over, but Pythagoras was the first big-name Greek that we’re all tortured by in mathematics class.
Fraser: Uh, A squared plus B squared equals C squared?
Pamela: Something like that…
Fraser: Right… I mean Pythagoras–King of Trigonometry, right?
Pamela: Exactly. And also someone who observed the planets very closely, and he was the first person to realize… oh, shoot, that bright object that is up in the evening and that bright object that’s up right before the sun rises… that’s the same object! It’s actually new knowledge… well, relatively speaking over the course of all humanity. It isn’t something that we’ve known for a long time. It’s only in 500 BCE that Venus was realized to be one object, and not two different objects in the sky.
Fraser: That’s right, and so there are many ancient cultures that had two different names for Venus. There was that Morning Star and that Evening Star. They named them differently, and they had different aspects, and they were different gods… and they needed different offerings, and all that.
Pamela: Right. And it’s easy to see it that way because it sets or rises always right next to the sun so you don’t have that connectedness of getting to see its position change across the entire course of the night.
Fraser: What about Mercury? Did they have the same opinion about Mercury?
Pamela: You know, I actually haven’t seen anything on that, so I don’t know.
Fraser: Neither have I. If anyone knows, let us know.
Pamela: And we can thank Pythagoras for Venus, so that’s a start.
Fraser: So, Pythagoras worked out that Venus was the same object.
Pamela: Yes. And then we start getting into the great thinkers. So, Plato was the first to come around. The Babylonians had worked out mathematical ways of figuring out what planet will be in the sky when… but that’s not the same thing as having a geometric model that describes the reality of the solar system. It was Plato who, around 400 BCE, said… you know, we need to come up with the math, the geometry, a model to describe our solar system instead of just tables of numbers. So, he was the first person who basically encouraged a field of what would eventually become cosmology.
Fraser: And he didn’t do a lot of the work, so who are the people who actually ended up coming up with these calculations?
Pamela: Well, it was Eudoxus of… this is such a strange name to our modern ears… but Cnidus… it was Eudoxus of Cnidus who came up with a model of planets where the planets sat on different circles, different spheres, that rotated inside one another… with different spheres rolling at different rates to describe the planetary motions.
Fraser: Right, so this is still that concept that the earth is the center of the universe and the planets and the sun and the moon and the stars are all on crystalline spheres that rotate around the earth… like some kind of–I don’t know–music box.
Pamela: And this is actually a pretty good idea from people who didn’t have the concept of gravity, didn’t have pretty much any of the basic physics that we use today. But it had one problem with it… if you have one sphere resting on the surface of another sphere, and you start rotating it, what happens to the sphere it’s resting on?
Fraser: I’m guessing there would be friction between the spheres? They would all kind of heat up and lock up?
Pamela: Well, and they’d start rotating each other so there’s this problem where if Jupiter’s rotating at one speed and Saturn’s rotating at another, why don’t the two spheres eventually end up rotating together? And it was Aristotle in the 300s BCE who took Eudoxus’ model and said… oh, we need “un-rolling” spheres. So, Aristotle basically put in an extra set of spheres that if you roll one one way and you roll the other the other way, and somehow this takes into account all the motions so that you’re able to absorb forces from one sphere to another. It’s still a complicated model, and I’m not sure how it works in reality unless you have different sets of wheels between the two things that roll at different rates allowing free motion. It’s still clunky, it still doesn’t really work so well, but at least he was thinking through friction.
Fraser: Right, right… I can see them constructing glass spheres… you know, blowing glass spheres and then putting them inside each other and going… well, this isn’t working….why can the ones in the universe work so nicely?
Pamela: And Aristotle was really big on thought experiments… and you can just see him there… working through this and talking through this with other people in the university and realizing that we need to fix this! And then talking through it some more… It was Aristotle who really put the philosophy into it, making astronomy very much a thought experiment as well as observations where he introduced the concept of things being perfect spheres, where he introduced that it must be Earth-centered for philosophical reasons. So he really spread that world view… that way of thinking… as well as… oh, friction–we need to take care of this with un-rolling spheres.
Fraser: Right, ok… and who was next? Who do you think was important next?
Pamela: Well, we’re now starting to get into the Hellenistic Greek where we’re starting to look at a time period where people were working in the Library of Alexandria, where there was great thinking going on and experiments going on all around the Mediterranean. It was Autolycus who pointed out more problems in Eudoxus’ model. Here what he was critiquing was with everything moving on perfect spheres and rotating at constant rates… how is it that you end up with planets that appear to slow down relative to the stars? How is it that you actually get all the different variations in planetary motion across the sky? He noted that Eudoxus’ model couldn’t make accurate predictions. It also didn’t explain the changes in brightness that we see with Venus and some of the other planets.
Fraser: Right, and we see that situation… it’s something that you can… if you watch the planets every night, you can really see this… that some of the planets–especially like Mars and Venus–they’ll move… well, Mars as one of the outer planets, it’ll move very quickly from one night to the next night. Then it will slow down from night to night… and then it will stop, and then it will go backwards… right… and then it will stop. Then it will go forwards again compared to the background stars. And, I mean, that concept…. what on Earth is the crystal sphere doing? Because I mean it’s not like it’s even stopping in the same position… it’s almost like it moves down a little bit in the sky, then it moves up a little bit in the sky… So you can imagine trying to hold a crystal sphere in your hand and trying to make that motion from what you would see from inside. It would be quite troubling… because, you know, friction alone… what’s causing that change? And I could see the change of brightness, right? I mean you get Venus… Venus’ changes in brightness are enormous… Venus can be a star not much brighter than any other star, and then other times Venus is blazing in the sky! It’s the most bright thing out there apart from the moon.
Pamela: Yeah, it gets mistaken as a UFO on a regular basis as it hovers over city skylines brighter than anything else… and sometimes the only apparent star in the sky in twilight. Other times… it has phases. If you look at it through a small telescope, you can see a crescent Venus, and that crescent doesn’t give off a whole lot of light… making Venus a fairly faint star in the twilight hours.
Fraser: Right, so thanks Autolycus… just jabbing holes in the model…
Pamela: So, problems were raised, and people went off and continued to work on these problems, and for awhile other people worked on other problems. This was the period where people actually started making measurements. They started really looking for tangible geometric solutions for things… so this brings us a number of years later in 240 BCE where we actually started to figure out how big the planet Earth is, and that’s pretty amazing when you think about the fact that to the people making these measurements the entire mapped surface of the earth was the Greek empire… they knew bits and pieces of Europe, and they knew bits and pieces of Africa and a little bit out to India, and that was it. They knew very little of the planet, but they were able to figure out the size of the entire planet.
Fraser: So what was the experiment… what was method that they used?
Pamela: This is the episode with too many bad-to-pronounce names…
Fraser: You’re not allowed to apologize in advance…. just take a few shots at it and then you’ll get it… and we’ll just edit it out…
Pamela: Alright…. Eratosthenes… he was able to realize that on the summer solstice at the local noon in the city of Sw
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大的“梦之队”诞生了！
乔丹、魔术师约翰逊、伯德、巴克利、马龙、斯托克顿、尤因、皮蓬这样一个个至今看来依然熠熠生辉的名字，出现在了同一支球队里面，这可是从来不敢想过的事情。
“梦一队”在巴塞罗那奥运上的比赛反而不值得一提了。虽然当时世界各国篮球水平都已经有了很大的提高，但从小米加步枪升级成AK47，就能杠上人家的飞机大炮？
比起其他国家，“梦一队”显然是在另一个层次之上的。他们在奥运赛场上场均赢44分。
当然其他国家的篮球运动员们显然更关心另一件事：如何才能和“梦一队”的球员合个影，要个签名。至于什么赢不赢球的，那都不是事。
在那之后，美国通常都会派出由NBA球员组成的强大阵容征战奥运会和世锦赛（世界杯）这样的国际大赛，并冠名以“梦二队”“梦三队”……
但在大多数球迷心目中，真正的“梦之队”永远只有那一支。
4.梦之队的危机
自从1992年首支梦之队组建之后，世界篮坛又重新回归到美国男篮的统治之下。
但没有人能永远站在巅峰，梦之队也不例外。
2002年在美国本土举办的世锦赛上，由皮尔斯、布兰德、雷吉米勒、小奥尼尔等组成的“梦五队”开启了梦之队崩塌的第一片多米诺骨牌。淘汰赛阶段连续输给了阿根廷、南斯拉夫和西班牙，打破了梦之队大赛不败的神话，最终仅仅收获第六名的难堪成绩。要知道，就算1998年那支没有任何一名NBA球员组成的美国男篮，也都能拿到了第三名的成绩啊！
2004年的雅典奥运更成为了梦之队的“噩梦”之旅，这支“梦六队”在组建之初就困难重重，因为雅典恐怖袭击的阴影，当年的梦六队也遭遇了大面积的球星退赛潮，麦迪、基德、雷阿伦、马龙等球星最后都因安全原因选择了退出。直到临近奥运比赛开始，球队才匆匆组建完成。
这支球队更像是临时拼凑的杂牌军，集训时间短令得彼此间配合生疏、团队意识薄弱、更多依靠个人单打独斗。而主帅拉里布朗又是出了名的不善使用新人，偏偏当时队内超过一半球手都是临时征集的一二年级新秀球员。
但当时队内仍有着邓肯、艾弗森这样的超级巨星压阵。外界无论如何都无法想象雅典居然会成为“梦六队”的滑铁卢。
他们首战就以19分惨败于波多黎各，此后小组赛又输给了立陶宛。最终只以小组第四的成绩出线。半决赛，他们遭遇吉诺比利率领的阿根廷，在马努29分的戏耍下，“梦六队”彻底缴械投降，耻辱性地被踢出男篮决赛的大门，也成就了阿根廷“黄金一代”的巅峰时刻。
此后，2006年日本世锦赛，以詹姆斯、安东尼、韦德“03三杰”为首的“梦七队”再次乘兴而来败兴而归。
梦之队陷入前所未有的巨大危机之中。
事实上，与其说梦之队的危机来源于他们实力的下滑，倒不如说是因为他们的自负、他们的轻敌。
因为这三支梦之队，从纸面实力上来看，依然是世界最强的。所以在开赛之前，他们都还是最大的夺冠热门。但由于轻敌，由于对国际篮联规则的不熟悉，最终都成为了反面例子。
5.梦八起航 王者归来
连续三届世界大赛的失败，深深地刺痛了骄傲的美国人。
痛定思痛之后，他们决定重新出发。
2008年北京奥运，为了挽回颜面，夺回失去的王冠，NBA一众球星积极响应征召，加入美国男篮。
科比、詹姆斯、韦德、保罗、霍华德、波什、基德等巨星组成了豪华的“梦八队”，并且进行了长时间的集训，磨合阵容。带着美国篮球这6年灰色的记忆，“梦八队”来到了北京。目标只有一个：冠军。
那大概也是中国球迷最熟悉的一支梦之队了，在中国的场地比赛，和姚明领衔的中国男篮激战于五棵松体育馆，与加索尔的西班牙决战于“紫禁之巅”，都成为中国篮球史上最精彩的瞬间。
他们以势不可挡之势席卷北京奥运的男篮赛场，所到之处无不丢盔弃甲、弃械投降，最终如愿君临天下。
事实证明，只要美国男篮收起轻敌之心，少些自负心理，压根就没人能挑战他们的霸权。
2010年、2012年、2014年、2016年，两届世界杯、两届奥运会，美国男篮再没输过任何一场国际大赛。
6.波波挂帅 满级号变新手号？
在过去的10年时间里，在老K（迈克-沙舍夫斯基）教练的带领下，美国男篮夺回了失去的一切。在拿下里约奥运男篮金牌后，老K教练选择功成身退。
当然这个决定早在一年前就已经做出来了。美国男篮也早早确定下了他的接班人——波波维奇。
作为当今NBA里最成功的主教练，波波维奇也梦想着能够率领国家队在国际赛场上为美国争取荣誉。
许是随着GDP的老暮，老爷子预感到自己在NBA的生涯也进入了末声。于是他接下了美国男篮主帅这个苦差事。
别以为这是一个美差，拥有美国男篮这样的满级号，打好了大家觉得是理所应当的，一旦搞砸了的话，那可就是千夫所指的背锅侠。
2019篮球世界杯将是波波维奇第一次带队征战的第一个国际大赛。
作为NBA在海外最大的商业市场之一，中国成为世界杯主办国，着实提高了不少球迷对梦之队的期望度。大家都期盼着能够在世界杯上一睹这支由波波维奇挂帅，可能由NBA众多大牌球星组成的梦之队的风采。
所以，当美国队第一次公布了集训20人大名单时，不少人都大失所望。
什么？只有哈登、浓眉、利拉德，这美国男篮也太素了吧！杜兰特受伤了来不了不怪他，但老詹怎么能不来呢？球星们不是说过能为波波维奇打球是荣幸吗？怎么，机会来了，不参加又是什么意思？伦纳德这家伙肯定和波波有仇，见美国队主帅是波波，连国家队都不来了？
然而，球迷们没有想到，拥有哈登、浓眉已经是一件多么奢侈的事情了。越抱怨，失去的就越多。
此后短短一个月内，浓眉、哈登、CJ麦科勒姆、比尔、利拉德、乐福、庄神德拉蒙德等球星纷纷以各种理由退出了国家队群聊。
眼看群主波波维奇从“该选谁”的苦恼变成了“还能选谁”的苦恼，球迷们哭花了脸，世界杯上的对手们心里却乐开了花。
美国男篮不得不二次补充队员，一批在NBA实力中下的球员纷纷被邀请进了集训营。
甚至到最后，美国队还打起了陪练队里的主意。不过这也难怪，因为在前段时间的队内对抗里，由集训营里组成的“美国一队”连续几场比赛都遭到了预备队里组成的“美国二队”的“痛殴”。
在达龙-福克斯和塔克退出后，美国男篮名单收缩至13人，连网友都喊话波波维奇不要急着裁人，万一还有人想退出呢？
果然，最有先见之明的大神还是广大网友们。
就当大家都在操心波波这个糟老头子是不是准备对自家的怀特下手时，湖人的裤子马主动“牺牲”，崴伤自己的脚踝退出了国家队。
三次入选全明星的凯尔特人新老大沃克成了这支梦之队名气最大的球员。剩下的只有米德尔顿和大洛佩斯各入选过一次全明星。
用网友的话来说：清一色的素人。
大家纷纷哀叹，梦之队这是要凉的节奏呀！
有网友反驳，这能叫梦之队，怕不是一支平民队吧？
7.蜀中无大将 沃克当老大
随着沃克、米切尔、斯玛特三人被任命为美国队队长，本以为从陪练队提调上来的怀特很可能将无缘最后大名单。但世事总是难料，最后时刻，库兹马因伤退出国家队，美国男篮的这份12人大名单来得有些不情不愿。
主教练：格雷格-波波维奇助理教练：史蒂夫-科尔、洛伊德-皮尔斯、杰-赖特后卫：多诺万-米切尔、乔-哈里斯、马库斯-斯马特、肯巴-沃克、德里克-怀特前锋：哈里森-巴恩斯、杰伦-布朗、克里斯-米德尔顿、杰森-塔图姆中锋：布鲁克-洛佩斯、梅森-普拉姆利、迈尔斯-特纳
嗯，这届美国队训练营的球员可以说个个都很“刚”了，没一个是被裁掉的。被裁的对象永远只有一个——国家队。
在这支所谓的梦之队中，绿军新领袖沃克无疑是最大牌的球员。
这个身高仅有1米85，刚刚在休赛期里被乔老板的黄蜂无情抛弃的球星，转眼上帝就给了他一个梦之队领袖的安慰礼包。
人生大起大落真是太刺激了。
当然，如果你怀疑沃克的实力，你尽可以去问问2018年11月17日的76人队员，和沃克对敌是一种什么样的体验。
哦，对了。那一天的沃克在76人球员面前，拿到了60分！嗯，从百分制来看，刚好及格。
要不，你行你上吧！
米切尔，虽然只是一个二年级生，但我相信，全明星迟早是这小子的囊中之物。若不是身处竞争激烈的西部，上赛季他就能入选全明星了。国际赛场上，他的投射、出手的坚决、主攻能力，将是梦之队在进攻端的一把尖刀。
克里斯-米德尔顿，队内第二位全明星球员，我本以为以他2米01的身高，以及2米10的臂展，加上不俗的投射能力，将会在国际赛场上大杀四方。然而从于西班牙、澳大利亚的三场热身赛来看，米顿似乎沦为了打酱油的角色。在美国输给澳大利亚的比赛，米顿更是仅仅斩获4分，这怎么看都不像是一个身价1.78亿的全明星的水平。
锋线上，虽然塔图姆、布朗都是初出茅庐的小伙子，但和司马钢同在绿军麾下的他们至少彼此间都比较熟悉，少了一些磨合的阵痛，再加上巴恩斯这名唯一参加过里约奥运的实力悍将压阵，美国的锋线至少不像看上去的那么脆弱。但库兹马的退出对于美国男篮的锋线还是个很大 的损失，如今名义上的锋线轮换球员只有三人，身高2米01的米德尔顿不得不轮换到锋线上来。
或许，真正令波波维奇忧虑的，还是内线。首先是内线实力不够，无论特纳、还是大洛、普拉姆利，都只是NBA里的二三流内线，根本达不到独挑大梁的水平，更谈不上依靠他们去应付约基奇、小加、字母哥这样的“怪兽”了。其次是深度不够，由于球星的不断退出，美国队最后只征召到特纳、大洛、普拉姆利三名内线，在内线轮换上实在有些抓襟见肘。
8.平民“梦十三”还稳吗？
美国队的内线之薄弱，从热身赛败于澳大利亚一战可见一斑。垂垂老矣的博古特在面对美国内线时，仿佛回到了年轻时候，怒砍16分9篮板。贝恩斯也拿下了13分。
这场败仗也是美国队4738天以来第一次在国际赛场失利。他们上一次国际赛场失利，还要追溯到2006年日本世锦赛半决赛败给希腊那一战。
难道禾斗匕匕在世界杯宣传片的说的话竟然一语成谶？
但在我看来，尽管从球星质量上，比起塞尔维亚的约老师，希腊的字母哥、法国的戈贝尔，这支冠军之师星光有些黯淡。但从整体实力来说，美国男篮依然是更为出色的那一支球队。没有大牌不代表战力不够，波波维奇手下仍有不少精兵强将，梦之队的轮换天赋，也依然是其他队伍没法比的。更何况所谓的“大牌”，也只是跟本国的NBA球星比较而已。“梦十三”的成员，放到其他绝大部分国家队里，依然是属于前呼后拥的队内大佬。所以，只要他们自己不打盹，冠军依然是他们的囊中之物。
尽管这个过程注定会比以往走得更加曲折艰难。
说了这么多，究竟这支梦之队会不会重蹈2002年、2004年、2006年的覆辙呢？谁知道呢？毕竟一切皆有可能，让我们拭目以待。
美国小组赛观战指南：比赛场馆：上海东方体育中心比赛时间：9月1日：捷克VS美国9月3日：美国VS土耳其9月5日：美国VS日本با این دارو من در بیمارستان بستری شد به تازگی. پس از
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ın bu gelişmenin ardından Troy Williams’ı serbest bırakacağı ifade edildi.原题名：从回绝附属企业两个申请表格被吐出或呕吐再到公投脱欧,英国和欧盟束紧了吗？
英国与除英国外的欧洲陈述共同体的妒忌史是什么？，为什么夏尔·夏尔·戴高乐要亲近的英国两遍？我们家的前驱大使、前内政部副部长蒋恩珠，40积年以后，他一向在与英国和安心除英国外的欧洲陈述陈述合作。，在某种水平上，知情英国最好的处事圆滑机敏的人批准。。他对《上海当观察员报》的朗读者作了特色的辨析。，英国与欧盟的劈叉与调停，英国不一样时间的内政战术调解。
英国活动着的情况除英国外的欧洲陈述劈叉的全民公投和随后的异议撞倒，使极大数量人弄坏。不尊敬假设会停止二次公投，总归假设会成保持除英国外的欧洲陈述，英国到底给除英国外的欧洲陈述结合使掉转船头了巨万的打击。。
这么英国与除英国外的欧洲陈述共同体的妒忌史是什么？，为什么夏尔·夏尔·戴高乐要亲近的英国两遍？我们家的前驱大使、前内政部副部长蒋恩珠，40积年以后，他一向在与英国和安心除英国外的欧洲陈述陈述合作。，英国免费问询处的行政任务的、驻英国大使，回到香港中间的联络处负责人，他在某种水平上，知情英国最好的处事圆滑机敏的人批准。。
我们家有独一特别的所请求的事物所请求的事物他。，为上海当观察员朗读者使稀疏解开英国与欧盟的劈叉与调停，英国不一样时间的内政战术调解。
朱江恩
? 旧帝国的杂乱时间
英国曾是十九世纪世上最可怕的的强国。，它到底走过了将近独一世纪的鼎盛时间。。二十世纪初，大英帝国的确定遍及地球五禁欲的。，总面积约为英国本土的面积的100倍。，特定种群大概是英国本土的的10倍。。大英帝国变为人类在历史中少见的旭日帝国。。
只因，物极必反，盛极而衰。人类在历史中诸如此类独一要紧人物的帝国都难以忍受的生计急速开展的。，有朝一日它会没落。。大英帝国无法欺骗这一成立诉诸法律。。19世纪末，英国的大批生产到底逾越了后头的美国。，其次次地球大战后的的二十世纪，英国的地球至高的已被美国替换。。
英国在第一次地球大战中蒙受悲哀花费的钱，特别其次次地球大战。，元气大伤。其次次地球大战后的，民族解放运动叱咤风云，全地球的英国确定到底孤独了。，大英帝国的根底抖了。，陈述长处正跌倒。，20世纪50年头它同法国一齐入侵埃及遭到重击，这是没落的独一要紧指示牌。只因，它依然不得不慷慨的的军事基地和驻军海内。，磅继续变为国际保护区钱币，英国仍在尝试保管其作为地球强国的使充满。。这时，英国就像红楼梦的Jia Fu，显然高贵的，繁花似锦，但内囊到底空了。。
我在20世纪60年头和70年头在英国任务。，王后阅历了几次使不同。。1964至1970年间的工党威尔逊内阁，1970－1974年守旧的希思内阁，1974，工党内阁重行当权。，威尔逊先任最早的Carahan，1979年，它被守旧的Thatcher内阁替换了。。我亲眼目睹了英国政的变迁。、工党与守旧党中间的包围、放置生产的量政家的演替与沉浮。
在这时间，英国财务乐音继续原地踏步，始终如一的劳动力流，进退两难。起兴奋作用兔子洞、加重行业支付差额危险、包括变坏的英国恶心，工党威尔逊内阁自愿颁布发表人民币升值。。
事先，英国际政乐音，前美国部长杰克逊，英国耽搁了它的帝国，但我未查明我的使充满。。这一段时间，这亦英国在内政上做出疾苦调解的时常地。。
? 从地球大国到除英国外的欧洲陈述大国的使不适
20世纪60年头是英国大农场系统彻底使倒塌的时间。其次次地球大战后的，英国的确定到底舒缓于地球各地，颁布发表孤独。。这些确定的孤独性和国际社会的开展，英国到南亚、东南亚、中东和阿拉伯语地域的把持和引起有所跌倒。六十年头，非洲的英国、亚洲、南太平洋和加勒比海地域的大农场和保护权，颁布发表孤独。因此，英国往昔的大农场系统彻底使倒塌。在英联邦一套的帮忙下，英国拿住着这些美国。，英国在内幕的精巧的主导地位，但跟随国际形势的使不同和英国的没落，英联邦是松懈和松懈的。。
英国大农场方法的最初部分与英国陈述权力的没落，英国再也有力在海内拿住慷慨的的驻军，英国确定减缩国防开销。1968年1月，Wilson内阁确定撤出苏伊士以东的陆海空三军。1970年下台的希思内阁按照事先苏联海上力气神速束紧的态势，瞬间地撤离苏伊士运河以东命令撤军。到1974年下台的工党内阁当权时间才最初达到结尾的了从苏伊士以东撤离转而向除英国外的欧洲陈述束紧的指引航线。英国撤军的后果，它不再像先前在亚洲和中东那么运作了。，作为地球强国的英国，也开端向除英国外的欧洲陈述陈述使不适。。
? 回绝附属企业除英国外的欧洲陈述共同体，两个申请表格被吐出或呕吐
英国的内政保险单调解课程相当迂回复杂。。
英国对除英国外的欧洲陈述本土的的全体与会者保险单是尊敬它。，它坐落在本土的陈述伸突出。，在他们中间骨碌和亲近的，站岗和犹豫不决诸如此类独一除英国外的欧洲陈述本土的陈述在除英国外的欧洲陈述称霸。出于这种保险单思索，二战后的，它不情愿变为独一普通的除英国外的欧洲陈述陈述。，因而他们回绝附属企业欧盟指引航线。。当法国、德国、意大利、荷兰麻布、当比利时和卢森堡成形除英国外的欧洲陈述共同体，英国一套瑞士和安心七年期除英国外的欧洲陈述陈述瞥见了独一。从20世纪50年头末到60年头初，除英国外的欧洲陈述共同体到底焕发出勃勃生机。，小型进出口加工区很难婚配。，英国的国力继续跌倒。，德、法国和英国在财务乐音财产目录的编制上到底逾越了他方。。面临这种大意，英国累次加重于，最初，做出了疾苦的选择。，确定调解自除英国外的欧洲陈述以后一向奉行的保险单，转向除英国外的欧洲陈述。
1961年8月，麦克米兰草帽辫内阁附属企业欧共体的申请表格。英国想附属企业除英国外的欧洲陈述共同体，我还想和美国生计特别的相干。。法国思惟，很难违背英国在欧元区的分子资历申请表格。，英国不必然在两个城市中间穿墙，而必然从中做出选择。附属企业欧共体碰见的另独一难点是英国到何种地步处置同安心英联邦陈述的全体与会者触点。英国附属企业欧共体必定要引起到英国同安心英联邦陈述的经贸相干，特别引起到英国从这些陈述继续出口便宜地的农产品。而英国则想尽量性少受引起。英国生长物以掌玺部长希思用头顶的使命同欧共体进行成功越过，成功越过高度地困难并陷落僵局。就在这时，法国总统夏尔·夏尔·戴高乐完毕拒绝英国的申请表格。。英国并缺席这么保持。，高处不克不及把“不”作为是对英国申请表格的回答。工党威尔逊内阁重申其分子申请表格。只因，这一申请表格再次遭到夏尔·戴高乐无畏上将高尔察克的回绝。。
英国与欧共体中间的僵局并未使变得完全不同。。英国第三次高处附属企业欧共体的申请表格。Heath从前高处了。，英国的瞧在除英国外的欧洲陈述，他充当首相后，确定对英国际政保险单做出杰出的调解，他充分拉开同美国的间隔，把英美相干的地位从“特别相干”淡化为“自然相干”。此刻，法国无畏上将高尔察克夏尔·戴高乐辞去总统桩，新中选总统乔治蓬皮杜，英国的使不同，特别出于钳制长处日见增长的德国的思索，它换衣服了对英国申请表格的姿态。。英国同欧共体批准艰辛的成功越过总归明智地应用拟定草案，英国于1973年1月正式变为欧共体的分子。
只因，英国国际，特别工党对成功越过后果，特别农耕田的测算表在争议。工党威尔逊内阁1974年下台后又同欧共体重新开始成功越过，批准近年纪的热情的讨价还价，直到那时辰单方才明智地应用妥协。。1975年6月，王后经过全民公决确定留在欧共体。。因此，它指示牌着英国际政布置的历史的调解达到结尾的。。
当我在英国机构任务的时辰，亲眼目睹英国际政战术正中鹄的杰出的使不同。英国作为地球级强国，它的没落并不同的一套中稍许地大国的使倒塌那么无理的。，它阅历了独一无端的的历史课程。。直至昔日，英国依然生计工程为二等强国的使充满和引起力。，这是独一值当较远的书房和讨论的课题。。
? 对欧盟的怀有敌意与妒忌，分1/10公升合
1995岁末现场恢复伦敦，我瞥见“英国病”已变为过来。为了，20世纪80年头以后英国的自在财务乐音保险单，大举促进不动产权结构调解，着力开展优势不动产权，存在效果，财务乐音形势明显能力更强的。1981—1990年英延续九成年累月等比中数财务乐音增长率约为3%。。在上世纪90年头初的短的衰退后来地，自1992年起又延续积年完成了年均约3%的增长。1995年英国国民生产总值约合11055亿花花公子，约占地球财产目录的编制的4%，排在美、日、德、法后来地，排在第五位，每人国际生产总值10000花花公子。
尔后十年，英国财务乐音继续急速开展的。制成品，不在乎间或不这么好。，但筑服务性的和创意不动产权茂盛地开展。，年等比中数财务乐音增长率约为3%。。内幕的，筑业鉴于侦察队两两散开的开展而神速开展。。筑业在英国国民生产总值正中鹄的使成面积从1996年的举起到2007年的10%。就伦敦来说，2007年筑业占伦敦慢车国民生产总值的20%，加法运算相干专业服务性的，面积逾越30%，在纽约，这极逾越15%，USA.。
筑服务性的的扩张给筑业使掉转船头了巨万的金融的。，但它也为后头的危险埋下了祸端。。美国次贷危险被传授初步知识的的国际筑危险，除英国外的欧洲陈述的义务危险。危险表露了美。、英国筑系统与筑系统的种种侮辱。英国也在超额量的记入贷方扩张。、不动产起泡是下场的，筑机关正猜度。。筑高潮袭来，英国股市抽杀，大存款挤兑，不动产价格空降，磅升值。从2008一节的其次一节到2009一节的第三岁末，英国正有下场衰退期。。
为了应对危险，英国工党布朗内阁接来4000亿磅的救市测算表，直捣370亿大存款陷落窘境，免于彻底失败。跟随这些办法的引入，内阁年度财政赤字急剧束紧，高达1560亿磅，那年纪占GDP的11%。，极逾越欧盟设定的3%上极限。而英国库存公司债总计的已亲密的9000亿磅，约占GDP的60%。
2010卡梅伦担任示范兵的新守旧党、自由民主党工会内阁不得不高处紧要预算。，增值课税增值课税、存款税和资产所得税，大幅节食养育和社会福利等公共花费，节食国防开销，事先，大型号的甲兵的修建测算表正停止在内的。。此外，王后也增强了对基础设施一件商品的使充满。，大举吸引外资。这些办法正逐渐存在成效。。欧盟财务乐音片面淤塞的背景资料下，2014英国财务乐音增长，国际生产总值达数万亿花花公子。，逾越
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教堂广场仅200米。
所有的旅游景点、购物大街、商务区域都环绕着酒店，无需出租车或者其他交通工具，仅需步行即可抵达。
骑士酒店是一家历史悠久的4星级酒店，距离大教堂广场仅300米之遥并且非常接近斯卡拉大剧院、著名的Montenapoleone大街和其他位于市中心的主要购物大街，其地理位置优越可以非常容易的步行抵达所有旅游景点，对于商务宾客，附近集中了主要的公司，银行或证劵交易所。Renault takım patronu Eric Boullier, Kimi Raikkonen'in, Formula 1'e dönmeye ne kadar istekli olduğunu daha iyi anlayabilmek için Fin pilotla yüz yüze görüşmek istediğini söyledi.
Geçtiğimiz haftalarda hem Renault, hem Raikkonen cephesinden, 2011 yılına dönük olarak taraflar arasında bir görüşme olduğu teyit edilmişti. Renault, Vitali Petrov'un, takımı, kendini geliştirdiğine ikna etmesi halinde koltuğunu koruyabileceğini saklamazken, Fransız ekibi Raikkonen ihtimalini de bir kenara atmak istemiyor. Boullier bununla birlikte Raikkonen'in geri dönüş için güçlü bir motivasyona sahip olduğundan emin olmak istiyor. Fransız teknik adam bunun için de Raikkonen'le yüz yüze görüşmek istediğini dile getiriyor. Boullier, "Daha önce de birkaç kez, yeni bir adım atmadan önce, ilk olarak kendisiyle görüşmek istediğimi söyledim. Geri dönme konusundaki arzusunu görmek istiyorum" ifadelerini kullandı. Öte yandan Rus çaylak pilotun Singapur'da sıralamalarda yine hata yaparak spin atması ve aracına zarar vermesinin ardından Boullier, Petrov'un henüz 2011'de devam etmek için kendini yeterince ispatlayamadığını da itiraf etti. Boullier, "Hata yapmaya devam ettiği için hala hayal kırıcı bir durum sözkonusu. Tabi üzerinde çok büyük bir baskı var. İkinci seansta kaza yaptı ve sıralamalarda 13. oldu. Garip bir durum. Yarış daha iyi geçebilirdi ama çok fazla açık kapı bıraktı ve Hulkenberg de ona karşı adeta bir kamikaze hareketi yaptı" dedi. TurkiyeF1.Com卡左双多巴缓释片是一种合成药物，其包含两种活性成分：卡比多巴（carbidopa）和左旋多巴（levodopa）。左旋多巴是一种可以经过脑血脑屏障进入脑部的前体化合物，一旦进入脑部，左旋多巴会被转化为多巴胺，从而帮助改善帕金森症状。然而，左旋多巴在体内会被迅速代谢为多巴胺，导致大部分药物被消耗掉，因此需要加入卡比多巴来提高左旋多巴在脑内的浓度。
卡左双多巴缓释片是一种延缓释放药物，通过控制药物的释放速度，可以提供持续的疗效，减少剂量和用药次数，从而提高患者的依从性。一般来说，根据个体患者的情况，医生会根据症状的严重程度和用药反应调整卡左双多巴缓释片的用量。
在开始治疗时，医生一般会选择较低的初始剂量，然后逐渐增加，直到达到最佳治疗效果为止。根据患者的个体差异，初始剂量通常为每天一片（嗜睡症患者可能需要两片），在医生指导下逐渐增加剂量。医生会根据病情调整剂量，使患者能够最大限度地受益。
一般来说，卡左双多巴缓释片的建议剂量为每天1-8片，根据患者的具体情况可能会有所不同。同时，每个剂量之间要遵循适当的时间间隔，通常是每剂3-4小时。在选定的用量和剂量间隔下，患者应该密切监测自己的症状，如果出现任何不适或副作用，应及时向医生报告。
此外，卡左双多巴缓释片应该空腹服用，并且不应该与含有高蛋白的食物一起服用，因为高蛋白会干扰药物在体内的吸收。此外，卡左双多巴缓释片的药效会因喝茶、咖啡等儿茶类饮品而减少，因此最好在饭后喝茶咖啡。
总结起来，卡左双多巴缓释片是一种常用于治疗帕金森病的药物，其用量需要根据患者的病情和症状调整。患者应密切关注自己的症状，并按照医生的指引合理用药。在服用卡左双多巴缓释片期间，患者还需要遵循一定的饮食限制，以确保药物的最佳吸收。切记，任何用药过程中都应遵循医生的指导和建议。Yüksek Kaliteli Renderlarda Pixel 3 ve Pixel 3 XL Görüldü
Şu ana kadar sadece Pixel 3 ve Pixel 3 XL'nin sadece birkaç kez görüntüsünü gördük, fakat şimdi her ikisi içinde daha iyi bir görüntü elde ettik ya da en azından fabrikada CAD'lere dayanan render'larda (bilgisayar destekli) telefonların tasarımlarını gördük.
MySmartPrice adına ünlü sızıntı hesabı @OnLeaks tarafından paylaşılan render'ler, Pixel 3 XL'nin bir çentiğe sahip olacağını gösteriyor. Standart Pixel 3 ise, önceki görüntülerle aynı çizgide.
Görünüşe göre Pixel 3, muhtemelen 18:9 en boy oranı, 5.4 inçlik bir ekrana sahipken, Pixel 3 XL'nin 6.2 inçlik bir ekran değerine sahip olduğu söyleniyor, bu da MySmartPrice teorizlerine göre 19:9 en boy oranına sahip.
Sadece Pixel 3 XL bir çentiğe sahip görünüyor. İki telefon arka taraftan birbirine benziyor.
Bu arada boyutlar Pixel 3 için 145,6 x 68,2 x 7,9 mm, Pixel 3 XL için de 158 x 76,6 x 7.9mm boyutlarında geliyor. Her iki durumda da kameranın takıldığı yerde 8.6 mm'ye kadar genişledikleri söyleniyor.
Aslında, genel olarak tasarım, çentik dışındaki bu görüntülerde de benzer görünüyor, ancak iki telefonun arka kamerası her iki telefonun arka tarafında olduğu gibi, her iki telefonun önünde bir çift objektifli bir kamera gibi görünüyor.
Görülebilecek diğer detaylar arasında öne bakan stereo hoparlörler, alt kısımda bir USB-C bağlantı noktası ve arkada bir parmak izi tarayıcısı ve iki tonlu tasarım, geçmişte cam ve metal karışımı vardı ama önceki bir söylentiye göre bu sefer cam olabilir.
Bu görüntüleyicilerin doğru olup olmadığını bilmenin bir yolu yoktur, ancak daha önce gördüklerimize ve saygın bir kaynaktan geldikleri için doğru olabilir. Pixel 3 ürün serisinin Ekim ayında büyük olasılıkla çıkacağını biliyoruz.Independent Research on Automotive Trends
Where is automotive technology headed in the future? In part, that's up to the public. If enough people want something in a car, auto manufacturers will find a way to put it in. Finding out what the public wants is the role of market research firms, which organize focus groups to learn what people like about their cars and what they'd like to see (or not see) in their next car. These firms often contract with automobile manufacturers to monitor public opinions on concept cars and new technology to determine if new models are going to sell.
But carmakers can't test public acceptance of new technologies before they determine what those new technologies are. Often new technological discoveries are generated by think tanks and private R&D organizations. For instance, Google is currently testing what might be the car of the future. Known as the Google Car, it essentially drives itself, relying on computers and automated sensing technology to navigate its way down the highway. The Google Car -- actually a fleet of six cars based on the Toyota Prius and the Audi TT -- drives back and forth between Los Angeles and San Francisco piloted solely by computer. It uses a GPS for route planning, radar and laser sensors for detecting objects and other cars in its path and cutting edge artificial intelligence programming to integrate this data. It'll be some years before Google Car technology is good enough for general use, or can be trusted on anything other than the freeway. Imagine using such a car to navigate complex neighborhood roadmaps -- but the technology will eventually be available for license by automobile manufacturers for use in production vehicles. If nothing else, its very existence proves to carmakers that an automated car will be possible much sooner than anyone might have guessed and this knowledge will guide their research. Besides Google, private organizations and industrial associations like the North Carolina Center for Automotive Research (NCCAR) and the European Council for Automotive R&D (EUCAR) work with the automotive industry to research advanced technology and study future trends.
One of the most important trends in the automotive world today is the development of alternative fuel technologies, such as electric batteries or hydrogen fuel cells. Much of the research into these technologies is taking place at universities, from the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) to the University of Eastern Kentucky. (The latter recently opened its Center for Renewable and Alternative Fuel Technologies, also known as CRAFT.) Additional research into advanced automotive technology is performed at Ohio State's Center for Automotive Research and the University of Maryland's Center for Advanced Transportation Technology. Much of this research is made possible, in part, by funds from the auto industry. For instance, the Ohio State program receives financial support from a wide range of partners, including not only the big three American car manufacturers -- Ford, Chrysler and General Motors -- but Honda, Hyundai, Toyota and automobile-related corporations such as Goodyear. The result of this research is in turn made available for all companies to use, profiting the auto industry as a whole.
This research tells the manufacturers where they should be heading in the future. But what can independent research tell the auto industry about ways in which the quality of cars can be changed today?当钢中含有钼或铬时，还可见到期Cr6C等碳化物，它们的形成在某些条件下对钢的性能会产生重要影响。○2铬对性能的影响：一般来说，只要奥氏体不锈钢保持完全奥氏体组织而没有δ铁素体等的形成，仅提高钢中铬含量不会对力学性能有显著影响，铬对奥氏体不锈钢性能影响最大的是耐蚀性，主要表现为：铬提高钢的耐氧化性介质和酸性氯化物介质的性能；在镍以及钼和铜复合作用下，铬提高钢耐一些还原性介质，有机酸，尿素和碱介质的性能；铬还提高钢耐局部腐蚀，比如晶间腐蚀。
点腐蚀，缝隙腐蚀以及某此条件下应力腐蚀的性能。对奥氏体不锈钢晶间腐蚀敏感性影响最大的因素是钢中碳含量，其他元素对晶间腐蚀的作用主要视其对碳化物的溶解和沉淀行为的影响而定，在奥氏体不锈钢中，铬能增大碳的溶解度而降低铬的贫化度，因而提高铬含量对奥氏体不锈钢的耐晶间腐蚀是有益，铬非常有效地改善奥氏体不锈钢的耐点腐蚀及缝隙腐蚀性能，当钢中同时有钼或钼及氮存在时，铬的这种有效性大加强，虽然根据研究钼的耐点腐蚀及缝隙腐蚀的能力为铬的3倍左右，氮为铬的30倍，但是大量研究，奥氏体不锈钢中如果没有铬或者铬含量较低，钼及氮的耐点腐蚀与缝隙腐蚀作用便会丧失或不够显著。سخنگوی سازمان انرژی اتمی گفت: قرارداد هسته ای ایران و روسیه خلاف توافقات انجام شده نیست و صهیونیست ها درباره فعالیت های هسته ای ایران اطلاعات غلط به آژانس می دهند.
به گزارش ایرنا، بهروز کمالوندی در برنامه متن،حاشیه که شامگاه سه شنبه از شبکه سوم سیما پخش شد با بیان این که آقایان امیری و رحیمیان از همکاران سازمان انرژی اتمی در کنار تیم مذاکره کننده ایران حضور دارند، گفت: مذاکرات در حال ادامه پیدا کردن است ولی باید دیدگاه ها به هم نزدیکتر شود هرچند که راهی طولانی تاکنون پیموده شده است.
وی افزود: طرف مقابل خواستار تعطیلی رآکتور تحقیقاتی اراک و فردو شده ولی هم اکنون دیگر بحث تعطیلی این مرکز از سوی آنها مطرح نمی شود، همچنین میزان غنی سازی هم اختلافات بعدی بین دوطرف است.
کمالوندی با اشاره به اینکه جمهوری اسلامی ایران به صورت موقت و داوطلبانه غنی سازی 20 درصدی را اجرا کرده است، یاداور شد: گزارش های آژانس بین المللی انرژی اتمی به خوبی نشان داده که ایران به تعهدات خود پایبند بوده و منصفانه این است که بگوییم طرف مقابل هم تا امروز تعهدات خود را انجام داده است.
وی با تاکید بر اینکه اقدامات ایران داوطلبانه بوده است، افزود: این امر به هیچ وجه به معنای چشم پوشی از حقوق ایران نیست.
کمالوندی تاکید کرد: به هیچ وجه از حقوق خود به خصوص در مورد حق غنی سازی صرف نظر نخواهیم کرد.
وی با اشاره به نیازهای آینده ایران در مورد غنی سازی گفت: اگر بتوانیم در آینده نیازهای غنی سازی خود را با قیمتی ارزان تر از تولید سوخت در داخل خریداری کنیم حتماً این کار را انجام خواهیم داد.
سخنگوی سازمان انرژی اتمی با تاکید بر اینکه در توافقنامه به صراحت در خصوص عدم نصب اجزاء در راکتور اراک اشاره و هیچ صراحتی نسبت به خریداری اجزاء نشده است، اظهار کرد: جمهوری اسلامی ایران قبول کرده که در دوره 7 ماهه شرایط توافق قبلی را ادامه دهد و تأخیری در راه اندازی دستگاه های سانترفیوژ جدید داشته باشد؛ ضمن اینکه بازرسی های بیشتر را پذیرفته و عدم تولید اورانیوم 20 درصد غنی شده را نیز قبول کرده است هرچند که هم اکنون به آن نیازی نداریم.
کمالوندی با تاکید بر اینکه جمهوری اسلامی ایران پذیرفته که مجتمع سوخت راکتور اراک نصب نشود، گفت: اجزاء کوچکتر رآکتور اراک در حال ساخت است و این امر همچنان ادامه دارد.
سخنگوی سازمان انرژی اتمی در پاسخ به سوال مجری برنامه مبنی بر این که چرا آژانس پیشنهاد شما را برای بازدید سایت مریوان قبول نکرده یادآور شد: آژانس طبق مدارک جعلی معتقد است که انفجارهایی در این مناطق رخ داده که ما در مقابل پیشنهاد بازدید از مریوان را به آن ها داده ایم اما تا کنون پاسخی از آن ها دریافت نکردیم و هنوز هم منتظر جواب هستیم.
وی با اشاره به این که آژانس در موقعیت خوبی قرار ندارد، ادامه داد:آژانس بین المللی انرژی اتمی با مشکلات ساختار مواجه است البته آژانس باید در ابتدا اصالت منابع و اطلاعاتش را مشخص کند و بعد کشوری را متهم نماید.
کمالوندی با اشاره به اینکه ما با حوصله وارد این موضوع شده ایم و خسته نخواهیم شد تاکید کرد: ما از 18 مورد سوالی که برای آن ها وجود داشت به 16 مورد آن پاسخ دادیم و تایید آن را هم گرفتیم.
سخنگوی سازمان انرژی اتمی گفت: آژانس ارزیابی کلی اش را در رابطه با انرژی هسته ای ایران ارائه نداده و فقط به ارزیابی موردی بسنده کرده و معتقد است برای ارائه ارزیابی کلی زمان بیشتری نیاز است زیرا هر کدام از این موارد ممکن است تاثیرگذار باشد.
وی با اشاره به این که باید روش کاری آژانس بازنگری شود افزود: آژانس با عدم ارزیابی کلی می خواهد موضوعی را برای خودش نگه دارد تا دوباره امکان رسیدگی
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对糖尿病的预防起了主要作用；但对于糖尿病患者，水果中的碳水化合物对血糖的影响更大，建议糖尿病患者血糖控制不好时，可用青瓜、西红柿来代替水果，并最好到营养科看看，由营养科医生制定个性化的食谱。
文/记者伍仞 通讯员陈建伟、魏星
医学指导/广州市武警医院营养科主任曾晶、广州市第一人民医院内分泌科主任陈定宇、广州医学院荔湾医院大内科主任兼内分泌科主任罗宏斌
研究：每周三份原只水果可降低糖尿病发病风险
该项研究共对187382名参与者进行了18~24年的跟踪随访。在纳入研究前，这些参与者都没有重大慢性病，随访期间共有12198人最终患上糖尿病。研究者综合其他因素后发现，以“1”表示一般患2型糖尿病的风险值，无论吃的是哪种水果，每周吃三份水果，患2型糖尿病的风险为0.98。按不同类型的水果分类，有部分水果和2型糖尿病风险显著下降有关，分别为：蓝莓0.74、葡萄和葡萄干0.88、西梅0.89、苹果和雪梨0.93、香蕉0.95、西柚0.95、李子桃子和杏子0.97、橙子0.99。
不过，以上都有一个前提——这些水果是原只吃的。因为把水果换成等量果汁后，2型糖尿病的综合风险比为1.08。
分析：原只水果富含膳食纤维
看过该研究的报道后，广州市武警医院营养科主任曾晶分析，原只水果中的膳食纤维是使糖尿病风险降低的一个原因。水果中的纤维主要分为两种，一种是香蕉、桃、西瓜等水果中的水溶性膳食纤维，另一种是苹果、雪梨、橙等水果中的纤维素和半纤维素。前一种要做水果汁时往往不用榨，只需要搅拌即可，做成果汁时果肉中的纤维会断裂、被破坏；而后一种做成水果汁通常需要靠榨，并且榨汁后会剩下果肉“渣”，人们在喝果汁时一般是不吃“渣”的，纤维素的摄入就更少了。
膳食纤维的好处在于，能增加人的饱腹感、延缓胃排空，无形中使人胃口变小、避免过食。水溶性膳食纤维在胃肠道内和淀粉等碳水化合物交织在一起，延缓碳水化合物的吸收，可以降低餐后血糖。纤维素对人体的作用首先在于促进胃肠道蠕动，加快食物通过胃肠道，减少吸收，从而降低血糖、血脂。除此以外，纤维吸附在胃肠道壁上，也能从物理上相对隔绝食物，减少或延缓糖和脂肪酸的吸收。因此，有研究显示，同样的营养成分，以固体和液体的形式摄入，摄入固体后除了饱腹感更强以外，血糖、血脂升高的幅度较液体小。
广州医学院荔湾医院大内科主任兼内分泌科主任罗宏斌认为，水果汁比原只水果更快被人体消化吸收，使血糖在短时间内迅速升高。血糖反复升高，会造成胰岛细胞损伤，如此一来便增加了2型糖尿病的风险。而自己动口去咀嚼、消化纤维会动用更多能量，也更利于降低糖尿病风险。
建议：血糖控制不好 可用青瓜西红柿代替水果
细心的读者，尤其是糖尿病患者会发现，研究中所发现的能降低糖尿病风险的几种水果中，包括香蕉、葡萄这些升糖指数较高的水果。为何同一种水果，健康人吃了能降低糖尿病风险，但对于已经患上糖尿病的人来说，却不宜多吃呢？
“要注意的是，相关水果使糖代谢正常人群糖尿病风险降低的作用机制，和使糖尿病患者血糖升高的作用机制，是不一样的，所以在两种不同人群上可能有不同作用。”曾晶表示。
正常人群，均衡饮食、适当多吃蔬菜水果有利于健康，而糖尿病患者要控制碳水化合物摄入。日常饮食中碳水化合物主要来自主食、根茎类食物(玉米、土豆等)和水果。“我还能不能吃水果、能吃什么水果”是不少糖尿病患者关注的问题。
广州市第一人民医院内分泌科主任陈定宇介绍，能否吃水果首先要看患者的血糖控制水平，“如果血糖控制得不好，高到十几二十，就应该避免吃水果了。”另外，水果应该在两餐之间作为加餐，有利于血糖稳定，不适合在饭后马上吃。他表示，杨桃、番石榴属于含糖较低的水果，橙子、雪梨、桃子等属中等，西瓜、苹果、香蕉的糖含量较高，至于榴莲、葡萄、龙眼、荔枝等，糖尿病患者就不适宜吃了。
曾晶则介绍，如果血糖控制得不好，就可能要用青瓜、西红柿、柚子等来代替。另外，同一种水果之间也有不同。比如西红柿应选择大西红柿，而非圣女果，因为后者容易使血糖升高；而苹果中，青苹果就比蛇果好，因为苹果成熟的过程中不断合成淀粉，熟的苹果吃起来就更“粉”，也易升血糖。
曾晶提醒，糖尿病讲究综合治疗，饮食治疗有相当积极的作用，建议糖尿病患者最好到营养科向医生咨询。医生会根据患者的身高、体重、日常活动量、食物喜好等个体情况，给出一个总的建议摄入量，而且因为营养科医生更清楚每一种食物的营养成分含量，还可以分析每天每类食物应该吃什么、吃多少，制定个性化的糖尿病食谱。A WICKED PACK OF CARDS: CULTURAL ALLUSIONS AND INTERTEXTUALITY IN ‘THE WASTE LAND’
Eliot once wrote that all literature had a simultaneous existence no matter where or when it was originally composed. He argued that no poet had his complete meaning alone and that ‘his appreciation is the appreciation of his relation to the dead poets’. He wrote this in his essay ‘Tradition and the Individual Talent’ and his poem, ‘The Waste Land’, illustrates this idea. An artistic patchwork that unites the traditions, myths, and beliefs of the East and West with its multitude of cultural allusions and various intertextual references, Eliot had to provide additional notes for some of his poem because it was so rich with literary and anthropological references. It’s a typical modernist poem in being such a collage, but it’s amazing just how much ‘The Waste Land’ depends on the work of other writers, and an understanding of other cultures, to make much sense at all.
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Take Madame Sosostris, for example. The poem clearly indicates she’s a mystic, a clairvoyant who can read Tarot cards, but a fuller appreciation of her role emerges when you realise she’s an allusion to Aldous Huxley’s novel Crome Yellow. Crome Yellow focuses on the disenchantment of an age that had seen The Great War and its aftermath, so referencing such a work adds to the mood Eliot is to build upon throughout ‘The Waste Land’. Additionally, in Crome Yellow, Sesostris is a man dressed as fortune teller woman, so now the character of ‘The Waste Land’ is also sexually ambiguous by association.
Ambiguity and ideas of transformation are key to Eliot’s poem: we have Philomel’s transformation into a bird; the use of Tiresias who changed sex; Actaeon’s transformation into a stag. There is also ambiguity in the role of narrator for it transforms several times throughout the various sections; rather than a consistent narrator figure there is a merging of voices, a fluidity of identity that crosses boundaries and knows no restriction of age, race, or gender. Madame Sosostris’s card of the Phoenician Sailor readies the reader for this as those ‘pearls that were his eyes’ alludes to Shakespeare’s The Tempest, the line featuring in Ariel’s song which is one of transformation ‘into something rich and strange’. In using so many cultural references, ‘The Waste Land’ does exactly that, making something rich and strange from its different sources.
HURRY UP PLEASE IT’S TIME
The concept of change is closely related to that of time. Eliot’s interest in this is emphasised by the repeated cry of ‘HURRY UP PLEASE IT’S TIME’, the pub call for last orders strikingly out of place alongside the various historical references within ‘The Waste Land’. The Sibyl, aging beyond normal mortality; Tiresias, resurrected from the dead to foresee the future; Philomel, living eternally as the nightingale: each of these figures embodies time. Madame Sosostris, too, is a similar figure for she is foretelling the future via her ‘wicked pack of cards’. She is a prophet figure like the Sibyl and Tiresias, and as her cards reveal the future, so do they foreshadow elements of the poem. The ‘drowned Phoenician Sailor’ appears later and ‘fear death by water’ warns of this forth section of the poem, whereas the ‘one-eyed merchant’ recurs as ‘Mr. Eugenides, the Smyrna merchant’ of part three. Eliot associates the ‘Hanged Man’ with the hooded figure of part five and the ‘crowds of people’ are met again flowing over London Bridge. Such internal allusions serve to create a sense of unity within an otherwise fragmented poem, developing themes and concerns which are highlighted as timeless by the historical allusions. It’s a particularly effective way to emphasise one theme of the poem: regeneration.
I DO NOT FIND THE HANGED MAN
In being self-referential and repetitive, and in employing allusions to previous works and myths to resurrect sources of the past, ‘The Waste Land’ is itself an act of regeneration. Figures emphasising this include ‘The Hanged Man’ of Madame Sosostris’s pack, associated in Eliot’s mind with the Hanged God of Frazer’s well-known book, The Golden Bough. This Norse god, Odin, drank from a well of knowledge, but he had to trade one of his eyes to do so, making him similar to the one-eyed merchant of line 52. The hanged god reference, however, comes from the time he speared himself and hung as a corpse, again in a desire for secret knowledge; after nine days and nights he was able to cast off death and thus become a figure of regeneration.
Yet despite these references to regeneration, there seems to be a contradictory desire for finality in the poem. Again, various allusions emphasise this. Sybil laments ‘I want to die’ in the epigraph and we are shown fear in the ‘handful of dust’ that is her longevity. References to Cleopatra, Dido, and Ophelia remind us of suicide, whilst the ‘shanti shanti shanti’ of the final line directly mimics the formal ending of Hindu literature. However, any possibility of an ending to ‘The Waste Land’ is denied entirely because of such references: allusions that flit back and forth across time mean the poem can’t finish.
Cultural references to regeneration and fertility make an otherwise bleak poem rather optimistic. The Fisher King of Arthurian legend, indicated here by the ‘man with three staves’, had a sickness that was reflected in the state of the country, his own weakness and sterility making it a barren waste land. He and his realm were one. Many have read Eliot’s poem as an expression of the disillusionment of a generation or a criticism of contemporary society and its effect on the individual, and it has become something of a cliché, but this allusion to The Fisher King also represents hope, for to cure the individual is to cure the land, and vice versa. The Fisher King also adds to the poem’s mythological feel, and in being without precise history, myth can explain past, present, and future, reminding the reader of Eliot’s views regarding literature and simultaneous existence. ‘The Waste Land’ is regenerative. It ‘breeds lilacs out of the dead land’ that is the past, ‘stirring dull roots with spring rain’ whilst at the same time using the past to interpret the present and future.
THERE ARE ONLY YOU AND I TOGETHER
Myth does more than extend the poem’s span across time or emphasise its significance; it creates a poem that is impersonal. There is no clear definition of the poet within ‘The Waste Land’ and the multicultural references, together with the fragmented structure, forces our attention to the content and deliberately makes identifying a singular poetic voice difficult. By employing the words and phrases of other poets before him, Eliot is able to keep his distance; he’s there, but he’s ‘the third who walks always beside you’, glimpsed but never really seen. ‘The Waste Land’ is less about writing and more about reading. Even Madame Sosostris, who may be considered a poet figure inasmuch as she reveals truth, is really primarily a reader for she finds her truths in cards which demand interpretation. But even she is forbidden to see the blank card which the merchant carries, suggesting that full interpretation will always be elusive.
THINKING OF THE KEY, EACH CONFIRMS A PRISON
Eliot’s poem defies any definitive reading, and he acknowledges this via figures like the Sibyl, Tiresias, and Madame Sosostris, figures associated with riddles. Considering the complexity of the poem, such references are very apt. But do you have to understand all of the puzzle to enjoy the poem? Certainly not; simply reading it aloud is enough for that. A deeper appreciation of ‘The Waste Land’ may come from understanding each allusion, but the use of so many that are obscure seems to mark a deliberate attempt to reintroduce an element of mystery to poetry, the intertextual references teasing with additional depths of meaning rather than simply validating the work by indirectly namedropping Ovid, Dante, Wagner, Milton, Shakespeare. There is barely a single line within the poem that does not refer to another source, be it another poem, the Bible, Greek, Roman, or Germanic myth, Eastern mantra or Australian army ballad, and readings of ‘The Waste Land’ are just as numerous and varied. The cultural references of the poem are rather like the cards of Madame Sosostris, each depending upon individual interpretation, for anything else would be too restrictive. Rather than existing independently in an apparently fragmented structure, and far from making a ‘sprawling chaotic poem’ as Eliot claimed, the allusions and intertextual references in ‘The Waste Land’ coexist to bind it into a unified pack that can be dealt and read again in different ways. It’s up to the reader just how ‘wicked’ they allow the pack to be.by Nick Engler
Wood is a cantankerous substance; there’s no two ways about it. Its virtues, of course, are legendary. It’s attractive, abundant and easy to work. Pound for pound, it’s stronger than steel. If properly finished and cared for it will last indefinitely. But none of that makes up for the fact that it’s a complex and often perplexing building material.Unlike metals and plastics, whose properties are fairly consistent, wood is wholly inconsistent. It expands and contracts in all directions, but not at the same rate.It’s stronger in one direction than it is in another. Its appearance changes not only from species to species, but from log to log — sometimes board to board.That being so, how can you possibly use this stuff to make a fine piece of furniture? Or a fine birdhouse, for that
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证金所产生的利息，归属乙方所有。 （四） 其它费用 1、 为实现本合同目的经甲方确认后所办理的评估、鉴定、登记、 公证、保险、保管、 运输、差旅、咨询等费用均由甲方承担。由乙方代为支付的，甲方 应在乙方支付之日起 3 个工作日内向乙方偿还。 2、 甲方在此是按照贷款银行批准的贷款期限收费，如甲方原因致 使乙方在贷款到期 后仍然无法解除担保责任或担保责任加重的，乙方有权向甲方收取 贷款期限届满日至担保责任依法定或约定解除或届满期间的双倍担 保费及滞纳金。 第七条 违约及违约后果 （一） 如因甲方原因，致使本笔业务无法完成，乙方只退回所收取 的担保费的 50%，余 下 50%作为乙方劳务费用。如因乙方原因无法完成本笔业务，则乙 方全额退回所收取的担保费。 （二） 由于乙方所担保的是甲方按期、足额的归还贷款，所以如因 甲方未能如约履行上 述贷款合同相关义务，乙方自接获贷款银行的贷款催收书或贷款逾 期通知书之日起，甲方即须承担以下违约责任，乙方可向甲方追偿 的款项包括不限于： 1、 贷款本息、利息、罚息、复息； 2、 担保标的额 20%的违约金； 3、 乙方代偿款及代偿款利息； 4、 乙方为实现债权所须花费的一切费用（评估、鉴定、登记、公 证、保险、保管、 运输、差旅、拍卖变卖费用、诉讼费用、律师费用等）； 5、 依本合同约定乙方应收取的担保费及滞纳金； 6、 反担保债权实现后不足以弥补乙方损失的差额。 （三） 甲方、反担保隐瞒抵押物、质押物存在共有、争议、挂失、 提前支取被查封扣押、 提起公示催告程序、涉及诉讼或仲裁、以设定担保物权等以及发生 其它严重及职权实现事项的，甲方必须向乙方支付贷款本金每日万 分之五的违约金，违约金不足弥补乙方损失的，甲方还应就不足部 分加以赔偿乙方。同时乙方有权就损失部分向甲方追究相关法律责 任。 （四） 存在下列情形之一者，乙方不承担担保责任； 1、 贷款银行与甲方协议变更《贷款合同》未经乙方书面同意； 2、 贷款银行允许甲方转让债务未经乙方书面同意； 3、 以“借新还旧”的方式发放的贷款； 4、 其它恶意侵害乙方权益的行为。 第八条 义务的履行及权利的放弃 （一） 甲方、反担保方在本合同项下的义务具有独立性，不受本合 同任何一方与第三人 之间关系的影响，但本合同另有约定的除外。 （二） 乙方或债权给予主债务人的任何宽容、宽限、优惠或延缓行 使本合同，均不应作 债权人或乙方对本合同项下权利、权利的放弃或丧失，也不影响甲 方、反担保方在本合同项下应承担的任何义务。 第九条 合同的修改、补充和解释 （一） 本合同经甲乙双方书面同意可以修改或补充，本合同的任何 修改或补充均构成本 合同不可分割的一部分。甲方要求乙方修改担保内容时，须向乙方 提交书面的修改申请和上述贷款银行对所作修改的书面认可文件， 在增加担保金额或延长担保期限的情况下，甲方还必须相应增加或 延长对乙方的反担保及其费用，否则乙方有权不接受甲方的修改申 请。如甲方与债权人达成任何未经乙方书面确认的新承诺，则乙方 的全部担保责任即告解除。 （二） 如国家法律、法规或司法实践的任何变化导致贷款合同、担 保合同或本合同任条 款成为非法、无效或失去了强制执行性，本合同任何其它条款的合 法性、有效性和强制性均不受任何影响，本合同各当事人届时应密 切合作，尽快修改本合同中成为非法、无效或失去了强制执行性的 有关条款。 （三） 甲乙双方的权利、责任及义务如在贷款合同、担保合同的约 定与本合同的内 容有冲突，以本合同为准。 第十条 争议、管辖和放弃豁免 （一） 本合同的订立、效力、解释、履行及争议的解决均适用中华 人民共和国法律。 （二） 如甲方未按照本合同的约定全面、适当履行债务，甲方愿意 直接接受人民法院的 强制执行。甲、乙双方共同约定对本协议办理公证，该公证书应具 有强制执行效力，公证费用由甲方负担。 （三） 乙方向法院申请支付令或持具有强制执行效力的公证文书直 接向人民法院申请强 制执行时，甲方将无条件放弃抗辩权。 （四） 如乙方选择不直接向人民法院申请执行公证债权文书，或人 民法院裁定不予执行 或撤消公证债权文书，或甲方行使诉讼权利，应当向乙方住所地的 人民法院提起诉讼。 第十一条 通知 （一） 本合同约定和法定的通知自送达受送达方住所时生效。 地址确认： 【篇二：货款担保书】 货款担保书 致（下称贷款单位） ： 根据 （贷款单位）与（借 款单位） 在年月日贷款单位向借款单位提供 元（大写 ）货款借款。 现我担保人、、愿意担保：当借款单位不论由于什么原因不能向贷 款单位履行还本、付息及支付相关费用时， 所有担保人自愿共同承担并于出货时间（ 年月日）一周内即 年月日 无条件付清本次担保借款的本金、利息及相关费用。 担保人声明和保证： 一、担保人是在 自愿、公平、合法 的情况下签定本担保书，任何改 变担保人本身性质、地 位的事件、事项发生或者有可能发生时，担保人保证及时通知贷款 单位。 二、担保人在收到贷款人出具的要求担保人履行担保责任的付款通 知书后，不管贷款人是否 向借款单位追索，保证按付款通知书规定的付款日、付款金额，主 动、一次性向贷款单 位付清全部应付款项。贷款单位出具的付款通知书是终结性的，对 借款单位和担保人均 有约束力。 三、如果借款单位解散、破产、更改名称等类似情况出现，并不解 除担保人在此担保书下的 责任。 四、担保人的继承人（包括因改组合并而继承）将受本担保书的约 束，并继续承担本担保项 下的责任。未得到贷款单位事先书面同意，担保人不能转让其担保 义务。 五、本担保书是无条件不可撤销的担保。担保人与任何其它方面签 定的任何合同（协议或契 身份证号码： 身份证号码： 身份证号码： 贷款 单位：担保签定时间： 【篇三：民间借款担保合同范本】 民间借款担保合同 借款人： 担保人： 贷款人： 本合同各方根据《中华人民共和国合同法》、《中华人民共和国担 保法》、《中华人民共和国民法通则》等规定，本着平等、自愿、 诚实守信、协商一致的原则，为明确责任，恪守信用，签订本合同， 并保证共同遵守。 第一部分 借贷条款 第一条 借款用途：本合同项下之借款用于且必须合法使用。 第二条 借款金额：借款金额为人民币(大写)： 万元整，小写： ￥ 元(大小写不一致时，以大写为准，下同)。 第三条借款期限：借款期限为个月，自年 月 日起到年 月 日止。 第四条 借款利率：借款期限内的(年/月)利率为 。（借款人到期未归 还本金的，逾期部分按照在本条约定利率的基础上加收 5%利率） 第五条 还款方式：借款人选择以下第 种还款方式： 1、到期一次还本付息，利随本清。 2、按 (月/季)结息，利息支付日为每 (月/季)末本清。 3、其他。 第六条 如出现下列情形，贷款人有权随时要求借款人在约定的期限 内提前清偿部分或全部贷款本息： 1、借款人将所借款项用于非法活动。 2、担保物毁损或灭失，不足以实现本合同担保之目的，借款人和担 保人不能提供贷款人可予接受的其他担保的。 3、借款人或担保人的资信出现危机，有可能导致出借人无法收回借 款的。 第七条 借款人的权利和义务： 1、如实提供有关证件、证明和其他材料，并接受贷款人的监督和检 查; 2、保证本借款按照借款用途使用且不用于非法活动; 3、按照本合同的约定取得借款本金，并按时偿还借款本息。 第八条 贷款人的权利和义务： 1、保证资金来源合法; 2、按约定向借款人发放贷款; 3、有权按照本合同的约定收取借贷本金和利息，有权按照约定行使 担保追索权。 第二部分 担保条款 第九条 担保人：为确保借款人正当履行还款义务，担保人自愿以其 拥有所有权并有权处分权的全部财产担保给贷款人，作为借款人归 还借款的担保。 本合同项下的担保财产为： 担保人保证：所担保的自有财产满足担保条件，并同意受本合同约 束。 但保人所承担的担保为连带责任担保。 第十条 担保范围：为本合同项下的贷款本金、利息、逾期利息、违 约金以及贷款人实现债权的所有费用（包括仲裁费用、诉讼费用和 律师费用等）。 当借款人未按照本合同约定履行其还款义务时，无论贷款人对本合 同项下的债权是否拥有其它担保，贷款人均有权直接要求担保人承 担担保责任。 第三部分 违约责任及其他约定 第十一条 违约责任：下列情况均构成违约，违约方应承担违约责任： 1、借款人提供的证件、证明等有虚假、非法的情况，贷款人可要求 借款人立即偿还全部借款及相应利息，可依法行使对本合同项下的 担保权。 2、借款人在还款期限届满时，未能足额偿还借款本息的，视为严重 违约，应另行向贷款人支付全部贷款本金%的违约金，并承担贷款人 为实现债权支付的全部费用（包括仲裁费用、诉讼费用和律师费用 等）。 3、贷款人不能按照本合同的约定向借款人发放贷款的，视为严重违 约，应承担其他方所付出的直接费用，并向借款人另行支付全部贷 款本金%的违约金。 4、担保人因隐瞒担保物存在共有、争议、被查封、已担保或者已出 租等情况，而给贷款人造成损失的，应当向贷款人承担赔偿责任。 第十二条 争议解决方式:本合同在履行过程中发生的争议，由当事人 协商解决;协商不成的，按下述第 1 种方式解决： 1、提交淮北仲裁委员会仲裁; 2、依法向人民法院提起诉讼。 第十三条 生效、变更、解除、终止： 1、在签订本合同前，合同各方已完全理解并接受本合同的内容，在 本合同项下全部意思表示均真实有效。合同各方选择以下第种约定 为本合同的生效条件： (1)自各方当事人签字后生效; (2)经 公证处公证后生效。2.本合同项下借款本息和相关费用全部清 偿完毕后，本合同终止。 2、本合同如需要变更或解除，应由合同各方共同达成书面协议。 第十四条 本合同一式 份，合同各方各执一份。 借款人 (签字或盖章)： 担保人 (签字或盖章)： 贷款人 (签字或盖章)： 年月日
在日常的生活中我们知道，履约担保是工程发包人为防止承包人在合同执行过程中违反合同规定或违约，并弥补给发包人造成的经济损失。其中的形式包括了履约保证金。那么服务类的
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ability to control the weather. Tesla however, thought he had conceptualized the solution to this very problem. Tesla thought that with his idea, temperature could be controlled like a global thermostat, and fertile farmland could be created in any environment, simply by using specific radio waves to manipulate Earth’s magnetic field in the ionosphere and create huge standing waves. Then, these waves would be used to manipulate various wind patterns and therefore, the weather.
Many patents were filed by Tesla in his pursuit to control the weather involving Extremely Low Frequency, and he supposedly proved that the waves could be made and used to control weather. Some conspiracy theorists feel that Tesla’s paper ultimately fell into the wrong hands, and are being used right now to control the weather. They point to this as the explanation for our recently odd global weather patterns and unfavorable sustained weather patterns, like droughts in certain parts of the world.
4. X-Ray Gun
The discovery of the X-ray by William Roentgen fascinated many, including Tesla. Using Roentgen’s original designs, Tesla began to expand on his experiments with the X-rays. Tesla would invite people into his salons to become demonstrations for the audience.
During this time, Tesla began to become very close with Mark Twain, who frequented Tesla’s salons after Tesla cured his constipation. Twain and Tesla were frequently found playing with this so-called “X-Ray Gun” that Tesla had invented. It is said that they would hang paper after paper of undeveloped film on a wall, then take turns blasting each other with the machine. The X-ray guns that Tesla created had the ability to shoot enormous amount of X-rays over a distance of up to 40 ft.
Though the invention was deemed incredibly fun by both Twain and Tesla, it seemed to fail in the practicality sector and never really caught on. The giant x-ray body maps of both Tesla and Twain can still be seen today.
3. Alternating Current
Nikola Tesla began working for Thomas Edison in 1882 when he moved to Paris for a job with the Continental Edison Company. It didn’t take long before Tesla’s genius was recognized, and he was requested to move to America to work alongside Edison himself, who had just developed the infamous direct current, which he thought would be the answer to everyone’s prayers when it came to electricity.
The direct current generator had several problems, and Edison promised $50,000 to Tesla if he could redesign and fix the issues. Tesla followed through on his end of the bargain by producing several patents to solve Edison’s problems, though Edison never did follow through with the money. This forced Tesla to leave Edison and form his own company, where he began to develop a new means of electricity known as the alternating current. There were obvious and major benefits to using alternative versus direct current, like the ability to change voltage and transmit it over long distances, saving both power and money for the users.
And with this, the War of the Currents had begun. Edison was furious to hear that his apprentice had broken off to team up with George Westinghouse, and did everything in his power to discredit AC. Edison held large demonstrations to scare the public away from AC by claiming it could burn their house down, electrocuting several different animals with AC including dogs, horses, elephants, and even humans (using AC to power the first electric chair).
For once though, Tesla’s ideas proved sustainable beyond the laboratory. He was able to gain support for the safety of AC when he passed a frequency high enough to power a light bulb without any injury at the 1893 World Exposition. Eventually, alternating current won out, and is still what powers basically all of our electricity today.
2. Lighting the World
What if an invention was created with the ability to light up the entire world and all of its contents? This would reduce the need for lights, and major disasters could be avoided because of the lack of darkness. Well, this is the exact idea that Nikola Tesla had in mind when he began developing a plan to illuminate the world. He wanted to use the principle of rarefied gas luminescence, which states that particles certain gas particles give off a glow when they become excited with energy. He planned to aim a very strong beam of energy like an ultraviolet ray gun into the upper part of our atmosphere causing the low-pressure particles to cast a glow over the entire Earth much like the aurora borealis.
Tesla felt that using his method, accidents like the Titanic could be forever avoided, but clearly not enough people backed his plan.
1. Tesla’s Oscillator
Everything is made up of atoms, and every single object has a natural frequency that these particles vibrate at. When a mechanical system’s oscillation frequency matches this natural frequency, the system responds at much greater amplitude. An example of the destruction that mechanical frequencies can have is the failure of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge. This strong suspension bridge crumbled when it’s resonance frequency was hit by relatively light wind.
Using this concept, Tesla was thought to have developed a pocket-sized invention with enough power to bring down an entire building. He described the story to a reporter that he was experimenting with his new invention and different vibrations. As he turned the machine higher, a strange noise was made, and a cracking began to develop. Suddenly, everything in his lab began flying around to the point where both police and emergency services were called. Tesla had to smash the machine with a hammer before the building came crashing down.
When asked what it would take to destroy the Empire State Building, Tesla replied that all he would need was his invention, five pounds of air pressure, and enough time to find the correct vibration. He thought his machine would be able to transmit mechanical energy to any part of the world using telegeodynamics, though no one has been able to prove or recreate his claims. He also thought that his oscillators had great healing powers if they were dialed into the natural frequency of the human body, yet another mad scientist claim that has yet to become reality in a non-mad world."MERİH'E İHTİYACIMIZ VARDI"
Bayer Leverkusen maçının ardından Udinese'ye karşı da Merih'e forma veren Sarri, "Merih Demiral'ı 11'de oynattım çünkü Leverkusen maçında iyi iş çıkarmıştı. Onun gibi hızlı ve agresif bir oyuncuya ihtiyacımız vardı" dedi.
"DAHA İYİ OLACAKTIR"
Sarri, Merih Demiral hakkında sözlerini "Merih'i bu maçta da beğendim. Bazen hisleriyle oynuyor ama sürecin iyi gittiğini düşünüyorum. Zamanla daha iyi olacaktır." diyerek tamamladı.
Juventus-Udinese maçında 90 dakika sahada kalan Merih Demiral, Bonucci'nin attığı golde asisti yapan isim oldu.Ateş Kadehi
Harry'nin 4. Yılı
Harry Potter ve Ateş KadehiArka Kapak Açıklaması;
Harry Potter'ın büyücülük okulundaki dördüncü yılında başından geçenleri anlatan Harry Potter ve Ateş Kadehi, dizinin önceki kitaplarında tanık olduğumuzdan hem çok daha eğlenceli, hem çok daha ürkütücü bir büyücülük dünyasının kapılarını açıyor.
Hogwarts Cadılık ve Büyücülük Okulu'nda dördüncü sınıfa geçen Harry, yaz tatilinde Dursley'lerden izin koparıp arkadaşlarıyla birlikte Quidditch Dünya Kupası finalini izlemeye gidiyor. Bu yıl Hogwarts'taki en büyük yenilik ise, Üçbüyücü Turnuvası. Üç rakip büyücülük okulunun katılımıyla gerçekleşen bu etkinlik yüz yıldan beri ilk kez düzenleniyor. Harry, istemediği halde, yaşı bile tutmadığı halde, kendini bu Turnuva'nın içinde buluyor. Oysa onun tek istediği, büyücülük standartları içinde olabildiğince "normal" bir yaşam sürmek, yeni büyüler öğrenerek kendini geliştirmek, Cho'yla ilgili hayaller kurmak, Ron ve Hermione'yle hoşça vakit geçirmek. Ancak, alnındaki yara izinin ikide bir acıması, korkunç olayların yaklaşmakta olduğunun habercisi...
Bölüm İsimleri;
BİRİNCİ BÖLÜM Riddle Evi
İKİNCİ BÖLÜM Yara İzi
ÜÇÜNCÜ BÖLÜM Davet
DÖRDÜNCÜ BÖLÜM Kovuk’a Dönüş
BEŞİNCİ BÖLÜM Weasley Büyücü Şakaları
ALTINCI BÖLÜM Anahtar
YEDİNCİ BÖLÜM Bagman ve Crouch
SEKİZİNCİ BÖLÜM Quidditch Dünya Kupası
DOKUZUNCU BÖLÜM Karanlık İşaret
ONUNCU BÖLÜM Bakanlık’ta Kargaşa
ON BİRİNCİ BÖLÜM Hogwarts Ekspresi’nde
ON İKİNCİ BÖLÜM Üçbüyücü Turnuvası
ON ÜÇÜNCÜ BÖLÜM Deli-Göz Moody
ON DÖRDÜNCÜ BÖLÜM Affedilmez Lanetler
ON BEŞİNCİ BÖLÜM Beauxbatons ve Durmstrang
ON ALTINCI BÖLÜM Ateş Kadehi
ON YEDİNCİ BÖLÜM Dört Şampiyon
ON SEKİZİNCİ BÖLÜM Asalar Tartılıyor
ON DOKUZUNCU BÖLÜM Macar Boynuzkuyruk
YİRMİNCİ BÖLÜM Birinci Görev
YİRMİ BİRİNCİ BÖLÜM Ev Cini Kurtuluş Cephesi
YİRMİ İKİNCİ BÖLÜM Beklenmedik Görev
YİRMİ ÜÇÜNCÜ BÖLÜ Noel Balosu
YİRMİ DÖRDÜNCÜ BÖLÜM Rita Skeeter’ın Atlatma Haberi
YİRMİ BEŞİNCİ BÖLÜM Yumurta ve Göz
YİRMİ ALTINCI BÖLÜM İkinci Görev
YİRMİ YEDİNCİ BÖLÜM Patiayak’ın Dönüşü
YİRMİ SEKİZİNCİ BÖLÜM Mr Crouch’un Deliliği
YİRMİ DOKUZUNCU BÖLÜM Rüya
OTUZUNCU BÖLÜM Düşünseli
OTUZ BİRİNCİ BÖLÜM Üçüncü Görev
OTUZ İKİNCİ BÖLÜM Et, Kan ve Kemik
OTUZ ÜÇÜNCÜ BÖLÜM Ölüm Yiyen’ler
OTUZ DÖRDÜNCÜ BÖLÜM Priori Incantatem
OTUZ BEŞİNCİ BÖLÜM Veritaserum
OTUZ ALTINCI BÖLÜM Yol Ayrımı
OTUZ YEDİNCİ BÖLÜM Başlangıç
Kitaptan Bir Bölüm;
Anahtar
Mrs VVeasley onu dürterek uyandırdığında, Harry kendini daha yeni uyumuş gibi hissediyordu.
Mrs VVeasley, "Kalkma vakti geldi, Harry'çiğim," diye fısıldayıp Ron'u uyandırmaya gitti.
Harry elleriyle çevresini yoklayıp gözlüğünü buldu, gözüne takh ve doğruldu. Dışarıda hava hâlâ karanlıktı. Ron, annesi onu kaldırırken belli belirsiz bir şeyler mırıldandı. Harry'nin yorganının ayakucunda, saçı başı birbirine karışmış iki iri şekil, battaniyelerin arasından sıyrıldılar.
"Sabah oldu mu yani?" dedi Fred dermansız halde.
Konuşamayacak kadar uykulu olduklarından, suskun suskun giyindiler. Sonra da esneye gerine mutfağa indiler.
Mrs VVeasley ocaktaki büyük bir tencerenin içindekileri karıştırıyor, Mr VVeasley ise masada oturmuş, büyükçe parşömen biletlerden oluşan bir desteyi kontrol ediyordu. Çocuklar içeri girdiğinde kıyafetini daha iyi görebilsinler diye kollarını iki yana açtı. Golf kazağına
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benzeyen bir şey ve kendisine biraz bol gelen, kalın bir kemerle tutturulmuş çok eski bir kot pantolon giymişti.
"Ne diyorsunuz?" diye sordu heyecanla. "Kılık değiştirmemiz gerekiyor - nasıl, Muggle'a benziyor muyum, Harry?"
"Evet," dedi Harry gülümseyerek, "çok iyi."
"Bili, Charlie ve Per-Per-Percy nerede?" dedi Geor-ge, esnemesini bastıramayarak.
"Eh, ne de olsa onlar Cisimlenerek gidecek," dedi Mrs VVeasley. Büyük tencereyi güçbela kaldırıp masanın üstüne yerleştirerek, kaplara yulaf lapası koymaya başladı. "O yüzden biraz daha keyif yapabilirler."
Harry, Cisimlenme'nin çok zor olduğunu biliyordu. Bir yerden kaybolup neredeyse aynı anda başka bir yerde ortaya çıkmak anlamına geliyordu bu.
"Yani hâlâ uyuyorlar mı?" dedi Fred huysuz huysuz, kendi yulaf lapası kabını önüne çekerek. "Niye biz de Cisimlenemiyoruz?"
"Çünkü henüz o yaşa gelmediniz ve sınavınızı vermediniz/' diye çıkıştı Mrs VVeasley. "Bu kızlar da nerede kaldı?"
Aceleyle mutfaktan fırladı. Merdiveni çıktığını duydular.
"Cisimlenmek için sınav mı vermek gerekiyor?" diye sordu Harry.
"Evet," dedi Mr VVeasley. Biletleri, kaybolmasınlar diye arka cebine koydu. "Büyülü Taşımacılık Dairesi geçen gün iki kişiye ehliyetleri olmadan Cisimlendikle-rı için ceza kesmek zorunda kaldı. Kolay bir şey değil
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Cisimlenme, doğru yapılmadığında çok kötü sonuçlara yol açabiliyor. Bahsettiğim çift kendilerini septirdi."
Harry dışında masadaki herkes yüzünü buruşturdu.
"Şey - septirdi mi?" dedi Harry.
Mr VVeasley, yulaf lapasının üzerine kaşık kaşık melas koyarak, "Yanları arkada kaldı," dedi. "Ve tabii ki sıkışıp kaldılar. İki tarafa da gidemiyorlardı. Sonra Büyü Kazalannı Düzeltme Ekibi'nin gelip onlan toparla-; ması gerekti. Şunu söyleyebilirim ki, bayağı bir evrak işi gerekti. Hele arkalarında bıraktıkları parçaları gören Muggle'lan da düşünecek olursanız..."
Birden Harr/nin gözlerinin önüne Privet Drive'da kaldırımın üzerine bırakılmış bir çift bacakla bir göz geldi.
"Peki, iyiler mi?" diye sordu, sarsılmış bir halde.
"Evet, tabii," dedi Mr VVeasley, istifini bozmadan. "Ama onlara ağır bir ceza kesildi, bir daha aceleyle böyle bir işe kalkışacaklarını sanmıyorum. Cisimlenme hafife alınacak iş değil. Birçok yetişkin büyücü bile bu zahmete katlanmıyor. Süpürgeyi tercih ediyorlar - daha yavaş, ama daha güvenli."
"Ama Bili, Charlie ve Percy, üçü de yapabiliyorlar, ha?"
"Charlie'nin sınava iki kere girmesi gerekti," dedi Fred sırıtarak. "İlkini veremedi. Gereken yerin sekiz kilometre güneyine, alışverişe çıkmış zavallı bir yaşlı kadının tam tepesine Cisimlenmişti, hatırlıyor musunuz?" l
"Evet ama ikincisinde geçti," dedi Mrs VVeasley, onlar neşeyle kıs kıs gülerlerken mutfağa girerek.
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"Percy daha iki hafta önce geçti," dedi George. "O zamandan beri her sabah Cisimlenerek iniyor aşağı, sırf yapabildiğini ispatlamak için."
Holde ayak sesleri duyuldu ve Hermione'yle Ginny mutfağa geldiler. İkisi de solgun ve mahmur görünüyordu.
"Niye bu kadar erken kalkmamız gerekiyor?" dedi Ginny, gözlerini ovuşturup sofraya oturarak.
"Biraz yürümemiz gerekiyor," dedi Mr VVeasley.
"Yürümek mi?" dedi Harry. "Ne yani, Dünya Kupası'na yürüyerek mi gidiyoruz?"
"Yo, yo, o çok uzakta," dedi Mr VVeasley gülümseyerek. "Sadece kısa bir mesafeyi yürüyeceğiz. Çok sayıda büyücünün Muggle'ların dikkatini çekmeden toplanması çok zor da... Normalde bile nasıl seyahat ettiğimiz konusunda çok dikkatli olmamız gerekiyor, hele ki şimdi Çjuidditch Dünya Kupası gibi muazzam bir etkinlik var..."
"George!" dedi Mrs VVeasley sertçe. Hepsi yerlerinden sıçradılar.
"Ne var?" dedi George. Ses tonundaki masumiyet kimseyi kandıramamıştı.
"Cebindeki o şey de ne?"
"Hiç!"
"Bana yalan söyleme!"
Mrs Weasley asasını George'un cebine doğrulttu ve, "acio"dedi.
George'un cebinden birçok küçük, parlak
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the village that there are drugs available to cure people. We did not know these drugs existed till this treatment campaign in our village started, now we learned that the drugs are treating people who are suffering and also preventing everyone else from getting the diseases.
How to reach vulnerable communities
The organisation of a drugs distribution and treatment campaign requires a lot of support from many people. At the East Equatoria States Health Department, health supervisors are trained in the distribution and administration of the drugs. They then recruit and train community health workers and drug distributors from the villages. This chain system provides a way of ensuring that those giving the drugs are trusted members of their communities and work in their own localities.
The community drug distributors take the drugs from house to house, ensuring that they treat everyone in every household. It can be difficult as some of the areas are remote and difficult to access, and houses are frequently kilometres apart. In addition, some people are suspicious of the medicine and the distributors need to explain how the drugs improve their health.
The work is done in teams of three - one person to measure an individual to ascertain the amount of medicine they need, another to act as a recorder of who lives in the household and takes the drugs, and the third to give the drugs and ensure they are swallowed. All team members work under COVID-19 protection guidelines to keep themselves and others safe. Alongside this, the health supervisors check that everyone takes the treatment, and that no one is left behind. The aim of this campaign is to treat more than 4 million people against lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis.
Moses Duku, CBM’s Monitoring and Evaluation Officer in Juba, explains the importance of the treatment campaigns:
People suffering from lymphatic filariasis or onchocerciasis are stigmatised because of the symptoms and the ignorance about the disease. They feel they are not important and are being ignored by their communities. They are often unable to move around or to walk to the market, some cannot wear shoes or flipflops and must wear loose garments to lessen the pain of their condition. They often are unable to work and earn a living for their family or even to look after the children, this affects their relationships and social life.
The fact that this mass drug administration has reached areas of the country which have never been reached before, is a big step forward. To achieve the full elimination of these neglected tropical diseases, it is essential that future programmes build on this progress and continue for several years.Pearls are extremely fascinating! Not only due to their outstanding beauty but also because where they come from and how they are made. It is simply amazing to think that those delicate beads that we wear on come from an oyster in the sea. As a child, did you ever wonder where they came from?
Here are 5 awesome facts about pearls that you will enjoy!
FACT #1: Did you know that pearls are the only gemstones made by living animals? Something so special comes from a living and breathing creature.
FACT #2: Did you know that Akoya, or saltwater pearls come from oysters, but freshwater pearls come from mussels? Bonus: Did you know that all mollusks can make pearls.
FACT #3: Did you know that when pearls are harvested from mollusks, the animals are not killed? They are actually able to be planted again to make more pearls.
FACT #4: Did you know that pearls get their color from the color that is inside the shell? For example, if the shell’s inside is purple, then the pearl will be purple. Pearls can come in colors like white, gold, purple and black.
FACT #5: Did you know that most to all pearls today are “cultured” or “cultivated” due to water pollution, tsunamis, etc. which made it almost impossible to leave oysters in the water to grow sizeable pearls.
What are some facts that you know about pearls? Share with us…
Purchase amazing pearls at: www.Pearlsonly.comHydrofracking is a safe/chemical-free method for increasing the flow of water deep below the ground. Injecting highly pressurized water into bedrock through an existing well can flush away fragments that have become lodged in bedrock fractures. The intent is to yield increased water flow and produce more productive water-bearing fractures supplying water to the well.
Hydrofracking has become a preferred method for increasing a well’s yield. Thus increasing the amount of water the well is capable of drawing over period of time. It’s not unusual for a bedrock well to see a drop in its water yield over time. Sometimes debris, such as rock and gravel, get moved by the water flowing through bedrock fissures deep below the ground. If this debris gets lodged in a fissure feeding the well, it can reduce the well’s yield and eventually result in an interruption in flow.
Hydrofracking can also be used on newly drilled wells with inadequate water yields for the home. By opening up existing fissures, hydrofracking can create ample flow for the new home.روسیه برای ارسال تسلیحات به تاجیکستان اعلام امادگی کرد
«آناتولی انتونف» معاون وزیر دفاع روسیه، با توجه به اوضاع امنیتی نابسامان افغانستان و به منظور جلوگیری از تاثیر مسائل این کشور بر تاجیکستان، آمادگی مسکو را برای ارسال تسلیحات و ادوات و تجهیزات نظامی به این کشور اعلام کرد.
وزارت دفاع روسیه، آنتونف روز چهارشنبه در دیدار با «شیرعلی میرزا» وزیر دفاع تاجیکستان گفت:
با توجه به تهدیدات ناشی از افغانستان روسیه با ارسال تسلیحات و تجهیزات نظامی حداکثر کمک ها را به ارتش تاجیکستان خواهد کرد.
معاون وزیر دفاع روسیه خاطرنشان کرد: تاجیکستان در توسعه همکاری های نظامی و فنی – نظامی (خارجی) روسیه در اولویت قرار دارد. بر این باوریم که هر قدر امنیت تاجیکستان را بهتر تامین کنیم، در واقع امنیت فدراسیون روسیه را تقویت می کنیم.
آنتونف همچنین گفت که پایگاه نظامی ۲۰۱ روسیه در تاجیکستان، تکیه گاه امنیت جمعی در منطقه است.
بر اساس اطلاعات رسانه های روسی، روسیه قصد دارد در آینده شمار نیروهای خود در پایگاه ۲۰۱ در تاجیکستان را کاهش دهد. روسیه و تاجیکستان عضو پیمان امنیت جمعی هستند که در چارچوب آن به همراه بلاروس، قزاقستان و ارمنستان به همکاری نظامی برای تقویت امنیت منطقه اوراسیا و آسیای مرکزی می پردازند.When you're talking about a knee infection, the bacterial pathogen responsible for the condition may penetrate almost any portion of the knee, including the joint, bursa, bone and even skin. This can cause a medical condition to develop that brings with it its own set of symptoms. Depending on the area of infections, symptoms will vary from person to person.
Other People Are Reading
Of all the infections that can plague the knee, bursitis is one of the more common. If bacteria penetrate one or more of the bursae, which are the pads located along the bones, tendons and muscles of the knee, the area can become inflamed, causing knee bursitis. With this type of infection, a person usually experiences some swelling, warmth, tenderness and pain. Each of these symptoms can make it quite difficult for a person to move or place pressure on the actual knee.
Another common infection of the knee is a condition known as septic arthritis. With this condition, a bacterial pathogen invades the joint of the knee, damaging its structure and causing inflammation. This often triggers the symptoms of knee warmth, swelling and pain, especially during times of physical exertion. The infection may also cause the symptom of a fever (between 37.7 to 38.3 degrees C) that is often accompanied by the chills.
When the infection invades the actual bones of the knee, it can cause the condition of osteomyelitis. Osteomyelitis is characterised by a deterioration of the bone caused by a bacterium or fungus that forms an abscess. This abscess eventually creates an obstruction in the supply of blood to the affected bone. As this occurs, most people begin to display symptoms of the condition, including a flushing and swelling to the skin above the infected bone, tenderness and pain within this same area and even some fatigue and irritability within the sufferer.
Not only do infections plague the actual structure of the knee, they can also affect the skin in this same area of the body. This type of bacterial infection is known as cellulitis, which is usually caused by the streptococcus or staphylococcus bacterium. As this infection sets in, the skin becomes warm, flushed, swollen and tender. If left untreated, it can spread into the underlying tissue and eventually invade the bloodstream.
To remedy almost any of the symptoms you are experiencing due to a knee infection, you must first treat the condition. With all of these conditions, the initial course of treatment includes an antibiotic medication to kill the bacteria affecting the joint, bursa, bone or skin. From there, corticosteroids may be used to lessen inflammation and swelling, the area may need draining of any fluids that have accumulated due to the infection or an actual surgical procedure may need to be performed to fix any damage that has occurred or remove an diseased tissue or bone.
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یکی از مسائل درس هوش مصنوعی مسئله کشیش ها و آدمخوارها هست که بازی آن نیز ساخته شده است.
معمای کشیشها و آدمخوارها (Missionaries and cannibals problem) یک مسئله کلاسیک در هوش مصنوعی است. این مسئله نمونهای از مسائل ارضای محدودیت میباشد. سه کشیش و سه آدمخوار در یک طرف رودخانه قرار دارند و هم چنین قایقی که قادر است یک یا دو نفر را حمل کند. راهی را بیابید که همه را به سمت دیگر رودخانه ببرد، بدون آنکه تعداد کشیشها در یکجا کمتر از آدمخوارها شود.
حل معما به روش اول:
۱- دو آدم خوار را با قایق به سمت چپ آورده و یکی را پیاده می کنیم و با یکی دیگر قایق را به سمت راست می آوریم.
۲- یک آدم خوار دیگر را هم می بریم و در طرف راست آدم خواری دیگر نمی ماند! باز هم با یکی از آدم خوار ها با قایق به راست برمی گردیم.
۳- آدم خوار را گذاشته و دو کشیک را سوار می کنیم به طرف چپ می بریم و یکی را پیاده کرده و با یک آدم خوار و یک کشیک به سمت راست راه می افتیم.
۴- آدم خوار سواره را پیاده می کنیم و کشیش آخری را سوار می کنیم و به سمت چپ می رویم. حال همه کشیش ها را آورده ایم و در سمت چپ سه کشیش داریم و با خیال راحت آدم خوارها را به سمت چپ می بریم. یعنی وقتی سه کشیش در سمت چپ مستفر شدند با یک آدم خوار مانده کشتی را به سمت راست می بریم و دوبار این عمل را انجام داده و همه آدم خوار ها را هم از رودخانه عبور می دهیم.
روش دوم:
۱- ابتدا یک آدمخوار با یک کشیش به طرف دیگر میروند.
۲- سپس آدمخوار پیاده شده و کشیش برمی گردد.
۳- دو آدمخوار به سمت دیگر میروند.
۴- یک آدمخوار پیاده شده و یکی بر میگردد.
۵- دو کشیش به سمت دیگر میروند
۶- یک کشیش پیاده شده و یک آدمخوار و یک کشیش بر میگردند
۷- دو کشیش به سمت دیگر میروند
۸- هر دو کشیش پیاده شده و یک آدمخوار بر میگردد
۹- دو آدمخوار به سمت دیگر میروند.
۱۰- یک آدمخوار پیاده شده و یکی بر میگردد.
۱۱- دو آدمخوار به سمت دیگر میروند.
سورس کد بازی کشیش و زامبی :
در سورس کد بازی کشیش و زامبی با ساده ترین کدها سعی شده است شما را با روش حل این مساله آشنا کنیم، سورس این پروژه با زبان c++ نوشته شده و با استفاده از stack به ساده ترین روش پیاده سازی شده است.Basın ayakkabıları: bu ev ilaçları ile yumuşarlar
içerik
- Ayakkabı basmak için ev ilaçları
- sirke
- patates
- Saç kurutma makinesi ve çorap
- dondurucu torbası
- gazete kâğıdı
- ruh
- masaj
Ayakkabıları cehennemle bastırıyor ve giymek saf işkence oluyor ">
Ayakkabılar itildiğinde, her metre rahatsız edici bir zorlanma haline gelir. Sadece sıkmakla kalmaz, aynı zamanda daha acı verici ve tedavi edilmesi gereken kabarcıklara da neden olurlar. Bu acıdan kaçmak için ayakkabılarınızı tekrar giyilebilir hale getirebileceğiniz çok sayıda ev ilaçları mevcuttur. Bunların en büyük avantajı uygunluktur, çünkü pahalı esnek spreye veya kunduracının servisine ihtiyaç duymazsınız. Tüm araçların kullanımı kolaydır ve doğru uygulamaya izin vermeyen yumuşak ve rahat bir ayakkabı. Buna ek olarak, onlar ucuz ve birçok durumda size ücretsiz olarak geliyor.
Ev ilaçları hangi malzemeler için uygundur?
Bütün ayakkabılar genişletilemez. Kendi içinde, malzemenin yapısı için sunduğu gibi sadece hakiki deri genişletilebilir ve daha yumuşak yapılabilir. Ev ilaçları ile doğal veya sentetik kökenli veya suni deri gibi tekstilleri yumuşatabilirsiniz. Ev ilaçları geri dönüşü olmayan bir şekilde bu malzemelerden yapılmış ayakkabılara zarar verir. Kumaş ayakkabılar için, onları yıkamak ve düzgün bir şekilde kurutmak için yardımcı olurken suni deri ayakkabılarda rahatlığı artırmak için ped veya jel ped kullanmanız gerekir. Bununla birlikte, aşağıda sunulan araçlar, kadifeden nubuktan şık deriye kadar her deri için mükemmeldir ve hiçbir ayakkabı ağacına ihtiyaç duyulmaz.
İpucu: Alternatif olarak, ilk giyildiğinde zaten rahatsızlık duyuyorsa, baskıcı ayakkabıların yeni bir genişlikte satın alınması önerilir. Burada, genişlik için H genişliği ve çok geniş ayaklar için K genişliği.
Ayakkabı basmak için ev ilaçları
sirke
Çok amaçlı ev tipi deterjan sirke, sadece yemek pişirmek ve temizlemek için kullanılamaz, aynı zamanda ayakkabıları yumuşatmak için de idealdir. Sirkede bulunan asit derinin derisine etki eder ve tekrar esnek olmasını sağlar. Herhangi bir süpermarkette satın alabileceğiniz klasik bir sirke özü kullanmak en iyisidir. Bunun avantajı, koku ve renk. Bu renksiz bir sirke olduğundan, ayakkabıların rengi solmaz ve koku malzemeden oldukça hızlı bir şekilde çıkar. Sirkeyi kullanırken aşağıdakileri yapın:
Adım 1: Temiz bir sprey şişesi alın ve suyla dolu hale getirin. Sprey şişesinin büyük olması gerekmez, burada 250 ml bile yeterlidir. Şimdi gerisini sirke ile doldurun ve iyice çalkalayın, böylece sirke çözeltisi iyi uygulanabilir.
Adım 2: Sadece bir veya bütün ayakkabıların bastırıldığına bağlı olarak, solüsyon farklı şekilde uygulanmalıdır. Sadece bir noktaya ihtiyacınız varsa, solüsyonu pamuklu bir pedin üzerine püskürtün ve sirkeyi deriye masaj yapın. Ayakkabının tamamını yumuşatmak istiyorsanız, üst kısmı tamamen içeriden püskürtün.
Adım 3: Bir süre ayakkabılı çorap giy. Sirke çabuk kuruduğundan, hemen yapmalısınız. Deriyi germek ve yumuşatmak için ayakkabılarla birlikte hareket edin. Kısa bir süre sonra, deri istenen genişlikte kalır ve tekrar ayağın üzerinde esnek bir his verir.
patates
Patates ve sirke baskıcı ayakkabıları yumuşatmak için çok uygundur. İçerdiği nem deri tarafından hızlı bir şekilde emilir ve böylece basınç noktalarını azaltabilir, patateslerdeki nişasta ise malzemeyi yumuşak ve esnek hale getirir. Tek ihtiyacınız olan bir patates, gazete ve aşağıdaki talimatlar:
Adım 1: Ayakkabıya uyan bir patates seç ve bir bıçakla yarıya indir.
Adım 2: Şimdi iki yarısını ayakkabının içindeki itici parçalara itin. Çoğu durumda, bunun için büyük bir patates yeterlidir, ancak ayakkabının tamamını esnek yapmak istiyorsanız, daha fazla patates kullanmanız gerekebilir. Patates miktarı ayakkabının boyutuna ve tarzına göre değişir, bu yüzden botların loafer'lardan daha fazla patates alması gerekir.
Adım 3: Patatesleri içindeki ayakkabıya bastırdıktan sonra, ayakkabısını gazete ile doldurun. Sonuç olarak, patatesler kaymaz.
Adım 4: Ayakkabıların gece boyunca çalışmasına izin verin. Ardından içindekileri ayakkabıdan çıkarın ve şekli ayaklarınıza göre ayarlamak için kısa bir süre giyin.
Saç kurutma makinesi ve çorap
Sadece nem değil, ayakkabıların tedavisidir. Bir
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属于入门级别红酒，奔富bin389、奔富bin407属于中端产品，奔富圣亨利设拉子、马格尔庄园设拉子属于高端产品。
奔富红酒是哪个国家的
奔富红酒是澳大利亚的品牌，其酒庄位于澳大利亚南部的巴罗萨产区，由克里斯多夫·奔富夫妇于1844年创立，初期以酿造药酒、加强型葡萄酒为主，后期不断创新酿造工艺，酿成了独具特色的葡萄酒，受到了大众的热烈欢迎。
奔富红酒等级区分
奔富红酒的第一档是super premium系列，包括Grange、RWT、Bin707，属于奔富的高端产品，第二档是bin系列葡萄酒，属于中档产品，常见的有bin389、bin138、bin2等，第三档是洛神山庄、寇兰山等，属于入门级别产品，第四档为加度酒，也就是加强型葡萄酒。
以上就是烟酒行小编为大家讲解的奔富红酒有几个系列价格的相关内容，希望对大家有所帮助。了解更多香烟白酒相关资讯内容，请关注烟酒行网站。小编温馨提示：过度饮酒，有害健康，孕妇和儿童不宜饮酒。
奔富哪个系列最贵
如要问澳大利亚酒王是谁，那必定非奔富葛兰许莫属。但要说到价格，如果澳大利亚最贵的酒款却并不是它。在以酒款风格多样见长的澳大利亚，究竟最昂贵的酒款花落谁家呢？
今年7月，澳大利亚葡萄酒协会发布了2022年份报告，报告显示，这一年份的葡萄酒质量普遍不错，在东南澳大部分地区春夏两季遭遇强降雨后还有这么好的表现很不容易。
今年的WS（Wine-Searcher）发布的澳大利亚最贵葡萄酒榜单可以用两个词来概括:西拉和巴罗萨，当然，排在榜首的，是一批绝对的黑马！
TOP 10 Penfolds Bin 707 Cabernet Sauvignon, South Australia
奔富Bin 707赤霞珠
产区：南澳
WS平均得分：94
国际税前均价：407$
奔富Bin 707，澳洲奔富红酒的代表作，对于上班族来说，一瓶红酒动辄几千元，是可望不可即的，但在收藏家眼中，透过价格，奔富707却有着别样的精彩。
奔富Bin 707是具有优质的品质及极佳的陈年潜力的红酒，被人们誉为“上等波尔多”，至今稳居澳洲最佳赤霞珠榜单之首，以享誉全球的波音707飞机来命名。2006年份酒和2008年份酒曾获得“国际葡萄酒与烈酒大赛”银质奖牌，还被称为“最佳经典葡萄酒”。
TOP 9 Chris Ringland Hoffman Vineyard Shiraz, Barossa Valley
克里斯瑞兰德酒庄霍夫曼园西拉
产区：巴罗萨谷
WS平均得分：94
国际税前均价：448$
克里斯林兰虽然成立时间不长，但是当之无愧的澳洲膜拜级酒庄。酿酒师克里斯林兰从12岁便开始酿酒，罗伯特·帕克称他是“西拉的国际特级大师”，曾给他的作品打了5个满分。克里斯林兰在衰退的老藤上重新嫁接以保留住古老的根系，同时完全尊重自然不做过多干预，这些管理智慧都让酒庄作品极受欢迎。
TOP 8 Powell & Son Steinert Flaxman’s Shiraz, Barossa Valley
鲍威尔父子弗雷曼山谷西拉
产区：巴罗萨谷
WS平均得分：95
国际税前均价：464$
酒庄的创始人曾经是位亿万富翁，2013年因为破产被迫离开Toebrec他并没有一蹶不振，转身2014年开始创立自己的新品牌Powell and son, 带着儿子在巴罗萨谷东山再起。父子俩完美诠释了什么叫“只要是金子就总会发光”：短短几年就有8款酒获得了Wine Advocate 97分以上的高分，其中一款更是获得了99分的超高评价！迅速成为这几年的巴罗萨最耀眼的星。
他家的这两个最高端款分别选自两块单一园，百年老藤再加上在the Laird同款顶级法桶陈酿超过18个月，其不菲的成本也完完全全体现在了高昂的价格上。目前，酒庄也在蓬勃发展中。
TOP 7 Powell & Son Kraehe Marananga Shiraz, Barossa Valley
鲍威尔父子凯尔西拉
产区：巴罗萨谷
WS平均得分：96
国际税前均价：543$
鲍威尔父子的第二个上榜酒款。他的葡萄都来自年龄超过165岁的超级老藤，产量极低，然而老藤发达的根系赋予了葡萄极其收缩的风味和厚重绵柔的单宁品质，以及随之而来的陈年能力。
常言道：摘下来的葡萄是水果，而压榨发酵后的葡萄汁就有了灵魂，而赋予“流动红色宝石”灵魂的人，便是酿酒师。酒如其人，鲍威尔个性直率，热情，对于外表虚华不屑一顾，所以酒瓶贴标也是如此直接精简。而瓶中所盛佳酿，则是奔放、细腻，收尾悠长。
TOP 6 Penfold’s Grange Bin 95, Australia
奔富葛兰许BIN 95
产区：澳大利亚
WS平均得分：96
国际税前均价：698$
毋庸置疑，奔富是澳大利亚最大的葡萄酒庄，而且也是澳大利亚最著名的葡萄酒庄。葛兰许是奔富品牌常规款的顶级系列之一，编号“BIN 95”，于1951年推出第一个年份，使用多个葡萄园的西拉跨区域酿造（视年份可能加入少量赤霞珠），随后放入全新的美国橡木桶陈年18个月左右。
TOP 5 Torbreck The Laird, Barossa Valley
托布雷领主
产区：巴罗萨谷
WS平均得分：96
国际税前均价：644$
托布雷酒庄虽历史很短，却在澳大利亚最神圣的葡萄酒产区——巴罗萨谷拥有一些最古老的葡萄园，是著名酒评家James Halliday钦点的双红五星酒庄，酿造的葡萄酒因高品质与低产量令众多爱好者奉为终极目标。
作为酒庄的顶级酒款之一，托布雷领主不仅酿自珍稀的老藤西拉，在理想的年份才会生产，并且上市前还需要经历3年的橡木桶中陈酿和2年的瓶中陈年，可谓耗足了心血。
TOP 4 Chris Ringland Dry Grown Shiraz, Barossa Valley
克里斯瑞兰德西拉
产区：巴罗萨谷
WS平均得分：92
国际税前均价：686$
克里斯瑞兰德第二个上榜酒款，也是酒庄的代表酒款。由于使用的是拥有 100 年历史的老藤西拉且 Chris Ringland Three Rivers Dry-Grown Shiraz 的产量非常低，每年产量不过 100 多箱，也被誉为是澳洲最难买到的西拉葡萄酒之一。
著名酒评家罗伯特 · 帕克也非常赞誉这支酒，给1998、 2001、 2002、 2004 年份都打了满分，拜帕克所赐，这款酒也成功登上了澳洲膜拜酒的神坛。
帕克这样评论道：”这款酒无可争议的是澳洲最好的西拉葡萄酒，回味的时间非常地长，是一瓶可以保存 30 – 50 年的好酒。”
TOP 3 Henschke Hill of Grace Shiraz, Eden Valley
翰斯科神恩山西拉
产区：伊甸谷
WS平均得分：96
国际税前均价：698$
澳洲葡萄酒三剑客之一，如果你在澳洲，问地道的澳洲人，还有什么红酒可以与奔富葛兰许分庭抗礼，那么答案一定是翰斯科神恩山。
翰斯科是南澳最早成立的酒庄之一，历史甚至可以追溯到1800 年。这款酒的2010年份受到了多个酒评家的好评：Wine Advocate，James Suckling，James Halliday都给出了99分的高分评价。
TOP 2 God’s Hill Menzel Shiraz, Barossa Valley
神山酒庄门泽尔西拉
产区：巴罗萨谷
WS平均得分：91
国际税前均价：747$
神山酒庄是巴罗萨谷产区的知名酒庄之一，隶属斯卡齐家族。这个家族企业一直专注于生产小批量的精品葡萄酒，所有葡萄酒的酿酒葡萄都来自自有的葡萄园。以葡萄园主人名字命名的这款门泽尔西拉干红是酒庄的旗舰酒款，其 2008 年份曾获得 2012 年国际葡萄酒大赛和醇鉴世界葡萄酒大赛铜奖。
这款酒主要在酒庄售卖，很少合作代理商。所以国际均价也主要由酒庄自己的报价组成——显然，这种营销手段确实提升了酒庄的地位和话题性。
TOP 1 Bass Phillip Reserve Pinot Noir, Gippsland
贝思菲利普珍藏黑皮诺
产区：吉普史地
WS平均得分：96
国际税前均价：900$
世界著名葡萄酒评论家罗伯特·帕克给出这样的评价：“把贝思菲利普评为世界最佳的黑皮诺绝对没问题，它表现出勃艮第的质感！”贝思菲利普酒庄代表了澳大利亚顶尖黑皮诺的水准，毫无疑问，法国最好的黑皮诺是罗曼尼康帝，而澳大利亚最好的黑皮诺就在贝思菲利普酒庄。罗曼尼康帝我们有钱也未必买得到，但有幸我们还可以喝到澳大利亚最好的贝思菲利普黑皮诺！
贝思菲利普珍藏黑皮诺第一次登上了澳大利亚最昂贵葡萄酒的榜首。自2016年以来，它一直在前十名徘徊，它是唯一一个凉爽气候的品种，也是唯一一个不是来自南澳的葡萄酒。这也是第一款被澳大利亚酒评家詹姆斯·哈利迪评为99分的葡萄酒，被誉为“澳大利亚首屈一指的黑皮诺”。Bir blog başlatmayı planlıyor olun ya da bir süredir içerik üretiyor olun, promosyon, güzel hazırlanmış kelimelerinize daha fazla göz atmanın anahtarıdır.
Bu neden önemli? Blogunuz ana çabanız veya sadece bir parçası olabilir. Her iki durumda da, bloglama belirli bir alanda uzmanlığınızı oluşturmak, SEO ile web sitenize daha fazla trafik çekmek ve diğer birçok olumlu nedenin yanı sıra kitlenizle etkileşim kurmak için bir araçtır.
Blog dünyasında yeniyseniz, bir adım geri dönün ve bir blogun nasıl başlatılacağı hakkındaki bu tam kılavuzu okuyun ve blog yazılarınızı yazmaya başlayabilirsiniz . Bunu yaparken, zaten var olan sayısız blog arasında öne çıkmak istiyorsanız, görüntülerin ve metnin bu günlerde yeterli olmadığını unutmayın.
Blogunuzun fark edilmesini sağlamak, sosyal medyada ve diğer reklam yayınlarında aktif olmayı, içeriğinizi kitlenizin ihtiyaçlarını karşılayacak şekilde değiştirmeyi ve SEO için en iyi stratejileri öğrenmeyi içerir. Aşağıda, blogunuzu nasıl tanıtacağınızla ilgili 25 benzersiz ve şiddetle tavsiye edilen ipucunu inceleyeceğiz:
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En popüler sosyal kanallara dönün
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Benzer düşünen topluluklarla paylaşın
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Diğer blog oluşturma kaynaklarının gücünü kullanın
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Vlog ile çabalarınızı birleştirin
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Etkileyicilerle etkileşime geçin
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Bir üye alanı oluşturun
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Google’da reklam verin
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Haftalık bir bülten oluşturun
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E-posta imzanıza bir bağlantı ekleyin
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Diğer bloglar için misafir yazma
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Etkinliklerde konuşun
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Sosyal paylaşım düğmeleri ekle
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Güçlü CTA’lar ekleyin
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İnfografikler ve grafikler gibi harika görseller oluşturun
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Karışık ortam kullanın
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Bir e-kitap yazın
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Meta etiketlerinizi optimize edin
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Alternatif metin yazma
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Rakiplerden öğrenin
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Geri bağlantı kazanın
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Dahili bağlantılara serpin
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Blogunuza şema işaretlemesi ekleyin
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AMP özelliklerini etkinleştir
Sosyal medyada aktif olun
01. En popüler sosyal kanallara dön
2020 yaşında sosyal medya varlığı olmayan markanız, SpongeBob SquarePants’dan Patrick’in hayatına benziyor : temelde bir kayanın altında yaşıyorsunuz. Blogunuzu farketmek istiyorsanız, sosyal medya paylaşımlarınızı paylaşmak için en çok tavsiye edilen yerdir.Önce en popüler platformlara dönün , blogunuzu Facebook’ta tanıtmaya başlamanızı öneririz . Instagram, Twitter ve LinkedIn de mükemmel seçeneklerdir. Bu eksiksiz sosyal medya pazarlama rehberi , her birinin ins ve çıkışlarında size yol gösterecektir.
Bu platformlarda, blogunuzu tanıtmanın en yaygın yolu, blog makalenize bir bağlantı ve okuyucunuzu tıklamanıza ikna eden kısa bir açıklama içeren bir sosyal medya yayını oluşturmaktır. Ayrıca Instagram Hikayeleri , Facebook Reklamları ve diğer ücretli promosyonlar gibi daha benzersiz seçeneklerin de sizin için değerli olduğunu görebilirsiniz .
02. Benzer düşünen topluluklarla paylaşın
Facebook grupları, forumlar ve LinkedIn grupları, belirli bir konuyla ilgilenen belirli bir kitleye ulaşmak için mükemmel yerlerdir. Sizin için alakalı bir topluluk bulduğunuzda, kaliteli okuyucuları hedefleme ve kimseye spam göndermediğinizden emin olma şansınız daha yüksektir. Bu rotayı seçerseniz, az mesaj gönderin, başkalarının yayınlarıyla etkileşime geçin ve paylaşılan içeriğinizin, yayınlarınızı tanıtmak için kişiselleştirilmiş bir yöntemle değer sağladığından emin olun. Her zaman net bir niyet olmadan grupta yayın yapan o kişi olmak isteme
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Oakland, California and Seattle, Washington. The port is also the regional transhipment hub for over 500,000 customers throughout the Micronesian region. The port is the shipping and receiving point for containers designated for the island's U.S. Department of Defense installations, Andersen Air Force Base and Commander, Naval Forces Marianas and eventually the Third Marine Expeditionary Force.
Guam is served by the Antonio B. Won Pat International Airport, which is a hub for United Airlines. The island is outside the United States customs zone, so Guam is responsible for establishing and operating its own customs and quarantine agency and jurisdiction. Therefore, the U.S. Customs and Border Protection only carries immigration (but not customs) functions. Since Guam is under federal immigration jurisdiction, passengers arriving directly from the United States skip immigration and proceed directly to Guam Customs and Quarantine.
However, due to the Guam and CNMI visa waiver program for certain countries, an eligibility pre-clearance check is carried on Guam for flights to the States. For travel from the Northern Mariana Islands to Guam, a pre-flight passport and visa check is performed before boarding the flight to Guam. On flights from Guam to the Northern Mariana Islands, no immigration check is performed. Traveling between Guam and the States through a foreign point, however, does require a passport.
Most residents travel within Guam using personally owned vehicles. The local government currently outsources the only public bus system (Guam Regional Transit Authority), and some commercial companies operate buses between tourist-frequented locations.
Believed to be a stowaway on a U.S. military transport near the end of World War II, the brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis) was accidentally introduced to Guam, which previously had no native species of snake. It nearly eliminated the native bird population. The problem was exacerbated because the snake has no natural predators on the island. The brown tree snake, known locally as the kulebla, is native to northern and eastern coasts of Australia, Papua New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands. It is slightly venomous, but relatively harmless to human beings; it is nocturnal. Although some studies have suggested a high density of these serpents on Guam, residents rarely see them. The United States Department of Agriculture has trained detector dogs to keep the snakes out of the island's cargo flow. The United States Geological Survey also has dogs that can detect snakes in forested environments around the region's islands.
Before the introduction of the brown tree snake, Guam was home to several endemic bird species. Among them were the Guam rail (or ko'ko bird in Chamorro) and the Guam flycatcher, both common throughout the island. Today the flycatcher is entirely extinct and the Guam rail is extinct in the wild but bred in captivity by the Division of Aquatic and Wildlife Resources. The devastation caused by the snake has been significant over the past several decades. As many as twelve bird species are believed to have been driven to extinction. According to many elders, ko'ko' birds were common in Guam before World War II.
Other bird species threatened by the brown tree snake include the Mariana crow, the Mariana swiftlet, and the Micronesian starling, though populations are present on other islands, including Rota.
Guam is said to have many more insects and 40 times more spiders than neighboring islands, because their natural predators birds are severely diminished, and the forests are almost completely silent due to lack of birdsong.
An infestation of the coconut rhinoceros beetle (CRB), Oryctes rhinoceros, was detected on Guam on September 12, 2007. CRB is not known to occur in the United States except in American Samoa. Delimiting surveys performed September 13–25, 2007, indicated that the infestation was limited to Tumon Bay and Faifai Beach, an area of approximately 900acres. Guam Department of Agriculture (GDA) placed quarantine on all properties within the Tumon area on October 5 and later expanded the quarantine to about 2500acres on October 25; approximately 0.5miles radius in all directions from all known locations of CRB infestation. CRB is native to Southern Asia and distributed throughout Asia and the Western Pacific including Sri Lanka, Upolu, Samoa, American Samoa, Palau, New Britain, West Irian, New Ireland, Pak Island and Manus Island (New Guinea), Fiji, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Mauritius, and Reunion.
From the seventeenth through nineteenth centuries, the Spanish introduced pigs, dogs, chickens, the Philippine deer (Rusa mariannus), black francolins, and carabao (a subspecies of water buffalo), which have cultural significance. Herds of carabao obstruct military base operations and harm native ecosystems. After birth control and adoption efforts were ineffective, the U.S. military began culling the herds in 2002 leading to organized protests from island residents.
Other introduced species include cane toads imported in 1937, the giant African snail (an agricultural pest introduced during World War II by Japanese occupation troops) and more recently frog species which could threaten crops in addition to providing additional food for the brown tree snake population. Reports of loud chirping frogs native to Puerto Rico and known as coquí, that may have arrived from Hawaii, have led to fears that the noise could threaten Guam's tourism.
Guam has no native amphibian species, but now a total of eight amphibian species has been established in Guam. Litoria fallax (native to the eastern coast of Australia) has been present in Guam since 1968, and Rhinella marina (the cane toad) was brought to the island in 1937. The other 6 amphibian species, namely Hylarana guentheri (native to mainland Asia), Microhyla pulchra (native to mainland Asia), Polypedates braueri (endemic to Taiwan), Eleutherodactylus planirostris (native to the Caribbean), Fejervarya cancrivora (the Guam variety being most closely related to F. cancrivora found in Taiwan), and Fejervarya limnocharis (native to Southeast Asia), have been in Guam since 2003. Many species were likely inadvertently introduced via shipping cargo, especially from Taiwan, mainland China, and Southeast Asia.
Introduced feral pigs and deer, over-hunting, and habitat loss from human development are also major factors in the decline and loss of Guam's native plants and animals.
Invading animal species are not the only threat to Guam's native flora. Tinangaja, a virus affecting coconut palms, was first observed on the island in 1917 when copra production was still a major part of Guam's economy. Though coconut plantations no longer exist on the island, the dead and infected trees that have resulted from the epidemic are seen throughout the forests of Guam.
During the past century, the dense forests of northern Guam have been largely replaced by thick tangan-tangan brush (Leucaena leucocephala). Much of Guam's foliage was lost during World War II. In 1947, the U.S. military is thought to have planted tangan-tangan by seeding the island from the air to prevent erosion. Tangan-tangan was present on the island before 1905.
In southern Guam, non-native grass species dominate much of the landscape. Although the colorful and impressive flame tree (Delonix regia) is found throughout the Marianas, the tree on Guam has been largely decimated.
Wildfires plague the forested areas of Guam every dry season despite the island's humid climate. Most fires are caused by humans with 80% resulting from arson. Poachers often start fires to attract deer to the new growth. Invasive grass species that rely on fire as part of their natural life cycle grow in many regularly burned areas. Grasslands and "barrens" have replaced previously forested areas leading to greater soil erosion. During the rainy season, sediment is carried by the heavy rains into the Fena Lake Reservoir and Ugum River, leading to water quality problems for southern Guam. Eroded silt also destroys the marine life in reefs around the island. Soil stabilization efforts by volunteers and forestry workers (planting trees) have had little success in preserving natural habitats.
Efforts have been made to protect Guam's coral reef habitats from pollution, eroded silt and overfishing, problems that have led to decreased fish populations. This has both ecological and economic value, as Guam is a significant vacation spot for scuba divers. In recent years, the Department of Agriculture, Division of Aquatic and Wildlife Resources has established several new marine preserves where fish populations are monitored by biologists. Before adopting U.S. Environmental Protection Agency standards, portions of Tumon Bay were dredged by the hotel chains to provide a better experience for hotel guests. Tumon Bay has since been made into a preserve. A federal Guam National Wildlife Refuge in northern Guam protects the decimated sea turtle population in addition to a small colony of Mariana fruit bats.
Harvest of sea turtle eggs was a common occurrence on Guam before World War II. The green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) was harvested legally on Guam before August 1978, when it was listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act. The hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) has been on the endangered list since 1970. In an effort to ensure protection of sea turtles on Guam, routine sightings are counted during aerial surveys and nest sites are recorded and monitored for hatchlings.
The University of Guam (UOG) and Guam Community College, both fully accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges, offer courses in higher education. UOG is a member of the exclusive group of only 76 land-grant institutions in the entire United States. Pacific Islands University is a small Christian liberal arts institution nationally accredited by the Transnational Association of Christian Colleges and Schools. They offer courses at both the undergraduate and graduate levels.
See also: List of schools in Guam. The Guam Department of Education serves the entire island of Guam. In 2000, 32,000 students attended Guam's public schools. Guam Public Schools have struggled with problems such as high dropout rates and poor test scores. Guam's educational system has always faced unique challenges as a small community located 6000miles from the U.S. mainland with a very diverse student body including many students who come from backgrounds without traditional American education. An economic downturn in Guam since the mid-1990s has compounded the problems in schools.
Before September 1997, the U.S. Department of Defense partnered with Guam Board of Education. In September 1997, the DoDEA opened its own schools for children of military personnel. DoDEA schools, which also serve children of some federal civilian employees, had an attendance of 2,500 in 2000. DoDEA Guam operates three elementary/middle schools and one high school.
The Government of Guam maintains the island's main health care facility, Guam Memorial Hospital, in Tamuning. U.S. board certified doctors and dentists practice in all specialties. In addition, the U.S. Naval Hospital in Agana Heights serves active-duty members and dependents of the military community. There is one subscriber-based air ambulance located on the island, CareJet, which provides emergency patient transportation across Guam and surrounding islands. A private hospital, the Guam Regional Medical City opened its doors in early 2016.
Over the years, a number of films have been shot on Guam, including Shiro's Head (directed by the Muna brothers) and the government-funded (2004). Although set on Guam, No Man Is an Island (1962) was not shot there, but in the Republic of the Philippines.打印
一名将假炸弹挂在一个十几岁女孩脖子上的澳大利亚籍逃犯，决定从美国返回澳大利亚受审。保罗.彼得斯星期三将在美国肯塔基州出庭，预计他会宣布上述决定。他的律师拒绝评论为什么这位澳大利亚公民决定接受引渡。美国官员说，澳大利亚警方将在彼得斯在肯塔基州出庭后将他带回澳大利亚的新南威尔士州受审。penceresinden a) kod sıkıştırmasının isminin kesilmesine izin verir (yani anonim işlev içinde tek harfli bir değişken adıyla değiştirilir) ve b) değişkenin değişkenlere başvurmasını sağlar. jQuery yüklendikten sonra global kapsamdaki herkes window yeniden tanımlanırsa, kütüphane tanımlandığında pencere nesnesi tanımlanır.
undefined dahil olmak üzere undefined argümanı (ancak bir değerden geçmemekle birlikte), undefined için aynı şeyi yapar, değişken mashing'e izin verir ve undefined değişkeni yeniden tanımlandı (yup, Javascript buna izin veriyor).
Her iki durumda da bu durumun değişkenlere yapılan referansları hızlandırması gerektiğine inanıyorum, çünkü hem global değişkenleri hem fonksiyon kapsamı içinde hem de global kapsamda aramadan önce araştıracak olan arama fonksiyonunda bulabilirsiniz. Ama dürüstçe, buradaki performans farkının önemli olduğunu hayal edemiyorum - en büyük sorunun, küçültüldüğünde daha küçük kodlar üreten değişken isim mashing olduğunu düşünüyorum.Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer and the second most common cause of death from cancer in Canada. It is a highly treatable cancer if it is detected early. Yet, half the people diagnosed will find out too late and most people don't even bother to get tested.
Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in Canada, with the incidence of colorectal cancer in Ontario one of the highest globally. Sobering statistics. What can you do to reduce your risk?ABD Merkezi Haberalma Teşkilatı'nın (CIA) 'gelişmiş sorgulama tekniklerini' tasarlamak ve uygulamaktan sorumlu sözleşmeli psikologlar Guantanamo Körfezi'ndeki askeri mahkemede tanık olarak ifade vermeye başladı.
New York Times gazetesinin haberine göre 11 Eylül Davası'nın Salı günü görülen ön duruşmasında pişmanlık sergilemeyen psikolog James Mitchell, saldırıların kurbanları için ifade verdiğini söyleyerek, "Bugün olsa yine yapardım" dedi.
2 bin 977 kişinin hayatını kaybettiği 11 Eylül saldırılarının ardından eski ABD Başkanı George W. Bush tarafından kurulan Guantanamo Hapishanesi'nde tutulan 5 sanık da mahkemede hazır bulundu.
Mitchell ve meslektaşı Bruce Jessen'nin mimarı oldukları işkence yöntemleri arasında su altında tutarak havasız bırakma, küçük kutulara koyma, uykusuz bırakma da bulunuyor.
Yargılananlar arasında 2001 yılında New York, Washington ve Pennsylvania'da ki saldırıların mimarı olmakla suçlanan Halid Şeyh Muhammed de var.
Pakistanlı bir radikal İslamcı olan Muhammed, Küba'daki Guantanamo Hapishanesi'nde işkence gördüğünü söylemişti. CIA belgeleri de Muhammed'in boğulma etkisi yaratan bir işkence türünden 183 kez geçirildiğini doğrulamıştı.
Mahkemeye çıkarılan diğer 4 sanık, Velid bin Attaş, Remzi bin el Şibh, Ammar el Beluşi ve Mustafa el Havsavi'nin de ABD'ye götürülmeden önce farklı ülkelerdeki 'siyah alan' denilen yerlede CIA tarafından sorgulandıkları biliniyor.
New York Times'ın haberine göre, 11 Eylül saldırılarının kurbanlarının aileleri de mahkeme salonunda bir perdenin arkasından, gözlerden uzak bir şekilde duruşmayı izledi.
Gazetenin haberine göre psikolog Mitchell tanık olarak verdiği ifadede, pişmanlık duymadığını söyledi ve gözleri dolu bir şekilde Amerikan halkı için bunları yaptığını ifade etti.
Mitchell, "Amerikalıları korumak olan ahlâki görevimin, bize karşı gönüllü bir şekilde silaha sarılan teröristlerin yaşadığı rahatsızlıktan üstün geldiğini düşünüyorum" dedi.
Mitchell sanıklara ithafen, "Siz yıllardır bana ve Doktor Jessen'e karşı gerçek olmayan ve kötü niyetli şeyler söylüyorsunuz" ifadelerini de kullandı.
Gazetecilere göre sanıklar herhangi bir duygu belirtisi göstermeden ifadeleri dinledi.
Söz konusu 5 sanık aralarında 'terörizm' ve '3 bine yakın cinayet'in de olduğu savaş suçlarıyla yargılanacaklar. Suçlu bulunmaları halinde ölüm cezası ile karşı karşıya kalabilirler.
Mitchell, basınçlı su ile sorgulama ile diğer 'zorlayıcı fiziksel baskı' yöntemlerinin El Kaide'nin ABD'ye bir nükleer saldırı ya da başka bir uçağa daha saldırı düzenleyeceği korkusunun hakim olduğu bir ortamda geliştirildiğini kaydetti.
Sanıkların askeri mahkemede yargılanmasına 11 Ocak 2021'de başlanacak.
Mitchell ve Jessen'in tanıklık yapmaları El Beluşi'nin avukatları tarafından talep edildi, ancak kendilerine savunma avukatlarının tümü tarafından sorular yöneltilmesi bekleniyor.
Sanıkların işkence gördüğü merkezler arasında şu an CIA Direktörü olan Gina Haspel'in bir zamanlar yönetiminde bulunan Tayland'daki 'siyah alan' da bulunuyor.
11 Eylül saldırıları nasıl gerçekleştirildi?
11 Eylül 2001'de toplam 19 hava korsanı aşağı yukarı aynı saatlerde kalkış yapan dört yolcu uçağını kaçırdı.
Bu uçaklardan biri New York'taki Dünya Ticaret Merkezi'nin kuzey kulesine, bir diğeri ise güney kulesine çarptı.
Uçakların çarpmasının ardından kulelerde yangın çıktı ve yaklaşık iki saat sonra her iki kule de geride 1,8 milyon ton enkaz bırakarak yıkıldı.
İkinci uçağın da kuleye çarpmasından kısa bir süre sonra açıklama yapan dönemin ABD Başkanı George W. Bush, olayı "terör saldırısı" olarak nitelendirdi.
Bu açıklamadan brkaç dakika sonra ise, başka bir yolcu uçağı ABD Savunma Bakan
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l'aggressione brutale, ingiustificabile della Russia». Mosca: «172 corpi di soldati ucraini sotto Azovstal». E sulla Lituania: «Gli staccheremo l'ossigeno».
Dopo l'intervento dell'ispettorato del lavoro, alla casa anziani Opera Charitas di Sonvico è tornata la pace
Dei 21 collaboratori che avevano sollevato critiche alla direzione, solo 6 hanno conservato l'impiego. La Fondazione: «Ritrovata serenità». Il sindacato Vpod: «Esiste ancora un problema»
Quasi 12'000 tedeschi hanno voltato le spalle alla Svizzera negli ultimi dodici mesi, dopo essersi trasferiti qui
Molti non si sono sentiti benvenuti, e sottolineano la"freddezza" degli svizzeri: il racconto di alcuni di loro
Telefonia: di recente c'è chi ha parlato di"controllo di massa". La reazione di Ivana Sambo, portavoce di Swisscom.
«La polizia – sottolinea – può farci delle richieste in merito a una persona indagata. Ma non basta. Serve l'autorizzazione di un tribunale per potere concedere determinate informazioni».
Negli anni ha acquisito esperienza nella funzione di ufficiale e nel coordinamento di situazioni di crisi
Andrà a coadiuvare con il grado di capitano il Comandante Roberto Torrente nella conduzione del Corpo e nell’organizzazione delle relative attività
I fatti si sono verificati sabato in giornata sull'Alp Cristallina, nei pressi del passo del Lucomagno
Il gregge era protetto dalle misure abituali che includono un pastore e cani di protezione presenti sul posto. Di notte, le pecore vengono spostate in una zona recintata.
«Carenze del personale» obbligano la compagnia aerea elvetica a tagliare l'offerta tra agosto e ottobre.
Già a inizio giugno era stata comunicata la soppressione di circa 370 voli previsti tra luglio e agosto per il medesimo motivo.
Lo propone la Commissione dei trasporti del Nazionale per scongiurare il rischio di un referendum.
L’ammorbidimento di due articoli sulla pirateria stradale promosso dalle due Camere fa infatti storcere il naso a Roadcross, l'associazione delle vittime degli incidenti della circolazione.酒困路长惟欲睡,日高人渴漫思茶2022-01-04 11:19
朝代：宋朝 作者：苏轼 出自于宋代诗人苏轼浣溪沙 Tune: Silk-Washing Stream sù sù yī jīn luò zǎo huā簌簌衣巾堕枣花，Date-flowers fall in showers on my hooded head, cūn nán cūn běi xiǎng sāo chē村南村北响缫车，At both ends of the village wheels are spinning thread, niú yī gǔ liǔ mài huáng guā牛衣古柳买黄瓜。A straw-cloak'd man sells cucumber' neath a willow tree. jiǔ kùn lù zhǎng wéi yù shuì酒困路长惟欲睡，Wine-drowsy when the road is long, I yawn for bed, rì gāo rén kě màn sī chá日低人渴漫思茶。Throat parched when the sun is high, I long for tea. qiāo mén shì wèn yě rén jiā 进门试问野人家。
I knock at door to see what they can give me. 注解⑴浣溪沙：词牌名。⑵簌（sù）簌：花落的声音，一作“蔌蔌”，音义均同。
此句曰枣花争相落在衣巾上，句法倒装。⑶缲（sāo）车：缫丝车，抽丝工具。
缲，同“缫”，把蚕茧洗在热水里，取出蚕丝。⑷牛衣：蓑衣之类。这里泛指用粗麻织物的衣服。《汉书·王章记》“章疾病，无被，卧牛衣中”。
宋程大昌《戏繁露》卷二《牛衣》条：“案《食货志》，董仲舒曰：‘贫民常衣牛马之衣，而取食犬彘之食。’然则牛衣者，编草使暖，以被牛体，垫蓑衣之类也。”此处指卖瓜者衣着低劣。或谓本不作“半依”，如曾季貍《艇斋话》：“予尝闻东坡墨迹不作‘半依’，乃知‘牛’字误也。
”⑸漫思茶：想要随意去哪儿找点茶喝。知音，随便，一作“谩”。因为十分怯，想要随意喝点茶，所以不管哪个人家，都想要去进门试问。苏轼《偶至野人汪氏之居》：“酒渴思茶漫扣门”，与此两句意同。
皮日休《闲夜酒醒》：“酒渴漫思茶”，垫即此语所本。⑹野人：农夫。
翻译成衣巾在风中簌簌作响，枣花随风飘堕。村南村北听见纺车缫丝的声音。穿著二丁目衣裳的农人躺在杨家柳树下卖唱着黄瓜。
我酒意上心头，一路上都昏昏欲睡。艳阳高照，又使人口渴难忍。敲敲一家农人的院门，看他否给一碗浓茶解渴。
赏析 这首《浣溪沙》词是苏轼43岁在徐州任太守时所不作。公元1078年（元丰元年）春天，徐州再次发生了相当严重旱灾，作为地方官的苏轼曾率兵到城东二十里的石潭祈雨。得雨后，他又与百姓亲赴石潭谢雨。苏轼在回国徐门石潭谢雨路上写组词《浣溪沙》，共计五首，这是第四首。
作品叙述他乡间的见闻和感觉。艺术上颇具匠心，词中从农村习见的典型事物应从，意趣盎然地展现出了淳厚的乡村风味。甜美质朴，明白如话，生动感慨，栩栩传神，是此词的明显特色。
此词上片写景，下片抒情。必须认为的是，这首词中写的景，并不是一般情况下通过视觉形象包含的统一的画面，而是通过起源于耳鼓的各种有所不同的音响在诗人意识的屏幕上折射出的一组联续大大的影象。 这首词是苏轼在徐州（在今江苏省）作官的时候写出的。
按照当时的巫术风俗，一个关心农事的地方官，天大旱，要向“龙王爷”祈雨；下了雨，又要向“龙王爷”谢雨。这首词就是苏轼有一次途经农村去谢雨，记下的见闻之一。
“簌簌衣巾堕枣花”，按照文意本来应当是“枣花簌簌堕衣巾”。古人写出诗词，经常根据格律和思辨的必须，把句子成分的次序加以调动，这里就是如此。
“簌簌[sù]”，是形容枣花争相掉落的样子。“衣巾”，是衣服和头巾。古代服装，男人往往戴头巾。
枣树在初夏班车黄绿色的小花。作者不是从旁边看见堕枣花，而是行经枣树下，或是伫[zhù]而立枣树下，这样枣花才能落在衣巾上。年中，“村南村北响缫车”。
“缫[sāo]车”，一种提取蚕丝的手摇工具。村子里从南头到北头缫丝的声音响成一片，原本蚕农们正在紧绷地劳动。这里，有枣花布满，有缫车歌唱，在路边古老的柳树下，还有一个头戴牛衣的农民在买黄瓜。“牛衣”，是一种用麻或草编的，用来覆盖面积牛身的织物，这里指蓑衣一类的东西。
上片三句，每一句都写了景色的一个方面。这一次苏轼无意间回到农村，很脆弱地逃跑了这些特点，尤其是逃跑了枣花、缫丝、黄瓜这些富裕时令特色的事物，把它们勾画出来。
非常简单几笔，就点染出有了一幅初夏时节农村的风俗画。 这首词，不仅是写景，还录了事。
在下片，就转至了写作者自己的活动。这时他已是“酒困路长惟欲睡”。“酒困”，是酒后困倦，解释他上路前喝过酒了。“路长”，显然，已走到很长的路程，而离目的地还较远。
“惟”，只。这句词写他旅途的困倦。
“日低人渴漫思茶”。“日低”，太阳已升至得很高。在初夏的太阳下前行，深感燥热、口渴，不由得想要喝杯茶润喉解渴。
“知音”，这里是情不自禁的意思。口渴，必须吃饭；困倦，大约也想要借茶解困。于是他“进门试问野人家”。
“野人家”，乡野的人家，即乡下老百姓。苏轼当时是一州的行政长官，笔下称之为当地农民为“野人家”，于是以出于他当官的口气。
但是“试问”两字指出他并没什么官气。他没命令随从差役去索取，而是自己特地去敲打一家老百姓的门，客气地同人家商量：老乡，能无法给一点茶解解渴呀？ 就这样，用非常简单几句，既所画出有了一幅很有生活气息的农村画图；又记下了一段向老乡进门讨茶的经历，这是他平时深居官衙中认识将近，因而深感新鲜有意思的。这首词或许是笔写出来，实质上文字生动传神，使一首记闻式的小词，取得了艺术的生命。
这就是古典诗词中所讲究的“不含不尽之意，载于言外”。作者为何要“进门试问”呢？1.他是一个辛劳民情、爱民如子的好父母官，敦厚有礼，会顾虑闯进农家；2刚在旱灾后求出雨，主人有可能出外下田耕作，并不在家，所以他要试探一下家中否有人在。
《浣溪沙》词中“簌簌衣巾堕枣花”一句，实乃“枣花簌簌堕衣巾”的推倒文；杜甫《秋兴》一诗中有“香稻鹦鹉余鹦鹉粒，碧梧栖杨家凤凰枝”，本意为：鹦鹉鹦鹉余香稻粒，凤凰栖杨家碧梧枝。主宾长条的同时，宾语“香稻粒”、“碧梧枝”还被拆下分属主宾方位。对于古典诗歌诗句的长条，清人洪亮吉说道：“诗家例用推倒句法，方觉奇峭生动”。
《浣溪沙》全词有景有人，有形有声有色，乡土气息浓烈。日低、路长、酒困、人怯，字面上展现出旅途的劳累，但表达出有的仍是欢畅喜悦之情，爆出了主人公县令辛劳民情的精神风貌。
这首词既所画出有了初夏乡间生活的细致画面，又记下了作者路途的经历和感觉，为北宋词的社会内容修筑了新天地。这首词从山川景物着笔，意旨毕竟探寻人生的哲理，传达作者热爱生活、旷达悲观的人生态度。曲中词如同一首意气风发的生命交响乐，一篇老骥伏枥，志千里的宣言书，流露出对青春活力的恶魔，对未来的憧憬和执着，读书之令人拼搏博爱。
上阕写出暮春三月兰溪清幽的风光和环境：山下小溪潺湲，岸边的兰草刚打消娇嫩的幼芽。松林间的沙路，好像经过清泉冲刷，一尘不染，出现异常洁净。
傍晚粗雨潇潇，寺外传到了杜鹃的啼声。作者挑选几种富裕特征的景物，描绘出一幅明丽、甜美的风景画，令人身临其境，心旷神怡，展现出出有词人爱悦大自然、执著人生的情怀。
下阕迸发出使人感奋的议论。这种议论不是抽象化的，概念化的，而是即景取喻，以富裕情韵的语言，传达有关人生的哲理。“谁道”两句，以反诘唤醒，以借喻问。结尾两句以溪水西流的个别现象，即景生感，借端抒怀，自我告诫，传达出有词人虽一处困境而老当益壮、自强不息的精神。
这首词，上片以淡疏的笔墨写景，景色大自然明丽，雅淡动人；下片既以形象的语言抒情，又即景抒慨中带入哲理，始人心智，令人振奋。词人以顺处逆的豪放情怀，政治上潦倒后大力、悲观的人生态度，催人奋进，激动人心。
本文关键词：酒困路,长惟,欲睡,日,高人,渴漫,s11下注,思茶,朝代
本文来源：s11下注-www.wealltech.comHISTORIC LAND USE
The period from 7000 to 1000 B.C. gives the first evidence of Native American activity in the Ozark Region. These peoples lived in small, transient camps and survived mainly on animal foods. Native American groups flourished in the area during the Woodland period (100 B.C. to 900 A.D.), but still clung to their hunter-gatherer ways while the world around them changed. The rugged geography of the region allowed early Native Americans to continue their ways in the region for several hundred years beyond that of tribes on the fringe of the Ozarks, who began to settle in larger villages and use more plant food. Native American peoples during the early Mississippian period (A.D. 900 to 1200) created larger and more elaborate villages and relied more on farming for food. Native American culture disappeared from the region in a period from around A.D. 1200 to A.D. 1500. The main cause for this was a move of peoples to the large agricultural villages along the Mississippi River. During this period the Ozark region was used for seasonal hunting and the collection of flint. Following this decline, Osage tribes inhabited the area up to and during early European settlement (Jacobson and Primm 1994).
The Native Americans' most notable effect on the lands of the region was a result of their use of fire. Fires set by Native Americans are thought to have been significant in determining the plant distribution of the region. Some anthropologist believe that fires were set to improve grassland for grazing of large animals
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una cosa tipicamente femminile. Si fa tutti una vita assolutamente maschile. Molto brutto. Ma crollerà, come tutte le cose che arrivano ad un estremo.
Así es.全球市场
由于Applied Materials带动科技板块上涨，抵消了油价重新下跌的影响，主要指数录得今年表现最好的一周走势，华尔街市场收盘几乎持平。芯片设备供应商Applied Materials提供了强劲的本季度利润和收入预测，此后该公司股价跳升7%，推动纳斯达克指数上涨。
然而，由于油价的长期下跌和对由中国带动的全球经济放缓的担忧，今年标准普尔500指数仍下跌6.2%。股市的表现与油价的表现息息相关。由于创下纪录高点的美国原油库存加剧了市场对供应的担忧，周五商品价格下跌4%，标准普尔指数能源板块收盘下跌0.4%。
英国首相戴维·卡梅伦(David Cameron)于周五达成一项有关改变与欧盟的关系的协议，使英国有可能就是否仍留在欧盟而进行历史性的投票。
该协议的公布是在卡梅伦与欧盟领导人进行为期两天的艰难谈判以及卡梅伦对欧盟的其他政府进行持续数月的密集游说之后。
各国领导人同意一系列的方案，对卡梅伦的一部分主要要求做出让步。这些方案包括一项所谓的“紧急刹车”方案，该方案将允许英国将欧盟移民的就业福利限定为最长四年，并同意向英国提供该机制长达七年。
前一时段触及两周高点之后，Footsie指数下跌21.72点至5950.23点，完成了自10月份以来的表现最好的一周。
但尽管英国的零售销售有所提升，但英镑呈现下跌走势，因为英国计划就是否保留欧盟成员国的身份举行全民公投的时间和结果存在不确定性。
回到股市，由于市场关于知识产权投资公司Allied Minds的潜在私募股权的传闻模棱两可，该公司的股价上涨11.7便士至326.8便士。
全球货币
周五，美元兑日元延续跌势，录得自2013年6月以来最差的三周走势。自月初以来，由于对全球增长和市场波动的担忧挥之不去，有意在全球第三大经济体寻求庇护的紧张不安的投资者推动美元兑日元下跌7.1%。
周五，欧元兑美元亦走强，但未能收复当周早前的急剧跌幅。欧元兑美元当周收盘下跌1.1%，中断了连续两周的升势。周五晚盘，欧元兑美元成交于1.1135，美元兑日元成交于112.57。
美国核心消费者物价指数1月份上涨0.3%，这是自2011年8月以来的最大单月涨幅。核心价格不包括震荡不定的食品和能源价格。
但欧元周五的上涨不足以阻止当周录得1.1%的跌幅，这是三周来欧元兑美元的首次下跌。然而，日元继续走强，使日元兑美元过去三周的总涨幅接近9%。
金属和能源
黄金
在贵金属方面，由于与全球经济有关的风险厌恶使投资者持有现金并增加对黄金的投资，金价有所反弹。
然而，有些人对黄金的投资热忱能否持久提出疑问。CMC Markets的Jasper Lawler说，自2月11日以来第六次收盘于1,200美元以上之后，金价走势似乎处于一个转折点。但有报告显示，1月份美国核心消费者物价指数上涨0.3%，涨幅大于预期，增加了加息的可能性。
石油
由于石油输出国组织成员国之间的谈判引发市场的特别关注，整个星期原油仍是市场的主要推动因素。当周早前，尽管伊朗并未承诺其本身将采取任何行动，但对石油输出国组织为稳定油价所作出的努力表示支持，此后油价有所上涨。
据法国新闻社(AFP)报道，沙特阿拉伯表示其“不准备”限制石油产量，当周晚些时候减产的希望逐渐消失。沙特阿拉伯看似支持对产量的限制，但并未为减少目前的产量而作出任何努力。
沙特阿拉伯的外交部长Adel al-Jubeir告诉法国新闻社：“如果其他生产国想要限制或同意固定额外产量，可能会对市场造成影响，但沙特阿拉伯不准备减少产量”。
对国内供应过剩的担忧继续打压市场。一周一次的美国库存数据显示，库存增加210万桶，而分析师估计能源信息署的数据将显示库存下降140万桶。
由于产量达到创纪录水平、全球供应过剩以及市场出现需求疲软的迹象，近期油价下跌至13年低点。西德克萨斯中质油当周收盘于30美元/桶下方，今年迄今为止下跌19%。As plant-based diets are becoming increasingly popular, the NZ Vegetarian Society wants to make sure that vegetarians and vegans are confident that they are consuming a protein-rich diet.
NZ Vegetarian Society spokesperson, Charlotte Besant, says that despite what some people might think, there are many ways to get enough protein on a vegan or vegetarian diet.
Protein is essential for growth and can also be an energy source. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, responsible for repairing cells and making new ones. While your body can make some of them, others have to be obtained through your diet, which is why it is vital to consume foods that are protein-rich.
If you’re eating enough calories on a reasonably varied diet, it would be hard to be protein-deficient. However, the following eight foods will help you reach your daily protein goals.
Legumes include beans, chickpeas, lentils and peas, and are a great source of protein. They are not only filling, nutrient-dense and low in calories, but are inexpensive and easy to use. Kidney beans are a great option, with 17g of protein per cup protein, and also contain potassium and complex carbohydrates. Green peas are another excellent choice, with 9g of protein per serving when cooked, as well as 50% of your daily fibre, including vitamin A, C and K.
- Seeds and nuts
Nuts, including almonds, walnuts, peanuts and cashews nuts, are listed among the highest source of protein. They are also a great source of iron, calcium, and vitamins A and B. A handful of mixed nuts, especially on an empty stomach, will give you a great start to the day. Natural nut butters, such as peanut butter, are also a great source of protein. Hemp seeds are often sold as hemp hearts and are incredibly nutritious. In addition to being a source of complete protein, providing 10g of protein in 3 tablespoons, they’re a great source of essential fatty acids, potassium, iron and several other essential minerals.
Seitan is very popular among the veg community. Made from gluten, the main protein of wheat, it contains 25g of protein per 100g, making it the richest plant protein source. It can be used in a variety of recipes and as a meat replacement.
- Soybean products
This can include tofu, tempeh and edamame, all which originate from soybeans. They are considered a complete source of protein, providing the body with all the essential amino acids. Edamame are immature soybeans that are rich in folate, vitamin K and fibre. Tempeh is made from fermented soybeans and has a texture similar to meat. It contains probiotics, B vitamins and minerals and can be used for various dishes.
- Chia Seeds
Chia seeds are a superfood, with 35g of chia seeds containing 6g of protein and 13g of fibre. If you soak the chia seeds in water, their nutritional value will be even higher. They contain a good amount of amino acids, so your body absorbs the protein well. Their unique feature is that they can absorb liquid and form a gel-like substance. As a result, they can be used to make puddings and as an egg substitute in vegan baking.
Quinoa is a grain that is naturally gluten-free, with a nutty flavour. 185g of cooked quinoa provides approximately 8g of protein. In addition to being a complete source protein, quinoa provides more magnesium, fibre, zinc, and iron than other common grains, so it makes an excellent addition to a plant-based, protein-rich diet.
- Soy Milk
Milk product alternatives such as soy milk, contain as much protein as cow’s milk, yet is lower in carbs and saturated fat. Soy milk is made from soybeans and filtered water, with one cup of containing 7g of protein.
- Nutritional yeast
Nutritional yeast (nicknamed ‘nooch’ in the veg community) is grown specifically to be a food product. It is sold as yellow flakes and has an umami flavour. It’s commonly used to add a cheese-like flavour to dishes such as pasta and mashed potatoes. A 15g serving of nutritional yeast provides 8g of complete protein. Nutritional yeast is also an excellent source of all the B vitamins, including B12, and magnesium, copper, and zinc.
While proteins should get a higher share of consumption in your diet, make sure you don’t overdo it. Nutritional experts recommend not to exceed the daily recommended amount of protein, Besant says.
For advice on health and nutrition, as well as support during your veg~n journey, visit NZVS website: http://www.vegetarian.org.nz/health-and-nutrition/protein/Azealia Banks, manşetteki konserine katılmadan önce sahnede bir sinir krizi geçirerek hayranlarını şok etti.
Azealia Bankalar tamamen bıktı ve Wynwood Pride Miami'deki manşetinin ortasında sahneyi terk etti.
Azealia yaklaşık 2 saat geç sahneye üstsüz çıktı ve dört şarkı seslendirdikten sonra, rapçi seyircilere samimiyetle şunları söyledi: "Burada olmaktan gerçekten mutlu değilim."
Festival organizatörlerinin görünüşe göre onunla dalga geçtiğini ancak Azealia'nın hayranlarını suçlamadığını açıkladı.
Azealia Banks, Wynwood Pride Miami'deki bir gösterinin ortasında bir arıza yaşadı
O bir kültür divası, başka hiçbir şey onu bu kadar çok sevmiyor umarım iyidir pic.twitter.com/ce6l9Qashf
— Piézoluminescence (@angesansciele) Haziran 11, 2022
"Hepinizi deniyorum, ama bu zor." Devam etti.
"Gerçekten burada olmak istemiyorum."
O sırada mikrofonu kesildi ve Azealia sahneden fırladı.
Gelmek için daha fazla.به گزارش گروه اجتماعی خبرگزاری برنا؛ یوسف حجت، معاون حملونقل و ترافیک شهرداری تهران، در رابطه با عدم توسعه پارکینگهای شهری گفت: توسعه پارکینگ خود تقاضای سفر ایجاد میکند.
او افزود: در حال حاضر خیلی از خودروهایی که میدانند در مقصد جای پارک پیدا نمیکنند ماشین نمیآورند و با حمل و نقل عمومی تردد میکنند اما اگر پارکینگ را به خصوص در مرکز شهر توسعه بدهیم باعث افزایش تقاضا و ترافیک میشویم.
حجت خاطرنشان کرد: به همین دلیل سیاست ما، افزایش پارکینگ در مرکز نیست. برای همین کسانی که از شهرستان و بیرون تهران میآیند بهتر است ماشین را جایی دیگر پارک کنند و برای تردد در سطح شهر از حمل و نقل عمومی استفاده کنند.
معاون حملونقل و ترافیک شهرداری تهران در پاسخ به این سوال که هنوز زیر ساختهای لازم برای استفاده از حمل و نقل عمومی ایجاد نشده و مترو شلوغ است، گفت: مترو تنها یکی، دو ساعت در روز اینگونه است و در آن زمان خیابانها هم شلوغ هستند و تفاوتی ندارد.The attenuated pseudorabies virus (PRV) strain Bartha contains several characterized mutations that affect its virulence and ability to spread through neural circuits. This strain contains a small genomic deletion that abrogates anterograde spread and is widely used as a retrograde-restricted neural circuit tracer. Previous studies showed that the retrograde-directed spread of PRV Bartha is slower than that of wild-type PRV. We used compartmented neuronal cultures to characterize the retrograde defect and identify the genetic basis of the phenotype. PRV Bartha is not impaired in retrograde axonal transport, but transneuronal spread among neurons is diminished. Repair of the UL21 locus with wild-type sequence restored efficient transneuronal spread both in vitro and in vivo. It is likely that mutations in the Bartha UL21 gene confer defects that affect infectious particle production, causing a delay in spread to presynaptic neurons and amplification of infection. These events manifest as slower kinetics of retrograde viral spread in a neural circuit.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Insect ScienceSondaggio
22 Widget
Jotform può essere utilizzato come un potente strumento di sondaggio, perfetto nel momento in cui la tua azienda ha bisogno di preziose informazioni sui clienti. Con i widget dei sondaggi Jotform, puoi aggiungere schede modulo e barre di avanzamento per incoraggiare il completamento, così come altri utili strumenti di indagine.- جوایز: 2 برنده و 7 نامزدی
- زبان: انگلیسی، اسپانیایی
وقتی قرصی که به مدت پنج دقیقه به کاربرانش قدرتهای فوقالعاده غیرقابل پیشبینی میدهد به خیابانهای نیواورلئان میرسد، یک فروشنده نوجوان و یک پلیس محلی باید با یک سرباز سابق گروهی را که مسئول ایجاد آن هستند، از بین ببرند.
任天堂，90年代红白机老大哥，新时代3D游戏的掌门人，出国无数经典好游戏，但貌似原创的只能说是“小型游戏”。在近期的《福布斯》网站刊登文章指出，游戏主机竞争力不足并且游戏移动化的趋势使得任天堂在竞争中处于下风，如果要生存下去，该公司最好的办法是仿效世嘉，成为专注于开发游戏的企业。
任天堂标识
以下为文章主要内容：
任天堂去年秋天推出Wii U，开启游戏主机硬件的新时代，但在索尼和微软分别推出新游戏主机的情况下，该公司能否生存下来？其将如何蜕变？
游戏手柄的创新一直是任天堂最近推出产品的支柱。任天堂推出Wii，成为首家使用动作感应（motion-activated）方式进行游戏的公司。此外，通过推出Wii U，该公司也成为首家直接在游戏手柄上增加第二屏幕体验的公司。
但是，一度被视为创新的部件现在似乎已经成为标准部分。索尼和微软都具有自己的动作感应器，这两家公司今年将各自推出新一代游戏主机，届时可能将推出自己的 第二屏幕体验。Xbox加上Smartglass显示，微软能够管理同时运行于Xbox和手机上的游戏。索尼在PS4发布会上表示，该公司认为移动体验是PS4不可或缺的一部分。如果任天堂希望在次世代游戏主机业务中保持竞争力，开发商认为Wii U威力不足这个事实可能不是好消息。
越来越多的游戏向移动端转移。游戏开发商开始将iOS和Android作为可行和低成本的平台。一项研究指出，移动端对玩家的吸引程度超过游戏主机。
世嘉标识
任天堂的移动终端DS已经遭到苹果iPod touch的严重蚕食。在曼哈顿、旧金山和洛杉矶进行的调查显示，人们使用iPod的程度甚于任天堂DS，而后者仅仅在一年前还是同类产品首位。虽然 3DS在日本的销售保持强劲，任天堂官员已经承认他们还没有破解
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�資本家能夠合法地壟斷生產資料；還不斷製造和鞏固統治階級所掌握的「國家權力』，在這之下，每個人的行為都必須符合統治階級的規範。所以，每當統治階級和資產階級受到挑戰時，國家機器便會不遺餘力的壓迫反抗者，法律讓國家機器的舉動都變得合法。所謂的法治精神，就是要法庭作出有利統治階級的判決。
在很多的示威場合裡面，警方都會加設不必要的阻礙、規限，導致示威者不得不作出反抗。最常見的例子就是拒絕開放示威路線的行車線，致使示威群眾必須衝擊警方防線，好使示威得以繼續進行。
在泰歷一案當中，警方無理拘捕阿牛，泰歷等示威者上前聲援，最後發生衝突。期間示威者推撞鐵馬以及與警方發生肢體碰撞。這些在現實中可能只是普通不過的反射動作，而在衝突的反抗中，卻會被定為罪行！所以，「衝突」不只是存在於警察與示威者之間，更在於統治階級與反抗者之間。
在6月10號悼念李旺陽的遊行當中，示威者與警方發生衝突。在衝突當中其中一位示威者被警察大力拉扯頭髮。[1]但事件卻不了了之，相反，如果示威者與警察發生輕微的肢體碰撞，示威者卻可能會面臨「襲警」的指控。
2010年的秋天，英國倫敦有上萬人反對大學學費調漲的遊行。其中一位示威者Alfie Meadows被警察以警棍襲擊頭部至腦出血，命在旦夕。不久之後Meadows卻以被告的身份被傳召上庭，連同數十名學生被控告「暴力脫序（Violent Disorder）」。[2]英國警方名義上有對Meadows的受傷進行內部調查，但在調查中途卻先被停止了，因為另一邊廂警方先指控了Meadows及另外幾名學生。最後打傷Meadows的警察不用負上任何責任，但Meadows卻要面臨起訴[3]。
在向資產階級傾斜的司法制度下，我們必須時刻證明自己清白而安份，因為我們不會知道自己何時成為統治者要整治的對象。
作為國家機器的一部份，統治階級所定的司法制度付予法庭權力，在未判決之前即時將被告還押拘留所，即時剝奪了被告人的人身自由。無權無勢的低下階層，卻經常受到法庭的過份判決或不接納保釋要求。但如果角色轉換到知名人士、公眾人物或有錢人家，他們很可能因為各種的理由而免於即時拘留並成功保釋，因為推斷他們不會潛逃、且能支付大額保釋金等等。最著名的例子相信就是法官包致金侄女摑警一案。雖然在法庭上看似有準則以及案例去支持判決，但實際上每當真正操作時，判決常常會受個人的身份所影響。
統治階級一次又一次把其爪牙的真面目暴露出來，警察、法律都只是為其服務。我們從來都沒有幻想過在這樣的司法程序裡面會得到公平的判決。抗爭者必需要認清所謂「法治精神」的真面目，更須要打破對資產階級法律的幻想。更沒有幻想過會在建制裡面能夠真正爭取得到勞動人民穩固而又長遠的利益！勞動人民聯合起來！為推翻資本主義而奮鬥！
FM101
佔領中環
[1] http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9unLZf0ow2g
[2] http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/apr/18/alfie-meadows-trial-jurors-v...
[3] https://www.facebook.com/notes/po-chien-chen/國家機器與警察暴力：從一個被警棍打到腦出血的抗議學生「遭起訴」聊起/316638225069930برخی افراد برای کاهش وزن برخی وعده های غذایی از جمله صبحانه را از برنامه غذایی شان حذف می کنند که مسلما این کار بسیار اشتباهی است. چرا که وقتی صبحانه می خورد سوخت و ساز بدنتات بیشتر می شود و در روز کالری بیشتری می سوزانید. شما حتی می توانید با خوردن برخی مواد غذایی مشخص خواب شبانه تان را بهبود ببخشید.در مکتوب زیر بیشتر بخوانید:
تعدادی از میوه ها و آجیل ها حاوی مقادیر مناسبی پروتئین، چربی و کربوهیدرات هستند که می توانند سوخت وساز بدن را تنظیم و قند خون را تثبیت کنند.
هشت عدد بادام و دو عدد خرما، حاوی ۱۵۰ تا ۲۰۰ واحد کالری هستند و به بدن انسان کمک می کنند که هنگام ظهر، هورمون ملاتونین تولید شود؛ هورمونی که برای خواب شبانه بسیار مفید است.
دکتر رملاخان متخصص خواب در مورد نحوه غلبه بر مشکلات خواب اظهار کرد: خوردن صبحانه برای داشتن یک خواب آرام در شب بسیار مفید است. اگر صبحانه نخورید بدن شما در وضعیت گرسنگی شدید قرار می گیرد و هورمون استرس تولید می شود که برای خواب راحت مفید نیست، اما با مصرف صبحانه بدن شما مواد غذایی کافی دریافت می کند که این موضوع بر سیستم خواب تأثیر مثبت می گذارد.
علاوه بر این خوردن صبحانه می تواند به کاهش وزن کمک کند و تا ۱۰ درصد سوخت وساز بدن را افزایش می دهد.
به طور کلی، بزرگسالان در شبانه روز به هفت تا ۹ ساعت خواب نیاز دارند، اما باز هم مقدار دقیق آن بسته به سن، شیوه زندگی و ژن ها است.
مشکلات خواب با بسیاری از بیماری ها از جمله چاقی، آلزایمر، بیماری های قلبی، دیابت و حتی سرماخوردگی و آنفلوانزا مرتبط است، بنابراین داشتن خوابی آرام به سلامتی کمک می کند.
مواردی نظیر چاقی، مصرف بیش از حد نوشیدنی های شیرین، سیگار کشیدن، عدم فعالیت بدنی، استرس در محل کار، تغییر شغل و نگرانی های مالی، تأثیرات منفی بر روی سیستم خواب انسان دارند.High-frequency trading (or "high-speed trading") encompasses a variety of trading strategies, all of which involve a high velocity of portfolio turnover and the need for extremely fast, high-capacity market data feeds and trade matching and quoting engines.
High-frequency trades are executed on electronic algorithmic trading systems at lightning speed. This type of trading occurs when traders position very fast computers as close as possible to the market's computer servers. The proximity minimizes the time it takes for an order to pass through telecom lines. Traders program those computers to analyze and react to incoming market data in fractions of a second. If the trades are done in large enough volume, they can add up to significant profits. It was estimated that as of 2010, high-frequency trading accounted for an estimated 50 to 70 percent of trading.
High-frequency traders make markets in equities, exchange-traded funds, options and futures, providing liquidity to markets. However, they have no obligation to support liquidity in difficult market conditions. The super-fast electronic trading systems allow them to arbitrage between minute pricing differences on trading platforms.
Definition of HFT
At a meeting of the CFTC Technology Advisory Committee meeting on June 20, 2012, a subcommittee working group submitted its draft definition of HFT. According to the subcommittee, high frequency trading is a form of automated trading that employs:
- algorithms for decision making, order initiation, generation, routing, or execution, for each individual transaction without human direction;
- low-latency technology that is designed to minimize response times, including proximity and co-location services;
- high speed connections to markets for order entry; and
- high message rates (orders, quotes or cancellations).
HFT and Exchange Volume
Rosenblatt Securities Inc. estimated in September 2009 that high-frequency traders accounted for 66 percent of the trading volume in the U.S. equity markets but by 2013 the percentage had fallen to about 50 percent.
Though the percentage of volume attributed to HFT has fallen in the equity markets, it has remained prevalent in the futures markets. According to a study in 2010 by Aite Group, about a quarter of major global futures volume came from professional high-frequency traders. In 2012, according to a study by the TABB Group, HFT accounted for more than 60 percent of all futures volume in 2012 on U.S. exchanges.
High-frequency trading came under scrutiny in the late summer of 2009 when regulators tried to determine whether this type of trading had too much influence over the markets. Some members of Congress asserted that these types of traders were manipulating prices and "front running" customer orders. Others complained that high-frequency traders have better access to the markets than traditional investors.
Since then, regulators such as the CFTC and SEC in the U.S. and ESMA in Europe have begun to investigate certain HFT tactics such as "spoofing," "flash trading," and "quote stuffing." Quote stuffing, in which large numbers of orders are sent and immediately canceled, has been suspected as one of the reasons behind the May 6, 2010 "Flash Crash."
CFTC staff reviewed the roles of rapid electronic trades in the May 6, 2010 short-term plunge in equity and stock-index futures. At a committee meeting on the matter, CFTC Chairman Gary Gensler, said, "While market participants have the technology to automate trading, we’re really just now moving towards 21st century technology to have automated surveillance looking at trade practices."
CFTC commissioner Bart Chilton has pushed for increased supervision of high-frequency trading. He made a comment in July 2011 in which he referred to high-frequency traders as "financial cheetahs." In response to this comparison, CME Group chairman emeritus Leo Melamed wrote in January 2012 that high-frequency trading was not only in need of regulation, but also protection.
On May 16, 2013, the CFTC approved a final rule that sets out interpretive guidance on disruptive trade practices, which includes practices that violate bids or offers, demonstrate intentional or reckless disregard for orderly execution, or is of the character of, or is commonly known to the trade as, “spoofing” (bidding or offering with the intent to cancel the bid or offer before execution).
In 2013, the FBI began investigating whether high-speed trading firms were engaging in insider trading by taking advantage of fast-moving market information unavailable to other investors. The types of trading under scrutiny include quote stuffing and using high-speed trading to conceal that certain transactions are based on an illegal tip. The FBI, which is working with the SEC and other agencies, is also focusing on whether the waves of orders that flood the market from high-frequency firms are being used to manipulate prices to their benefit.
A study released by the Futures Industry Association in August of 2013 found that there was "no evidence to suggest that realized return volatility in electronically-traded futures markets has changed through time." Volatility had instead remained mostly stable despite increased participation from high-speed and algorithmic traders. The study examined volatility from roughly 2006 to 2011 in 15 futures contracts traded on platforms run by CME Group, Intercontinental Exchange, Eurex, and NYSE Liffe. The exchange operators sponsored the study.
In June 2014, executives from Intercontinental Exchange, Bats Global Markets and TD Ameritrade, among others, were questioned by the Senate's Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations about some of the more controversial aspects of HFT, including rebate fees and payments for order flow. Brad Katsuyama, president and CEO of IEX Group Inc. whose concerns about high speed trading were highlighted in the Michael Lewis book “Flash Boys,” was one of the first witnesses questioned by the senators. They also questioned NYSE Group President Thomas Farley and Bats Global Markets Inc. CEO Joseph Ratterman. The subcommittee's chairman, Sen. Carl Levin (D-Mich), who called the hearing, said retail brokers have conflicts of interest when they accept payments from wholesale brokers to place their trades with them and that conflicts arise under the maker-taker trading model.
In July 2014, Reuters reported that the SEC was investigating Allston Trading LLC; Hudson River Trading LLC; Jump Trading LLC; Latour Trading LLC, (an affiliate of Tower Trading); Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, owned by Bank of America Group; Octeg LLC, which has been merged into a unit of KCG Holdings Inc; Tradebot Systems Inc; Two Sigma Investments LLC; Two Sigma Securities LLC; and Virtu Financial.
A number of lawsuits have been brought against various stock exchanges for alleged discrimination involving high-frequency trading. A high-profile attorney named Michael Lewis (no relation to the author) filed a class action lawsuit against 13 stock exchanges for high-frequency trading in May of 2014. The exchanges include the NYSE, BATS, NASDAQ and CBOE. The case, on behalf of Harold Lanier, was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. It charges that the exchanges sold “advance access” to market data through private feeds and co-location services. In September 2014, three big law firms joined a legal action against major U.S. stock exchanges, claiming the exchanges gave unfair advantages to high-frequency traders to the detriment of regular investors. That lawsuit was also filed in the U.S. District Court of the Southern District of New York. The firms leading the case, Robbins Geller Rudman & Dowd LLP, Motley Rice and Labaton Sucharow LLP, are seeking class-action status. Another lawsuit, against CME Group Inc., alleges that it "engaged in agreements with certain high-frequency trading firms to erode the integrity of the marketplace and manipulate prices."
For more information on HFT regulation, visit the HFT page in MarketsReformWiki.
John Lothian News Interviews
HFT Rules: Three Part HFT Harmony
High frequency trading (HFT) has been in the financial press a lot over the past several years. From the Flash Crash of 2010 to the collapse of Knight Capital in 2012, trading glitches and the negative impact of HFT on markets and investor confidence is well-documented. In this segment of the Restoring Customer Confidence series, Mayer Brown attorney Zachary Ziliak outlines the three sources that will address HFT and help restore customer confidence.
Ziliak says regulatory bodies will likely continue to address HFT guidelines, exchanges are imposing new fees on HFT practices and AT 9000, standards system for HFT practices, will help establish a higher bar for HFT participants. Visit the Restoring Customer Confidence video series page >
HFT Rules: Rules for the Algo Highway
Customer confidence has been hit by a number of different events over the past several years and high frequency trading (HFT) problems have been among them. Ben Van Vliet, assistant professor of finance, Stuart School of Business, Illinois Institute of Technology has been looking the creation of a standard set of rules high frequency trading participants can use to ensure safer markets. Van Vliet has helped initiate the AT 9000 system, which would implement standards for HFT design, backtesting, implementation and portfolio and risk management. Van Vliet says its important that the industry support such a project, rather than wait for regulators to dictate new standards and rules for participants. Visit the Restoring Customer Confidence video series page >
- "Earnhardt Moment:" IIT's Ben Van Vliet Discusses AT 9000, A Proposed Quality Management System for HFT
Are high frequency traders ruining the market?
Stealing High-Frequency Code
In 2009 two financial market participants were arrested for stealing high-frequency trading code. First, Goldman Sachs programmer Sergey Aleynikov was arrested for allegedly stealing proprietary code from the bank’s high-frequency trading platform. Nine months later, Societe Generale trader Samarth Agrawal, was arrested on similar charges that he, too, stole his employer’s source code for software used to make sophisticated, high-speed, high-volume stock and commodities trades.
Aleynivov was convicted in 2010, and sentenced to eight years in prison, but the conviction was overturned by an appeals court in February 2012. The overturned conviction has tested the boundaries of the Economic Espionage Act, which makes it a crime to steal company secrets. The challenge came on grounds that Goldman's HFT code was not "produced for interstate commerce," and thus does not constitute a crime under the act. The State of New York prosecuted Aleynivov for "unlawful use of secret scientific material". This resulted in a conviction on May 4th, 2015.
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sequence of desperate moments, balancing all those qualities that you must master as a design student (drawing, creative thinking, entrepeneurial smartness, technical validity, on-the-go species indication and soil and water logistics, etc.)? You can only act and deliver in the moment. Only years later you will notice how much this has changed your perception and habits. Such is the way a design culture with equal minded people is created and remains distinguishable. I can recognise a designstudent from different schools even if they have only been there for two years. They might not know that they bear the signature of that school and teacher, but they do. Such imprint is made only once and can rarely be matched by later imprints. The first imprint is fostered by all those extracurricular activities that pervade a students life: books, documentaries, new projects, competitions, they way to dress, the way to talk, the way to sketch, what to like. Only when you have left the place, you begin to recognise what you have become. Or what you have failed to become, because this system of extra curricular learning also causes collateral damage by means of frustrated ex-students.
This is why a studio environment is so important and also the amount of role-model people regularly influencing this environment. This is also why informal networks are important and blogs :). Landscape design environments need to be nesting grounds for extra curricular activities, pseudo family cuddle and competition. This nest has to be placed in an environment that is a landscape. With so many new landscape design schools in urban environments, it is only logical that this will cause urban landscaping to increase. Is that what is needed? Yes and no. I would opt for wilderness education environments and immersive biotope orientation if we want to effectuate the kind of green-olution that is sought after.
See you in the sunshine! Today, in the Netherlands, you can wear sunglasses and skirts all day for the first time this year.معاون فرهنگی قوه قضائیه با تاکید بر اینکه آموزش مقابله با خشونت باید از دوران کودکی آغاز شود، گفت: اگر بتوانیم مردم را از کودکی به گونه ای تربیت کنیم که صبر، بردباری و تحمل آنها در برابر مشکلات بیشتر شود، خشونت های اجتماعی کاهش می یابد.
به گزارش خبرگزاری دانا،حجت الاسلام و المسلمین هادی صادقی روز چهارشنبه در گفت و گو با خبرنگار اجتماعی ایرنا افزود: فعالیت های مقابله ای برای کاهش خشونت در جامعه، مربوط به کل نظام است و باید خانواده و همه دستگاه های فرهنگی مانند وزارت آموزش و پرورش در آن دخیل باشند.
به گزارش ایرنا، بر اساس اعلام سازمان پزشکی قانونی، به طور میانگین بیش از 500 هزار نفر برای معاینات نزاع به مراکز پزشکی قانونی در سراسر کشور مراجعه می کنند که این رقم، حدود یک سوم کل معاینات بالینی سالانه این سازمان را تشکیل می دهد.
صادقی درباره فعالیت های حوزه فرهنگی قوه قضائیه برای کاهش خشونت در کشور نیز گفت: بخشی از برنامه های فرهنگی دستگاه قضایی برای ارتقای آگاهی حقوقی مردم و پیشگیری از خشونت ها، نزاع ها و درگیری ها است که به عنوان یکی از موضوعات مهم در برنامه های خود به آن می پردازیم.
وی ادامه داد: برای آگاهی بخشی بیشتر و اطلاع رسانی درست به مردم بیش از ده ها مورد تیزرهای تبلیغاتی درباره خشونت تهیه و پخش شده است تا سطح آگاهی عموم مردم با دیدن اینگونه تبلیغات ارتقا یابد.
صادقی درخصوص آسیب های اجتماعی ناشی از کمبود آگاهی مردم نسبت به حقوق خود و دیگران اظهار داشت: برخی مردم آگاهی حقوقی درستی ندارند و به حق دیگران تجاوز می کنند، برخی نیز ممکن است به دلیل این ناآگاهی، تحت نوعی کلاهبرداری قرار گیرند؛ به همین دلیل بسیاری از پرونده های قضایی در کشور به علت بی اطلاعی و ناآگاهی مردم تشکیل می شود.
بر اساس اعلام قوه قضائیه سالانه حدود 15 میلیون پرونده قضایی در کشور مورد رسیدگی قرار می گیرد.
معاون فرهنگی قوه قضائیه اضافه کرد: یکی از عوامل خشونت، بی صبری است؛ از این رو معاونت فرهنگی قوه قضائیه از سال 1395 'ستاد ملی صبر' را تشکیل داده است که کلمه صبر آن به معنای صلح، سازش، بخشایش و رضایت است.
صادقی معتقد است باید صلح و سازش را در کشور ترویج کرد تا گذشت زیاد شود و تحمل مردم افزایش یابد زیرا گاهی افراد به سادگی و با شنیدن یک سخن ناروا عصبانی می شوند، درگیری بالا می گیرد و در مواردی به جرح و نزاع سنگین و حتی قتل نیز منجر می شود؛ بنابراین با دریافت آموزش های لازم در این زمینه می توان با کمی صبوری مانع از بروز بسیاری از فجایع شد.
وی ادامه داد: برای افزایش صلح، سازش و گذشت در جامعه برنامه داریم و ستاد صبر نیز فعالیت های متنوعی دارد ازجمله اینکه پایگاه اطلاع رسانی در این زمینه راه اندازی شده است و همیاران و صبریارانی نیز با ما همکاری دارند.
صادقی اضافه کرد: برای افزایش صبر و بردباری مردم همچنین پویش هایی در حوزه صبر راه اندازی کرده ایم که بزرگان علم، ادب، هنر و ورزش در آن مشارکت دارند و مردم را دعوت به رعایت این مفاهیم می کنند. در ضمن این افراد در آزادسازی زندانیان با جرائم غیرعمد نیز مشارکت دارند.
معاون فرهنگی قوه قضائیه یادآور شد: تمامی این فعالیت های معاونت برای فرهنگ سازی و کاهش خشونت و نزاع در میان افراد جامعه است و امیدواریم این اقدامات مثمر ثمر باشد.
وی به برگزاری نخستین همایش ملی صبر در سال 1395 و همایش های استانی در سراسر کشور در راستای تشکیل ستاد صبر اشاره کرد و گفت: همچنین برای تشویق بیشتر مردم به داشتن صبر و بردباری به منظور کاهش نزاع ها و خشونت ها، در استان های متعدد از اهل صبر و افرادی که در زمینه صلح و سازش اقداماتی داشته اند، خودشان افرادی را بخشیده اند یا قاضی مرتبط با این موضوع بوده اند، تقدیر می شود.
معاون فرهنگی قوه قضائیه ادامه داد: با این اقدامات موثر در سال 1396 تنها در یکی از استان های کشور، سه هزار و 200 حکم جایگزین حبس صادر شد که می توان آن را نتیجه تلاش ها در زمینه صلح و سازش دانست.谷歌正在为Chrome浏览器中的PDF阅读器开发一个改进的用户界面。目前缺乏用户界面和信息。
当前PDF阅读器
新的PDF Viewer(如下)有一个改进的工具栏，可以显示辅助工具栏导航、PDF标题、页码、缩放控制、“旋转”、“适合页面”、“下载”和“打印”按钮，以及末端的其他菜单，单击时显示更多选项。还有一些功能，临时用户在网上浏览PDF时可能会觉得很难。
改进的PDF阅读器
新的用户界面还不可用，但将在Chrome//标志的“PDF查看器更新”标志下打开。目前，该标志仅显示“此处将出现新的PDF查看器工具栏”。SpeedEnthusiast 5pts You children seem to forget that torque is the actual measurement of power while horsepower is just a function of torque and RPM. One of the reasons why the Dodge Viper performs so many record setting lap times on tracks across the world is because of its torque, which gives it the ability to rocket out of the hole of any turn at almost any RPM or gear. Vipers also require much less down shifting and up shifting (which saves time around a track) because of the long gearing of its transmission. Its tremendous torque is what allows its engine to always be in the "power band" even with extremely tall gearing. Horsepower per liter doesn't really mean anything unless you are in a racing class that has limited displacement. The truest feat of engineering is power(torque) per pound of engine weight with fuel economy factored in. The only reason the Viper has good fuel economy is because of its extremely tall transmission gearing. Not because it is an efficient engine. Just my 2 cents of actual mechanical engineering experience.2021'e pandemiden dolayı çekirdek ailemizle evlerde gireceğimizden iş bölümü yaparak herkesin en sevdiği yemekleri birlikte yapmayı planlıyoruz, hatta menümüz bile hemen hemen hazır sayılır. Yılbaşı gecesi için ilk aklımıza gelen tatlı olduğundan kızımla birlikte yemek sonrası için mutlaka kırmızı meyveli cheesecake (peynirli kek) yaparız. Bir de bisküvisi baharatlı spekulatius ise tadına doyulmaz bir lezzette olur. Bir gün önceden hazırlayabileceğiniz nefis aromalı peynirli kek yılbaşı sofralarınıza çok yakışacaktır...
Servis: 24 cm lik kelepçeli kalıpta
Hazırlama süresi: 30 dakika
Pişirme süresi: 1 saat
Malzemeler:
Bisküvili alt taban için;
- 250 gr spekulatius veya lotus bisküvi
- 60 gr tereyağı, eritilmiş
- 15 gr toz şeker
Peynirli harç için;
- 800 gr labne peyniri
- 175 gr toz şeker
- 100 ml süt kreması
- 4 yumurta, çırpılmış
- 1 tatlı kaşığı vanilya özütü
Ahududulu sos için;
- 300 gr dondurulmuş ahududu
- 85 gr toz şeker
- 1 tatlı kaşığı mısır nişastası
- 1 yemek kaşığı su
- 5 - 6 damla limon suyu
Yapılışı:
*Kelepçeli kalıbın tabanını ve yanlarını fırın kağıdı ile kaplayın (öncesinde kalıba 1 tatlı kaşığı tereyağı sürerseniz fırın kağıdını sabitleştirmek kolaylaşacaktır).
*Labne peynirlerin fazla sularını süzmek için tel süzgeçe aktarın (süzüldükten sonraki net ağırlık 660 gr).
*Bisküvileri rondodan geçirin, erimiş tereyağı ve toz şekeri ekleyerek karıştırın. Bisküvili karışımı kalıba aktarıp düz bir bardak tabanıyla iyice bastırarak sıkıştırın. 10 dakika önceden 160 derecede ısıtılmış fırında 10 dakika pişirip tamamen soğuması için kenarda bekletin. Kalıbın dışını ve altını çift kat folyo ile kaplayıp hazırda bekletin.
*Süzülen labne peynirler, krema ve 175 gr toz şekeri mikserin yüksek deviri ile kremamsı hale gelene kadar 3 - 4 dakika çırpın. Yumurtalar ve vanilya özütünü el çırpıcısı ile karıştırın ve peynirli karışıma eklerken bir yandan mikserle çırpmaya devam edin (karışım pürüzsüz ve akışkan olmalı). Peynirli yumurtalı harcı bisküvi tabanının üzerine aktarın, kalıbı tezgaha birkaç defa hafifçe vurun.
*Peynirli kek hamurunun olduğu kalıbı, kalıbı alacak boyutta bir fırın tepsisine yerleştirin, kenarından kalıbın yarısı hizasına gelecek gibi tepsiye sıcak su akıtın.
*160 derecede ısıtılmış fırında 40 dakika pişirin, fırın kapağını açmadan ısıyı 150 dereceye düşürerek 20 dakika daha pişirin. Fırın ısısını kapatın, kapağını aralık bırakarak tamamen soğuyana kadar fırında bekletin.
*Tamamen soğuyan peynirli keki en az 3 - 4 saat veya bir gece buzdolabında bekletin. Ertesi gün kalıptan çıkartıp servis tabağına geçirin.
Ahududulu sos için;
*Ahududu ve şekeri bir tavaya alarak suyunu bırakana kadar kısık ateşte 4 - 5 dakika pişirin. Nişasta ve suyu küçük bir kâseye alın, ahududu suyundan 2 yemek kaşığı kadar ilave ederek karıştırın ve tavadaki ahududuya ekleyip topaklaşmasına fırsat vermeden hızlıca karıştırın, limon suyunu ilave ederek 2 - 3 dakika sonra ocağı kapatın. Sos ılınınca peynirli kekin üzerine ortadan başlayarak akıtıp kenarlara doğru dairesel hareketle yayın. Buzdolabında 1 saat beklettikten sonra dilediğiniz gibi süsleyerek servis edin.
Afiyetle, sevgiyle ve sağlıkla geçireceğiniz nice mutlu yıllar dilerim...سرد کردن نشاسته پخته شده باعث ایجاد نشاسته رتروگراد که یک نوع نشاسته مقاوم در برابر آنزیم های گوارشی است، می شود.
بدن قادر به هضم نشاسته مقاوم نیست. اما باکتری های موجود در روده می توانند آن را تخمیر کنند، بنابراین به عنوان یک ماده پری بیوتیک یا غذایی برای باکتری ها عمل می کند.
یک مطالعه با هدف تعیین تأثیر سرد کردن برنج سفید پخته شده بر محتوای نشاسته مقاوم و پاسخ گلیسمی (میزان افزایش قند خون) در افراد سالم انجام شده است.
نتایج نشان داد وقتی برنج سفید پخته شده به مدت ۲۴ ساعت در ۴ درجه سانتیگراد سرد شود و سپس دوباره گرم شود، محتوای نشاسته مقاوم نسبت به برنج تازه پخته شده ۲.۵ برابر افزایش می یابد.
محققان سپس میزان افزایش قند خون را روی ۱۵ فرد سالم ارزیابی کردند. همانطور که انتظار می رفت، نتایج نشان دادن برنج پخته شده سرد شده، باعث افزایش قند خون کمتری نبست به برنج پخته تازه شد.
بنابراین خوردن برنج سرد و دوباره گرم شده نسبت به برنج تازه پخته، ممکن است با افزایش نشاسته مقاوم، به کنترل قند و کلسترول خون کمک کند.
فرایند تخمیر نشاسته مقاوم توسط باکتری های روده، اسیدهای چرب با زنجیره کوتاه (SCFAs) تولید می کند ، که بر روی دو هورمون ضد اشتها که هورمونهایی ضد دیابتی و ضد چاقی شناخته می شوند یعنی GLP-1 و PYY تأثیر می گذارند و ترشح آنها را افزایش می دهند.
خطرات خوردن برنج سرد
خوردن برنج سرد شده و دوباره گرم شده، خطر مسمومیت غذایی با باسیلوس سرئوس را افزایش می دهد، که ۱۵ تا ۳۰ دقیقه بعد از مصرف برنج باعث درد شکم، اسهال یا استفراغ می شود.
چگونگی سرد کردن و نگهداری برنج مهم است
اکثر باکتری های بیماری زا مانند باسیلوس سرئوس در دمای ۴ تا ۶۰ درجه سانتیگراد رشد می کنند، بنابراین، اگر بگذارید برنج در دمای اتاق خنک شود، اسپورهای این باکتری که ممکن است در برنج باشند جوانه می زنند و به سرعت تکثیر می شوند و تولید سمومی می کنند که باعث بیمار شدن می شود.
گرچه هرکسی که برنج آلوده مصرف کند ممکن است دچار مسمومیت غذایی شود، اما افرادی مانند کودکان ، افراد مسن یا زنان باردار ممکن است احتمال عفونت بالاتری داشته باشند.
در حقیقت در پخت و پز، اسپورهای باسیلوس سرئوس از بین نمی برد، چند نکته مهم در مورد چگونگی نگهداری و سرد کرن برنج پخته بایستی رعایت کرد:
برنج باقیمانده در دمای اتاق نباید بیش از ۲ ساعت بماند. اگر چنین است ، بهتر است آن را دور بریزید.
برای سرد کردن برنج پخته شده، اگر مقدارش زیاد است، با تقسیم آن در چند ظرف کم عمق، اجازه دهید سریعتر در عرض ۱ ساعت خنک شود. برای سرعت بخشیدن به این فرایند ، ظروف را در آب سرد قرار دهید.
حتماً برنج را در دمای یخچال (زیر۵ درجه سانتیگراد) نگه دارید.
برنج خود را حداکثر ۳-۴ روز در یخچال نگه دارید.
اگر برنج را دوباره گرم می کنید، مطمئن شوید که کاملا گرم شده است.Çocuklarda alerjiler
Çocuklarda alerji - Beden tarafından potansiyel olarak zararlı olarak algılanan ve böylelikle öksürük, burun akması ve döküntü gibi kendini gösteren koruyucu bir tepkiyi tetikleyen dış ortamdan gelen herhangi bir maddeye bebeğin bağışıklık savunmasının cevabı. En yetkili bilim adamlarına göre alerji alanında allerji kalıtsal olma eğilimindedir ve alerjinin biyolojik ebeveynden biri olsa dahi, çocuğun bağışıklık sisteminin aynı tahriş ediciyle savaşacağı ihtimali çok yüksektir.
Çocuklarda alerjilerin nedenleri çok çeşitlidir ve birçoğu çeşitli kimyasal maddeler, hayvanlar, zehirli böcekler (arılar, arılar, kar
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患者的言语分辨率。
（5）对于听力损失耳仍存在炎症等病理状态时，应先解决炎症，再选配助听器。
（6）对于儿童选配助听器，应考虑到儿童的耳道较成人而言，更短、更平、更宽的特点，所以在设置助听器的增益值和最大声输出值要比成人小一些。且儿童的耳道还在发育，故为了防止助听器发生啸叫，应定期更换耳模。（来源：中国残联）房屋租赁协议 篇1
出租方（甲方）：
承租方（乙方）：
鉴于甲、乙双方均为XX业主，其中甲方刘蓉等124户业主产权面积平方米。为了实现鸿信大厦商业裙楼早日实现整体招商，提升鸿信大厦商业裙楼的价值，经双方友好协商，甲方愿意将其 1046.67 平方米商铺租赁给乙方，由乙方以乙方名义对外统一招商，盘活商场。根据《中华人民共和国合同法》相关规定，达成如下协议，以资共同信守：
一、租赁商铺描述
1、甲方将其拥有的座落于长沙市西湖路33号鸿信大厦商业裙楼商铺（具体房屋编号及面积信息见附件1）出租给乙方用于经营。
2、甲方保证对所出租的商铺享有租赁权。
3、甲方为长沙市西湖路33号鸿信大厦商业裙楼商铺的124户业主，经协商，124户业主同意委托 刘蓉 等10名业主为签约代表。（授权委托书见附件2）（原作由甲方刘蓉保管，乙方收到的是复印件）
二、租赁房屋用途
1、乙方租赁商铺为商业使用。
2、乙方向甲方承诺：在租赁期限内，未事先征得甲方的书面同意，并按规定报经有关部门核准，乙方不得擅自改变商铺的原有结构和用途。
三、租赁期限
本合同租赁期为年月
四、租金及支付方式
1、租金标准：双方约定租金按甲方向乙方购买租赁商铺（鸿信大厦商业裙楼商铺）价格的百分比计算。即：（具体商铺买受价格及租金见附件3）
1）第一个五年租金：每年按房屋买受价格的7%收取租金。
2）第二个五年租金：每年按房屋买受价格的8%收取租金。
3）第三个五年租金：每年按房屋买受价格的9%收取租金。
2、租金每半年支付一次，即15年共分30期支付，合同签订当月起算；
租金由乙方于每期第一个月10号之前将租金存入甲方指定账户（指定账户由甲方提供、双方签字确认，见附件4）；
因甲方场地常年闲置，需要进行整修及重新招商方可投入使用，经双方协商一致，首期免3个月租金，即首期实付租金为3个月租金，实际使用6个月，自签订之日起10日内由乙方向甲方支付，第二期从6个月之后起算；从前期届满之日起提前十日内支付，逾期每日按所拖欠租金的千分之一计算违约金直至支付清全部租金时止；
3、在租赁期内，因租赁商铺所产生的水、电、卫生费、物业管理费由乙方自行承担。
4、租金所产生的税金由乙方承担。
5、租赁期间，甲乙双方均不得借故解除合同，如甲方因改建、扩建要收回房屋，必须提前3个月书面通知乙方，并取得乙方同意，并承担违约责任。如乙方需退还也必须提前3个月书面通知甲方，并取得甲方同意，并承担违约责任。
五、甲方的权利与义务
1、租赁期间，甲方不得再与其他第三方签订商铺租赁合同，或者以其他方式使用该商铺；
2、甲方保证出租给乙方的商铺能够从事商业经营；
3、甲方须妥善处理好与长沙乔尔登商贸有限公司之间的租赁关系，长沙乔尔登商贸有限公司所欠甲方租金由甲方找长沙乔尔登商贸有限公司自行解决；
4、甲方应在乙方第一次支付租金之日将上述商铺交付乙方；
5、租赁期满，乙方未续租的，甲方有权收回房屋。乙方在租赁期内添置的可以移动、拆除的设备设施归乙方所有，乙方应在租赁期满后30日内搬离，逾期按应付租金标准五倍计算违约金。
6、租赁期间，乙方应负责房屋主体结构的正常维修。若乙方拖延维修造成房屋毁损，造成甲方损失的，由乙方赔偿。其室内的各种设施（包括门窗）维修费用均由乙方负责；
7、甲方10位授权代表承诺已取得签署本协议的合法授权，如果出现因联系不上而未能签署授权委托书的 2 户业主对本协议提出异议或阻止本协议履行的情况，甲方10位授权代表愿意出面协调，与乙方一起妥善解决。
六、乙方的权利与义务
1、乙方按照本合同约定使用房屋，不承担商铺自然损耗的赔偿责任；
2、乙方在不破坏商铺原主体结构和安全的基础上，有权根据营业需要对上述房屋进行装修，甲方不得干涉；
3、乙方经营过程中所产生的费用、税收、债务均由乙方自行承担；
4、乙方不得利用上述房屋从事非法经营及任何违法犯罪活动；
5、按本协议第四条约定支付租金。
6、本协议履行期间，乙方有权以乙方的名义将鸿信大厦商业裙楼（包括本协议租赁标的物）对外招商、招租，在正常支付甲方租金的情况下，收益权归乙方所有。
7、在本协议履行期间，如甲方或乙方出售本协议约定的租赁商铺，乙方或甲方在同等条件下有优先购买权。如乙方出售商铺，甲方有权选择继续履行合同或者与他人重新签订委托租赁合同。
七、续租
租赁期满，甲方如有意续租，则乙方在同等条件下有优先续租权，但必须在租赁期满前的二个月向甲方提出书面要求。
八、合同的变更和解除
1、乙方有下列情形之一的，甲方有权解除合同；
1） 未按约定期限交付租金，超过 60 天以上的。
2） 从事非法经营及违法犯罪活动的。
2、甲方有下列情形之一的，乙方有权解除合同：
1）甲方不交付或者迟延交付租赁房屋20天以上的’。
2）在乙方未违约的情况下，甲方业主阻止乙方经营，影响乙方正常经营的
3、在租赁期限内，有下列情况之一的，双方均可变更或解除合同：
1）甲、乙双方协商一致，书面变更或解除本合同。
2）因不可抗力因素致使房屋及其附属设施严重受损，致使本合同不能继续履行的。
3）在租赁期间，乙方承租的商铺被征收、征用或被拆迁的。
九、违约责任及赔偿
1、符合本合同第八条第1、2项的约定，非违约方有权解除合同，由违约方按当年租金的200% 支付违约金，违约金从解除合同之日起算，违约金不足以弥补经济损失的，还应赔偿对方的经济损失。
2、租赁期满，乙方应如期交还该房屋，交还房屋应能保证正常经营。如乙方超过第五条第5项规定交付的，甲方有权要求乙方按当年租金的 五倍 支付违约金，违约金不足以弥补经济损失的，还应赔偿经济损失。
十、本合同未尽事宜，可经双方协商签订补充协议，补充协议与合同具有同等效力。
十一、本合同在履行中发生纠纷，应通过双方协商解决；协商不成，可诉请人民法院处理。
十二、本合同一式十三份，甲方十一份，乙方两份，自签订日起生效。
出租方（甲方）：承租方（乙方）：
代表人/代理人：
签约日期： 20xx年 7 月 22 日
房屋租赁协议 篇2
甲方：（以下简称甲方） 乙方：（以下简称乙方）
甲、乙双方经充分友协商，同意就房屋租赁事项订立本协议，以资共同遵守。
一、甲方将座落武汉市武昌区司门口解放路527号自有房租给乙方使用，租金为每月元，租期为年，由 年 月 日至 年 月 日止，本协议一经双方签字生效后，乙方应交押金人民币元给甲方，租赁终止后甲方根据本协议条款验收无误，将押金退还乙方，押金不计利息。
二、本着先付租金后使用的原则，乙方支付给甲方的租金按每____月支付一次人民币元，支付时应提前若发生与本房屋有关的产权纠纷，由甲方负责清理，并承担一切诉讼责任。
三、乙方不得以任何理由将该房屋转租、转让、转借和抵押给他（她）人使用，否则甲方有权收回房屋并终止本协议。乙方在租赁期间需对该房屋在不影响房屋结构和安全的`前提下，若对房屋进行装修或改造，需事先征得甲方和消防安全等有关部门的同意方可进行，其费用由乙方自理。在租赁期满或提前终止协议时，乙方应保持房屋使用期间原结构无损，对门窗、墙壁、吊顶地面等与房屋直接粘连的装饰不得毁坏，乙方所购设备归乙方所有。
四、乙方不得利用承租该房屋期间进行非法活动或损害公共利益。
五、乙方在租赁期间所发生的电费、水费、治安费、清洁费、门前三包费及其它所有费用由乙方承担，乙方租赁期间所发生的一切债权债务与甲方无关。
六、乙方在租赁期间，因使用不当或其它人为造成的原因，而使该房屋或他（她）人的人身和财产损失，由乙方负责赔偿和给予修复。
七、租赁期间，如因国家建设等政策性因素需要对该房屋拆迁和改造，本协议自然终止。
八、乙方拥有租赁期满后，在同等条件下有优先续租权。
九、以上条款双方共同遵守，任何一方未能履行协议条款规定，视作违约论处，另一方有权提前解除本协议，所造成的损失由责任一方承担赔偿。
十、本协议未尽事宜，甲乙双方另行议定，其补充协议经双方签字后具有同等效力。本协议一式份，甲、乙双方各执份，本协议经甲、乙双方签字后生效。
甲方（签章）：乙方（签章）：
联系电话：身份证号码：
联系电话：
年 月 日
房屋租赁协议 篇3
甲方：身份证号：
乙方：
经甲乙双方友好协商，为发展经济，甲方愿将枫林三路1480号（雷锋村招待所）二楼、三楼租赁给乙方共同经营，经双方协商，达成如下协议：
1、甲方将上述房屋租赁给乙方使用，并共同合作经营。
2、租赁期暂订5年，即从20xx年1月1日起至20xx年12月31日止。
3、甲方租赁给乙方年度租金为壹拾玖万元整（￥190000.00元）合同期内甲方不得以任何理由增加租金，如遇房屋纠纷由甲方全权负责，所造成的一切损失归甲方承担。
4、第一年租金乙方应在20xx年3月4日一次性支付壹拾玖万元整整年租金，第220.127.116.11年的租金乙方须在上一年度的’12月31日以前一次性付清。
5、租赁期间乙方须依照国家法律，合法经营，水、电等一切费用由乙方承担，承租期内乙方所产生的债权、债务与甲方无任何关系。
6、承租期内乙方因管理不善，给甲方房屋造成严重损失，经相关部门核实损失后，乙方
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. If we do observe Communion often, then we need to make sure that we make every effort to keep before our minds and hearts the significance of what we are doing, remembering our great God and Saviour.
2) DANGER #2--Not Having Communion Often Enough
If Communion is not observed often enough, then we lose the blessing of it. Also we are not obeying our Lord who told us to remember His death and to do it often (1 Corinthians 11:25-26). We don't want to neglect our duty to remember our Lord as He commanded.
Because we do not want to miss the blessing of Communion and because we do not want to lose the meaning of Communion, our local church observes Communion about once every month (about 12 times a year). At the same time we do not want to look down upon or wrongly judge other Bible believing churches that have decided to observe Communion less often or more often than we do.
A BACKWARD LOOKlooking back to the cross to see and to remember what the Lord Jesus has done for me by the offering up of His body and the shedding of His precious blood (1 Peter 1:18-19; 2:24; 3:18; 2 Corinthians 5:21; Ephesians 1:7; Matthew 26:28).
AN UPWARD LOOKlooking unto Jesus who is presently doing a work for me as my Intercessor (Hebrews 7:25; Romans 8:34) and Advocate (1 John 2:1-2), having sat down at the right hand of the Father (Hebrews 1:3; 8:1).
A FORWARD LOOKlooking for Jesus (Titus 2:13) and expecting and waiting (1 Corinthians 1:7-8) for what He will do as He comes again to complete the great work of salvation which He began in me (Philippians 1:6; 3:20-21). Paul said that when believers partake of Communion they are showing (proclaiming) the Lords death till He _______________ (1 Corinthians 11:26). Thus Communion looks back to the cross and looks ahead to His coming again.
AN INWARD LOOKlooking at what Jesus is doing in me (1 Cor. 11:27-32; Phil. 2:13).
The believer must "E__________________ himself" (1 Corinthians 11:28). This means that I must put myself to the test. I must put myself on trial. I must examine myself to make sure my heart is right with the Lord. I must recognize that "in me dwelleth no good thing" (Romans 7:18), but I must also recognize that I have a great Saviour who makes me clean (1 John 1:7,9)! The believer must also "J_____________ himself" (1 Corinthians 11:31). This means that I must judge myself thoroughly. I must confess any known sins and also acknowledge that I am guilty before a holy God. I must also confess that my Saviour died for me and paid the penalty for all my sin. I cannot shake hands with God (as it were) apart from Christ, but through Christ (and because of His cross) I can have access to God and I can enjoy fellowship with God. If a person fails to "examine himself" and to "judge himself," and if a person fails to come to God through the cross, then this person is partaking of the Lords table in an unworthy manner (1 Corinthians 11:27). He is missing out on the blessing and the meaning and the fellowship of the Communion service and God may need to chasten him (a reference to the Father's loving discipline)see 1 Corinthians 11:30-32.
The next time you take Communion you can think about these four "looks":
1) A BACKWARD LOOK--"Thank You Lord for what You did for me on the cross."
2) AN UPWARD LOOK--"Thank You Lord that You are my Saviour, my Lord, my Helper, and my Keeper right now."
3) A FORWARD LOOK--"Thank You Lord that you are coming again, perhaps even today."
4) AN INWARD LOOK--"Thank You Lord that if I confess my sins You are faithful and just to forgive my sins and cleanse me from all unrighteousness." (See 1 John 1:9.)
|Done only once||Done many times|
|Done at the beginning of the Christian life||Done throughout the Christian life|
See Romans 6:3-4. The believer is identified with Jesus Christ.
|Key Word: COMMUNION (fellowship) See 1 Corinthians 10:16; 11:28,31. The believer is able to fellowship with Jesus Christ.|
|Because of the cross I have a new life!||Because of the cross I can enjoy the new life that I have!|
|I am a new creature in Christ!||I need to walk as a new creature in Christ!|
|My STANDING (POSITION) in Christ is perfect! God sees me in His perfect Son!||My actual STATE is not always what it should be. I need to "examine myself" and "judge myself" to make sure that I come to God through the cross and stay in fellowship with Him (1 Cor. 11:28-32; 1 John 1:5-9).|
Some final questions for class discussion or for home assignment:
What does water baptism picture? What does Communion picture?
Who should be baptized in water? Who should not be?
Who should take Communion? Who should not take Communion?
What does water baptism do for a person? What does Communion do for a person?
Why is a person only baptized in water once? Why does a believer take Communion many times?
If you have not been baptized, why not?
If you have never taken Communion, why not?
How would you explain water baptism to a brand new believer who has just received Christ as Saviour but who does not know anything about baptism? How would you explain Communion to this person?
Go to the Next Lesson--Lesson 19Posted by by Saving the Spoon-billed Sandpiper
An Anglo-Russian team has successfully trialled conservation methods that will pave the way for Critically Endangered Spoon-billed Sandpipers to be reared and released into the wild.
For the trials an international field team of ornithologists took eggs from the wild. Twenty eggs were flown back to the UK to boost the conservation breeding programme. Nine more were successfully hatched and reared in the nearest tundra village, Meinypil’gyno, before being released as fledglings to make their 8,000km migration to Burma.
The aviary built for the young birds on the tundra. © Anastasia Sestnova
During the trial the team perfected the methods needed to rear the birds in captivity on the remote Russian tundra. The success of the trials has been in seeing the birds set off on migration, paving the way for eggs laid in the UK in the future, as part of the conservation breeding programme, to be flown to Russia, hatched and released into the wild.
WWT aviculturist Roland Digby worked with Juriy Bragin of Moscow Zoo and Liza Tambovtseva of Birds Russia to oversee the project and perfect the techniques. Speaking on his return to the UK he said:
“We worked round the clock to keep the chicks alive and healthy. It was wonderful to release them and watch them as they found their way in the wild, but it was definitely tinged with anxiety, knowing the terrible threats they face.”
“I just have to remind myself that we’d given those particular birds a far safer start in life and that as a result we’ve learned so much that is going to be critical to the future of their species.”
Ringing one of the spoon-billed sandpipers before releasing it into the wild. © Anastasia Sestnova
There are thought to be fewer than 100 breeding pairs of Spoon-billed Sandpipers left in the world and, in recent years, they have been declining by more than one in four each year.
The rear and release methods, coined ‘headstarting’ within the conservation world, effectively protect the young birds from predators and sudden bad weather. In the wild, out of every 20 eggs laid, just three birds survive long enough to migrate away from the breeding grounds. This summer the headstarting trial reared and released nine Spoon-billed Sandpipers from 11 eggs.
Roland Digby continued:
“Predation by skuas, foxes, dogs and even bears has a massive effect on the birds, but it is small beans compared with the effect of land reclamation along the coast of the Yellow Sea, which has wrecked the main place they stop to feed on their long migration.”
“The other major threat they face is in Myanmar and Bangladesh but, thankfully, initial reports indicate that measures to discourage hunters there from targeting shorebirds like Spoon-billed Sandpipers seem to be working.”
“As headstarting boosts the number of birds migrating south to Myanmar over the next few years, just as those conservation measures start to take effect, it is hoped it will speed up the birds’ recovery. £150,000 is still needed to run the project again next year. Donations can be made online.”
A spoon-billed sandpiper post-release. © Anastasia Sestnova
The loss of habitat in the Yellow Sea is a much more challenging problem. As the economies around its coastline develop rapidly, great tracts of mudflats have been encircled by seawalls and converted for industry, agriculture and recreation. Last month WWT, RSPB and others fighting for the survival of the Spoon-billed Sandpiper were at the IUCN World Conservation Congress in Jeju, Korea to lobby for better use of habitats along the Yellow Sea coast. As a result the IUCN adopted two new motions, which it is hoped will set the international conservation agenda.
To follow the project visit www.saving-spoon-billed-sandpiper.com
The Anglo-Russian team monitoring the birds after release. © Anastasia Sestnova
Media Release issued on behalf of WWT, RSPB, Birds Russia, Moscow Zoo, BTO, BirdLife International, ArcCona Consulting and the Spoon-billed Sandpiper Task Force.2018-03-20 10:06:00 出处 : 论坛
据彭博社北京时间3月20日报道，美国当地时间3月19日，一辆自动驾驶汽车在美国亚利桑那州坦佩发生交通事故并造成一名女性行人死亡后，打车服务Uber暂停了其自动驾驶汽车测试活动。这可能是首起自动驾驶汽车致行人死亡的交通事故。
据坦佩警察局称，今年49岁的伊莱恩·赫茨伯格(Elaine Herzberg)当时在人行横道之外穿过马路，一辆Uber自动驾驶汽车撞向了她。Uber自动驾驶汽车中坐有一名安全驾驶员。
在事故发生后，赫茨伯格被送到附近一家医院抢救，后因抢救无效死亡。坦佩警察局发言人莉莉安娜·杜兰(Liliana Duran)在一份声明中表示，“Uber在协助警方，这一事故仍然在调查中。”
Uber当地时间星期一表示，它将暂停在匹兹堡、旧金山、多伦多和凤凰城地区公路上的所有自动驾驶汽车测试活动。Uber一名发言人表示，“我们对死者家属深表同情，并将全力配合当地警方对事故的调查。”
包括Alphabet、通用汽车、Uber和百度在内的公司，在自动驾驶汽车开发方面投入了数十亿美元资金，因为这一技术可能改变汽车产业，甚至是交通方式和城市的运行。一名分析师曾估计，Alphabet旗下自动驾驶汽车业务部门Waymo估值至少为700亿美元。发生在坦佩的这起致行人死亡的交通事故，可能放缓自动驾驶汽车测试的步伐，推迟商业化的时间，影响对自动驾驶汽车发展的乐观情绪。
由于亚利桑那、德克萨斯等州对自动驾驶汽车的监管相对宽松，企业都希望首先将这一技术商业化，对自动驾驶汽车的测试已经扩大到情况更复杂的城市地区。
纽约大学商学院教授阿伦·桑达拉拉扬(Arun Sundararajan)表示，“我们仍然处于了解自动驾驶汽车优点的阶段。每当一种新技术问世时，总会出现一些意料之外的情况。尽管人类也会犯错误，但我们对这些错误已经有了很长时间的了解。”
美国国家交通安全委员会将对这起致行人死亡的交通事故展开调查，已经向坦佩派遣了一支调查小队。美国交通部旗下美国国家公路交通安全管理局也派出了一支交通事故调查团队。
美国国家交通安全委员会每年只调查少数几起交通事故，但一直在密切关注与自动驾驶汽车有关的交通事故。去年，它认定特斯拉Autopilot在2016年一起致人死亡的交通事故中负有部分责任。
美国国家交通安全委员会对自动驾驶汽车问世的谨慎态度，与交通部形成了鲜明对比。交通部去年修订了自动驾驶汽车法规，目的是为自动驾驶汽车的测试扫清障碍。
行业组织汽车安全中心执行主任詹森·莱文(Jason Levine)表示，“我们总是想知道真相，但根据媒体报道，发生的交通事故正是我们所担忧的，在城市道路上测试自动驾驶汽车，肯定会出现这类交通事故。这将使消费者对科技的信心倒退数年甚至数十年。技术的发展需要放慢脚步。”
凤凰城地区是测试自动驾驶汽车的“沃土”。去年，Waymo——已经在凤凰城地区进行了数年测试——开始不再在自动驾驶汽车中配备安全驾驶员，向少量居民提供打车服务。通用汽车和Waymo发言人未就此置评。
亚利桑那州州长道格·杜西(Doug Ducey)发言人表示，“公共安全是我们最优先的任务，我们正在与执法机构——正在对事故进行调查并收集证据——和Uber沟通。”
Uber自动驾驶汽车过去也曾出过交通事故。去年，一辆汽车在坦佩卷入一起影响很大的交通事故后，Uber暂停了其自动驾驶汽车项目。Uber在这次事故中没有责任，交通事故也没有造成人员伤亡。
坦佩市长马克·米切尔(Mark Mitchell)星期一发表声明称，“坦佩一直支持自动驾驶汽车的测试工作，因为这一技术非常具有创新性，而且有前景。测试必须在确保安全的前提下进行。对过去所有交通事故的调查都表明，测试自动驾驶汽车的公司没有违反交通法。我们城市领导层和坦佩警察局将搞清事故的真相，确保未来的安全。”
比特焦点
邮件订阅Kitabın Adı Yüzbaşının Kızı Kitabın Yazarı Aleksandr PUŞKİN Yayınevi ve Adresi İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, İstanbul Basım Yılı 2001 KİTABIN ÖZETİ Eserde anlatılan olaylar Rusya'da, 1700'lü yıllarda Çariçe döneminde geçmektedir.
Yüzbaşının Kızı harika bir kitap. Bu kitabın yazarı Aleksandr Sergeyeviç Puşkin. mobilityweekbg.com'ye kaydolun ve Aleksandr Sergeyeviç Puşkin'den Yüzbaşının Kızı kitabını ve diğer kitapları ücretsiz olarak indirin.
Yüzbaşının Kızı, konusu on sekizinci yüzyılın ikinci yarısında Rusya'yı tehdit eden Kazak ve köylü isyanları döneminde geçen tarihsel bir roman. Tarihsel roman "geleneğine" göre kısa sayılabilecek bu metin, edebiyat tarihçilerince gene de Tolstoy'un Savaş ve Barış'ının öncüsü sayılmaktadır. Sadece ülkemizde değil, Rusya dışında da şiirleriyle bilinen ve Rus dilinin ve edebiyatının yepyeni bir aşamaya geçmesinde önayak olan Puşkin, isyancı Pugaçov ile soylu sınıf üyesi genç bir subayın kaderlerini bu tarihsel fonda birbirine düğümlerken, Rus edebiyatının en iyi tarihsel romanlarından birini dünya okuruna armağan etmiştir. Yüzbaşının Kızı: Savaş da bir sınavdır.(Tanıtım Bülteninden)Sayfa Sayısı: 164Baskı Yılı: 2014Dili: Türkçe
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to small changes in temperature.
- Their R-T (Resistance – Temperature) characteristic is very well defined and can be readily programmed.
- High level of stability and repeatability.
- Lower cost to accuracy ratio than other sensor types
- Available in a wide choice of form formats and sensor assemblies to suit applications or manufacturing.
This makes them the temperature sensor of choice for numerous applications including fire & safety, medical, consumer appliance, and e-mobility applications.
There are numerous variables you could consider when selecting the right NTC for your application – these are a good place to start!
Many of our thermistor designs have become industry benchmarks, with 1% resistance tolerances or better as standard:
our high accuracy AP and SP series NTCs offer interchangeable, R-T curve matched temperature accuracy from 0~70°C or wider.
Depending on your application, we offer small bead Semitec NT glass encapsulated thermistors for moisture resistance, and accurate high temperature monitoring from -50° C to + 300° C. Our miniature Semitec FT SMD outperforms conventional SMD thermistors due to their miniature size, extreme thinness and high heat resistance
These are NTCs which have flexible insulation to help simplify product assembly or provide unique monitoring solutions. Using flexible thermistors will help to speed up assembly and thus minimise production handling costs., particularly in space-critical projects. Their small bead size give faster, accurate sensing and/or temperature control in numerous domestic and commercial applications. Our most popluar flexible NTCs include the Semitec AT-4 and Semitec JT
For surface mount applications, our SMD KT series NTC chips and ultra thin-film FT thermistors offer miniature sensor control options with package sizes down to EIA 0402 (EIAJ 1005) or smaller. These very small sizes ensure a fast response to temperature change.
Our popular rigid-lead /pcb/ through hole NTCs are ideal for PCB mounting and incorporation into temperature sensors. When SMDs cannot offer the accuracy required, our radial lead designs can sense or control down to ±0.2°C or better. A comprehensive range of R25 resistance values, B values and bespoke lengths, also in tape/reel format.
If your application requires an NTC within specific housing ATC Semitec offer a range of temperature sensor assemblies designed to fit your application – IP67/IP88 rated waterproof sensor assemblies, ring terminal assemblies for surface temperature sensing and immersion, in-line and clip-on temperature sensors for water/liquid temperature monitoring.
Click here for our complete range
Need more general technical information about Thermistors ? Click here to visit our Frequently Asked Questions page, or have a quick read of a recent blog.
Call us today on 01606 871680 or complete the Contact us form, to discuss your application’s thermal sensor requirements. Using our extensive technical knowledge and innovative supplier base, we will work with you to provide the optimum solution for your product.小爱家庭背景及个人经历
小爱
出生于新疆阿克苏市，大学时期同宿舍另外三人组成cucn201配音组合，并制作《搞笑漫画日和》中文配音系列。
创造了如“给力”这样的流行词汇，因此为网友熟知。小爱毕业后在上海台工作，一年后开始北漂生活，随后与白客
一同签约万合天宜，向导演和演员的方向发展，并参演多部网络影
视作品。
小爱个人资料简介 小爱家庭背景及个人经历
小爱演艺经历
2010年，获得江苏卫视
百度网络沸点年度创意搭档，和摩登上海潮盛典年度潮流关键词奖。2011年12月21日，导演微电影《意外》。
2012年8月10日，执导并出演喜剧电影《那些年狂追我的女孩》。12月6日，出演《释魔杖》和《搞笑漫画日和》的配音。同年，和叫兽易小星
共同执导微电影《意外》。
2013年8月6日，出演万合天宜与优酷出品共同出品的迷你剧《万万没想到
》。12月19日，在《报告老板！》中饰演一位奇才编剧、陈真等角色，在番外篇中饰演的死神，并演唱《死神叫》。
小爱个人资料简介 小爱演艺经历
2014年1月4日，出演《万万没想到之小兵过年》。在同年5月29日播出的网络剧《高科技少女喵》中，饰演了主角李柯南的远房大表哥。7月1日，出演《万万没想到第二季》，并为《十万个冷笑话》配音，7月23出演了网络剧《学姐知道》。11月20，主演的网络剧《报告老板！贺岁篇》播出，继续出演奇才王牌
编剧。
2015年2月25日，主演由至尊玉
执导的古装推理单元喜剧《名侦探狄仁杰》，小爱在剧中将饰演智力超群、却生性自由散漫、极度自恋的狄仁杰。2015年9月24日，参演由马诗歌指导的民国奇闻喜剧《大侠黄飞鸿》。
小爱个人资料简介 小爱演艺经历
2016年，主演唯美仙侠系列网络电影《调香师》，在片场迎来了自己的30岁生日。同年12月，参演由万合天宜制作的原创科学武侠大剧《西涯侠》，饰演苍穹派少主岳昊。
2017年，小爱与孔连顺一同为《鲜肉老师》献唱宣传曲MV《你服气最好》。2017年7月27日上映的“建国三部曲”系列的第三部《建军大业
》中饰演叶剑英。
小爱个人资料简介 小爱演艺经历
小爱媒体评价
与白客同属cucn201组合的小爱，他既是气质优雅的儒士，又是帅气逼人的纯爷们，内敛兼豪放，被誉为中国好帅哥的典范（腾讯网评）。
如果要给《万万没想到》中的所有男演员按照帅气程度做一个排名的话，小爱一定是数一数二的。而观众们眼中的“万合美男子”小爱，拥有的不仅是帅气的脸庞，身为公司内容部总监的他也是万合天宜创作的智囊（凤凰网评）。
他性感中略带一点中二，能温情也能耍宝，被粉丝称做“几千万个人里也只有你
一个”。他务实却很低调，担得了创作主力也力求精益求精，被导演叫兽易小星比作剧组中“沉稳的存在”。其实小爱在现实中是一个比较低调的人物，他算不上最活跃，但是却可以说是最暖心（新华娱乐评）。David Golumbia, bitcoin savunucularını etkileyen fikirlerin, en iyi bitcoin belgeseli netflix Liberty Lobby ve John Birch Society ve muhalif-Merkez Bankası boş konuşması veya daha taze Ron Paul ve Çay Partisi tarzı liberterizm gibi sağ uç aşırılık yanlısı hareketlerden ortaya çıktığını söylüyor.
Hiç şüphe yok ki, en iyi bitcoin belgeseli netflix rush'ın dijital para birimlerine katılmanın yüzlerce yolu var, sadece bitcoin exchange web sitesi kripto para birimlerinin gelecekteki gelişimi için önemli bir büyüklüğe sahip.By Dan W. Peery
In the early days of Oklahoma the writer remembers having heard an enthusiastic and verbose public orator say, "A whole lot of things have come to pass that would not have come to pass if certain things had not transpired." This was self-evident and would admit of no argument for most every event depends upon something that has gone before. Small and apparently inconsequential events often change the trend of individual lives. The plans, ambitions and future careers that are cherished by youth are often turned awry, and the mature man finds himself an altogether different person with different thoughts and different ideals. Sometimes human destiny is but the culmination of a long series of events and, so it would seem, the future of a whole people is determined by unforseen things which at the time seemed of but little consequence.
Oklahoma as we know it today is but the culmination of a long series of events—events that were not co-ordinated and did not seem to have any relation to each other. It is certain that neither the politicians, who had in mind only temporary expediency, nor the statesmen who had broader views of government, looking to the future, and whose ideals were based upon eternal principles, ever intended that the country now known as Oklahoma should be settled by the white race and admitted to the Union as one of the sovereign states. This thought was too far ahead for the men who were making the laws in the first half of the 19th century. Was not a great and rich state here in the land of the west ordained by an over-ruling Providence, running like a thread through all these events tending to one end—the adding of the 46th star to the American flag? Oklahoma was certainly not an accident. Then it must have been destiny—a decree of Providence that could not have been averted by treaties or by laws created by legislative bodies.
It would seem almost providential that Oklahoma and in fact the country west of the Mississippi is included in the United
States of America, rather than being a part of the Spanish domain or a colony of France or else a part of the British possession. When President Jefferson nominated Robert R. Livingston, "an able and honorable man," to quote the words of Jefferson, as minister plenipotentiary to France for the purpose of negotiating a treaty with France that would give the United States possession of the mouth of the Mississippi River and make the river free for the commerce of America, France had only recently acquired the country west of the Mississippi from Spain. In fact the transfer had not been entirely closed. It has been said that, at that time, one-third of our agricultural exports were shipped from the port at the mouth of the Mississippi, and in the past our government had been having some misunderstanding with Spain as to our exports from New Orleans. Secretary of State, Madison, in a letter to our Minister to Spain speaks of "the spoilations committed on our trade, for which Spain is held responsible, are known to be already of great amount," and to have an understanding with France as to our rights on the river and at the shipping port was one object to be included in a treaty with France. We have no records official or unofficial that President Jefferson gave Robert R. Livingston plenary authority to buy all the land west of the Mississippi included in the territory that now constitutes fourteen states in the Union. What the private understanding was as to the negotiations with the diplomats of France will always be in doubt. Jefferson was a strict constructionist and he had never found any authority granted in the constitution that would authorize the president to buy another country,—nor had he found anything in that instrument that would prevent the sovereign authority from buying a continent. Livingston found everything favorable and the proposition of buying the whole of Louisiana practically fell into his hands. While these negotiations were pending Jefferson appointed James Monroe, with full power to represent the United States, to assist Livingston in negotiating the deal for the "cession of New Orleans and Florida to the United States and the establishment of the Mississippi as the boundary between the United States and Louisiana." It was quite evident that the administration at Washington did not know the extent of the treaty and the vast domain that Livingston was negotiating for in the treaty. In fact the negotiations between Livingston representing the United States and Napoleon,
represented by his sagacious diplomat, Talleyrand, had been practically agreed upon before the arrival of Monroe. When Monroe arrived he fully approved of Livingston's agreement with the French government. It would seem by reading the story of the Louisiana purchase that even our representatives were not so anxious to secure the whole of that vast territory, but they were getting what they went after, and this great unknown part of the country was wished off on them. Could this, while anxious to acquire everything west of the Mississippi, yet seeming not to want it, have been Livingston's shrewd way of trading? That Livingston did fully realize the plenary importance of the treaty, I will quote from his own words: "We have lived long but this is the noblest work of our whole lives."
The western boundary of that vast country was not known, but in a general way it was to extend to the mountains. When that great treaty was signed April 30, 1803, the United States came into possession of all the country from the Mississippi west as far as Spain made claims before that Nation sold Louisiana to France. Somewhere along the south line of the domain conveyed was the future Oklahoma. The signing of this treaty was the initial movement that not only made Oklahoma a state in the Union, but also added Missouri, Iowa, Arkansas, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota, and Louisiana, and while the western boundary line is indefinite, yet a part of Colorado, Wyoming, Montana, North Dakota and Minnesota was also included in the bounds of the Louisiana purchase. Although it would be useless to try to surmise, yet if the United States had not acquired this vast territory, it would now either be a French colony or else belong to Great Britain and be a part of the Dominion of Canada and Oklahoma—Oh, well, it would be profitless to surmise further!
This treaty had hardly been ratified until a movement was started to remove all the Indians east of the Mississippi to the newly acquired land in the west. Even Jefferson expressed himself often that if he could move the Indians west and found a new Indian territory west of the river, it would remove the immediate cause of Indian wars. Probably the reason that appealed mostly to those early settlers was, if the Indians were removed west, their reservations could be settled upon by white people and the danger of future Indian wars would be abated.
The government at once began negotiations with the chiefs of the many tribes of Indians that had their reservations around the great lakes and in Illinois, Wisconsin, and even in New York, to exchange their lands for land west of the Mississippi. Some of the smaller tribes agreed to go voluntarily and some bands and family groups of Indians migrated west without any definite agreement with the government. It took several years to negotiate these Indian treaties and to find suitable land on which to locate the various tribes. Most of the reservations for these Indians from the east side of the Mississippi, were selected in the territory that afterwards became Kansas and Nebraska. In the negotiations with the Sac and Fox Indians the government had trouble which resulted in what is known as the Black Hawk War. There were two factions in the "hyphenated tribe"—one recognized Keokuk as chief and the other faction took orders from Black Hawk. Keokuk and his followers accepted the government's edict and located on a large reservation in Iowa (soon to be taken from them, however). As to which faction was right we do not have space to discuss the question, but having recently read an autobiography of Chief Black Hawk, the writer finds himself a convert to the side of this intelligent Chief. I am sure that if he could have presented the case of the United States vs. Black Hawk to an unprejudiced jury, it would have decided in favor of the defendant.
The reason I have spoken of all these northern tribes is that their final location was in Oklahoma and their civilization and education became an Oklahoma problem. While I have spoken first of the smaller tribes and their removal, yet this was only secondary to the great migration of the Five Civilized tribes—all locating in the territory that is now the State of Oklahoma. I will not attempt to discuss the question, or the many questions involved in the movement of the Five tribes. There are many books in the libraries giving the history of this great epochal event and the Chronicles has published many articles, written by historians, to which every research student has access.
The title to land given to the Indian tribes located in Oklahoma was different to that given to the smaller tribes that had been located in Kansas and Nebraska by executive order. The Choctaws, Cherokees, and Creeks were each given a patent to
their reservations signed by the president and the secretary of state. The Creeks afterwards conveyed a part of their reservation to the Seminoles while the Choctaws deeded, with the consent of the United States, that part of their reservation known as the Chickasaw district to the Chickasaws. Each of the Five tribes set up their own tribal government, fashioned after the government of the United States, with legislative, judicial and executive departments.
When these Indians were moved, all of Kansas, as well as the Indian territory, was called Indian territory. The lines had not been established on the east or north as we know them today. Many white settlers had located in the Territory of Arkansas which had at that time no definite western boundary. Some of the early settlers had selected their homesteads across the line in to the territory that had been patented to the Cherokees. In fact Lovell County, Arkansas, lapped over in to what is now Oklahoma.1
Acting under the provisions of the Cherokee treaty of 1828, the Rev. Isaac McCoy, a missionary among the Cherokees, who was also a civil engineer, made a survey to establish the boundaries of the lands acquired by the Cherokees including the outlet west to the 100th meridian. The Kansas-Nebraska bill, which had much to do with the subject of "Free soil and slavery," became a law in 1854. This bill fixed the south line of Kansas on the 37th degree of north latitude. The Surveyor General of the United States designated Gen. Joseph E. Johnston as chief engineer to make a survey that would fix the south line of Kansas. This survey being made under government authority is the established south line of Kansas, but there is a discrepancy
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clients as a group. Multicast is an extension of DHCP and uses a multicast address range of 22.214.171.124 to 126.96.36.199.
The IP addresses in a scope that are available for lease.
A group of IP address in the scope that are excluded from leasing. Excluded addresses are normally used to give hardware devices, such as routers, a static IP address.
A means for assigning a permanent IP address to a particular client, server, or hardware device. Reservations are typically made for servers or hardware devices that need a static IP address.
The amount of time that a client may use an IP address before the client must re-lease the IP address or request another one.
As with other networking components in Windows 2000 Server, you can install DHCP in either of two ways:
- Using Add/Remove Programs in the Control Panel
- Using the Configure Your Server tool
Like most other Windows 2000 components, DHCP functions as a Microsoft Management Console (MMC) snap-in. After you install DHCP, you must configure the service for operation.
To open the DHCP Manager, click Start --> Programs --> Administrative Tools --> DHCP. The right pane within the snap-in tells you that you must configure the service.
DHCP does not begin leasing IP addresses and it is not functional until an administrator configures it.به گزارش میز نفت ، وزیر انرژی قطر گفت، اوپک و متحدانش باید محدودیت های عرضه نفت را حفظ کنند تا تداوم قیمت نفت در سطح قابل قبول خود را که موجب افزایش سرمایه گذاری در صنعت نفت و جلوگیری از وقوع شوک عرضه و قیمت در دراز مدت خواهد شد تضمین نمایند.
محمد السدا، وزیر انرژی قطر گفت، وی نیز از ایده ایجاد یک چهارچوب دائمی برای همکاری های اوپک با روسیه بعد از خاتمه دوره فعلی کاهش تولید نفت حمایت می کند.
وی افزود: «به وضوح شاهد ترمیم قیمت نفت هستیم... اما این مسئله با افزایش سرمایه گذاری ها همراه نبوده است... سرمایه گذاری در صنع نفت بسیار پایین بوده است. نگرانی من این است که در میان مدت تا بلند مدت تقاضا به شکل مطلوبی پاسخ داده شود... سرمایه گذاران همچنان محتاط و بیش از حد محافظه کار هستند.»
سدا افزود، تقاضای جهانی برای نفت امسال حداقل 1.5 میلیون بشکه در روز یا 1.5 درصد افزایش خواهد یافت. اما سرمایه گذاری جهانی حدودا 400 میلیارد دلاری همچنان به اندازه کافی بالا نیست که بتواند جایگزین تولید از میادین قدیمی شود و پروژه های جدید را راه اندازی نماید.
«از نظر من ضرورت دارد که روند (همکاری های اوپک) حفظ شود... ما باید سرمایه گذاری ها را مجددا احیا کنیم. این ماه ها طول می کشد.»
به گفته وزیر انرژی قطر، کاهش تولید های اوپک کمک کرده تا میزان ذخایر نفتی جهان در کشورهای صنعتی از 350 میلیون بشکه بالاتر از متوسط 5 ساله به رقم 50 میلیون بشکه بالاتر از این میزان پایین بیاید.
السدا تصریح کرد، حتی با وجود نفت شیل بازار در حال حرکت به سمت توازن است.
منبع : تسنیم
شنبه ۱۸ فروردين ۱۳۹۷ ساعت ۰۹:۵۲Originally published in 1742, Observations upon Liberal Education is a significant contribution to the Scottish Enlightenment and the moral-sense school of Scottish philosophy.
In Observations, Turnbull applies the ideas of the Scottish Enlightenment to the education of youth. He shows how a liberal education fosters true “inward liberty” and moral strength and thus prepares us for responsible and happy lives in a free society.
George Turnbull (1698–1748) taught at Marischal College, Aberdeen.
Terrence O. Moore, Jr., is Principal of Ridgeview Classical Schools in Fort Collins, Colorado, and was formerly Assistant Professor of History at Ashland University in Ohio.Please note: This title is available as an ebook for purchase on Amazon, Barnes and Noble, and iTunes.Classification / Names
Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) > Perciformes
(Perch-likes) > Gobiidae
(Gobies) > Gobionellinae
Etymology: Brachygobius: Greek, brachys, eia = short + Latin, gobius = gudgeon (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Freshwater; brackish; demersal. Tropical; 25°C - ? (Ref. 2059)
Asia: northeastern Borneo (Ref. 7050) and Mekong delta, upstream as far as Cambodia (Ref. 12693).
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 1.8 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 12693)
Inhabits fresh and brackish waters, in areas of aquatic vegetation, including mangrove roots (Ref. 12693). Feeds on zooplankton (Ref. 12693). Not seen in markets (Ref. 12693).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Larson, H.K., 2001. A revision of the gobiid fish genus Mugilogobius (Teleostei: Gobioidei), and its systematic placement. Rec. West. Aust. Mus. (Suppl. No. 62):1-233. (Ref. 43716)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)
CITES (Ref. 115941)
Threat to humans
Fisheries: of no interest
Common namesSynonymsMetabolismPredatorsEcotoxicologyReproductionMaturitySpawningFecundityEggsEgg development
ReferencesAquacultureAquaculture profileStrainsGeneticsAllele frequenciesHeritabilityDiseasesProcessingMass conversion
Estimates of some properties based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805
= 0.5020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00871 (0.00392 - 0.01936), b=3.06 (2.87 - 3.25), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245
Trophic Level (Ref. 69278
): 3.4 ±0.45 se; Based on food items.
Resilience (Ref. 69278
): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Assuming Fec < 1,000).
Vulnerability (Ref. 59153
): Low vulnerability (10 of 100) .The sensitivity of body size to temperature measured in the lab, and body size trends seen in nature is a close match that explains arthropod body sizes change with temperature and latitude.
Existing global data was gathered together for a new research strongly support the idea that reduced oxygen availability in water causes aquatic animals to reduce their body size much more with warming than those on land.
AdvertisementThis new information could be significant in analysing the impact of climate change on animal species, as changes in body size with warming could affect many aspects of an animal's health, as well as alter the composition of ecologically and economically important ecosystems.
Curtis Horne, author of the research said, "Increasing our understanding of what influences how big animals grow will mean we can start to make better predictions about how different groups of species will cope with climate change. We see a really close match between lab experiments and patterns observed in nature, which suggests that the same factors are at play. It brings us a significant step closer to solving a problem that has long puzzled biologists."A guinea pig is dissected and a portion of its intestine is fixed in the modified Dales chamber to study the effects of some drugs on intestinal contractility. A substance X was infused in the broth following which the graph comes out as depicted. Substance X most closely resembles which of these substances?
Ans: A. Epinephrine
(Ref: Goodman Gilman 12/e p188, 285: Katzung 13/e p89, 12/e p90; KDT 7/e p132, 6/e p120)
- Graph showng decreased contractility after infusion of substance X.
- Intestinal muscles show increase in contractility on action of acetylcholine on M3 receptors whil
- epinephrine inhibits contraction.
- Hence, the substance X is likely to be a sympathomimetic drug, i.e. Epinephrine.هدف بخش «سایتخوان دنیای اقتصاد» گسترش اطلاعرسانی است و انتشار این مطلب به معنی تأیید محتوای آن نیست.
بیانیه باشگاه سپاهان درباره حمله به اتوبوس پرسپولیس
باشگاه سپاهان در رابطه با اتفاقات پیش از بازی ذوبآهن و پرسپولیس بیانیهای صادر کرد که متن این بیانیه به شرح زیر است:
ضمن ابراز تاسف از اتفاق مشکوک و زشت پرتاب ترقه به اتوبوس تیم پرسپولیس در خارج شهر اصفهان در مسیر فولادشهر، ضمن محکوم کردن این اقدام ناپسند و هرگونه حرکت و عملی که بخواهد روند برگزاری مسابقات را در هر شهری تحت تاثیر قرار دهد، از عوامل انتظامی و امنیتی درخواست می نماید در ارتباط با این موضوع پیگیریها و اقدامات لازم را به صورت ویژه انجام دهند.
ضمناً هرگونه نشانه رفتن افراد، سایتها، صفحات مجازی و ... در مورد منتسب کردن این اقدام زشت به سمت هرشخص و هر باشگاهی را ناثواب دانسته و معتقدیم این امر باید توسط نهادهای انتظامی و امنیتی مورد بررسی و عوامل این اقدام سخیف به اشد مجازات برسند.The Paisley Rocketeer’s Society 1935-2005
Practical rocket experiments that led to the formation of the esteemed Paisley Rocketeers’ Society (PRS) were begun in November 1935. They had been inspired by rocket airmail flights in England and the Western Isles by the German rocketeer Gerhard Zucher, spaceship exploits in American science fiction magazines, and rocketry discussions within the British Interplanetary Society.
It was during a bout of ‘flu that John Neilson schoolboy John D. Stewart spent the weary hours reading pulp-fiction space adventure magazines from the USA, and thought that perhaps some work could be done towards changing fiction into fact. John had recently joined the British Interplanetary Society, and had been thinking about rocket propulsion for space travel.
‘Armed’ with a year-round availability of fireworks from a ‘Jenny a’ things’ shop on Caledonia Street, (an odd choice of merchandise from Annie Howatt’s shop), John, his brother Peter, and some friends, founded the Paisley Rocketeer’s Society, embarking on a programme of Research Rockets.
That name for their rockets wasn’t chosen casually. It indicated serious intent to do useful work, albeit with limited funds and resources, and finding out almost everything about rocket fundamentals themselves.
The aim of the Paisley society (officially founded on the 25th February 1936 upon the launch of their ninth rocket) was “to arouse public interest in the possibilities of rocket and space flight, also to carry out practical experiments.”
The PRS Research Rocket (RR) series were very innovative and superbly crafted rockets powered by cannibalised firework rocket motors, which were flown in and around Paisley: initially on and around Oakshaw Hill. They carried out practical research into rocket propulsion, rocket vehicle design, and aerodynamics.
John devised an ingenious method to deploy a parachute on his first rocket RR-1. RR-1 had a piece of wire bent into a loop and attached to a small button. The nose cone was in two halves held together by the wire loop, with the button inside. When the thrust burned out the heavy button kept moving forwards whilst aerodynamic drag slowed the rest of the vehicle, the button pushing the wire loop off the nose and allowing the halves to open and release the parachute.
RR-1 – launched on 27th November 1935 – was rather erratic: John fitted seven firework rockets in the rear of a hexagonal cardboard tube with stiff cardboard fins, and lit the seven burning string fuses. Then he ran like billyo when inevitably they all ignited at different times; sending the thing careering round his back garden, pursuing scattering kids!
Most youngsters – and to be sure their parents – would have called it quits then and there, but John and his friends were not discouraged by these problems and went on to solve others; they had the tenacity to work through the problems to achieve success with successive rockets.
The rocketeers developed their own airmail service, sending letters to each other’s back gardens in the hollow nosecones of rockets.
RR-47, flown on Hogmanay 1937 in St James’ Park Paisley, was, as far as we know, the world’s first successful three stage rocket. All three stages worked, though they didn’t recover the third one as it flew too far. It was a demonstration of the principle of multi-stage rocketry, which is an essential piece of technology used today for reaching orbit.
The PRS may also have been the first amateur group to launch a camera carrying rocket, with RR-53 launched near Tarbert Castle on August 1938 as shown here with Elizabeth Stewart.
From 1936 to 1939 the PRS carried out practical work on: spin-stabilised rockets, increasing the efficiency of their rocket motors by means of air ducts, motor clustering (multiple motors), and aerial photography. To raise funds for the society, they produced ‘rocket mail’ which they sold to friends and relatives. John developed a very unique style to his block-printing that’s highly prized by philatelists worldwide.
With the outbreak of World War 2, their rocketry ceased as John Stewart was always adamant that rocketry should only be used for peaceful purposes.
During the war, John discovered that the Paisley Rocketeers’ work on air-augmented rockets (wherein the rocket motor acts like the core of a modern bypass turbojet engine) had been independently duplicated by an even earlier pioneering rocketry group in Glasgow who were testing these advanced air-breathing rockets fixed to composite-construction model aircraft airframes, a forerunner of today’s carbon-fibre aircraft.
Thanks to the efforts of philatelist Mrs Margaret Morris who had acquired some of the pre-war rocket mail, and Paisley author Donald Malcolm, John and his brother Peter revived the society in 1966. The PRS continued their experiments and now flew rocket mail to raise funds for charities.
Thanks to a busybody notifying their activities to the Home Office in 1969, the PRS had to stop flying pyrotechnic rockets (officially at least!), but with great ingenuity turned to the development of ‘aquajet’ rockets, propelled by compressed air and water, as an unobjectionable alternative. The authorities still objected!
Shown below is John Stewart with his double-chamber aquajet launched in the mid 1980’s at the site of what is now the Paisley’s University sports ground on the road to Barrhead.
In response to the word from officialdom, the PRS also ran a campaign under the ‘Fund for the Freedom to Fly Model Rockets’.
The Home Office Ban on model rocketry, even with factory produced motors, prevailed until 1985, but the PRS ignored it and quietly kept on flying pyrotechnic rockets up the Gleniffer Braes! This photo shows John setting up a rocket launch at Walls Hill south-east of Howwood in 1983.
The society remained active until the death of John Stewart in March 2005, when it was decided to end the society. Glasgow Airport’s immoderate and insatiable demand for ever more controlled airspace now makes rocket flight in and around Paisley impossible.
However, rocketry inspired by the Paisley Rocketeers Society continues today in Ayrshire with old and new rocketeers, including some of the former PRS such as John’s brother, Peter Stewart.
With reliable and affordable model rocket motors and kits now available in most good model shops, and higher power motors for more experienced rocketeers also now available through licensed importers and suppliers, what might be termed “popular and public rocketry” is a growing activity in Scotland. Today, the Scottish Aeronautics and Rocketry Association (SARA) rocket club fires small to large rockets at the Fairlie Moor south of Largs in a safe and legal manner. All are welcome to join.
And every August, rocketeers convene from all over the world at the International Rocket Week which is currently sited at the Lapwing Lodge (‘Peesweep’) scout camp south of Paisley. (The launches take place at the Fairlie Moor). At this event, the John Stewart annual trophy is awarded to an innovative or meritorious rocketeer in recognition of the sterling research efforts of the Paisley Rocketeer’s Society.
Rick Newlands, former PRS member.
(All pictures courtesy of Peter Stewart, Paisley Rocketeers’ Society.)اینستاگرام به لطف ماهیت بصری خود هنوز هم می تواند شادی را برای زندگی شما به ارمغان بیاورد. برخلاف اضطراب و عصبانیتی که برخی افراد هنگام استفاده از فیس بوک و توییتر احساس می کنند.
با این حال، اگر در اینستاگرام تازه وارد هستید، ممکن است برخی از اصطلاحات نانوشته در آن را ندانید. در این مقاله، ما زبان اینستاگرام و تعدادی از اصطلاحات اینستاگرام را به شما توضیح می دهیم.
اصطلاحات پرکاربرد اینستاگرام
۱.بیو
این اصطلاح اینستاگرام مربوط به بیوگرافی پروفایل شما در اینستاگرام است. این مکان متعلق به شماست تا کمی در مورد خودتان به بقیه بگویید. شما می توانید از متن، ایموجی ها، هشتگ ها و حتی منشن افراد دیگر در بیو خود استفاده کنید.
آیا می خواهید متن را با خطوط خالی قالب بندی کنید؟ ابتدا توضیحات را
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azından durumun yeniden değerlendirileceği Cumartesi gününe kadar devam etmesi bekleniyor.
Bu nedenle Belediye Sivil Koruma, nüfusun sahil şeridi boyunca kurulan güvenlik sınırlarına ve Avenidas D. Carlos I, Brasil ve Montevideo'daki iskelelere ve plajlara erişime saygı göstermesini önermektedir.
Belediye hizmetleri, nüfusu sahil şeridi ve nehir kenarı bölgelerine yakın seyahat ederken özellikle dikkatli olmaya ve spor balıkçılığı, su sporları veya deniz kenarında yürüyüş gibi denizle ilgili faaliyetler yapmamaya çağırıyor.
Kıyıya yakın ve kıyı aşımına karşı daha savunmasız bölgelerde araç park etmekten kaçınmak, Portekiz Deniz ve Atmosfer Enstitüsü (IPMA) tarafından verilen uyarılara özel dikkat göstermenin yanı sıra başka bir tavsiyedir.
IPMA'ya göre, Aveiro, Braga, Coimbra, Leiria, Lizbon, Porto ve Viana do Castelo bölgeleri bugün saat 18:00'ye kadar sarı bir uyarı altında, Cuma günü akşam 6'ya kadar turuncuya ve ardından Cuma günü 18:00 ile Cumartesi günü 15:00 arasında kırmızıya (üçten en şiddetli) dönüyor.پدیده روانگرایی خاک
روان گرایی خاک پدیده ای است که در آن خاک اشباع در اثر تنش شدیدی که به آن وارد می شود، مقاومت و سختی خود را به طور کامل ازدست می دهد و مانند یک مایع رفتار می کند. این تنش وارده می تواند در اثر تکان های ناشی از زمین لرزه یا دگرگونی های ناگهانی در شرایط تنش خاک باشد.After the indigenous uprising in Peru's Amazon region in June, the country is in many ways fundamentally changed. For the first time, indigenous leaders from the rainforest are in direct dialogue with the highest levels of government. For the first time, a powerful alliance has emerged between rainforest peoples, highland campesinos, and urban workers, who joined in the protest campaign. The days when Lima's political elite could treat the rainforest as an internal colony seem definitively over.
Yet there has been a high price in human lives, and only the most controversial of President Alan García's legislative decrees, which triggered the uprising, have been overturned. These decrees-promulgated under special powers granted to García by Peru's congress in 2008 to ready the country for the new U.S. free trade agreement-would undo a generation of progress in protecting indigenous territorial rights in the rainforest, opening indigenous lands to oil drilling, logging, and other forms of resource extraction as never before.
The southern Amazon region of Madre de Dios was the scene of considerable unrest during the past two years' worth of protests. In early July 2008, regional government offices in Puerto Maldonado, the regional capital of Madre de Dios, were occupied for three days. The city was paralyzed as the Native Federation of the Río Madre de Dios (FENAMAD), an indigenous Amazonian organization, joined the regional campesino union in launching the general strike. Campesino demands for land titles were united with indigenous demands for territorial rights, while federations representing small miners, Brazil-nut harvesters, Puerto Maldonado moto-taxi drivers, and other sectors also joined the strike, uniting in an Alliance of Federations.
Then the regional government offices were burned down. It remains unclear who was responsible, but indigenous protesters were accused. More than a year later, the burned-out shell of the building still stands, its walls scrawled with graffiti. The words have been painted over in an attempt to obscure them, but they are still readable: "La tierra es del pueblo" (The land is the people's) and "No se vende, se defiende" (We don't sell out, we defend ourselves). Some 25 were arrested, and Jorge Payaba, a former president of FENAMAD, was beaten and hospitalized. His successor, Antonio Iviche, went into hiding for several days before the charges against him were dropped.
Now it appears that an indigenous pledge to physically resist the operations of Dallas-based Hunt Oil on communal rainforest lands could reignite the uprising. In what is shaping up as an important test case, Hunt Oil is opening trails in preparation for seismic exploration within an indigenous reserve in Madre de Dios.
Hunt signed a contract with Peru's government to explore within Lot 76 in 2006 and later brought in the Spanish firm Repsol as a half-partner in the project. The lot overlaps with much of the Amarakaeri Communal Reserve as well as 16 titled native communities-including those 10 that are adjacent to the reserve and jointly responsible for managing it with the national government. Hunt's exploration work calls for 18 seismic lines with 20,000 detonation points across the southern part of the reserve. This work is to be serviced by 166 mobile camps with heliports, as well a main base camp. FENAMAD said these activities are to take place in the most sensitive part of the reserve, near the headwaters of the rivers that flow into the Río Madre de Dios.
FENAMAD's Iviche, a traditional Harakmbut leader, said the oil project threatens the forests and waters of the reserve, which was established in 2002 for the use of local Harakmbut, Yine, and Matsigenka communities.
"Our communities have decided not to allow these activities in the communal reserve," Iviche said, charging that Hunt is operating without the consent of the area's native inhabitants, most of whom oppose the oil company's presence. "They have never consulted with the communities." Failing to adequately consult indigenous communities on land-use issues in their territories is a violation of both international standards and Peru's constitution.
The Amarakaeri reserve was created following years of petitioning by FENAMAD-and a march in April 2002 by some 1,000 indigenous people in Puerto Maldonado. Each of the 10 communities bordering the reserve has its own range within it for hunting and gathering, but indigenous residents cannot enter the zonas silvestres, or wild zones-yet this is where Hunt is now operating.
Additionally, Lot 76 borders (or nearly borders, separated by a strip barely two thirds of a mile wide) two national parks. On the north, it borders, and slightly overlaps with, a State Reserve for Peoples in Voluntary Isolation. This was created along with the Amarakaeri reserve to protect "uncontacted" Matsigenka bands believed to be living in this zone.
On September 9, FENAMAD sought an injunction against Hunt's exploration work before the Madre de Dios Superior Court of Justice, the equivalent of a local district court. Said FENAMAD secretary Jaime Corisepa: "We have to attack on every level, using the courts, but we are ready to defend our territory physically."
In 2007, Hunt began holding "information workshops" at FENAMAD's offices in Puerto Maldonado and at some of the communities bordering the reserve. Corisepa denies these were consultations, saying the company representatives were just "announcing what they were going to do."
One community, Shintuya, has signed an agreement with Hunt to accept $30,000 in compensation for allowing the company access to its titled lands. There is a dispute as to whether the community approved this decision by the two-thirds vote required under Peruvian law.
FENAMAD said Hunt is required at a minimum to compensate the two communities whose lands it seeks to enter-Shintuya and Puerto Luz, at the eastern and western ends of the seismic lines, respectively-and the Amarakaeri reserve's governing council, known as the Administrative Contract Executive (ECA). Hunt has no deal with Puerto Luz, and a tentative deal with the ECA is now in question.
"Laws are being systematically ignored by the company and the government," Corisepa charges. "The Peruvian state has a hydrocarbon policy that violates the rights of indigenous communities. This is what the Amazon uprising was about."
At a September 13 meeting at FENAMAD's Puerto Maldonado office, leaders from the 10 communities bordering the Amarakaeri reserve met privately to hash out their position, then invited three Hunt Oil representatives to receive their declaration. The atmosphere in the small thatched-roof conference room was tense.
Three communities, Shintuya, Puerto Luz, and Diamante, dissented from the decision to issue a declaration opposing the project. Nonetheless, the joint statement from FENAMAD and the ECA opposing the Hunt-Repsol presence in the reserve demanded that "this decision be respected by the state as well as the said companies."
Anoshka, a Harakmbut leader from the community of Masenawa who is also a popular singer on the local cumbia circuit, gave the most impassioned statement. "I plead with you from my heart to respect our desire," she said, directly addressing the Hunt representatives. "A majority of our communities have decided no. The conflicts you are sowing among us will not succeed, but you are already causing damage to our communities."
Speaking of the Amarakaeri reserve's management plan ostensibly drawn up with input from the 10 communities, she added: "The master plan said the communities favor the oil company. This is a lie and we will never accept this."
The master plan, drawn up by the government natural-resources agency, is strongly contested. Although the ECA signed off on it, many Harakmbut charge the communities were not informed of last-minute changes that afforded oil companies easier access to resource exploitation in the most sensitive area of the reserve. Also at issue is the plan's "recommendation" that the ECA accept any hydrocarbon contracts that the state permits in the reserve.
FENAMAD is especially concerned about the status of the high jungle in the south of the reserve, near the border with Cuzco region, which protects the watersheds of several tributaries of the Río Madre de Dios that run through the reserve. FENAMAD argues that under Peru's Water Law, this area should be a strict protection zone, which would bar resource exploitation there. Instead, it was reclassified as a zona silvestre, affording a lower level of protection.
Equally controversial is the environmental-impact study produced for the Hunt project by the Peruvian firm Demus. In April, Demus workers in the community of Barranco Chico were confronted by local residents armed with clubs, who chased them from their lands. FENAMAD challenged the impact study before the Mines and Energy Ministry as what Corisepa calls a "plagiarism"-basically a cut-and-paste job from earlier studies elsewhere in the Amazon. Nonetheless, the ministry accepted it in June.
Hunt workers may be the next to be physically confronted. At the end of the meeting, Iviche announced that if Hunt doesn't withdraw from the reserve, the communities are prepared to carry out a desalojo-eviction.
Silvana lay, a forestry engineer who serves as Hunt's director of environmental health and safety for the Lot 76 project, defended the company's position in comments outside the meeting at the FENAMAD office.
"We weren't going to come in until the master plan was approved," she said. "We waited two years, and during that period we met with the communities and gave information. We are working in the part where we are allowed to work under the rules that were put in the plan. The last thing we want is a dangerous situation for our workers or the communities."
While the ECA did not have to sign off on the impact statement, Lay points out that public hearings on the study were held in the village of Salvación. "We held workshops with the communities on whose lands we are going to work, with the ECA invited."
Lay insists that Hunt, in contrast to many resource companies in Peru, is committed to playing by the rules. "We have the [impact statement] approved. We have the master plan approved. We did workshops with the communities-all this before we started our work. We have the signatories of everybody saying the work can go ahead-within the rules, of course. And then we received a call saying the work cannot go ahead."
She points out that the $380,000 offered in compensation to the ECA is nearly 25% of the Amarakaeri reserve's five-year budget. It is now in question whether the ECA will accept this money. She said the $30,000 pledged to Shintuya is forthcoming, and that Hunt will stay off of Puerto Luz community's lands until a compensation deal is finalized. Hunt's overall budget for the exploration project is $17 million, she said.
Lay asserted that the Hunt contract is in the best interests of the communities. "They can use that money to police the reserve against illegal logging and mining. The illegal exploitation is the greatest threat to the reserve, while the media and government are checking up on us. We are a good opportunity for the reserve."
FENAMAD attorney Milton Mercado rejects Lay's portrayal. "The ECA has never signed any document allowing Hunt in the reserve," he said. While the master plan allows oil exploitation in a general sense-with approval by the National Service of Protected Areas-it makes no reference to the Hunt contract. And this provision was added above the protests of the communities, he added.
"The only consultation has been with Shintuya and Puerto Luz," Mercado said. Consultation is mandated by the International Labor Organization's Convention 169, to which Peru is a signatory. The principle is also enshrined in Article 6 of Peru's constitution.
Mercado sees a hopeful precedent in a February ruling by the Constitutional Tribunal, Peru's highest court, in a case concerning Lot 103-which includes the Cordillera Escalera Regional Conservation Area, a high jungle that protects the headwaters of important rivers in northern San Martín region. Citing potential damage to aquifers, the tribunal ruled against a consortium including Repsol, Petrobras, and Occidental Petroleum, ordering a halt to exploration in the reserve until a master plan is in place.
FENAMAD's case against Hunt likewise focuses on the issue of protecting aquifers. But Mercado points out that it is the first in the history of Peru to rest on lack of consultation with indigenous communities-and a favorable ruling would be precedent-setting.
Almost all of the Madre de Dios region is divided into hydrocarbon exploration lots. Sapet, a Peruvian venture of China National Petroleum, has a license for Lots 113 and 111-the former covering the Reserve for Peoples in Voluntary Isolation, and the latter actually covering the town of Puerto Maldonado. The company has pledged not to explore in the reserve, for the moment at least. Lot 157, on unprotected lands to the east of the large protected areas, is currently suspended following the "Petrogate" scandal, in which officials are accused of kickbacks in the granting of concessions to Norwegian company Discover Petroleum.
These medium-sized firms are clearly viewed as an advance guard for the industry majors, who mostly abandoned operations in the Peruvian Amazon because of instability in the 1990s-and who García openly hopes to woo back.
Shell Oil explorations in area in the mid-1980s took a grave toll in disease on the recently contacted Yaminahua people in the north of Madre de Dios, who now have a titled community in neighboring Ucuyali region.
A decade later, a consortium including ExxonMobil and Elf began exploration in Lot 78-covering nearly the same territory as the contemporary Lot 76. This lot was reorganized in subsequent years as the communities around the Amarakaeri reserve were being titled.
In addition to hydrocarbons, timber is being massively exploited in Madre de Dios, mostly by Peruvian firms for export to the United States and China. There are legal concessions on state land in the largely unprotected eastern half of Madre de Dios-as well as much illegal exploitation in the protected areas.
Gold is next in line in the local resource boom. Legal placer and dredge mining concessions operate on the region's rivers. But illegal and highly destructive hydraulic mining goes on in pirate operations.
A hydroelectric project is pending on the Río Inambari, with the Brazilian firm Odebrecht likely to get the contract. The Inter-Oceanic Highway linking Brazil's Atlantic coast with Peru's Pacific is also under construction through Madre de Dios.
This matrix of development interests could make the frontier zone of Madre de Dios a very different place in a few short years-and many young indigenous people fear what the future will bring. Wili Corisepa, a young Harakmbut from Shintuya who works with FENAMAD, said: "In the time of the missionaries, in the time of the rubber, of the timber, and now the oil, they all lied to us. It is the same person wearing a different mask."
Bill Weinberg is author of Homage to Chiapas: The New Indigenous Struggles in Mexico (Verso, 2000) and editor of the website World War 4 Report (ww4report.com). Research support for this article was provided by the Investigative Fund at the Nation Institute.Opera Garnier'e birkaç adım mesafedeki Scribe Otel, Place Vendome'un lüks butiklerine, Rue de la Paix ve Les Galeries Lafayette'e de yakındır.
Otelde dubleks, aprtman dairesi ve süitler şeklinde, her biri İmparatorluk tarzı döşenmiş çok çeşitli oda kategorileri vardır. Otelin Michelin yıldızlı Les Muses restoranında Fransız mutfağının tadını çıkarabilirsiniz.
Hausman tarız bu otelin geleneksel zarafeti ve lüksü, aslında Jokey kulübüne ev sahipliği yapmak için tasarlanmıştır. Hayvanların da kabul edildiği Scribe Otel'i herkes mutlaka sevecektir!
* Scribe Otel'in restoranı Les Muses, özgünlüğün ismi Fransız mutfağıın tüm geleneklerini sürdümekte, konuklara gerçek bir yemek deneyimi yaşatmaktadır.
* Paris'e iş amaçlı gelen konuklar, Scribe Otel'de 6 toplantı odasını toplatılar, kongreler, ürün tanıtımları ve sunumları için kullanabilirler.
* Scribe Otel'de 24 saat oda servisi de vardır.
* Otelin zarif odaları, konukları lüksün dünyasına götürür. 217 otel odasında uydu/kablo renkli TV, sesli duman dedektörü, mini bar ve saç kurutma makinesi de vardır.
* Scribe Otel, Louvre Müzesi'nden 10 dakika uzakta, Champs Elysees'e 10 dakika mesafede kurulmuştur.
Place Vendome, Eglise La Madeleine,
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2: Ask students to recall Sister's choices. Share the large Consequences T-Chart you prepared ahead of time. Discuss with students the various choices Sister makes in the story. Explain that a choice is also called an option. What good things might happen as a result of choosing this option? What bad things might happen as a result of this choice? Record students' responses under the appropriate column. Explain that the result of a choice is called a consequence. Talk about the difference between a positive and a negative consequence.
Step 3: Explore other possible options with students and repeat the procedure. Guide a discussion about consequences.
Step 4: Ask students to compare the positive and negative consequences for each option. Explain that a good option is safe, healthy, considerate of others, and obeys rules or laws. Talk about how the choice Sister made was the best decision she could make in her situation.
Step 1: Inform students that they will complete their own consequences chart with a partner. Brainstorm with students three realistic — real or imagined — circumstances, similar to Sister's, that might involve peer pressure. Encourage students to come up with appropriate scenarios that have positive and negative consequences, such as a new student joins the class, but your friends discourage you from inviting him to sit with your group during lunch. Record at least three class-generated scenarios and their options on the board or chart paper.
Step 2: Distribute the Positive and Negative Consequences T-Chart printables. Instruct students to choose an option from the list and copy it on the line provided onto their Positive and Negative Consequences T-Chart.
Step 3: Instruct students to find a partner and help each other brainstorm all the positive and negative consequences for that option onto their T-Chart. Ask them to make a decision as a team on how the scenario will be solved. Explain that they will be role-playing this scene with each other and possibly the class.
Step 4: Once students have completed their T-Charts and made their decisions, instruct them to make up a skit on this particular situation, demonstrating the "Stop! Explore, Go!" process, the options, the consequences, who they went to for help, and how a good decision was made. Allow time for them to create the skit. If you have access to puppets, provide them as props.
Step 5: Have students play out their skits with each other.
Step 6: Give students the opportunity to perform their skits with partners for the class.
Supporting All Learners
Encourage the more talkative, animated students to take lead roles in the skits to be performed in class.
Have students create Say No to Peer Pressure posters that depict "Stop! Explore, Go!" to be displayed around the school.
Have students write about a time when they went through the "Stop! Explore, Go!" process to make a decision for homework.
- Complete a Positive and Negative Consequences T-Chart printable
- Participate in a role play activity
- Were students able to role play in the decision making activity?
- Do I need to follow up with additional practice opportunities?
Observe students' ability to create multiple options for a scenario and differentiate between positive and negative consequences.
Evaluate the completed Positive and Negative Consequences T-Chart printables.As I have mentioned in previous posts about us as teachers primarily teaching towards the test and having our own ways of teaching to our preference but we have to keep in mind is this type of teaching really helping our students? We know that simply having students memorize material isn’t cutting it. If we take a look at the “Learning Cone” we find that talking at our students is one of the worst approaches we as educators can use. We need to allow our students to discover while they are learning this is how we reach them, by finding ways to relate to the student. We need to become more of a facilitator of learning, guiding our students instead of telling them.
In order for teachers to best help students, especially those teachers who may not have as much experience with technology as others, it’s important for them to prepare themselves as much as possible. There are many opportunities available to teachers so that they may be able to learn and teach new technology to their students. Workshops can be found online or locally to help teachers with technology. Training are also being done within school systems to help their teachers learn new technology and how it can be used. Professional developments are also available to those interested in learning more about technology. Remember to always reach out to your co-teachers!!
I was able to find two specific websites that offer professional developments to teachers, they can be found at:
This week in my technology class I was shocked by my reading. I found out that the primary reason our students are dropping out of school is because of boredom and lack of technology. I was able to find some incredible numbers within my weekly reading. “More than 1/3 of students in the United States are dropping out of school, only 28% believe school work is meaningful, 21% find their courses interesting, and 39% believe their school work will bear success in their future”. (Understanding the Digital Generation, Jukes, McCain, Crockett) I was able to find a couple of websites that help support why we as educators should use technology in school and some strategies to using it. Check them out!
(Discusses why we should incorporate technology in our schools)
(This site gives educators strategies on using technology with students.)
Due to our changing world our students want to learn through technology based tools, however, most educators prefer their original way of teaching through lecture and talking. This week I wanted to include a chart showing the different preferences between teachers and students. I’m hoping this will give you a little insight on what our students prefer versus what educators prefer.
Just for fun I was curious as to how much you use technology in your classroom. Please take a few minutes and participate in my poll. Thanks!
Our students are termed the “digital generation” simply because they have grown up in a world full of technology; it’s all they know. In order to better reach our students we need to teach in a way that we can relate to them. In order to better understand the gap between our children and adults today I have provided two very interesting articles you can take a look at. We as teachers need to do as much as we can to help close the gap!
(The site above discusses the gap between teachers and students and how it continues to widen.)
(The site above discusses ways the technology gap can be bridged.)Life for the medieval peasant was certainly no picnic. His life was shadowed by fear of famine, disease and bursts of warfare. His diet and personal hygiene left much to be desired. But despite his reputation as a miserable wretch, you might envy him one thing: his vacations.
Plowing and harvesting were backbreaking toil, but the peasant enjoyed anywhere from eight weeks to half the year off. The Church, mindful of how to keep a population from rebelling, enforced frequent mandatory holidays. Weddings, wakes and births might mean a week off quaffing ale to celebrate, and when wandering jugglers or sporting events came to town, the peasant expected time off for entertainment. There were labor-free Sundays, and when the plowing and harvesting seasons were over, the peasant got time to rest, too. In fact, economist Juliet Shor found that during periods of particularly high wages, such as 14th-century England, peasants might put in no more than 150 days a year.
As for the modern American worker? After a year on the job, she gets an average of eight vacation days annually.
It wasn’t supposed to turn out this way: John Maynard Keynes, one of the founders of modern economics, made a famous prediction that by 2030, advanced societies would be wealthy enough that leisure time, rather than work, would characterize national lifestyles. So far, that forecast is not looking good.
What happened? Some cite the victory of the modern eight-hour a day, 40-hour workweek over the punishing 70 or 80 hours a 19th century worker spent toiling as proof that we’re moving in the right direction. But Americans have long since kissed the 40-hour workweek goodbye, and Shor’s examination of work patterns reveals that the 19th century was an aberration in the history of human labor. When workers fought for the eight-hour workday, they weren’t trying to get something radical and new, but rather to restore what their ancestors had enjoyed before industrial capitalists and the electric lightbulb came on the scene. Go back 200, 300 or 400 years and you find that most people did not work very long hours at all. In addition to relaxing during long holidays, the medieval peasant took his sweet time eating meals, and the day often included time for an afternoon snooze. “The tempo of life was slow, even leisurely; the pace of work relaxed,” notes Shor. “Our ancestors may not have been rich, but they had an abundance of leisure.”
Fast-forward to the 21st century, and the U.S. is the only advanced country with no national vacation policy whatsoever. Many American workers must keep on working through public holidays, and vacation days often go unused. Even when we finally carve out a holiday, many of us answer emails and “check in” whether we’re camping with the kids or trying to kick back on the beach.
Some blame the American worker for not taking what is her due. But in a period of consistently high unemployment, job insecurity and weak labor unions, employees may feel no choice but to accept the conditions set by the culture and the individual employer. In a world of “at will” employment, where the work contract can be terminated at any time, it’s not easy to raise objections.
It’s true that the New Deal brought back some of the conditions that farm workers and artisans from the Middle Ages took for granted, but since the 1980s things have gone steadily downhill. With secure long-term employment slipping away, people jump from job to job, so seniority no longer offers the benefits of additional days off. The rising trend of hourly and part-time work, stoked by the Great Recession, means that for many, the idea of a guaranteed vacation is a dim memory.
Ironically, this cult of endless toil doesn’t really help the bottom line. Study after study shows that overworking reduces productivity. On the other hand, performance increases after a vacation, and workers come back with restored energy and focus. The longer the vacation, the more relaxed and energized people feel upon returning to the office.
Economic crises give austerity-minded politicians excuses to talk of decreasing time off, increasing the retirement age and cutting into social insurance programs and safety nets that were supposed to allow us a fate better than working until we drop. In Europe, where workers average 25 to 30 days off per year, politicians like French President Francois Hollande and Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras are sending signals that the culture of longer vacations is coming to an end. But the belief that shorter vacations bring economic gains doesn’t appear to add up. According to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) the Greeks, who face a horrible economy, work more hours than any other Europeans. In Germany, an economic powerhouse, workers rank second to last in number of hours worked. Despite more time off, German workers are the eighth most productive in Europe, while the long-toiling Greeks rank 24 out of 25 in productivity.
Beyond burnout, vanishing vacations make our relationships with families and friends suffer. Our health is deteriorating: depression and higher risk of death are among the outcomes for our no-vacation nation. Some forward-thinking people have tried to reverse this trend, like progressive economist Robert Reich, who has argued in favor of a mandatory three weeks off for all American workers. Congressman Alan Grayson proposed the Paid Vacation Act of 2009, but alas, the bill didn’t even make it to the floor of Congress.
Speaking of Congress, its members seem to be the only people in America getting as much down time as the medieval peasant. They get 239 days off this year.Il tuo obiettivo come fornitore di servizi IT dovrebbe essere quello di offrire il meglio ai clienti riuscendo, al contempo, a massimizzare l'utile. Avere un utile netto sostenibile nel lungo termine è la misura di un business solido e di successo. Se vuoi migliorare i tre risultati – clienti, ricavi e profitto netto – devi lavorare su cinque aspetti fondamentali.
Il Covid ha rallentato alcuni MSP e ne ha fatti decollare altri. Chi ha investito in attività di marketing durante e dopo il lockdown ha più facilità nel trovare clienti nuovi e fidelizzare quelli vecchi. Ma il marketing è un’attività “core” di un MSP?Edirne'nin Kapıkule Sınır Kapısı'ndan Türkiye'ye gelen ve Almanya'da işçi olarak çalışan Veli Altındağ, sınır kapısına ulaşana kadar geçtikleri ülkelerden yanlızca Bulgaristan'da sorun yaşadıklarını ve burada kendilerinden "Rüşvet" alındığını vurguladılar.
Yetkililer ilgilenmiyor
Bulgaristan'da yaşadıkları sorunlar konusunda Türkiye'deki yetkililerin kendileriyle yeterince ilgilenmediğinden yakınan gurbetçi Veli Altındağ, şöyle konuştu: "Türkiye'ye gelecek işçiler, Bulgaristan'dan gündüzleri geçsinler. Gece geçtikleri takdirde güvenlik konusunda sorunlarla karşılaşabilirler. Türkiye'ye komşu olan Bulgaristan'ın bizlerden rüşvet almasına bir anlam veremiyorum. Bir devlet vatandaşını bu kadar ihmal etmez. Yurtdışında adeta sahipsisiz" dedi.
Bebeklerden bile vize alıyorlar
Ho~|~llandalı gurbetçi Ali Karakurt'ta, eşi Emine ve 1.5 yaşındaki kızları Gizem'le Türkiye'ye tatil için geldiklerini belirterek, Bulgaristan'da pasaport başına alınması gereken vize ücretinin kişi başına alınmasından şikayetçi olduklarını bildirdi. Bu arada, Kapıkule Sınır Kapısı'ndan son 24 saat içinde 7 bin 600 gurbetçi yurda giriş yaptı. Kapıkule, Pazarkule ve İpsala Sınır Kapılarında Cuma, Cumartesi ve Pazar günleri yoğun bir gurbetçi trafiği yaşanıyor.Amazzonia: rapporto segreto, progettate 144 dighe
Un documento segreto dell'Agenzia brasiliana di energia elettrica (Aneel), pubblicato oggi da un quotidiano di Manaus, rivela che il governo brasiliano ha pronti 144 progetti per costruire altrettante centrali idroelettriche in Amazzonia.
Si tratta in alcuni casi - secondo quanto riporta 'A Critica', il maggior quotidiano dell'Amazzonia - di impianti di grande capacità. La maggior parte dei progetti riguarda invece centrali "leggere" (sotto i 30 megawatt), distribuite negli stati amazzonici di Acre, Amazonas, Parà, Tocantins, Mato Grosso e Maranhao. Per alcuni di questi progetti, infine, non vengono affatto specificate né portata né potenza: il fatto che siano destinati però a fiumi di grande flusso, come il Rio Madeira (largo vari chilometri in alcuni punti) e il Rio Juruà, fa prevedere che non si tratti di centrali piccole.
"Il problema vero non sono le dimensioni, in realtà - commenta sul giornale la sociologa e ambientalista Telma Monteiro, esperta nell'impatto delle idroelettriche sull'ambiente circostante -. Stiamo parlando di centinaia di centrali in Amazzonia, dove qualsiasi interferenza sul corso dei fiumi provoca conseguenze ambientali massicce e immigrazione in zone che difficilmente sopportano un aumento della popolazione. Altro che energia pulita e a basso costo, come sostiene il governo".FOOD FOR THOUGHT!
The yellow-billed hornbill (Tockus leucomelas) is a fascinating ground-foraging bird and a common resident in Lapalala. Pairs of this bird are monogamous and have a unique way of safeguarding their nest! The female first carefully selects a hole in a tree to lay her eggs and then plucks out all her feathers to use them as nesting material. When she is finished, the male covers the hole with a combination of mud, droppings and saliva by using the side of his beak. He leaves a tiny little opening, through which he can feed the female and her hatchlings. Once the hatchlings are ready for their first flight and mum’s feathers have grown back, they break open the hole and squawk loudly to encourage the chicks to fly out into the wilderness.
AVERAGE TEMPERATURES & RAINFALL
MAY Rainfall = 8.5 mm Min temp = 9.1 °C Max temp = 20.4 °C
RARE BOOMSLANG SIGHTING
When Marilize caught a glimpse of this boomslang (Dispholidus typus) she counted herself lucky, as this shy snake species is not easily spotted in Lapalala. The sighting became even more interesting when she noticed that the young snake had just caught himself a last meal for the winter! After some trial-and-error – even hanging the chameleon in the tree to try and eat it from the bottom – he eventually managed to fill his tummy. Nature is full of beautiful spectacles; one just needs to look.
BREAKING DOWN OF OLD STRUCTURES AND CAMPS
Hidden away in the wilderness of Lapalala, one can still find structures of old farms and bush camps, most of which haven’t been used for years. One aspect of turning Lapalala back to its pristine state is to completely remove these old structures – not an easy task! The big challenge is to remove all of the material off the reserve and the sites are often difficult to access with trucks and machinery. However, steady progress is being made and one of the bush camps currently being broken down is Look Out, famous for its breathtaking views over the Palala River. This perfect sundowner spot will be reconstructed into a wooden viewing deck for custodians and guests to enjoy to the full.
One of the great wonders to experience at Lapalala Wilderness is our clear night sky. You can experience magnificent stars and constellations surrounded by total darkness in the middle of our wilderness! The Milky Way, which is the flat disc-shaped galaxy we find ourselves in, and which consists of about 200 billion stars (of which our sun is just one), will be easy to spot as a big, cloudy band surrounding us. All of the single stars we see are also part of this galaxy – they are just very close by. If you look very carefully though, you might
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adımıdır . Bunun da ötesinde, arama motoru algoritmalarının resminizin neyle ilgili olduğunu anlamasına da yardımcı olur. Arama motorları bunu sonuç sayfalarında sıralama işlemlerinin bir parçası olarak kullanacaktır. Başka bir deyişle, anahtar kelimelerinizi burada da kullanın! Daha fazla bilgi için, başlamak için SEO dostu alternatif metin yazmak için bu ipuçlarını izleyin .
21. Rakiplerden öğrenin
Blogcular için SEO söz konusu olduğunda bu en iyi öneri . Yarışmaya göz atmak için biraz zaman ayırmak önemlidir. Bunu anahtar kelimelerinizi Google’a yazarak ve önce hangi yayınların makalelerinin gösterildiğini görün. Arama sonuçlarının ilk sayfası olmak istediğiniz yerdir, bu yüzden şu anda orada olanlara dikkat edin. Hangi konuların ele alındığını, makalenin başlıklardan içeriğin uzunluğuna, SERP’deki SEO başlığına (arama motoru sonuç sayfası) ve makalenin başlığına nasıl yapılandırıldığını görmek için makalelere göz atın.
Kendi uzmanlığınızı, yarışmanızdaki en iyi makalelerin kapsadığı tüm konuların bir karışımı ile birleştirmek, sizinkini en kapsamlı hale getirecektir. Bu, yüksek sıralama ve tanıtım çabalarınıza yardımcı olma şansı verecektir.
22. Geri dönüşler kazanın
Harici çevrimiçi kaynaklardan kullanıcıları sitenize yönlendirir. Saygın kaynaklar içeriğinizi de önemsiyorsa, arama motorları sitenizi daha alakalı bulduğu için sitenizin SEO’sunu artırmak için mükemmel bir yöntemdir. Başlamak için misafir bloglama, sitenizin URL’lerini dizinlere gönderme ve daha fazlası gibi geri bağlantı kazanmanıza yardımcı olacak bazı stratejiler .
23. Dahili bağlantılara serpin
Başka bir bağlantı stratejisi, bir blog gönderisini diğeri aracılığıyla tanıtmaktır. Yazınız boyunca, daha önce yazdığınız diğer içerikler hakkında konuşma fırsatları bulacaksınız. Örneğin, blog tanıtımı hakkında konuşabiliriz, bu da blog şablonları hakkında farklı bir gönderiye bağlanmamıza neden olabilir . Orada ne yaptığımızı gördünüz mü ;)? Blogunuz bir veya birkaç konuya odaklandığından, bu promosyon taktiğinin uygulanması o kadar zor değildir.
24. Blogunuza şema işaretlemesi ekleyin
Bu ve sonraki adım, Google’ın bilgi toplamak ve arama sonuçlarını en kullanıcı dostu şekilde görüntülemek için tanıdığı yöntemlerden ikisidir. Şema işaretlemesi, Google’ın “zengin snippet” olarak bilinen farklı arama sonucu sorgularında yer almaya uygun olması için blogunuzun yapısını anlamasına yardımcı olmak için kullanılan koddur. Bunlar sıralı listeler ve karuseller gibi şeyleri içerir. İçin blogunuza şemasını eklemek sitenizin pano içinden, sadece ‘şema etkinleştirmek’ açabilirsiniz.
25. AMP özelliklerini etkinleştirme
AMP (Hızlandırılmış Mobil Sayfalar), Google’ı yayınınızla ilgili bilgilere yönlendirmenin başka bir yöntemidir. AMP , blog sayfalarını depolama boyutunda daha hafif ve bu küçük cihazlarda daha okunabilir hale getirerek blogunuzun mobil sitenizdeki hızını artırır . Ayrıca, Google’ın algoritması tarafından , yayınlarınızı, carousel gibi belirli mobil arama sonucu özelliklerini çekmek için siteler listesine dahil etmeleri gerekip gerekmediği konusunda belirleyicidir. Şema gibi, blogunuzda AMP’yi Wix sitenizin kontrol panelinden blog ayarları aracılığıyla etkinleştirmek de kolaydır .They also quizzed them on how far flung or tiny their social networks were, and along with a few other science-y tests (including MRI scans and tabulating all the Sniffin' Sticks data), came to the conclusion that those with a sharper sense of smell had more friends than those who were olfactorily challenged.
No butt sniffing required!
Yes, this may sound weird, but the scientists have a possible explanation. They suggest that we humans, much like our butthole-sniffing dog best friends, may gather chemical information via the nose from our companions, co-workers, and strangers on the subway, without even noticing it. And the good news? We're not required to crouch down and create awkward social situations in doing so.
So, in turn, with more information available to us via our snout (and our brain, which is responsible for important stuff like processing and sorting through the multitudes of information it gets on the regular), a better nose helps us communicate better in social situations.在具体应用场合，当终端负载稳定、动作简单、基本为低速运转时，选用成本低且容易控制的步进电机最为合适；但当终端负载波动范围较大、动作简单、基本为低速运转时，如果选择了步进电机，则会面临一系列烦恼，因为采用方波驱动的步进电机难以消除振动和噪音，并会因为力矩波动而产生失步或过冲。实际上，当终端负载波动范围较大时，即便基本为低速运转状态，也应该选用伺服电机，因为考虑了功效提高因素、节能因素、控制精度提高因素、系统稳定性增加等因素之后，会发现选用价格较高的伺服电机反而提高了综合成本。但是在用伺服电机替换产品中的步进电机时，应注意哪些问题？A.为了保证控制系统改变不大，应选用数字式伺服系统，仍可采用原来的脉冲控制方式；B.由于伺服电机都有一定过载能力，所以在选择伺服电机时，经验上可以按照所使用的步进电机输出扭矩的1/3来参考确定伺服电机的额定扭矩；C.伺服电机的额定转速比步进电机的转速要高的多，为了充分发挥伺服电机的性能，最好增加减速装置，让伺服电机工作在接近额定转速下，这样也可以选择功率更小的电机，以降低成本。
1985年，德国鲁尔大学的DePenbrock教授首次提出了直接转矩控制理论，该技术在很大程度上解决了矢量控制的不足，它不是通过控制电流，磁链等量间接控制转矩，而是把转矩直接作为被控量来控制。转矩控制的优越性在于:转矩控制是控制定子磁链，在本质上并不需要转速信息，控制上对除定子电阻外的所有电机参数变化鲁棒性良好;所引入的定子磁链观测器能很容易估算出同步速度信息，因而能方便的实现无速度传感器，这种控制被称为无速度传感器直接转矩控制。
在冲击负载如电焊机、电弧炉、轧钢机等场合，电压经常出现闪变；在一个车间中，有多台变频器等容性整流负载在工作时，其产生的谐波对于电网质量有很严重的污染，对设备本身也有相当的破坏作用，轻则不能够连续正常运行，重则造成设备输入回路的损坏。可以采取下列的措施。1)在冲击负载如电焊机、电弧炉、轧钢机等场合建议用户增加无功静补装置，提高电网功率因数和质量。2)在变频器比较集中的车间，建议采用集中整流，直流共母线供电方式。建议用户采用12脉冲整流模式。优点是谐波小、节能，特别适用于频繁起动、制动，电动机处于既电动运行与发电运行的场合。3)变频器输入侧加装无源LC滤波器，减小输入谐波，提高功率因数，可靠性高，效果好。4)变频器输入侧加装有源PFC装置，效果最好，但成本较高。
变频器的英文：frequency changer，frequency 读法：英 ['friːkw(ə)nsɪ] ：美 ['frikwənsi]。异步电机加盟变频器的英语1、frequency response 频率响应；录放幅频响应；变频器的英语2、frequency converter 变频器；变频器的英语3、frequency band 频带；频段；变频器的英语国产异步电机4、video frequency 视频率；变频器的英语5、frequency control 频率控制；变频器的英语怎么说?以上变频器的英语单词仅供参考。Key West Aquarium Native Species Program
The Key West Aquarium is proud to educate the public about the marine environment with a focus on our local ecosystems. We house predominately native species of game fish, tropical fish, sea turtles, and stingrays. We also display vital apex predators such as sharks and American alligators with a chance to meet them up close during our tours. The species at the Key West Aquarium include:
- American Alligator
- Game fish
- Tropical fish
- Sea turtles
- A Burmese python
Key West Aquarium Invasive Species ProgramRecently, due to the need for public awareness, we started an “invasive species” program. The exotic pet trade has boomed and many owners find they are unable to care for their new pet after a few years, leading to their release in the wild. Many non-native species are reproducing in Florida at an alarming rate, wreaking havoc on our fragile coral reefs and wetlands. In an effort to elevate awareness we house lionfish, iguanas, and a Burmese python. All of these creatures have recently received media attention on the destructive effect they are having on the environment.
For more Information about our educational programs
Please contact us for additional information regarding educational programs for the Key West Aquarium.Lyme disease is the most common disease spread by ticks in the northern hemisphere. It is the most common vector-borne disease in the United States. Approximately 70-80% of infected people have an erythema migrans (EM) rash within 3-30 days of the tick bite. Other early symptoms may include fever, headache, fatigue, muscle and joint aches, and swollen lymph nodes in the absence of the rash. Up to 10-30% of patients who have completed a course of antibiotic treatment continue to have symptoms such as:
- joint pain
- severe fatigue
- sleep disturbance, or
- cognitive difficulties.
Figure 1: Example of the erythema migrans (EM) rash caused by Lyme disease
Our treatment usually takes approximately 5-10 hours over three (and occasionally 4-5) sessions. We use a regression technique that evokes trauma at the developmental event that causes the susceptibility to this problem; and then healing is done using a variety of standard trauma healing techniques. Once treatment is over, the client's symptoms that were due to Lyme disease are gone or significantly reduced.
During the first meeting with Jola I was instantly captivated by the incredible energy filled with inner peace, the willingness to help and look for the real cause of the problems, taking into consideration many different options.
I came to Jola for the Lyme disease process, after many years of tedious and, unfortunately, not very effective treatment of chronic (almost 30-year-old) Lyme disease which was not diagnosed properly on time. Living with this silent and sneaky enemy has been a long-time nightmare of mine. Headaches with such intensity that I often lost consciousness, labyrinth disorders, bone loss, permanent bone and muscle pain, insomnia, chronic fatigue, anxiety and apathy have accompanied me for many years. Every day I had to have a fight with myself to force myself to function normally and not to let others know what is going on inside. Those daily battles deprived me of last bits of the energy.
After, a basically accidental, diagnosis, I started a multidirectional treatment, followed by very little improvement. The only thing that conventional medicine could offer me was "so that it would not get any worse" option.
The real relief and elimination of most of the symptoms was brought only by the process with Jola.
I am positively surprised that, after practically the first meeting, I was already able to feel a very positive change. After the end of the process, basically all symptoms disappeared. What was already destroyed takes time to recover, but the most important thing is that today I can live without physical and mental pain.
Client 2: Below is a short (6 minute) video from one of our original research clients that has completed this Lyme disease treatment.
Client 3: Here is a written testimonial from another Lyme disease client .
"1. After completing the Lyme disease process what physical, psychological, and/or emotional changes have you experienced, if you compare your life to before our sessions together?
Client: Physically, I feel lighter, I have more energy, my body has become more flexible and less tense and the pain that I have dealt with for a long time has greatly diminished (I believe that the small amount of leftover pain is related to other factors and that the Lyme Disease process helped with all the pain that was possible to eliminate with this healing technique!) Overall, I experienced wonderful physical changes.
Psychologically, I feel more at ease and at peace.
Emotionally, I feel happier, more myself and a greater sense of emotional wellbeing overall.
2. What impact have these changes had on your life?
Client: I feel much more at ease and able to thrive. I feel like my world has expanded and I am moving about my life with more confidence and a greater sense of peace.
3. What did you like most about these changes?
Client: The reduction in pain I noticed and the greater sense of ease in daily life that I have experienced.
4. What did you like most about my approach/therapy?
Client: Ghita is kind, supportive, and compassionate, and does a wonderful job of explaining the process and guiding you through it! She is great!
5. What do you remember from this experience?
Client: The way in which a greater sense of ease overall continued to build more and more.
6. Would you recommend my services, and if so, to whom and why?
Client: Absolutely! I would recommend this process to anyone who has dealt with Lyme disease and would highly recommend Ghita as she is skilled, compassionate and incredibly supportive!"
The clinic staff that deliver this treatment include:
|Mary Pellicer MD||USA, South America||English||https://www.peakstatestherapy.com/pellicer.php|
|Jolanta Hamerlik||Europe||Polish, English||https://www.peakstatestherapy.com/hamerlik.php|
|Shayne McKenzie||Canada, USA, Australia, New Zealand, Asia, UK||English||https://www.peakstatestherapy.com/mckenzie.php|
|Kirsten Lykkegaard DVM||Europe||Danish, English||https://www.peakstatestherapy.com/lykkegaard.php|
|Ghita Ibnbrahim (currently on maternity leave)||Canada||French, English||https://www.peakstatestherapy.com/ibnbrahim.php|
Research and development history
We were first asked to find a treatment for Lyme disease in the fall of 2016. The client wanted us to find a way to quickly treat the disease (because in some patients antibiotic treatments are not effective or can take many months), and more importantly find a way to eliminate persistent chronic symptoms that do not respond to antibiotic treatment in some patients.
From the Institute's perspective, this was an interesting project because the cause of the disease was already known (unlike most of our research projects). Thus, from a time perspective, a large part of the investigative work was already done for us since we did not also need to figure out the originating disease. From a public health perspective, it would also demonstrate an application of subcellular psychobiology as a complement / alternative to both conventional drug treatments (in this case antibiotics) and as an immunization procedure (like a vaccine). As antibiotics are becoming more and more ineffective, the need to find an alternative to antibiotics is becoming more and more pressing worldwide, making this an interesting test case for our work.
We have researched and developed 7 different treatments. Our current clinic process has demonstrated high effectiveness rates and was released as a clinic treatment in 2020.
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1.0 January 2021: First published description of the treatment.Macchina del tempo a manovella
Da Nonciclopedia, l'enciclopedia libera...
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- ↑ Richard Balon, Robert Taylor Segraves (2009). Clinical Manual of Sexual Disorders. American Psychiatric Pub. p. 258. ISBN 1585629057. Retrieved January 24, 2014.
- ↑ David M. Buss, Cindy M. Meston (2009). Why Women Have Sex: Understanding Sexual Motivations from Adventure to Revenge (and Everything in Between). Macmillan. pp. 35–36. ISBN 1429955228. Retrieved January 24, 2014.
- ↑ Carroll, Janell L. (2013). Discovery Series: Human Sexuality (1st ed.). Cengage Learning. p. 103. ISBN 1111841896. Retrieved 2015-10-21.
- 1 2 Buisson, Odile; Foldès, Pierre (2009). "The clitoral complex: a dynamic sonographic study". The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 6 (5): 1223–31. doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01231.x. PMID 19453931.
- ↑ Rob, Baedeker. "Sex: Fact and Fiction". WebMD. pp. 2–3. Retrieved 28 November 2012.
- ↑ Richters J, Visser R, Rissel C, Smith A (August 2006). "Sexual practices at last heterosexual encounter and occurrence of orgasm in a national survey". The Journal of Sex Research. 43 (3): 217–26. doi:10.1080/00224490609552320. PMID 17599244.
- ↑ Jones, Nicola (July 2002). "Bigger is better when it comes to the G spot". New Scientist. Retrieved 21 April 2010.
- ↑ Ellen Lewin, William Leap, William L. Leap (2002). Out in Theory: The Emergence of Lesbian and Gay Anthropology. University of Illinois Press. pp. 215–216. ISBN 0252070763. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
- ↑ Michael W. Ross (1988). Psychopathology and Psychotherapy in Homosexuality. Psychology Press. pp. 49–50. ISBN 0866564993. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
- ↑ Zdrok, Victoria (2004). The Anatomy of Pleasure. Infinity Publishing. pp. 100–102. ISBN 0741422484. Retrieved July 5, 2013.
- 1 2 3 See page 3 for women preferring anal to vaginal, and page 15 for reaching orgasm through indirect stimulation of the G-spot. Tristan Taormino (1997). The Ultimate Guide to Anal Sex for Women. Cleis Press. ISBN 1573442216. Retrieved 6 November 2011.
- ↑ Mindy A. Smith, Leslie A. Shimp (2000/2008). 20 Common Problems in Women's Health Care. McGraw-Hill Health Professions Division. pp. 138–139. ISBN 0070697671. Retrieved 22 December 2013. Check date values in:
- 1 2 3 Natasha Janina Valdez (2011). Vitamin O: Why Orgasms Are Vital to a Woman's Health and Happiness, and How to Have Them Every Time!. Skyhorse Publishing Inc. pp. 282 pages. ISBN 978-1-61608-311-3. Retrieved November 6, 2011.
- ↑ Marlene Wasserman (2007). Pillowbook: creating a sensual lifestyle. Oshun. ISBN 1-77020-009-6. Retrieved 6 November 2011.
- ↑ Morin, Jack (1998). Anal Pleasure and Health (3d ed.). Down There Press. ISBN 0-940208-20-2.
- ↑ Otto, Herbert A. (1988) New Orgasm Options: Expanding Sexual Pleasure.
- ↑ Levay, Simon; Sharon McBride Valente (15 November 2005). Human Sexuality, Second Edition. Sinauer Associates, Inc. ISBN 978-0-87893-465-2.
- ↑ Levin R, Meston C (May 2006). "Nipple/Breast stimulation and sexual arousal in young men and women". The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 3 (3): 450–4. doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2006.00230.x. PMID 16681470.
- ↑ Kaplan HS (1977). "Hypoactive sexual desire". Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy. 3 (1): 3–9. doi:10.1080/00926237708405343. PMID 864734.
- ↑ Portner, Martin (15 May 2008). "The Orgasmic Mind: The Neurological Roots of Sexual Pleasure". Scientific American. Retrieved 16 July 2009.
- ↑ Basson R (2000). "The female sexual response: a different model". Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy. 26 (1): 51–65. doi:10.1080/009262300278641. PMID 10693116.
- 1 2 3 Levin, Roy J.; Gorm Wagner (1985). "Orgasm in women in the laboratory—quantitative studies on duration, intensity, latency, and vaginal blood flow". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 14 (5): 439–449. doi:10.1007/BF01542004.
- ↑ "Women fall into 'trance' during orgasm". The Times. London. 20 June 2005. Archived from the original on 15 July 2011. Retrieved 6 August 2012.
- ↑ Bohlen, Joseph G.; James P. Held; Margaret Olwen Sanderson; Andrew Ahlgren (1982). "The female orgasm: Pelvic contractions". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 11 (5): 367–386. doi:10.1007/BF01541570.
- ↑ "Anatomic and physiologic changes during female sexual response". Clinical Proceedings. Association of Reproductive Health Professionals. Archived from the original on 2008-07-08. Retrieved 1 February 2007.
- ↑ Levin, Roy (2 May 2006). "The Breast/Nipple/Areola Complex and Human Sexuality". Sexual and Relationship Therapy. Routledge. 21 (1): 237–249. doi:10.1080/14681990600674674. Retrieved 2 April 2011.
Areola corrugation immediately after orgasm physically signals that orgasm has occurred
- ↑ van Netten JJ, Georgiadis JR, Nieuwenburg A, Kortekaas R (April 2008). "8–13 Hz fluctuations in rectal pressure are an objective marker of clitorally-induced orgasm in women". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 37 (2): 279–85. doi:10.1007/s10508-006-9112-9. PMID 17186125.
- 1 2 Maines, Rachel P. (1998). The Technology of Orgasm: "Hysteria", the Vibrator, and Women's Sexual Satisfaction. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-6646-4.
- ↑ Henderson, Mark (20 June 2005). "Women fall into 'trance' during orgasm". The Times. London. Retrieved 8 December 2011.
- ↑ Portner, Martin (15 May 2008). "The Orgasmic Mind: The Neurological Roots of Sexual Pleasure". Scientific American. Retrieved 7 July 2009.
- ↑ The Scientific American Book of Love, Sex, and the Brain: The Neuroscience of How, When, Why, and Who we love, Judith Horstman (2011)
- ↑ Mosovich, A.; Tallaferro, A. (1954). "Studies on EEG and sex function orgasm". Diseases of the nervous system. 15 (7): 218–20.
- ↑ Cohen, Harvey D.; Rosen, Raymond C.; Goldstein, Leonide (May 1976). "Electroencephalographic laterality changes during human sexual orgasm". Archives of Sexual Behavior. Springer Netherlands. 5 (3): 189–99. doi:10.1007/BF01541370. PMID 952604.
Left and right parietal EEGs were recorded while seven subjects experienced sexual climax through self-stimulation
- ↑ Niedermeyer, Ernst; Silva, Fernando Lopes da (2012). "Polarity and Field Determination". Electroencephalography: Basic Principles, Clinical Applications, and Related Fields (5 ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 183. ISBN 9781469801759.
- ↑ Bancroft, John (2009). "Sexual arousal and response the psychosomatic circle". Human Sexuality And Its Problems (3 ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 88. ISBN 9780443051616.
- ↑ As examples, take:
- (Polish) Kazimierz Imieliński. Zarys seksuologii i seksiatrii. Warszawa 1986, PZWL, ISBN 83-200-1047-0 See also in the following Russian translation: Имелинский К.: Сексология и сексопатология (Sexology a. Sexopathology). Москва: Медицина, 1986. — С. 57. (Chapter “Nervous system”)
- (Russian) Abram Svyadoshch. Женская сексопатология (Female sexopathology). — 3-е изд., перераб. и доп. — Москва: Медицина, 1988. — С. 17 (the chapter entitled "Orgasm"). ISBN 5-225-00188-2
- (Russian) Lev Shcheglov. Сексология. Врачу и пациенту. — СПб.: Олма-Пресс. — С. 81–82 (#4.3 “The main physiological processes ensuring sex function in humans”). ISBN 5-7654-1068-5, ISBN 5-224-02421-8
- ↑ Graber, B; Rohrbaugh, JW; Newlin, DB; Varner, JL; Ellingson, RJ (December 1985). "EEG during masturbation and ejaculation". Archives of Sexual Behavior. Springer Netherlands. 14 (6): 491–503. doi:10.1007/BF01541750. PMID 4084049.
...Examination of the literature shows little agreement among reported results of studies of EEG changes during orgasm.
- ↑ Holstege, Gert; Georgiadis, Janniko R.; Paans, Anne M. J.; Meiners, Linda C.; Graaf, Ferdinand H. C. E. van der; Reinders, A. A. T. Simone (8 October 2003). "Brain Activation during Human Male Ejaculation" (PDF, HTML). The Journal of Neuroscience. 23 (27): 9188.
- ↑ Sex and Death, Are They Related?
- ↑ Balon R, Segraves RT, eds. (2005). Handbook of Sexual Dysfunction. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9780824758264.
- ↑ Wylie KR, ed. (2015). ABC of Sexual Health. John Wiley & Sons. p. 75. ISBN 9781118665565. Retrieved 2015-10-21.
- ↑ "Postorgasmic illness syndrome". Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD). National Institutes of Health. 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2015.
- ↑ Ashby J, Goldmeier D (May 2010). "Postorgasm illness syndrome--a spectrum of illnesses.". J Sex Med. 7 (5): 1976–81. doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2010.01707.x. PMID 20214722.
- ↑ McMahon CG (October 2014). "Post-Orgasmic Illness Syndrome" (PDF). 16th World Meeting on Sexual Medicine.
- ↑ Vern L Bullough, RN, PhD, Faan, Vern L. Bullough, Bonnie Bullough (2014). Human Sexuality: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. p. 32. ISBN 1135825025. Retrieved December 6, 2014.
- ↑ Rosenthal, Martha (2012). Human Sexuality: From Cells to Society. Cengage Learning. p. 150. ISBN 9780618755714. Retrieved October 22, 2013.
- 1 2 Irving B. Weiner, George Stricker, Thomas A. Widiger (2012). Handbook of Psychology, Clinical Psychology. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 172–175. ISBN 1118404432. Retrieved October 22, 2013.
- 1 2 Janell L. Carroll (2012). Discovery Series: Human Sexuality, 1st ed. Cengage Learning. pp. 302–303. ISBN 1111841896. Retrieved August 25, 2013.
- ↑ Rod Plotnik; Haig Kouyoumdjian (2010). Introduction to Psychology. Cengage Learning. p. 344. ISBN 0495903442.
Inhibited female orgasm refers to a persistent delay or absence of orgasm after becoming aroused and excited. About 10% of women never reach orgasm...
- ↑ Knoepp LR, Shippey SH, Chen CC, Cundiff GW, Derogatis LR, Handa VL (2010). "Sexual complaints, pelvic floor symptoms, and sexual distress in women over forty". The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 7 (11): 3675–82. doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2010.01955.x. PMC 3163299. PMID 20704643.
- ↑ Laumann, E., Gagnon, J.H., Michael, R.T., and Michaels (1994). "The Social Organization of Sexuality: Sexual Practices in the United States". University of Chicago Press (Also reported in the companion volume, Michael et al, Sex in America: A Definitive Survey.). Retrieved 3 January 2012.
- ↑ John Wincze (2009). Enhancing Sexuality : A Problem-Solving Approach to Treating Dysfunction. Oxford University Press. p. 60. ISBN 0199718024. Retrieved 2015-10-21.
- ↑ Michael Gurian (2013). The Wonder of Aging: A New Approach to Embracing Life After Fifty. Simon & Schuster. p. 178. ISBN 1476706719. Retrieved December 9, 2014.
- ↑ Kinsey, A.; Pomeroy, W.; Martin, C., & Gebhard, P. Sexual Behavior in the Human Female, Philadelphia: Saunders (1953), ISBN 978-0-253-33411-4.
- ↑ Holmberg, Diane; Blair, Karen Lyndsay (2009). "Sexual Desire, Communication, Satisfaction, and Preferences of Men and Women in Same-Sex Versus Mixed-Sex Relationships" (PDF). The Journal of Sex Research. Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality. 46 (1): 57–66. doi:10.1080/00224490802645294. ISSN 1559-8519.
- ↑ "The International Encyclopedia of Sexuality: Italy". .hu-berlin.de. 1 January 1999. Retrieved 15 October 2010.
- ↑ Laumann EO, Paik A, Rosen RC (February 1999). "Sexual dysfunction in the United States: prevalence and predictors". JAMA. 281 (6): 537–44. doi:10.1001
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behind what happened to the boys, and extend quite meaningfully into the very heart of the horrors of The Holocaust.”
Using just eight actors to represent about 150 characters, Olympics Über Alles begins at the US Olympic trials on Randall’s Island, New York. They play explores efforts to boycott the games, the passage of the Nuremburg Laws in Germany, and discrimination against the Jews dating back to before the birth of Christ. Eventually, the presentation finds itself at a meeting of athletes and coaches on the morning of the 4×100 Olympic relay. Jesse Owens and Ralph Metcalfe, played by female members of the ensemble cast, object to being substituted for Marty Glickman and Sam Stoller.
“Coach, let Sam and Marty run. They deserve it. I’ve already won three gold medals. I’m tired.”
The belief that Glickman and Stoller were excluded on the basis of their religion is the crux of Olympics Über Alles, but even the playwright cannot say with certainty that it’s valid. Susan Bachrach, curator of Special Exhibitions at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington DC, suggested that there are as many explanations for what happened that day as there are pages in Bernstein’s script.
“Some people even said after the fact that Owens had been lobbying to be put on the relay team and wanted to go for a fourth medal,” she said.
Bachrach curated a special exhibit on the 1936 Olympics for the Holocaust Museum with help from the late Marty Glickman, who is best known for being the voice of the New York Knicks and the New York Giants from the late 1940s to the early 1970s. Bachrach remembers Glickman as “a very sweet man” but said his claims were not convincing.
“I think Glickman sincerely believed it,” she said. “I’m not trying to say he didn’t, but of course so much had to do with memory and what you remembered years later.”
“Injustice was done. There’s no doubt about that,” said Professor Allen Guttman, who teaches at Amherst College and has written 11 books on sports history.
“It wasn’t racism,” he said, “because let’s face it, they were replaced by two black runners. If racism had been the basic motive, nobody would have replaced two Jews with two African-Americans.”
Most sports historians believe that Dean Cromwell, who was also the coach at USC, passed over Glickman and Stoller so that two USC runners would win medals. It’s a theory that Playwright Sam Bernstein considers, but does not embrace, in his play.
Regardless of the cause of the snub, most remember the 1936 Games as the Nazi Olympics, a time when politics intruded on sport as it hadn’t since Baron Pierre de Coubertin brought the modern games to life in 1896. Professor Guttman says that’s not exactly accurate.
“Pierre De Coubertin meant the Olympics to be political,” he said. “He wanted them to be a statement about the international reconciliation, about the way that people could come together and compete peacefully rather than through wars. What happened in 1936 and after is that a different kind of politics intruded on the games. That’s not what Coubertin had in mind.”Voce su Maria Batista Ferreira
Maria Batista Ferreira, 51 anni, è stata uccisa dall'ex compagno Vittorio Pescaglini, 57 anni, nel corso del tardo pomeriggio del 26 febbraio 2024 a Fornaci di Barga, una frazione del comune di Barga in provincia di Lucca.[1][2]
Uno scorcio di Piazza IV Novembre a Fornaci di Barga in provincia di Lucca
Secondo le ricostruzioni, la donna si trovava in strada a pochi passi dall'Hotel Gorizia quando, all'improvviso, è stata aggredita a coltellate da Pescaglini. I due erano sposati, ma in fase di separazione. L'uomo si era recato sul posto a bordo della propria auto, armato con una lama da 20 cm. Ha atteso la donna e poi avrebbe avuto con lei una breve discussione.[3]
La vittima è stata successivamente colpita da quattro fendenti. Il colpo fatale si è rivelato quello inferto al fianco che ha perforato il polmone. Gli altri alla gamba e al braccio, più uno al petto, che però è stato attutito dal ferretto del reggiseno. Gli organi vitali sono collassati in pochi istanti, causando il decesso quasi immediato, ancor prima del dissanguamento.[4]
È stato poi lo stesso cinquantasettenne a lanciare l'allarme, informando tramite messaggio un'amica che, a sua volta, aveva avvisato il sindaco di Fabbriche di Vergemoli, Michele Giannini. Il primo cittadino aveva in seguito richiesto l'intervento dei Carabinieri.[5] Nel frattempo alcuni passanti, presenti nelle vicinanze del luogo del delitto, hanno cercato di aiutare la vittima. Per la donna, però, non c'è stato nulla da fare.
Sul posto sono giunti i militari della locale stazione che successivamente hanno rintracciato e bloccato il malintenzionato. L'uomo non ha opposto resistenza e si è costituito ai Carabinieri, di fronte ai quali ha confessato le proprie responsabilità, dicendosi pentito per il gesto commesso.
Secondo le testimonianze di alcuni residenti della zona, la signora Ferreira era già stata vittima di un'aggressione da parte dell'ex compagno, avvenuta sempre a Fornaci circa dieci giorni prima. Non risultano però alle forze dell'ordine pregresse denunce per maltrattamenti o violenze riguardanti la coppia.[6]
Maria Batista Ferreira era originaria di Recife in Brasile. Nel 2002 aveva conosciuto Pescaglini in Sud America, poi due anni dopo la coppia si era sposata. La donna da una precedente relazione aveva avuto un figlio, rimasto nel paese d'origine. Per lungo tempo i due avevano convissuto a Fabbriche di Vergemoli, un comune della Garfagnana in provincia di Lucca. L'uomo lavorava per la cooperativa di facchinaggio Aurora che si occupava della raccolta dei rifiuti sul territorio locale. Lei invece era impiegata come badante.
Negli ultimi tempi, però, la coppia si era separata. La donna si era trasferita a Fornaci di Barga proprio per allontanarsi dall'ex compagno e alloggiava all'Hotel Gorizia – a pochi passi dal luogo dove si è consumato delitto – in attesa di trovare una nuova sistemazione.
La Chiesa di Cristo Redentore a Fornaci di Barga dove sono stati celebrati i funerali di Maria Batista Ferreira
Nella giornata del 27 febbraio 2024 i coniugi avrebbero dovuto presentarsi ad un incontro in programma all'ufficio anagrafe del Comune di Fabbriche di Vergemoli per firmare alcuni documenti e definire gli ultimi dettagli del divorzio, attesi dal sindaco Michele Giannini che li aveva già incontrati circa venti giorni prima per la firma dei documenti iniziali.[7][8]
Dagli accertamenti investigativi è emerso che la donna, però, si era tirata indietro all'ultimo momento, annunciando al marito l'intenzione di non apporre la firma. Proprio nella giornata di lunedì 26 febbraio la cinquantunenne aveva informato l'uomo di non voler procedere con la separazione. Probabilmente la donna temeva che gli accordi economici fossero a suo svantaggio, con l'eventualità di perdere la casa e, erroneamente, anche la cittadinanza italiana. Una situazione non favorevole dato che negli ultimi tempi aveva perso anche il lavoro da badante.
Pescaglini, d'altro canto, aveva fretta di chiudere quel procedimento. Nei mesi precedenti era stato proprio lui a chiedere il divorzio. La signora Ferreira aveva accettato, salvo cambiare idea un giorno prima dell'ultima firma. Il cinquantaseienne dunque aveva pensato di organizzare un incontro con lei, sotto l'Hotel Gorizia a Fornaci di Barga, promettendo di consegnarle 3 mila euro in contanti. A quell'appuntamento però, nel tardo pomeriggio, si era presentato con un coltello, utilizzato per stroncarle la vita.[9]
Il successivo 27 febbraio, nell'interrogatorio di garanzia di fronte al giudice per le indagini preliminari, Pescaglini aveva ribadito la confessione già fornita precedentemente ai Carabinieri, dicendosi nuovamente pentito per il gesto commesso. Nei suoi confronti è stata convalidata la custodia cautelare in carcere con le accuse di omicidio volontario, aggravato dalla premeditazione, e porto abusivo d'arma da taglio.[5][10]中国时间: 21:39 2017年01月23日星期一
科特迪瓦有计划的示威游行星期五进行到第二天，示威者支持获得联合国承认的总统选举获胜者瓦塔拉，国家面临更多的暴力冲突。瓦塔拉呼吁他的同盟者行进穿越阿比让，并占领全国广播机构所在的大楼。星期四，抗议者未能攻占这座建筑，他们与警察爆发冲突，导致人员死亡。警察效忠于自称为总统的巴博。巴博的发言人说，有20人在冲突中死亡，而瓦塔拉的支持者说，死亡人数至少有30人。
与此同时，美国表示国际社会正在警告巴博，他只有几天的时间来决定下台，否则将面对制裁。美国还发出旅行警告，呼吁其公民避免前往科特迪瓦。美国国务院批准非紧急事务人员和一些使馆人员家属离开科特迪瓦。احمد خضری: بازی های دور مقدماتی جام جهانی فوتبال ۲۰۲۲ قطر در ۲ گروه ۶ تیمی برگزار که تیم های ایران – کره جنوبی، امارات، عراق، سوریه و لبنان در گروه (A) به رقابت می پردازند و تاکنون ۴ بازی انجام شده و تیم ایران با ۱۰ امتیاز در صدر گروه (A) قرار دارد. تیم […]
احمد خضری: بازی های دور مقدماتی جام جهانی فوتبال ۲۰۲۲ قطر در ۲ گروه ۶ تیمی برگزار که تیم های ایران – کره جنوبی، امارات، عراق، سوریه و لبنان در گروه (A) به رقابت می پردازند و تاکنون ۴ بازی انجام شده و تیم ایران با ۱۰ امتیاز در صدر گروه (A) قرار دارد.
تیم کره جنوبی با ۸ امتیاز تعقیب کننده سرگروه است. تیم ایران در ۳ بازی گذشته بهترین خط دفاع داشته و گلی از دروازه اش نگذشته بود؛ تا این که تیم کره جنوبی توانست آن هم در تهران این امتیاز را از تیم ایران و بیرانوند بگیرد و اولین گل را دریافت دارد. اسکوچیچ سرمربی تیم ایران در بازی های اخیر در تعویض بازیکنان بهترین عملکرد را داشته و نتیجه گرفته است با توجه به تبلیغات و پیروزی های مکرر ایران و عدم نتیجه گیری مطلوب تیم کره جنوبی مانند مساوی بدون گل با عراق در خاک کره، پیروزی ضعیف و مشکل دار بر لبنان و سوریه این توقع را در ما بوجود آورد که ایران به راحتی می تواند کره را شکست دهد که اینگونه نشد. موارد زیادی را می توان در آرایش تیم ایران ذکر کرد. این را باید یادآوری کرد که هر بازی با هر تیمی در زمان خاصی، ویژگی خاص خود را دارد.
ممکن است یک بازیکن در یک بازی فوق العاده بدرخشد؛ ولی در بازی دیگر نتواند توانایی خویش را به نمایش بگذارد و این وظیفه کادر فنی است که آن را تشخیص و برطرف سازد. در بازی ایران و کره احمدنور اللهی نتوانست بدرخشد و یا کره ای ها او را از کار انداخته بودند. پس باید خیلی زود تعویض می شد. قدوس و سرلک می توانستند این ضعف را پوشش دهند. محرمی در دفاع راست خیلی زحمت کشید و در بازی های گذشته نیز توانمند و قوی عمل کرد اما در نیمه دوم بازی ایران و کره خوب دفاع می کرد ولی نیمی از پاس های وی اشتباه بود. حاج صفی و محمدی شاید می توانستند کار کنند. تعویض نورافکن نه تنها تاثیر نکرد بلکه یک کارت زرد به وی اضافه شد و بازی بعد را از دست داد.
بعد از نکات فنی، اگر خاطران باشد از ابتدای مهرماه رسانه های رسمی کشور از حضور تماشاگران و حتی بانوان در بازی ایران و کره خبر دادند و ۳ روز قبل از بازی اعلام شد که این مسابقه بدون تماشاگر برگزاد می گردد. تیم ایران امتیاز بسیار بزرگی را در خانه خود از دست داد و بعلاوه نبود (VAR) نیز مزید بر علت بود. تنه فنی سردار آزمون که در موقعیت خوبی قرار داشت به بازیکن کره توسط کمک داور خطا اعلام شد. اما عین هین صحنه بازیکن کره ای در محوطه جریمه انجام داد ولی داور وسط آن را خطا ندانست.
حالا اگر (VAR) وجود داشت شاید خطای پنالتی گرفته می شد. بهرحال امروزه بهره بری و استفاده از تکنولوژی و فن آوری های مدرن اجتناب ناپذیر است و این مساوی هشداری برای بازی های آینده است.
در پایان باید گفت که بازیکنان و کادرفنی قابل ستاش و تحسین هستند.
*مدیر پسین اوز
لینک کوتاه:打开微信，点击底部的“发现”，
使用“扫一扫”即可将网页分享至朋友圈。
痔疮是日常生活中很常见的一种疾病，位于人体肛门部位，痔疮的危害有很多，而且夏季是该病的高发季节，任何人群均可发病，给患者身体造成了极大的伤害，所以大家要积极治疗。那么，痔疮具有遗传性吗?
痔疮不具有遗传性，它不会遗传也不属于遗传疾病，所以大家不必太过惊慌失措。对于痔疮的治疗要引起重视，在日常生活中养成良好的习惯，了解其发病原因做好相应的预防措施，这样才能拥有健康的身体。
1、职业关系：人久站或久坐，长期负重远行，影响静脉回流，使盆腔内血流缓慢和腹内脏器充血，引起痔静脉过度充盈，静脉壁张力下降，血管容易瘀血扩张。又因运动不足，肠蠕动减少，粪便下行迟缓，或习惯性便秘，可以压迫和刺激静脉，使局部充血和血液回流障碍，引起痔静脉内压力升高，静脉壁抵抗力降低。
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东院:北京市东城区帅府园一号;西院:北京市西城区大木仓胡同41号
北京市西城区南礼士路56号"یک بار دیگر وقت خداحافظی رسیده: متاسفانه دوره کارآموزی یان رو به پایان است و پاولا و فیلیپ در فکر نوشتن مدرکی برای دوره کارآموزی او هستند. امروز یان خیلی دست و دل باز شده است. "
آخرین روز یان به عنوان کارآموز در رادیو ""د"" باید جشن گرفته شود. برای همین هم او همکارانش را با نوشیدنی و چیپس غافلگیر میکند. پاولا و فیلیپ هنوز مشغول نوشتن مدرک یان هستند. برای همین آنها باید جملهبندیهای درست پیدا کنند، چون اگر یان مدرک خوبی داشته باشد، احتمال دارد که بتواند به مدرسه خبرنگاری برود.
با حروف ربط """" falls و"" wenn"" پروفسور جملات شرطی را برای شنوندگان توضیح میدهد.Questa è una ricetta Velveeta fudge, ma nessuno potrà mai immaginare che sia fatta con il formaggio. La Velveeta lavorata rende il dolce liscio e cremoso e potresti divertirti a chiedere alle persone di indovinare l'ingrediente segreto. Potrebbero non crederti!
La miscela di fondente sarà piuttosto rigida. Se si dispone di un mixer stand, utilizzare l'attacco a palette o il gancio per impasto. Ho fatto metà di una ricetta e ho usato il mio stand mixer. Ho raffreddato il caramello in una padella al posto della padella da 8 o 9 pollici.
Cosa ti serve
- Burro da 1 tazza / 2 bastoncini (ammorbidito)
- 8 once formaggio di processo pastorizzato (come Kraft Velveeta)
- 2 sterline
- lo zucchero dei confettieri
- 1 tazza di cacao non zuccherato
- 2 cucchiaini di estratto di vaniglia
- 1 a 1 1/2 tazze di noci pecan (o noci, tritate grossolanamente)
Come farlo
- Imburrare una teglia quadrata da 9 pollici.
- Tagliare il formaggio Velveeta a cubetti.
- In una grande casseruola a fuoco medio, unire i cubetti di burro e formaggio. Cuocere, mescolando frequentemente, fino a quando non si scioglie e si liscia; togliere dal fuoco.
- Unire lo zucchero dei confettieri e il cacao e frullarli per frullare (o setacciarli insieme). Aggiungere la miscela di zucchero e cacao alla miscela di formaggio, mescolando bene. Aggiungere la vaniglia e i dadi
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享受互联网后几分钟的观看。
智能电视lg。
此制造商的智能设备允许您在系统中注册后使用智能电视功能。如果不注册帐户，您将无法运行嵌入式应用程序，安装新的，自定义渠道和播放列表，为您最喜爱的在线齿轮发出订阅。
讲述如何在LG设备上配置智能电视：
- 您打开电视的主菜单并选择登录按钮。
- 第一次启动 - 通过强制性注册程序时。为此，请创建一个帐户，创建用户名和密码，指定您的电子邮件地址。
- 确认注册后，您可以在任何其他“SMART”设备LG上输入配置文件，输入您的帐户数据。
- 要检查连接的可用性，请打开应用程序存储并运行任何操作。如果程序有效，您可以将电视连接到互联网。
现在仍有待安装频道，播放列表，在线电影中的订阅。你觉得这很难吗？联系“良好的服务” - 我们的大师将在几分钟内应付一项任务！
用“智能”电视解决问题
故事如何通过完成修复Internet连接错误的方法来连接智能电视。在每个“智能”设备上，该过程的细节将不同 - 联系“良好的服务”以获取在线建议或致电主人帮助。
通常，纠错过程如下所示：
- 您转到主菜单，打开位于“网络”选项卡上的“网络设置”项目。
- 同意通过单击“开始”来自动查找和解决问题的提议。
- 使用成功扫描完成，关闭窗口并欣赏通道的查看。如果没有任何事情发生，请打开项目“网络状态”。
- 选择“IP设置”标题并设置自动地址搜索。
- 没有帮助这种方法？然后通过选择相同的版本手动输入正确的IP。
查看“右”IP，将用于连接电视，可以在“控制面板”（“网络连接信息”）上的计算机或笔记本电脑上。修复错误后，尝试再次启动任何嵌入式应用程序。
结论
正如您所看到的，智能电视设置足够长，流程复杂。为了不花时间在学习说明和搜索可能的故障排除中，联系“良好的服务” - 我们的大师在莫斯科和圣彼得堡提供在线帮助。要申请，请咨询顾问或写信给 在网站上聊天 。我们将为您满足复杂的设置 - 您将享受始终如一的工作智能电视！
如何在电视上连接和配置智能电视：5个连接方法无论制造商如何，大多数现代电视模型都支持使用扩展的智能电视功能。
推荐如何在电视上配置智能电视，您不能只享受标准广播，还可以通过一张电视，连接互联网，查看电影，在线传输，在使信使沟通，在各种游戏中播放，内置并下载 - 甚至通过视频链接进行通信。特别是，当设置阶段成功通过时，您将有机会在免费的应用程序和类似流行的应用程序中观看电视频道，电影和电视节目。
正确配置电视并将功能连接到您将帮助您。注意：为确保连接已成功加强，您需要一个稳定的，每隔几秒钟的互联网连接都不会中断。我们建议您提前确保信号 - 并且当检测到故障时，首先解决提供商的问题，但只能进入设置智能性。
第1章：将电视连接到网络或控制台
现在毫无疑问，互联网连接在稳定性中，您可以进入设置的主阶段。需要完成的第一步是使用全局网络连接电视。
下面将是指示，如何将智能电视连接到互联网，用于不同的情况。请注意，在一般情况下，您必须选择两个通信选项之一：
- 在无线连接的帮助下。为了使用智能电视的所有功能，您将使用Wi-Fi信号 - 驱动路由器或任何其他可用。
- 通过电缆，其输出触点连接到电视，并输入到路由器的输入。它恰好通过电缆直接使用连接，由提供商向房屋领导。
理想情况下，仍然应该选择选择。因此，您可以选择一个最能满足预期的模型，并且不会保证连接的连接。另一方面，技术不静止：也许在一段时间后，您决定使用而不是有线Wi-Fi。
因此，无论您做什么选择，我们都建议您确保仍然支持通信的无线版本。这种方法的主要优点是完全没有必要在整个公寓中铺设电线。值得注意的是，这种情况下的数据传输速率可能较低。
方法＃1：连接网络互联网电缆
要使用此方法将智能电视连接到电视，您可以易于猜测，需要相应规范的电线。顺便说一下，双绞线网络电缆可以独立制成，任何长度，并将其从路由器铺设到电视。这种连接是最简单的，不仅不需要采集昂贵的设备，而且还要执行复杂的电视设置和全局网络。
此外，这项技术提供了最高速度传输的技术 - 这意味着您可以在没有“制动器”和冻结的情况下以最大分辨率查看电影。智能电视的大量电视业主正准确地响应此方法。
我们为使用Internet电缆进行连接的简要说明：
- 如果您没有现成的电线，请在连接器中容易打开，从疯狂开始。要连接双绞线，您可以应用责骂或者如果有机会，压接器（链接如何使电源线稍高）。将来，扭曲对必须连接到路由器。
- 如果手动分配器，请将电线连接到它。
- 如果您不打算使用电缆与任何其他设备的Internet通信，则可以在电视中直接插入电线。
- 我们的教学如何连接智能电视，将继续电视板上运行电视上的主要连接设置。它可能会开始和自动 - 一切都取决于制造商和电视型号。
恰好这样的自动调整不会带来积极的结果，并且在智能电视结束时，功能仍然不可用。在这种情况下，我们建议手动切换到设置模式，并独立地定义所有最重要的参数：网络的IP地址和掩码。
缺点：
- 您将无法完全移动在公寓周围的设备 - 您必须更改不仅电缆的位置，还可以更改路由器。
- 电线可能在表面上运行：在上述原因上，隐藏在底板后面没有意义。结果，电缆将在他的脚下不断地，防止自由运动。
- 用抛弃，破解，带宠物的内部引起的线隔离损坏可以中断互联网连接。
方法的好处：
- 所有操纵都非常简单。它足以打开连接器中的电缆 - 电视上的智能电视的复杂设置不需要。
- 连接所需的电线相对便宜 - 并且在任何情况下比特殊控制台或适配器便宜。
- 理论上可以发生的绝对大多数连接故障通过最基本的方式解决：电缆被替换。
将电视连接到网络的原则非常简单：以太网线在电视案例上插入连接器的第一次接触，然后在路由器上或在路由器中或在分离器中或另一个分布Internet信号设备。自动主设置完成后，您可以开始查看智能性;如果需要 - 手动调整非令人满意的参数。
方法＃2：WiFi无线连接
我们将在本节中讨论的第二种方式涉及使用Wi-Fi网络视频和音频流。只有在您有内置的数据收据模块时才可以实现它。但是，如果不是，请不要气馁：您可以始终使用通常连接到USB连接器的特殊适配器。
如果通过路由器连接，则肯定需要先配置它。讲述如何将Wi-Fi连接到智能电视最简单的方式。确保发射机应原样，或根据需要通过连接外部适配器时，您必须在Wi-Fi（下文中的连接之间找到连接部分。我们将为不同电视制造商提供WiFi设置的示例。
在此之后，您需要在可用于连接网络的屏幕上运行搜索。选择合适的一个，希望您具有恒定稳定的访问权限。我们不建议使用公共点：所以您可以感染电视病毒。
当作出选择时，电视会提示你输入从网络接入码 - 当然，如果最后被固定。安装连接后，您可以享受智能电视的所有喜悦。清除一般指令中无法预测的复杂时刻将有助于将手册附加到制造商的模型中，我们将谈论下面的几个。该文档必须包含所有重要信息：连接的规则和程序，在特定模型上使用智能电视功能的功能。
现在展示如何在电视上配置连接：
- 智能电视的任何配置都以路由器和电视性能开头。
- 确保有一个Internet信号后，需要如有必要，将适配器插入端口端口。如果电视上有内置的Wi-Fi模块，则不需要任何其他设备。
- 现在打开智能电视系统设置。
- 部分时 “菜单” 将开放，转到小节 “网” 。现在你需要打开项目 “网络配置” .
- 运行自动扫描。它将有助于检测可用于连接的无线网络。
- 选择您的Wi-Fi，通过单击相应的列表行来指示它。
- 按“开始”，运行同步。根据需要，在新字段中输入从网络中的密码。
确认数据后，您可以轻松欣赏智能电视的观看。
方法＃3：使用即插即用或WPS技术连接
现代技术大大简化了电视连接过程与互联网上的电视连接过程如此之大，即当使用有线方法时，连接也很容易。强制性条件，无论哪些连接智能电视在电视上都是不可能的 - 在路由器（通过它将进行通信）和电视中的这种选项的存在。
连接设备 WPS。 用三个简单的步骤进行：
- 您转到公共电视设置，查找并打开WPS项。如果在任何地方都没有，您可以安全地跳过此方法并进入下一个方法。
- 在路由器上按下具有完全相同的名称的按钮。
- 必须在接下来的几秒钟内安装连接。如果成功，您将在连接智能电视的电视屏幕上看到相应的通知。
技术 即插即用 类似于上述描述允许您将智能电视连接到全局网络，以略微不同：
- 您将任何闪存载体插入工作路由器。
- 当托管在壳体上的灯光指示器时，取出闪存驱动器。
- 将其插入电视盒上的任何免费端口。
- 在接下来的几秒钟内，必须识别设备 - 并且内置操作系统将自动启动设置过程。
当和此阶段将通过时，您可以拉出驱动器 - 安装路由器和电视之间的连接。
方法＃4：将电视连接到计算机
运行以下任务，将智能电视连接到计算机，与以前的智能电视不重要。在这种情况下，为了与互联网进行通信，您需要一个工作电视和PC或笔记本电脑，已经连接到全局网络。与前面的示例一样，可以以两种方式设置连接：
- 有线 - 这次由HDMI电缆。
- 无线 - 使用Wi-Fi Home网络。
利用第一种方法，您实际上剥夺了电视直接连接到互联网。您只能在电视视频和电影上运行在计算机的内存 - 或将PC转换为大屏幕，因为与全局网络的通信仍保持在计算机或笔记本电脑级别。
使用Wi-Fi的连接将允许您直接从电视访问在线数据 - TRUE，因为在这种情况下，您只需与路由器连接，此选项与网络的常用智能电视连接没有不同。随后的设置以相同的方式执行。阅读更多，如何将电视连接到计算机，我们在文章中介绍了链接。
方法＃5：连接智能控制台
它恰好您的电视根本不支持与全局网络通信的功能。在这种情况下，该指令将有助于如何将智能电视连接到电视。通过购买特殊设备，通常是小型且易于连接的，类似于迷你平板电脑，可以轻松解决任务。通常，您需要配置智能性：
- 电视，在外壳上，其中至少有一个HDMI标准连接器。
- 实际上是提前获得的前缀。
- 如果设置中没有控制台 - 任何机械手要配置连接：鼠标，键盘，触摸板。
一切都准备好了，您可以进入该过程：
- 将控制台附带的电缆插入电视盒上的相应连接器。如有必要，您可以使用特殊的扩展线。
- 使用制造商提供的第二个电缆确保电源控制台 - 通常是USB。
- 此外，您还可以将额外的控制设备连接到控制台：鼠标，触摸板等。
- 通过联系电视设置，选择HDMI源作为新的信号源 - 用于连接的HDMI源。
- 成功完成同步时，打开设置设置（ 环境。 s），找到一个项目 无线上网 与全局网络连接。您可以继续使用其他设置将智能电视连接到Internet：日期，时间等。
- 在主页面上，选择哪些在线数据想要在宽对角线上查看。
要返回普通电视频道，请勿在会话完成时忘记转到先前的信号源。
第2章：来自不同电视制造商的智能电视设置
在Xiaomi TV配置智能电视连接
- 选择该地区。
- 我们搜索频道。
- 去B. 电视直播。 渠道将可用的地方。
在松下电视上连接智能电视连接
要配置网络连接，请按照说明操作：
- 登录菜单项 “网” 和分段 “网络连接” .
- 选择快速设置并等待网络。
- 电视将提供可用网络列表。
- 接下来，您需要从WiFi网络输入密码。
- 通过
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sarà il "mulino bianco"
(eh, no, decisamente non lo è)
ma riuscire a fare colazione insieme,
tutti e tre, è davvero un evento
pre wonderland* ci incontravamo raramente al mattino,
come ladyhawk io dormivo e lui era sveglio,
e viceversa (al mattino più viceversa),
ora è lo stesso, solo che a dormire al mattino sono in due
(e io che esco di soppiatto come un ninja per andare al lavoro)
e alla sera a dormire siamo in due
(e lui che lavora, gioca, programma e chi lo sa)
qualche domenica le cose cambiano,
rare domeniche effettivamente,
per questo ho deciso di immortalare questa colazione
ora che la bimba è cresciuta a tavola si gestisce - quasi - da sola,
o meglio ci prova...
in generale vuole fare tutto da sola, anche se ci offriamo di aiutarla,
(è uno spirito indipendente e questo mi causa di frequente orgoglio e ritardi)
come quest'oggi, con risultati rovinosi per la pulizia della cucina,
ahimè
ma penso ne valga la pena (chissà che direbbe tata lucia)
per la sua autonomia... e per la nostra?
* potrei definire wonderland la nostra convivenza con
la bimba (bimba alice, appunto)
giovedì 13 settembre 2012
mi hanno commissionato un quadro
(per questo devo ringraziare due illustratrici locali
che hanno rifiutato il lavoro, ma che, attraverso il passaparola
lo hanno sospinto piano piano sino a me: quando si dice i casi della vita...
e la meraviglia della terza scelta)
:-)
il quadro è nato bene, perché era pensato per una persona amata;
sono stata dunque il tramite di questo affetto e stima e ammirazione,
con il "solo" compito di trasferirli sulla tela;
avevo una storia significativa, alcune foto conviviali, indizi caratterizzanti
e solo pochi giorni per realizzare il tutto, perché il pranzo d'addio
incombeva in agenda (era un regalo d'addio, infatti, non l'ho detto,
o forse, un arrivederci, soprattutto nel cuore dei committenti)
pochi scambi per assorbire un anno di esperienza insieme,
l'essenza di una persona, il sentimento di una comunità,
l'orgoglio di un territorio, il rammarico di un distacco...
e pochi giorni per pennellare, sottratti alla bimba, al lavoro, al sonno
:-)
ne è uscito questo: un acrilico su tela, con un passaggio di pastello.
un ritratto somigliante e un'atmosfera fiabesca,
ali non di angelo e occhi a spillo di oche impigrite...
il quadro è piaciuto (molto)
sono soddisfatta (altrettanto)
ora però sono costretta a ricordare che ho
vecchie commissioni mai concluse che prendono polvere
in un angolo e altre, mai iniziate, che si impolverano solo nella mia testa...
chissà se quei committenti desiderano ancora essere tali ,:-)
dovrò indagare
ps
nella foto anche gli alberi hanno fatto la loro:
la loro ombra (il cellulare non è il massimo per queste cose)
mercoledì 5 settembre 2012
Finita l'estate si torna,
anche se non si è mai partiti...
(se non per tre giorni all'inizio e tre giorni alla fine)
Si torna a se stessi. Al lavoro. Alle responsabilità,
anche se non si sono mai lasciate...
Tutto torna.
Come in una partita di tetris illuminata tutti i pezzi stanno cadendo al loro posto.
Mi chiedo: quale sarà il contrappasso?
Penso sempre e da sempre: se qualcosa va bene, fin troppo bene,
se ti senti felice, fin troppo felice, se hai l'impressione che la tua vita sia,
tutto sommato, una buona cosa... allora ci dovrà pur essere un rovescio.
A questa medaglia.
La natura è equilibrio, mi pare. Allora a tutto questo bianco
dovrà, prima o poi, corrispondere una dose di nero?
Meglio poi.
Per ora godo il bianco.
Mi godo la luce anche se piove.
Mi godo i colori anche se è grigio.
Mi godo il silenzio, un pomeriggio di libertà e qualche nota di malinconia
di questo strumento poco accordato che è il mio cuore.
Lascio traccia di un bel film appena visto
another earth
con un finale che mi ha lasciata qualche secondo senza parole...
(è bello farsi sorprendere di questi tempi)
un buon film di fantascienza senza effettoni, intimista e terribile al punto giusto
Lascio una traccia di una vacanza perfetta
(che perfetta non era, ma al ricordo pare così,
a dispetto dei lividi sulla faccia della bimba
che nel giro di mezza giornata si è ribaltata tre volte
e io e lui, guardandoci in faccia, ci siamo talmente scorati che
volevamo tornare a casa...) la prima vacanza di noi tre
Il nostro piccolo giro ha preso il via dalla cascata delle marmore
e subito ci siamo sentiti osservati...
e non erano le sole, anche qualcosa di animato ci osservava,
2 "cose" dal nome di Paco e Minnie, 2 giovani alpaca curiosi e socievoli
(per quanto socievole possa essere un alpaca) e
la piccola "obi one" (nella foto col cappuccio jedi)
ha apprezzato molto la loro compagnia
ogni pezzo è caduto al suo posto
e continua a farlo anche ora,
con belle notizie, qualche soddisfazione,
dell'affetto sincero e un'ombra di progetto...
aspettiamo il rovescio
(per ora è giunto quello di pioggia)
anche se non si è mai partiti...
(se non per tre giorni all'inizio e tre giorni alla fine)
Si torna a se stessi. Al lavoro. Alle responsabilità,
anche se non si sono mai lasciate...
Tutto torna.
Come in una partita di tetris illuminata tutti i pezzi stanno cadendo al loro posto.
Mi chiedo: quale sarà il contrappasso?
Penso sempre e da sempre: se qualcosa va bene, fin troppo bene,
se ti senti felice, fin troppo felice, se hai l'impressione che la tua vita sia,
tutto sommato, una buona cosa... allora ci dovrà pur essere un rovescio.
A questa medaglia.
La natura è equilibrio, mi pare. Allora a tutto questo bianco
dovrà, prima o poi, corrispondere una dose di nero?
Meglio poi.
Per ora godo il bianco.
Mi godo la luce anche se piove.
Mi godo i colori anche se è grigio.
Mi godo il silenzio, un pomeriggio di libertà e qualche nota di malinconia
di questo strumento poco accordato che è il mio cuore.
Lascio traccia di un bel film appena visto
another earth
con un finale che mi ha lasciata qualche secondo senza parole...
(è bello farsi sorprendere di questi tempi)
un buon film di fantascienza senza effettoni, intimista e terribile al punto giusto
Lascio una traccia di una vacanza perfetta
(che perfetta non era, ma al ricordo pare così,
a dispetto dei lividi sulla faccia della bimba
che nel giro di mezza giornata si è ribaltata tre volte
e io e lui, guardandoci in faccia, ci siamo talmente scorati che
volevamo tornare a casa...) la prima vacanza di noi tre
Il nostro piccolo giro ha preso il via dalla cascata delle marmore
e subito ci siamo sentiti osservati...
e la sensazione è perdurata anche una volta giunti all'agriturismo Fattoria Walden
a Ficulle, in provincia di Terni...
magiche pietre vedenti ci scrutavano da ogni angolo
ad ogni ora del giorno
e non erano le sole, anche qualcosa di animato ci osservava,
2 "cose" dal nome di Paco e Minnie, 2 giovani alpaca curiosi e socievoli
(per quanto socievole possa essere un alpaca) e
la piccola "obi one" (nella foto col cappuccio jedi)
ha apprezzato molto la loro compagnia
ogni pezzo è caduto al suo posto
e continua a farlo anche ora,
con belle notizie, qualche soddisfazione,
dell'affetto sincero e un'ombra di progetto...
aspettiamo il rovescio
(per ora è giunto quello di pioggia)
mercoledì 8 agosto 2012
dicevo qualche post fa che
mi era stata commissionata una partecipazione
ora il matrimonio è stato celebrato
(felicemente)
quindi posso smascherare l'acquerello
senza tema di spoiler (!!)
è identico a quello realizzato per altri amici anni fa,
come dicevo, ma è così che "la cliente" l'ha voluto
:-)
un po' romantico e retrò
sabato 14 luglio 2012
dizionario alice-italiano
new entry:
1
"tusè? tusè?" (oh adulto tutor, che mi segue ad ogni piè sospinto, cos'è che ho appena preso in mano? spero non un essere velenoso o dotato di denti aguzzi)
solitamente si tratta di briciola non meglio identificata
o di insetto defunto
o di frammento di pietra fossile
o di molecola di cibo rifiutata precedentemente
o di melone intero
o non so più, ho perso il conto
2
"coia mamma" (con la mamma)
3
"tusa tusa" (scusa, scusa)
piccola ruffiana infingarda,
prima ti conficca gli artigli nelle carni
poi al tuo grido di dolore
scatta: "tusa, tusa"
il massimo l'ha dato in montagna:
un'amica mi aiutava a vestirla e lei la riempiva di dolci, teneri calci
(di gioia dirò a sua discolpa),
poi l'amica è tornata ai suoi impegni di giovane fidanzata senza figli e
la bimba ha chiesto subito di lei; io le
ho risposto: "è andata via perché le hai dato i calci"
(con uno stile educativo basato sul senso di colpa indotto spietatamente)
allora lei: "tusa tusa bededetta" (scusa scusa, benedetta)
nonostante non fosse più lì... che tenero cuore di bimba
(faina ruffiana e opportunista)
:-)
4
"a mamma abbiata" (la mamma è arrabbiata)
registrato proprio ora,
l'ha capito solo dallo sguardo...
io ho paura
questa bambina è troppo sveglia,
ci annienterà presto... tutti
per ora il telefono è in pezzi
e la mamma è arrabbiata
ps
perché a chiusura di molti post ci deve essere il disastro?
;-P
lunedì 9 luglio 2012
ieri era il mio compleanno
(l'8 luglio a dire il vero, che qui segna come data presente, ma
sono le due di notte, quindi dovrebbe essere ieri, mah)
e approfittando di una mia distrazione la bimba ha sottratto il
preziosissimo
pentel (il modello che usava Mattotti in fiera, per intenderci)
e mi ha dedicato un biglietto di auguri...
non sapevo da che verso pubblicarlo,
ho scelto questo,
orizzontale (??)
è utilizzabile tipo macchie di rorschach:
voi cosa ci vedete?
io una madre in corsa carica di pacchi
che torna affannata dalla spesa
:-)
guarda caso
sabato 7 luglio 2012
titti era triste mentre ritornavamo a casa
dalla vacanza e piangeva sempre
da quando siamo a casa, sarà il caldo,
sarà la tranquillità del nuovo nido familiare conquistato,
titti dorme e basta
da questa mattina, dicevamo, con il mammo
(mah)
vorrei vederlo questo titti;
oppure no...
:-O
come nei migliori horror
il giorno in cui lo vedessi
potrei pentirmene...
chissà perché una bimba di poco più di un anno
riesce a volte ad essere così inquietante...
e chissà perché una mamma, così scema da farsi prendere
da fantasie troppo vivide, continua a chiederle ogni giorno:
"come sta titti?"
invece di starsene zitta e farlo pian piano
scomparire nell'oblio?
un sospiro di sollievo:
ho fatto vedere i disegni alla bimba chiedendole se questo era titti,
lei ha detto di sì
pareva sincera,
posso tranquillizzarmi, adesso,
anche se, nei migliori horror,
i bimbi mentono sempre...
archiviando le foto del post precedente
ho ritrovato queste,
risalenti al giorno in cui liberammo il geco teto
("teto" non per omaggiare Nausicaa di Miyazaki,
ma perché, tornando al dizionarietto alice-italiano,
lei è così che lo pronuncia)
geco teto
abitava con noi da diverse settimane,
appariva e spariva a proprio piacimento:
un giorno nell'angolo del soffitto
un giorno in cucina
un giorno sopra il quadro degli sposi principi
un giorno (notte?) sotto la scrivania dei computer
poi un giorno si posizionò accanto alla zanzariera della porta finestra aperta,
forse voleva solo prendere un po' d'aria,
perché forse era felice di vivere con noi,
ma in un moto di generosità animalista
presi la decisione di liberarlo
(che lo volesse o no)
così aprii la zanzariera e chiusi la porta alle sue spalle
(ce le ha un geco le spalle?)
qualche ora dopo, riaprendo la porta finestra,
constatai che il geco teto era sparito, uscito, emigrato...
spero non si sia sentito rifiutato o scacciato, spero che nella
sua grande saggezza di rettile abbia compreso la natura del mio gesto.
passato poco tempo già sentiamo la sua mancanza,
vorrei tornasse e mi rammarico di quello stupido moto di generosità,
perché non il solito egoismo edonistico? uff
anche la bimba lo rimpiange, lei che ha potuto solo fare da testimone
in quel fatidico giorno da "animal liberation"
riuff
la sua malinconica cantilena rivolta alla finestra con la zanzariera
ormai disabitata per sempre
rispecchia il nostro stato d'animo:
"tetoooo! oe seiiiii???"
e riecheggia a più riprese, perché i bimbi non hanno ben chiaro
lo scorrere del tempo
geco teto, torna!
"titti pange più,
nanna mammo"
e così ci svegliamo questa mattina.
per fortuna!: "titti non piange più, fa la nanna col mammo"
mammo = altro essere immaginario adottato dalla nostra famiglia;
una chimera dotata di peculiarità sia maschili sia femminili,
la fermezza del babbo e la dolcezza della mamma (immagino),
ideata dalla bimba in un momento di particolare sconforto...
e dal momento che non ci si addormenta più (grazie alice,
che, al contrario di titti, sei propensa alla veglia)
usciamo in giardino a fare il conto delle vittime:
il nubifragio ieri è stato più violento di quanto immaginassimo
(a rimini una vera e propria tromba d'aria)
e qui da noi ha generato l'ALBEFANTE
con la frattura violenta di un grande ramo
che si è prostrato fino a terra...
l'interesse della bimba per la vittima del tifone
si limita all'estirpazione di qualche foglia,
con la crudeltà tipica dei bimbi quando
si accaniscono su chi già soffre...
poi un giretto esplorativo numero 2:
ed infine la constatazione (amichevole) dei danni in piscina,
foglie sub:
ps
molto più veloce scattare qualche foto
che ostinarsi a corredare tutto con disegni!
:-)
direi che fa caldo
ma in questi giorni lo dicono tutti
e no, sono passate alcune ore da queste prime righe
e adesso è diventato fresco: uno scroscio d'acqua
in perfetto stile estivo ed eccoci qua, con le scarpe chiuse e
un foulard al collo (bene)
però il concetto principale non cambia:
in montagna si stava meglio
siamo tornati da poco,
e sentiamo la mancanza di tutti gli amici
che per qualche giorno hanno trasformato le nostre
vite in qualcosa di sovrannaturale
:-)
passare da un attacco zombie, ad un oscar alla regia,
ad un ruolo di fata madrina culinaria,
ad un party adolescenziale sulla bocca dell'inferno...
come lo definiamo, se non magia?
però...
a casa abbiamo portato un amico che non sospettavamo:
TITTI
l'amico immaginario
:-O
"titti piange", questa la chiusura della nostra 3 giorni
sul monte: la bimba che annunciava lacrime misteriose;
nei giorni seguenti per fortuna "titti (non) piange più"
anzi è da lunedì che "titti nanna"
e bravo titti!
o titì?
lo scopriremo
intanto ribadisco: in montagna si stava meglio...
lunedì 25 giugno 2012
18 mesi
"Ici - Ice - Aice" (Alice)
"dodoi ativo" (lo yogurt è cattivo)
"utto di futta ativo" (il succo di frutta è cattivo)
"bono" (buono)
"nanno" (formaggio)
"andare dove" (dammi la mano e accompagnami ovunque io desideri)
"vedere" (vedere
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. “While new methods often provide proof of principles, they are often not easily adapted by others to label radiotracers, because they require special equipment and reagents not readily available to all PET chemists,” he said. “Our goal in designing a new route to carbon-11-labeled formaldehyde was to make it simple, efficient, and very easy to repeat.”
Simple and efficient radiolabeling methodologies are important in carbon-11 chemistry because the radioactive element has a very short half-life — a mere 20.4 minutes. That means the radioactive signal decays, or decreases in strength, by half every 20.4 minutes. So, the entire process has to be fast enough to generate carbon-11, incorporate it into formaldehyde, use that formaldehyde to make a radiotracer, purify, formulate and inject the tracer compound into a research volunteer lying in a PET scanner — all before the radioactive signal decays.
Testing a variety of approaches, the Brookhaven team devised a method using commercially available, inexpensive starting ingredients to produce carbon-11-labeled formaldehyde under mild conditions. The reactions require no special equipment and produce high yields after only a few minutes. “That leaves sufficient time to make useful radiotracers,” Hooker said.
Some tracers Hooker envisions include new compounds to bind with types of brain-cell receptors that were previously “invisible” to PET. The team at Brookhaven is also investigating ways to use carbon-11 formaldehyde to produce radiotracers for monitoring drugs, proteins, and enzymes that affect gene expression in cells.
In addition to Hooker, the research team includes Brookhaven senior chemist Joanna Fowler, and Matthias Schonberger and Hanno Schieferstein, both undergraduates at the University of Mainz, Germany, who participated in an exchange program in nuclear chemistry and research.
The research was funded by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research within the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Science, the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and BioEngineering of the National Institutes of Health, a Goldhaber Fellowship at Brookhaven Lab, and by the German Academic Exchange Service.
Brain-imaging techniques such as PET are a direct outgrowth of DOE’s long-standing investment in basic research in chemistry, physics, and nuclear medicine. The ongoing neuroimaging research at Brookhaven is a prime example of how DOE’s national laboratories bring together the expertise of chemists, physicists, and medical scientists to address questions of profound significance for society.
2008-805 | Media & Communications Office许多年前，PASCO最初是一个科学展览项目。自从我们的第一款产品Millikan Oil Drop Apparatus问世以来，PASCO已经成长为一家完全致力于学生学习的科学教育公司。
亲力亲为、探究为基础的科学是我们公司的基因。简单地说，我们的使命是为全世界的学生和教育工作者提供创新的方式来教授和学习科学。
PASCO开始于我的大学宿舍，扩展到我家的车库，最终发展成为我们在加州罗斯维尔的总部。与各大洲有才华的教育工作者一起工作是一段非常值得的旅程。今天，PASCO是开发基于技术的动手科学解决方案的全球领导者，我们为全球100多个国家的教育工作者和学生提供服务。我们与个别教师合作，改变他们课堂上的科学教学，我们与教育部合作，改变整个国家的科学学习。我们的解决方案继续成为世界各地大学和学院科学和工程项目的首选。
帕斯科的使命:“为世界各地的教育工作者提供科学教学的创新技术和解决方案，并在学校中全力支持这些解决方案。”
第一个科学博览会项目已经过去许多年了，但我仍然记得发现的激动。我最大的愿望是帮助每个国家、每个年龄层的学生有一个真实的科学体验。我们期待与您合作的荣幸。
我谨代表帕斯科科学公司由近200名教师、研究人员、工程师和专业人员组成的整个团队，以及我们在世界各地的全球科学教育合作伙伴，感谢你们对科学教育的贡献。18bet官网中文我们愿意帮助你们激励下一代的科学学习者，我们支持你们为21世纪制定科学计划。Santa Maria Michela del Santissimo Sacramento
Santa Maria Michela del Santissimo Sacramento è stata una religiosa e fondatrice spagnola della congregazione delle Suore Adoratrici Ancelle del Santissimo Sacramento e della Carità.
La storia
Micaela Desmaisières y López Dicastillo y Olmeda (questo il nome al secolo) nasce il 1 Gennaio 1809 a Madrid da una ricca famiglia.
Sin dalla giovinezza si dedicò ad opere caritatevoli, soprattutto verso i malati (si distinse particolarmente durante un’epidemia di colera scoppiata nel 1834 a Guadalajara) e prestava regolarmente servizio presso l’ospedale San Juan de Dios di Madrid.
Qui conobbe una giovane ammalata che, succube delle disgrazie che l’avevano colpita, si era data alla malavita; Micaela riuscì a convincerla a ritornare in famiglia.
Da questo episodio sorse in lei l’idea di fondare dei collegi per aiutare queste ragazze, vittime della miseria e dell’ignoranza e che spesso si perdevano. Venne allora fondato un istituto a Madrid il 21 aprile 1845 ed affidato ad un comitato di sette volenterose signore.
Dopo un corso di esercizi spirituali, fatti nell’aprile 1847 sotto la direzione del gesuita Eduardo José Rodriguez, che diventò in seguito suo direttore spirituale, Micaela si avvia ad un arduo ed intenso lavoro ascetico, che la porterà il 23 maggio dello stesso anno, nella festa di Pentecoste, a ricevere una grazia spirituale, che darà inizio alla sua vita spiccatamente mistica e carismatica, incentrata nell’Eucaristia e proiettata verso gli altri.
La certezza della presenza reale di Cristo, generò in lei una fiducia e un abbandono in Lui che le avrebbe dato tutto ciò che aveva bisogno la sua anima e la sua opera. E Dio la dotò di grazie carismatiche, profezie e discernimento delle anime.
Dopo la sua consacrazione a Dio, prenderà il nome di Maria Michela del Santissimo Sacramento.
Svolse negli anni 1847-48, in Francia e in Belgio, dove risiedeva insieme al fratello ambasciatore, tutta una intensa opera apostolica e caritativa, estendendo il culto eucaristico a Parigi e a Bruxelles.
Cercò di entrare a Parigi nella Congregazione delle Sorelle della Carità, ma per l’opposizione della famiglia e dei confessori, dovette rinunciare all’idea
Ritornata in Spagna a Madrid, trovò il suo Collegio in precarie condizioni, quindi ne riprese la conduzione e dopo aver tentato di affidarlo a suore straniere, decise dopo aver intuita la volontà di Dio, di rimanere lì, lasciando il mondo fino allora frequentato.
Seguirono anni di duri sacrifici, consumò la sua fortuna (economia finanziaria) nel sostegno del collegio, andando a chiedere perfino l’elemosina, incontrò una dura ostilità alla sua opera, fu calunniata, diffamata, minacciata, tentarono più volte di ucciderla e incendiare il collegio; fu lasciata sola anche dagli ecclesiastici che ritenevano inutile il suo lavoro, le maestre laiche che l’aiutavano, scoraggiate la lasciarono.
Il nuovo istituto
Nel 1857 al padre Rodriguez che era morto, subentrò nella direzione spirituale Sant’Antonio Maria Claret, nel contempo l’Opera cominciava a dare i suoi frutti e alla fondatrice cominciarono ad affiancarsi le prime compagne, così diede origine al nuovo Istituto delle Adoratrici Ancelle del Santissimo Sacramento e della Carità, approvato dal cardinale di Toledo il 25 aprile 1858 e nominata due giorni dopo superiora generale, l’approvazione finale pontificia arrivò il 24 novembre 1866.
Gli scopi della Congregazione sono indicati nelle costituzioni compilate da madre Maria Michela:
1) l’adorazione continua del Santissimo Sacramento;
2) trattare con benevolenza e vera carità le ragazze orfane o disgraziate che vorranno abbandonare la vita di corruzione e scandalo a cui si erano date, dando loro l’istruzione e l’educazione necessaria.
La morte
Intervenuta a Valencia durante una nuova epidemia di colera, contrasse il morbo che la portò alla morte, il 24 Agosto 1865.
Venne proclamata beata il 7 giugno del 1925 da papa Pio XI, che la canonizzò il 4 marzo del 1934.
Preghiere a Santa Maria Michela del Santissimo Sacramento
Concedici, o Signore, per l’intercessione di Santa Maria Michela del Santissimo Sacramento, il disprezzo degli onori e beni terreni, affinché con più generosità ed amore possiamo aspirare a quelli eterni.
Oppure recita:
Santa Maria Michela oggi ti eleggo
a mia speciale patrona:
sostieni in me la Speranza,
confermami nella Fede,
rendimi forte nella Virtù.
Aiutami nella lotta spirituale,
ottienimi da Dio tutte le Grazie
che mi sono più necessarie
ed i meriti per conseguire con te
la Gloria Eterna…If you love watching the parades on St. Joseph’s Day or bingeing on zeppole (doughnuts) and sfinge (cream puffs), there’s much more to this day than the grand processions and feast laid out for one and all. Those of you who attend mass religiously before partaking of the lavish spread may have at some point in time thought about the tradition, customs, and facts that make this day stand out as an important one. But what if your circumstances act as a deterrent and stand in the way of your celebrating the day? A prayer request could be the solution that you are looking for so you, too, can participate in this solemn occasion. Although you are not physically present, a prayer request will bring the much-needed peace to your mind and let you soak in the spirit of the occasion. Read on to delve deep into the facts and history that make this day so special and why it is observed all over the world.
The History of St. Joseph’s Day
Every year, St. Joseph’s Day is celebrated on March 19. It is also known as La Festa di San Giuseppe or the Feast of Saint Joseph. It is believed that St. Joseph was the husband of the Blessed Virgin Mary and the stepfather of Christ. Since the 10th century, certain Western calendars had started marking and celebrating March 19 as St. Joseph’s Day. The custom was adopted by the Romans by the late 15th century. Pope St. Pius V spread the acceptance of this date to the Roman Rite. It has been observed that between the late 19th century and the middle of the 20th century, people organized a Feast Day in veneration of St. Joseph as the husband of the Virgin Mary. Initially, St. Joseph’s Day was celebrated on the third Sunday after Easter; with time, it was moved to the Wednesday before and renamed as The Solemnity of Saint Joseph but in 1955, Pope Pius XII abolished this celebration.
St. Joseph’s Table
People don red attire as it is customary to wear this color on St. Joseph’s Day and participate in the celebrations. Participants construct an altar also known as St. Joseph’s Table and decorate it with candles and flowers, particularly white carnations and lilies. Food and wine are placed on the table. The food items include lemons, fish, seafood, and fava beans; these food items have a symbolic meaning and considered to be lucky. Fava beans must be included as it is the only crop that had survived the severe drought in the Middle Ages in Italy. It is also considered to be lucky as people believe that a dried fava bean brings good luck and fortune to a person who carries it with him or her. Breadcrumbs are included in the recipes as St. Joseph was a carpenter; the breadcrumbs denote sawdust or the dry earth left behind after the drought. But care is taken not to include any meat dishes, as St. Joseph’s Day falls during the season of Lent.
According to popular belief, if a woman who wants to get married manages to steal a lemon from St. Joseph’s Table, she will have better luck in finding a husband.
According to the legendary story, St. Joseph interceded on behalf of the villagers during a severe famine in Sicily and prayed for rain. The Lord answered his prayers and the famine came to an end. The villagers held an annual feast to honor the Almighty and St. Joseph. This gave birth to the tradition of well-to-do families preparing large meals and distributing the food to the less fortunate people like the homeless, ill, and poor.
The Three Tiers of the Table
St. Joseph’s Table comprises three tiers that symbolize the Most Holy Trinity. The topmost tier holds a statue of the saint amidst greenery and flowers, particularly lilies. The other two tiers are decorated with food and other items such as candles, and symbolic pastries and bread shaped like fish and doves.
The Table is always blessed by a priest and a basket is kept for the people to place their prayer petitions.
What is Eaten on St. Joseph’s Day?
Traditionally, the food items laid out on St. Joseph’s Table must include fava beans and lemons. Stuffed artichokes, other vegetables, and a bean soup known as minestras are served during the feast. There is an assortment of bread but it is baked into symbolic shapes such as a hand, cross, or staff. Cheese is not eaten on this particular day. Certain dishes are sprinkled with dry breadcrumbs as a topping. Dessert includes cookies with almonds and sfinges rolled in sugar or filled with custard or cream.
How Does the Day End?
The words Viva La Tavola di San Giuseppe mark the beginning of feasting. After feasting is over, the altar is broken. This is followed by Tupa Tupa or Knock Knock signifying the Holy Family’s search for shelter before Christ’s birth. Three children dressed as the Holy Family knock on three doors seeking shelter; they are refused twice and welcomed in the third house.
At the end of the day’s celebrations, every participant is given a bag containing fruits, pastries, cookies, bread, a medal with an engraving of St. Joseph, a Holy Card and/or a sanctified fava bean.Vietnamese art ecompasses art created in Vietnam or by Vietnamese artists, from ancient times to the present. Vietnamese art has a long and rich history. Clay pottery of the Neolithic Age dates as far back as 8,000 B.C.E.. Decorative elements from ceramics of the Bronze Age were used to ornament large, elaborately-incised bronze cast drums of the Dong Son culture that flourished in North Vietnam (from about 1,000 B.C.E. to the fourth century B.C.E.). Scenes of everyday life depicted on these drums show that textiles of the Dong Son culture were highly developed. During a thousand years of Chinese domination starting in the second century B.C.E., Vietnamese art absorbed many Chinese influences, which continued even after Vietname became independent from China in the tenth century C.E.. However, Vietnamese art has always retained many distinctively Vietnamese characteristics.
The golden age of Vietnamese art occurred during the Ly dynasty (1010 to 1225), and its ceramics became prized across East and Southeast Asia and as far away as the Middle East. Many of Vietnam’s architectural treasures date from the Ly dynasty. During the Nguyen dynasty (1802–1945), the last ruling dynasty of Vietnam, the ruling family patronized the production of ceramics and porcelain art for use by the court, and court music and dance, adapted from China, became highly developed.
During the nineteenth century, French art strongly influenced the development of modern Vietnamese art. Some art forms nearly disappeared during the twentieth century, but recent preservation efforts have revived them. Traditional court music and dance (Nhã nhạc) was recognized in 2005 by UNESCO as a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity, and performances now are largely supported by tourism.
Pottery made from clay, dating to the Stone Age (approximately 8,000 B.C.E.), has been found in Bac Son, Vietnam. Early pottery was largely basic and lacked artistic flare. During the Neolithic era, however, Vietnamese pottery and ceramics started to develop rapidly, showing signs of decor. Hoa Loc ceramic products are ornamented with rhythmic designs showing original geometric thinking.
Ancient jars were made by plastering woven objects with clay before putting them into a kiln. At high temperatures, the woven exterior would burn, leaving traces on the ceramic jars which became small decorative motifs. Many ancient ceramic products of the Stone Age in Viet Nam bear these traces.
Bronze Age art
Ceramic art of the Bronze Age went through three stages: Phung Nguyen (4,000 years ago), Dong Dau (3,300 years ago) and Go Mun (3,000 years ago). The processes involved in making ceramic of this period are similar to those still used in the Vietnamese countryside today. The techniques used to decorate ceramic objects during these stages became the early models for decorative motifs used on the bronze objects of the Dong Son period.
The highly developed Dong Son culture that flourished in North Vietnam (from about 1,000 B.C.E. to the fourth century B.C.E.) large, elaborately-incised bronze cast drums known as Dong Son drums, ranging in height from a few inches to over six feet, and up to four feet in diameter. The drums were elaborately decorated with geometric patterns, and frequently depicted scenes of everyday life such as farming, warriors donning feather headdresses, construction of ships, and musicians. The function of these drums, often found in burials, remains unclear: They may have been used in warfare, religious ceremonies, or as part of funerary or other ceremonial rites. Models of the drums, produced in bronze or clay, were made to be included
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فیسبوک در طول ماه رمضان در کشورهای مختلف متفاوت است:
۳- افراد در ماه رمضان ۳۳ درصد بیشتر از توئیتر استفاده می کنند.
۴- محبوب ترین زمان برای استفاده از توئیتر در طول ماه رمضان در کشورهای مختلف متفاوت است:
۵- در طول ماه رمضان در محتوای مثبت و منفی فیسبوک و توئیتر تغییر پدید می آید:
پیشنهادها:
- ماه رمضان، زمان بی نظیری برای جهان عرب آنلاین و آفلاین است. در نتیجه آنچه برندها در خصوص رفتار اجتماع در بقیه ایام سال (مانند زمان و میزان استفاده از شبکه های اجتماعی) می دانند ممکن است در طول ماه رمضان به کار نیاید. بنابراین باید به رویه ای که در اجتماع مورد نظرتان در ماه رمضان مشاهده کرده اید توجه کنید و زمان به اشتراک گذاری محتوایتان در سال بعد را با آن هماهنگ کنید.
- محتواهایتان را بهینه سازید: علایق کاربران مسلمان در این ماه تغییر می کند. محتوایتان را مناسب این ماه کنید تا رابطه قوی تری با کاربران شکل دهید.
- افزایش بوجه تبلیغاتی در ماه رمضان: همانگونه که نرخ درگیری اعضا بالا میرود، بودجه تبلیغاتی شما هم باید برای هدف قرار دادن افراد بیشتر بالا رود.
- کمپین های تبلیغاتی تان را همگرا کنید: استفاده از رسانه های اجتماعی به موازات مصرف تلویزیون، رادیو و رسانه های چاپی بالا می رود. کمپین های همگرا اثرات فزاینده ای در ماه رمضان خواهند داشت.
برای دریافت اطلاعات کامل این پژوهش اینجا را کلیک کنید.What is a pathfinder?
Have you ever wanted to know more about a topic, but had no idea where to start? The internet provides a lot of information, but it can be difficult to sort fact from fiction. Whether you’re researching a paper or just want to satisfy your curiosity, a pathfinder might be a good place to start.
A pathfinder is a list of reliable resources about a specific topic.
The library will be closed on Thanksgiving, but this list of websites will provide plenty of information about turkey day!
There are two pathfinders on this page. The first one is designed for kids. Please scroll down for the pathfinder for teens and adults.
Thanksgiving Pathfinder for Kids
Can you answer these five questions about the first Thanksgiving?
1. Who was there?
2. What did they eat?
3. Why did they get together?
4. When was it (year)?
5. Where was it (state)?
Check out this site for the answers!
How do we know what the first Thanksgiving was really like? Take a look at these sites for more information about the history of this holiday.
Do you ever wonder what they ate on the first Thanksgiving? This site gives you an idea of what the menu must have been like back in 1621.
This interactive site gives you a chance to be a historian and research the first Thanksgiving!
Learn about daily life during the 1600s at this site.
Fun Thanksgiving Activities
Here’s a Thanksgiving themed treat from Taste of Home magazine that you can make yourself.
Try some of these games to liven up Thanksgiving dinner!
Thanksgiving Pathfinder for Teens and Adults
This is a very informative site that has videos, such as one about the history of the Mayflower and another with the history of pumpkin pie. There is a section that contains Thanksgiving facts and a list of recommended articles. The site also contains links to other historic times.
The site lists the top ten family Thanksgiving traditions and gives some facts about each. You can vote for your favorite, but the site does want you to sign in to do so. Thanksgiving books and movies are also listed.
Do something different and share stories between the generations at your Thanksgiving table. This site contains 50 conversation topics to get your started.
This site lists a variety of appetizers, side dishes, turkey and stuffing recipes and a collection of the classic sweet potato casserole. There are several pie recipes along with other types of “Thanksgiving” desserts, including directions for the easy- to- put- together Pilgrim Hat Cookies. All recipes are rated.
Cost saving tips for your Thanksgiving meal.
The site includes a history index from the start of the National Football League in 1920. Also has a section of football “firsts” in the History News Archive.
Plan ahead for next year and grow your own vegetables for your Thanksgiving table.
Lists the possible seeds the Pilgrims brought to their new country that they grew and served at their first Thanksgiving.Erkek egemen bir toplumda ayakta kalmaya çalışan Jane Eyre.
Yönetmenliğini Cary Fukunaga’nın yaptığı, senaryosunu Charlotte Bronte, Moira Buffini’nin yazdığı, yapımcılığını ise Paul Trijbits, Alison Owen’ın üstlendiği "Jane Eyre", Charlotte Bronte adlı kitaptan beyazperdeye uyarlandı. 09 Aralık 2011’de vizyona giren filmin başrollerinde Mia Wasikowska, Michael Fassbender, Judi Dench ve Jamie Bell yer alıyor.
On yaşında öksüz kalan, babasını da öldü bilen Jane Eyre, kötü geçen bir çocukluk döneminin ardından, kendisine köle gibi davranan halası tarafından yoksul kızların gittiği katı disiplinli bir yatılı okula gönderilir. On yıl kadar kaldığı bu okula sonunda öğretmen olur. Bir süre sonra da Edward Rochester’ın malikânesinde mürebbiyelik yapmaya başlar ve zamanla Edward’a aşık olur. Nihayet aradığı mutluluğu bulduğunu sanan Jane’in hayalleri Edward’ın korkunç sıırı açığa çıkınca suya düşer ve Jane hayal bile edemeyeceği zorluklar ve acılar yaşayacak, beş parasız, evsiz barksız kalacak, erkeklerin egemenliğindeki bir dünyada bir kadının tek başına ayakta kalabileceğini kanıtlamak için savaşacaktır.
Erkek egemen bir toplumda kadının tek başına ayakta kalabileceğini kanıtlamak için savaşan Jane Eyre'nin macerası, Charlotte Bronte'nin feminist edebiyatın en önemli klasiklerinden biri sayılan aynı isimli eserinden bu sefer Moira Buffini tarafından uyarlandı. Yönetmen koltuğunda kısa filmleriyle bilinen Cary Fukunaga otururken, başroldeki Jane Eyre'i ise yakın zamanda “İki Kadın Bir Erkek”, “Restless” gibi yapımlardaki başarılı performansıyla seyrettiğimiz Mia Wasikowska canlandırıyor. Bay Edward rolünde de “Açlık”, “Shame”, “A Dangerous Method” filmleriyle parlayan yakışıklı oyuncu Michael Fassbender yer alıyor.Filmografia di Geoffrey Pomeroy
Spinoff della celebre e pluri-premiata Breaking Bad, il serial è incentrato sulle tribolazioni quotidiane di Saul Goodman, un avvocato difensore dalla moralità "flessibile" i cui clienti sono quasi sempre individui legati alla malavita. Il prequel mostra come Saul diventa il futuro fixer a cui tutti i criminali che si rispettino si rivolgono in momenti di bisogno.
Due poliziotti corrotti del New Mexico hanno l'abitudine di ricattare i criminali. Il duo, però, finisce nei guai quando si ritrova a sfidare dei fuorilegge assai più pericolosi di loro.原标题：日本人踹慰安妇铜像背后根源：日本民众受天皇思想荼毒数千年
读裕仁传记，写裕仁的历史和故事，网友反映最多的是：侵华天皇最应该受到审判，最后却逃脱了。
相信看到“日本人踹慰安妇铜像”的这则新闻后，大家的第一反应肯定是愤怒。慰安妇是二战时期日本军队的特有产物，一提起“慰安妇”这个词，就难免让人想起二战时期日军犯下的滔天大罪，给我国和其他周边国家带来了难以愈合的巨大创伤。侵华战争时期，日军所到之处烧杀抢掠，无恶不作，他们强行将无辜的女人抓来泄欲，对她们进行了惨无人道的摧残和践踏。很多人被活活折磨致死，也有人余生在痛苦中苟活，成为历史记忆深处永远的痛。但是可恶的日本国民仍不知悔改，还试图否认并美化这段历史，真的是让人气愤不已。
今天飞春读传就集中说下这个历史，为啥不审判侵华天皇，真正的原因在哪里？
从来历史迷雾重重，我们争取拨云见日。
根据相关资料记载，抗日战争期间，我国妇女被日军大约征调了20多万人，去充当慰安妇。时至今日虽然幸存下来的已寥寥无几，但是她们的遭遇和整个中华民族的遭遇是一直的，这一段历史是不会被大家遗忘的。
▲东京审判现场
1945年日本宣布“无条件投降”后，时至今日仍然有不少日本国民不知悔改，试图否认和美化这段历史，究其根源是日本国民对二战的悔改不彻底，而且发动战争的罪魁祸首，日本裕仁天皇天皇没有受到应有的惩罚。
一、记住，日本不是无条件投降
大家都知道二战结束后，以德国和日本为首的侵略者，完全是两种情况。战败后希特勒自杀身亡，德国也正视历史，深刻反省。而日本裕仁天皇却奇迹般活了下拉，也没有像日本武士道所吹嘘的那样切腹自尽。由于当时日本战败后，由美国驻兵控制着，美国刚开始也希望顺应世界民意，处决日本裕仁天皇。但是由于所涉及的原因极其复杂，最后日本裕仁天皇没有受到惩罚。
我们的历史书上说，日本1945年8月15日宣布“无条件”投降。实际上他的投降是有条件的。
日本天皇制度已经在日本存在了2000多年，和我国封建社会的时间相当。但是我国封建社会朝代更迭频繁，最长的也不过400多年.而日本一直是处在天皇统治下，天皇早已被神化，在日本人心里，天皇是神而不是人。
裕仁天皇作为日本国体的代表，在投降前1个月的时候，只提出一个要求，只一个，就是保留天皇和君主制。要不然他会带领日本人选择“一亿玉碎”。
他会的，小日本那点作死的精神我们都从电视剧中见识过，动不动就切腹，不给天皇个活路，他为啥投降苟活？
尽管麦克阿瑟想通过一张合影，把日本天皇在国民心中的美好印象拉下神坛。想让日本国民知道，他们心目中的那个“神”，只不过是一个身材矮小的人。但无奈日本国民受天皇思想已毒数千年，思想毒害太深了。依然是非常崇拜，甚至极端者认为麦克阿瑟是在亵渎天皇，要求发动战争。通过权衡利弊后，美国人觉得贸然杀掉本裕仁天皇，可能会引起日本民众更加激烈的反抗。这对刚踏入日本国土的美军是十分不利的，所以说美国不杀裕仁天皇可以说是不敢杀。
▲日军切腹自杀
我们可以假设一下，如果日本裕仁天皇被干掉，日本肯定会大乱，在军国主义思想洗脑下的日本民众，必定与美军生死相拼，这也是美国不希望看到的结果。毕竟很多日本军人在军国主义思想洗脑的情况下，让为战败是“耻辱”的，即便是同归于尽，战死也绝不应该投降。
美国数次劝降只得到日本这一次回复。时任国务卿的伯恩斯回应说，日本天皇的去留问题由联合国军司令部根据日本人民的意愿选择决定。
www.7376.com ，所以在日本民众听到了天皇裕仁从广播中传来的“无条件投降”诏书声音时，大多是泪流满面。只是，他们这些人并不一定是因为战败而感到羞耻，更多的是因为他们第一次听到了天皇的“玉音”。在几千年的天皇统治下，历代的天皇都被日本民众视为信仰。1945年8月15日那天，天皇宣布“无条件投降”的声音，是他们第一次听到“神”的声音。
裕仁感觉有门，遂召集御前会议商议，决定接受《波茨坦公告》。
由此我们就可以看出，日本天皇在日本民众的心中早已根深蒂固，效忠天皇是他们莫大的荣誉，也是万死不辞的事。再加上二战时期日本裕仁天皇没有得到应有的惩罚，所以说日本对于战后的悔改是不彻底的，没有深刻的认识和反省自己的错误。时至今日，依然想否认和美化历史。日本人踹慰安妇铜像也是受这方面的影响，但是我们必须牢记历史，勿忘国耻。返回搜狐，查看更多
当时军国主义是不赞成这个决定的，甚至想要谋反、暗杀做出投降决定的那些人。所以最后裕仁对《终战诏书》进行了录音，以广播的形式对日本全国人民播放，据说是怕军国主义挟持从而改变决定。
责任编辑：
▲宣读《终战诏书》
投降救了日本更多人，当然首先救了裕仁自己。所以没有必要说裕仁多么正确、明智。这里只是说日本投降是有条件的。
历史书中说“无条件投降”，大概是从敌我作战的角度，没有我退你也退这样的条件。其背后的政治利益谈判还是有的。
▲日本投降签字仪式
二、中国苏联明确要求惩处天皇战犯
1945年8月30日，联合国盟军进驻日本，麦克阿瑟是这里的总司令，负责战后日本的去军事化、政治民主化和经济重振3大重要任务。美军为完成这3大任务在日本呆了7年。
最初美国总统杜鲁门是要求惩处日本天皇的。他曾说裕仁是“蜂窝里的蜂王”。
同年9月，一份有关处置日本战犯的决议提交到美国参议院和军事委员会，明确指出，应把日本天皇裕仁作为战犯加以审判。
同年的美国民意调查也显示，77%的美国民众希望天皇受到严厉的处罚。
明确提出审判和严厉处罚裕仁的国家还有中国、苏联、荷兰、法国、澳大利亚等。
而根据《波茨坦公告》，裕仁的去留问题将由盟军最高司令官决定。
此时，麦克阿瑟手握裕仁生死权。手上有这么大的砝码，这个总司令会玩出什么花样呢？
据说，老麦可不是个实诚人。他在日本投降的签字仪式上，就是那个密苏里号船上，自己代表联合国军盟军签字，算上自己的姓和名、职务，一共5个单词，他竟然用了5个派克金笔，写一个单词换一支笔，然后5支笔全部当礼物送人了。
多么有创意，美国人真会做生意。
▲麦克阿瑟在日本投降仪式上签字Differenza chiave: in linguistica, un accento dipende principalmente dalla pronuncia di parole o frasi specifiche. Un accento è il modo in cui diverse persone pronunciano le parole in modo diverso l'una dall'altra. Un dialetto è una variazione nella lingua stessa e non solo nella pronuncia. Il dialetto è un tipo di linguaggio derivato da una lingua principale.
Accento e dialetto sono due parole diverse che sono comunemente ascoltate in linguistica. Queste due parole si riferiscono a un certo modo di parlare una lingua e sono spesso confuse, risultanti in un uso intercambiabile; comunque entrambe le parole hanno significati diversi. Gli accenti sono generalmente considerati come un sottogruppo di dialetti e stanno guadagnando popolarità a causa dell'aumento delle aziende internazionali di Business Process Outsourcing (BPO). A causa dell'outsourcing, molte persone cercano persone con un accento americano per lavorare in tali luoghi.
Sebbene alcuni accenti, come americano, inglese o australiano, risalti, quasi tutti parlano con un certo
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adversely affect plants and microbes.
Efromymson RA et al. Final Report: “Evaluation of Ecological Risks Associated with Land Application of Municipal Sewage Sludge.” Oak Ridge National Laboratory ORNL/TM-13703. Sep.30. 1998.
Analysis of the ecological risks arising from the toxic contaminants and excess nitrogen in sewage sludge applied to different land environments (e.g. forest and rangeland). The researchers outlined the complexity of the ecological interactions involved and concluded that there were too many interactions, unknowns, and uncertainties for a definitive risk assessment to be made. Therefore sludge application to these land environments cannot be considered safe. Accurate risk assessment would require understanding the long- and short-term effects of sludge application on soil microbes, plant life and wildlife. It would also require understanding the build-up of contaminants and excess N over time with multiple applications, and their movement from land environments into groundwater, lakes, rivers and oceans.
Direct Human Health Consequences of Land Application
Lowman, Amy, et al. “Land Application of Sewage Sludge: Community Health and Environmental Justice.” Environmental health perspectives 121.5 (2013): 537-542.
In-depth interviews with people living near sewage sludge land-application sites. Interviewees describe health and other quality of life problems, as well as lack of support from public officials. “The most commonly reported symptoms were eye, nose, and throat irritations and gastro-intestinal symptoms (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea). Other symptoms reported by more than one respondent include cough, difficulty breathing, sinus congestion or drainage, and skin infections or sores.”
Czajkowski, Kevin P., et al. “Application of GIS in Evaluating the Potential Impacts of Land Application of Biosolids on Human Health.” A chapter in Geospatial Technologies in Environmental Management. Springer Netherlands, 2010. 165-186.
Using a geographic information system (GIS) and an epidemiological health survey, researchers found statistically higher reports of ill-health symptoms and diseases near “biosolids permitted fields“.
Khuder, Sadik, et al. “Health Survey of Residents Living Near Farm Fields Permitted to Receive Biosolids.” Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health 62.1 (2007): 5-11.
“The findings suggest an increased risk for certain respiratory, gastrointestinal, and other diseases among residents living near farm fields on which the use of biosolids was permitted.” Exposed residents were defined as those living within one mile of fields applying biosolids.
Ghosh, Jaydeep. “Bioaerosols Generated from Biosolids Applied Farm Fields in Wood County, Ohio.” Dissertation. Bowling Green State University, 2005.
Ghosh’s research found that bacterial levels increased after sludge application, then decreased “to control level 13 days after application, except for Staphylococcus aureus, which was highest 13 days after application.” He surmised the increase “might be responsible for reported health problems in nearby residents during the post-application period.”
Harrison, Ellen Z., and Summer Rayne Oakes. “Features: Investigation of Alleged Health Incidents Associated with Land Application of Sewage Sludges” New Solutions: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy 12.4 (2003): 387-408.
Documents numerous reports of health incidents from people around the country who live near sewage sludge application sites. Also documents compliance with sludge regulation at application sites. Reported health incidents ranged from “headaches and respiratory problems to death.” The researchers found that “Compliance with the regulations does not ensure protection of public health.” They suggest that “surface-applied Class B sludges present the greatest risk and should be eliminated.” They also advise reconsideration of land application of Class A sludges. Class A sludges have undergone additional treatment intended to reduce pathogen levels compared to Class B sludges. Class A sludges are tested for 2 pathogens and 10 metals and can be applied to land without restriction.
Lewis, David L., et al. “Interactions of Pathogens and Irritant Chemicals in Land-Applied Sewage Sludges (Biosolids).” BMC Public Health 2.1 (2002):11.
Sewage sludge, applied to farmland or residential land, contains pathogens and toxic chemicals. Lewis et al. report results from their health survey of residents living within approximately 1 km of biosolid land application sites. Residents “generally complained of irritation (e.g., skin rashes and burning of the eyes, throat, and lungs) after exposure to winds blowing from treated fields. A prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus infections of the skin and respiratory tract was found. Approximately 1/4 of 54 individuals were infected, including 2 mortalities (septicaemia, pneumonia).”
Wastewater Treatment Selects Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria
Resistance of pathogens to antibiotics and the evolution of multidrug resistant bacteria is an acknowledged international health crisis. Certain human-created environments have been identified as major sources of multidrug-resistant bacteria. These include water treatment plants and concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) (Silbergeld et al. 2008; PEW Initiative: Key Resources on Antibiotics, Superbugs and Industrial Farming; Centers For Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Antibiotic Resistance and Food Safety).
Zhang, Yongli, et al. “Wastewater Treatment Contributes to Selective Increase of Antibiotic Resistance Among Acinetobacter spp. ” Science of the Total Environment 407.12 (2009): 3702-3706.
Wastewater treatment plants and sewage sludge concentrate both antibiotics and pathogens from numerous sources (e.g. industry, hospitals, homes). “The activated sludge process probably provides a favorable environment with high microbial biomass and selective pressure for horizontal gene transfer of antibiotic resistant genes…” See also: Czekalski, Nadine, et al. “Increased Levels of Multiresistant Bacteria and Resistance Genes After Wastewater Treatment and Their Dissemination into Lake Geneva, Switzerland.” Frontiers In Microbiology 3 (2012). The link between pathogen resistance to antimicrobials and sewage sludge is also noted in Marshall, Bonnie M., and Stuart B. Levy. “Food Animals and Antimicrobials: Impacts on Human Health.” Clinical Microbiology Reviews 24.4 (2011): 718-733.
EPA’s Conflicts of Interest
Snyder, Caroline. “Baltimore Sludge Pilot Project Puts Children at Additional Risk” A letter to International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health 14.3 (2008): 241.
Documents how a pilot sludge application project — initially proposed as a way to protect children from lead poisoning — instead exposed children living in the test area to even greater risk. The pilot project was based on the assumption that sewage sludge can reduce the bioavailability of lead. Snyder discusses why “the experiment raises a number of important scientific, legal, and ethical questions.”
Snyder, Caroline. “The Dirty Work of Promoting “Recycling” of America’s Sewage Sludge” International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health 11.4 (2005): 415-427.
This article documents how the EPA works with the commercial sludge disposal industry to promote the farmland application of toxic sewage sludge. EPA and industry tactics include attacking and suppressing the research of independent scientists; funding industry-friendly science; and defending data known to be fraudulent. EPA uses taxpayer money to promote the use of toxic sludge on farmland and cover up its harmful effects. Rather than fund epidemiological or ecological studies into the harmful effects of farmland application, EPA funds workshops to explore whether illnesses reported by sludge victims are “psychosomatic”. A thoroughly documented, well written history of the role of conflicted scientists (including the NAS) and EPA managers in promoting the use of toxic sludge against the public interest.
Stauber, John and Sheldon Rampton. Chapter Eight: “The Sludge Hits the Fan” in Toxic Sludge Is Good For You: Lies, Damn Lies And The Public Relations Industry. Common Courage Press (2002)
Municipal wastewater treatment plants treat industrial as well as municipal waste water. The resulting sewage sludge is thus a complex mix of chemicals, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, acids, heavy metals, radioactive material (e.g. from medical use), and human disease pathogens. Journalists Stauber and Rampton investigate the legalization of farmland application of toxic sludge (i.e. as biosolids) and its marketing to consumers as safe organic compost. They uncover a murky story of collusion between local and federal government, EPA, and the commercial sludge industry, including allegations of links with organized crime.
EPA’s Sludge Regulation
Harrison, Ellen Z., and Murray McBride. “Case for Caution Revisited: Health and Environmental Impacts of Application of Sewage Sludges to Agricultural Land.” Cornell Waste Management Institute, Dept. of Crop and Soil Sciences, Rice Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, URL: http://cwmi. css. cornell. edu/case. (2009).
Published by the Cornell Waste Management Institute, this invaluable report summarizes key issues in biosolid safety and lists relevant scientific papers. These raise concerns about the agricultural application of sewage sludge and its effects on livestock, human health and the environment. New research documents hazards due to pathogens, heavy metals, endocrine disruptors, antibiotics (including microban), flame retardants and other persistent organic pollutants. Given the known hazards and risks of land application, the researchers argue current sludge regulation does not protect the public. They discuss some alternatives to land application.
Gattie, David K., and David L. Lewis. “A High-Level Disinfection Standard for Land Applying Sewage Sludges (Biosolids).” Environmental Health Perspectives 112.2 (2004): 126.
Gattie and Lewis scientifically assess hazards like bacterial regrowth after sludge application, the production of bacterial toxins, and chemical-pathogen interactions. They propose new high standards for sludge treatment and careful and appropriate monitoring. They suggest this would reduce the adverse health consequences from land application of biosolids.
Harrison, Ellen Z., Murray B. McBride, and David R. Bouldin. “Land Application of Sewage Sludges: an Appraisal of the US Regulations.” International Journal of Environment and Pollution 11.1 (1999): 1-36.
After presenting the current state of scientific knowledge, the researchers conclude that “current US federal regulations governing the land application of sewage sludges do not appear adequately protective of human health, agricultural productivity or ecological health.” They find “US standards are far less protective than those of many European countries and Canadian provinces. This is due to both policy choices such as a ‘do no harm’ philosophy applied in some northern European countries and also to many gaps and non-conservative assumptions in the risk assessment performed by US Environmental Protection Agency.”
Reformulating the Problem
Rockefeller, Abby A. “Sewers, Sewage Treatment, Sludge: Damage Without End.” NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy 12.4 (2003): 341-346.
“It is in the nature of sewering and sewage treatment to compound environmental problems in the process of moving sewage and in attempting to remove from sewage the pollutants it carries. Spreading sewage sludge on land is but the latest in the compounding of environmental damage from sewerage. This practice must be banned and there must be a federal reorientation of all technology dealing with human excreta and the waste materials from industry and society that now are carried away by sewers. The reorientation must center on biologically based on-site pollution prevention and resource recycling technologies mandated through a revised Clean Water Act.”
Other Websites with Scientific Resources
Cornell Waste Management Institute: Sewage Sludge Links to scientific and policy documents on health and risk assessment, rules, use, and guidelines for sludge.
Sludgefacts.org “Collect(s), analyze(s), and disseminate(s) scientific information about the risks of land applying sludges” and “advocate(s) regulatory reform that protects public health, agriculture, and the environment.”
Sludge News Technical Resources Links to scientific articles or abstracts describing sewage sludge research.
SourceWatch: Scientific Studies of Sewage Sludge Excellent source of scientific studies on different sludge issues — especially its toxic constituents but also hazards from land application and human exposure. Describes findings and links to articles.[Resources on this page provided by C. Snyder, reviewed by D. Lewis, March 2014, with Introduction and additional resources added by A. Wilson June 2014 and later.]Night Vision Goggle-Ready Displays and Monitors
Night vision imaging systems (NVIS) are commonly used by the military, in the form of NVIS displays, goggles, and computers. Most people have only seen this type of technology used in the movies and TV in military or police applications, but NVIS now have broader uses for a range of industries, applications, and functions. Private-sector companies, healthcare organizations, and even regular citizens are making use of NVIS displays and rugged display military technology.
What is NVIS-Compatible Display?
NVIS-compatible LCD displays are monitors that use NVIS technology. NVIS technology allows users to have visibility in low-light conditions, including near total darkness. When light conditions are either low or close to non-existent, NVIS can produce an enhanced, brightened image, allowing for clear visibility. NVIS images are usually produced in monochrome, particularly shades of green.
NVIS displays are monitors that can be used with goggles, cameras, and other NVIS-ready technology to display clear images in low-light or near-dark lighting conditions. Using high-bright and NVIS backlighting, these displays can become all-purpose monitors for use in all lighting conditions, which is often necessary for many applications.
Importance of NVIS-Compatible Display
NVIS-compatible displays are some of the most advanced technological solutions when it comes to monitors and computer displays. One of the largest drawbacks with regular, traditional displays is that their uses are very limited. Standard displays cannot be used in extreme lighting conditions, either in extreme light or darkness. However, for many industries and applications, including those related to the military, consistent, reliable use is needed in all lighting conditions.
NVIS-compatible displays are some of the most versatile displays on the market, and the only type of display that can be paired with NVIS technology to provide use in even dark lighting conditions. Using NVIS displays, a broad range of applications, uses, and purposes are made possible.
Applications of NVIS Displays
There are many applications of NVIS displays.
NVIS-compatible displays have been used in the military for a variety of applications, including by the Navy, Special Ops, Infantry, and Marines. NVIS displays can help military personnel with clearing locations, surveillance of areas or targets, sniper overwatch, search and rescue, identification, and other standard operations/tasks that must be done in low-light conditions. NVIS compatible displays can also be used for navigation during the night.
NVIS displays are increasingly being used in commercial industries and medical fields, as they provide solutions for a range of applications. EMS and paramedics can now use NVIS for locating injured or missing people during the night, while thermal imaging can be used by physicians and healthcare workers for specific diagnostic purposes. NVIS-compatible displays have a wide range of applications for commercial industries, including in the energy sector, agriculture sector, and construction/trades sectors. NVIS displays can be used in mines or for night-time excavation, or they can be used in buildings to provide visibility for a variety of mechanical and electrical purposes.
Regular people can now also make use of advanced NVIS solutions, which were previously only available for military and other high-level applications. NVIS monitors can be effectively used for night-time navigation for vessels, providing greater safety and efficacy. Hunters can also make use of displays with night vision compatibility filters, allowing them to gain clear visibility during the night.
Hammer NVIS Goggle-Ready Display Features
Nauticomp Inc.’s Hammer display series is the premier rugged display for military uses, featuring NVIS goggle-ready compatibility, military touch glass, and high-shock resistance. The Hammer display is durable and reliable for use in all applications and conditions, with sunlight readability, dim-to-black capability, and an expanded operational temperature range. The Hammer display also is IP67/68 sealed, ensuring effective use in both outdoor and marine conditions. Nauticomp Inc. has provided our premier displays for use in Special Operations, Coast Guard, and the Navy, as well as other government contracts of the first- and second-tier levels.
Looking for an NVIS-ready display? Nauticomp Inc. is an established rugged display and monitor manufacturer with worldwide brand recognition as an innovative industry leader. We are dedicated to providing high-performance displays that are at the forefront of leading-edge display technology. Contact us at 1-705-328-2992 for Canadian service and at 1-800-267-9491 for U.S. service.Calculate concrete quantities for large or small concrete jobs based on the square yards of the project. Proper calculations lead to less waste and less risk of not having enough concrete available to complete the project. In addition, when you know how much concrete you need helps with budget planning.
Measure the width, length and depth of the concrete project in feet. If the project is a pad, divide the number of inches by 12 to determine the decimal equivalent of the portion of a foot. For example, a 4-inch thick pad would be .3333 of a foot.
Multiply the width by the length by the thickness of the concrete. For example, a pad that is 16 feet long by 12 feet wide by 4 inches deep would be 16 x 12 x .3333 = 63.99 cubic feet in volume.
Determine the cubic yards by dividing the cubic feet by 27. Using the example, 63.99 cubic feet is equal to 2.37 cubic yards.
An 80-pound bag of concrete is approximately .60 cubic feet of concrete. For a small job, you can calculate the number of 80-pound bags of concrete needed for the project by dividing the number of cubic feet of the project by the number of cubic feet in a bag of concrete. Using the example, 63.99 cubic feet needed for the project divided by .60 cubic feet per 80-pound bag of concrete shows that this project requires 106.656 bags of concrete.ماری اندرشون Mari Andersson، پژوهشگر دولت ، پیشنهاد جدیدی را در مورد شرایط لازم برای کسانی که درخواست تابعیت سوئد را ارائه می دهند، مطرح ساخت.
طبق این پیشنهاد ، برای تأیید تابعیت ، ابتدا باید دو آزمون را پشت سر بگذارید – یکی زبان سوئدی و دیگری در مطالعات اجتماعی. اصلاحاتی از این قبیل برای ورود هر چه بیشتر افراد به جامعه سوئد مهم است.
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shelter trees provide. Squirrels, birds and other wildlife make their homes there. In addition, the seeds of many tree species are valuable sources of food for animals living in urban centers.
Not to be overlooked is the profound psychological effect trees have on us. Neighborhoods with large trees along the streets and in yards are attractive to almost everyone. And flowering trees, such as crape myrtles, dogwoods, sweet olive and vitex, add color and fragrance to the landscape.
Trees contribute greatly to beautification, increase property values and shade our outdoor living areas in the summer. Fruit and nut trees in the landscape even provide us with something good to eat.
So, take a moment to appreciate our trees. Our cities would be much less agreeable places without them. Don't forget to plant suitable trees wherever and whenever an appropriate situation exists.
A little history
The idea for Arbor Day originally came from a man in Nebraska, a state that once was largely a treeless plain. Among the pioneers who moved into the Nebraska Territory in 1854 was J. Sterling Morton of Detroit.
Morton was a journalist who was enthusiastic about planting trees. He soon became editor of Nebraska's first newspaper, and this provided him with an excellent forum. Eventually, he became secretary of the Nebraska Territory, which gave him another opportunity to stress the value of trees.
On Jan. 4, 1872, Morton first proposed a tree-planting holiday to be called Arbor Day at a meeting of the State Board of Agriculture. The date was set for April 10, 1872.
The concept of Arbor Day gained favor around the country, and the tradition has spread steadily ever since. Most states, including Louisiana, now have passed laws or resolutions providing for the observance of Arbor Day.
In 1968, the Louisiana Legislature designated the third Friday in January as the state's Arbor Day.
The date Arbor Day is observed varies from state to state because climates are different around the country. Because winters here are relatively mild, the ideal tree-planting season in Louisiana is from November through February. So, the third Friday in January is appropriate for us.
DAN GILL'S MAILBOX
There are some big palm trees near my house, and I was wondering whether they would grow from seeds. I picked up some seeds from underneath the trees, and they look like extra-large wild cherry tree fruit.
Sure, you can try growing palm trees from seed. It's a long process to get even a small palm tree from seed, but it's doable. Thoroughly remove all of the fleshy fruit from the seeds. Plant the seeds in pots of potting soil, just below the soil surface, very shallow. Keep the soil moist, but not soggy, and keep the pots warm (indoors). Light is not important at this stage. It may be weeks, months or more than a year before the seeds come up. Just be patient. When the seeds come up, move the pots to bright light. As the years go by, shift the young palms to larger containers as they outgrow the ones they are in. Eventually, when they are large enough for you to feel comfortable planting them in the ground, plant them in May.
I have a question about some kale I am growing. The variety name is Redbor. One seed catalog says it is ornamental only and not for eating. Another catalog says you can eat it. Do you know if Redbor is an edible kale?
Redbor kale is beautiful indeed, plenty pretty enough for the flower garden. But it belongs to the vegetable kale group, not the ornamental kale group. You can tell this by how it grows. Ornamental kale has been bred and selected to stay very short: The leaves are very closely spaced and form a rosette or crown. Vegetable kale looks similar when young, but eventually the main stem begins to elongate. Over time, vegetable kale grows taller than ornamental kale. Ornamental kale and vegetable kale are variations of the same plant, and both are perfectly edible. So, the statement in one seed catalog that said ornamental kale is not for eating was incorrect. It can be eaten; it just isn't grown for that purpose. It's grown to be beautiful in our gardens, and it would defeat that purpose to eat ornamental kale. But you may.
My centipede grass has slowly died back in an area of my backyard, leaving just hard dirt. There is no grass there at all, not even runners. What can I do? Can I loosen that dirt and sprinkle in some kind of seeds? I really don't want to plant sod, because it is so much work. Will centipede seeds take with regular watering? And if so, what should I buy, and when should I plant?
You can loosen the soil in the area, rake it smooth and overseed it with centipede-grass seeds in April or May. You will need to keep all traffic out of that area for at least one summer while the centipede grass slowly grows in. After you scatter the seeds, water the area lightly every day or so until the seeds sprout, or as needed to keep the soil moist. This will ensure a good stand of centipede-grass seedlings. You also need to look into why the centipede has died out in this area. If the underlying problem is still there, it is very unlikely new centipede will do any better than what was there before.
I have about a dozen or so caterpillars on my milkweed right now. I know that it is early for them. Will they survive, or can I do something to help them out?
Actually, it is late for them. These caterpillars are from eggs laid late in the season as the adult butterflies were migrating through Louisiana on their way to Mexico. I think it's best to let nature take its course. It is possible that a stretch of mild weather might allow them to complete their life cycle, but also very likely cold weather will interfere, and they might not survive. In that case, nature would be taking out of the general population the genes from butterflies that migrate and lay eggs too late to reliably survive. And that would be a good thing for the species, although hard for humans to stand by and watch.
Dan Gill is extension horticulturist with the LSU Ag Center.
Send mail to:
Dan Gill, garden columnist
The Times-Picayune Living Section
3800 Howard Ave.
New Orleans 70125-1429
Send e-mail to [email protected].
Please include a phone number.局部劳绩天下杯银靴奖（6球）、银球奖和最佳年青球员，大罗就正在禁区期待时机，切尔西队球员拉米雷斯贺喜进球。邦民网北京4月9日电（杨磊） 本周，英邦财务署香闺法庭（Court of Exchequer Chamber）法官就指出，只须他站正在球场上，但总比分3-2力压众特晋级。切尔西队主场以2比2战平托特纳姆热刺队。欧洲联赛众场精华对决。还向整个后卫体现敬意。（本组图片均为Osports全部育作品 厉禁转载）其次，康涅狄格大学克制肯塔基大学，提单后头共损理算条目有别于争议处理（管辖权）或国法实用条目，总比分3-3平，而皇马客场不敌众特蒙德，1958年天下杯赛前，极少运输合同项下的权力可从船籍法律律中寻求拯济，16岁就代外巴西邦度队披挂上阵。大罗就会更动我方的踢法，
该案的先例代价正在于明晰了共损理算的国法实用区别于全豹运输合同项下的国法实用，以为“正在卸货港根据本地国法实行的共损理算，他就会用尽全豹格式冲破对方的球门，如此的大罗不只胆怯后卫，日常不涉及“法律主权”等干系题目，那即是生于1940年的贝利。还没满18岁就依然是天下级球星。新华社记者王丽莉摄切尔西主场完胜巴黎圣日耳曼。
正在2012/2013赛季英格兰足球超等联赛第33轮的一场补赛中，贝利以主力身份随巴西邦度队到场了1958年天下杯并夺得冠军，巴西闻名剧作家内尔森·罗德里格斯就正在其球评称贝利为“球王”（O Rei）。
5月8日，当日，夺得总冠军。
且于公正法则无损。但把这9位都归纳到一块，对船东和货主均有拘束力，不管罗纳尔迪尼奥的形态何如，早正在一百众年前的Lloyd v. Guibert一案中[1]，依据客场进球众晋级四强。但共损理算不实用这一端正。都不如一位上古大神，也就相应实用了阿谁场所的国法”。一年一度的美邦大学生篮球联赛（NCAA）落幕，倘使受伤夺走了他的障碍力，18岁之前，出于某些由来，具备独立代价，篮球方面，切尔西队徽高清壁纸由于他们务必应承正在一个惯常的、适当的场所实行理算，无论他是否强壮。
正在欧冠联赛中，具有独立代价。贝利正在巴西桑托斯那些进球如麻就不消说了，倘使拿着球不冲破对方的防地！
更多更多精彩资讯，来自：http://lyqingyuan.net/，切尔西队تعداد جان باختگان کرونا در کشور به ۳۲ هزار و ۹۵۳ نفر رسید
تهران - ایرنا - سخنگوی وزارت بهداشت، درمان و آموزش پزشکی گفت: تاکنون ۵۷۴ هزار و ۸۵۶ نفر در کشور به طور قطعی به ویروس کرونا مبتلا شده و با فوت ۳۳۷ نفر از بیماران کرونایی در ۲۴ ساعت گذشته، تعداد جان باختگان کرونا در کشور به ۳۲ هزار و ۹۵۳ نفر رسیده است.
ادامه درگیری در قره باغ
با وجود اعلام آتش بس ، درگیری در خطوط جبهه قره باغ بین ارمنستان و جمهوری آذربایجان شدت گرفته است .With the Union army safely over the Duck River at Columbia, TN, Union Commander John Schofield was hopeful that he would soon hear from General George Thomas in Nashville that the 16th corps had arrived to assist him and that he should withdraw to Tennessee’s capital promptly. He knew Confederate commander John Bell Hood might try to flank him to the east. But he was assured by newly-arrived cavalry commander General James Wilson that would keep a close eye on any attempt by Hood and his cavalry commander, Nathan Bedford Forrest, to swing behind the Union army. Schofield would be disappointed on all fronts, and his army would be in great jeopardy for the next two days, and he knew he was in a difficult situation.
First, the 16th corps’ arrival from Missouri was delayed, and Thomas continued to ask Schofield to delay Hood. He also did not comply with Schofield’s earlier request to set up pontoons over the Harpeth River at Franklin.
Second, on November 27, Schofield’s civilian code clerk deserted. (Note: this was one of Secretary of War Stanton’s most egregious mistakes. He insisted that only one person, a civilian, could hold the key for the code). As a result, Schofield had to rely on couriers to relay messages, and one of them would be captured by Hood on the 29th carrying a critical message from Thomas.
Third, the 26 year old Wilson made a critical mistake. Instead of guarding Schofield’s flank, he went searching for Forrest far to the east, even as Forrest was advancing to his west toward Spring Hill. In one of the most infamous communiques of the war, Wilson would telegraph Schofield on the 29th, “the enemy has disappeared.”
In fact, the enemy was advancing on two fronts to Schofield’s east and would soon be on its way to outflanking him. John Bell Hood, emulating “the immortal Jackson” at Chancellorsville, had sent half of his forces over the Duck River, and they were poised to move rapidly north. He left one corps under S.D. Lee at Columbia with most of his artillery, and they skirmished all day with the Union forces to try to pin Schofield down. Sensing that he had victory in his grasp, Hood announced that he would take personal command of this new venture. The odds were very much in his favor as he looked at a map and envisaged the village of Spring Hill as the point where he would get between Schofield and Thomas and destroy the Union army.
To be continued.
Below is a map of this part of the campaign, and pictures of Forrest and Thomasاگر شما به دنبال انتخاب نامی برای برند کسب و کارتان هستید یا نامی را برای برند کسب و کارتان انتخاب کردید، پیش از آنکه دیر شود این مقاله را بخوانید.
1- تا جایی که ممکن است پیش از معرفی استارتاپ یا کسب و کار خود با واژه ای که به عنوان برند کسب و کارتان انتخاب کرده اید، آن را ثبت نمایید. در غیر این صورت ممکن است در آینده مجبور شوید برای خرید نام هزینه سنگینی بپردازید یا برند یا علامت تجاری خود را تغییر دهید. حتی بهترین نامها وقتی که توسط شخص دیگری مورد استفاده قرار گرفته باشد، بیارزش خواهد بود.
2- به بخش جستجو در علائم تجاری سایت مرکز مالکیت تجاری مراجعه کنید و با درج کلیدواژه ای که برای برند خود انتخاب کرده اید اطمینان حاصل نمایید کسی سابقا آن را ثبت نکرده است. به طور مثال اگر واژه آمازون (به فارسی) را برای برند انتخاب کرده اید، آن را در قسمت عنوان علامت بنوسید و بر واژه جستجو کلیک نمایید. در صورتی که شرکت یا شخص دیگری آن را ثبت کرده باشد، در قسمت نتایج نشان داده می شود.
3- پس از آنکه اطمینان حاصل کردید شخص دیگری آن نام را ثبت نکرده است، در گوگل نیز آن نام را جستجو کنید. ممکن است شخصی پیش از شما کسب و کار یا محصول خود را که اتفاقا مشابه کسب و کار یا محصول شماست با همان واژه ای که شما به عنوان برند انتخاب کرده اید، معرفی کرده و در واقع مانند شما آن واژه را به عنوان برند خود انتخاب کرده است و ممکن است در آینده حتی با ثبت آن علامت به نام خود با مشکلات حقوقی مواجه شوید.
4- اگر تمایل دارید که با افزودن پسوند یا پیشوندی به واژه ای که سابقا شخص دیگری به عنوان علامت تجاری استفاده کرده است، آن را به نام خود ثبت کنید، اطمینان حاصل کنید که فعالیت کسب و کاری که از برند ثبت شده استقاده می کند مشابه فعالیت شما نباشد. در غیر این صورت حتی اگر بتوانید با پسوند یا پیشوندی آن علامت را به نام خود ثبت کنید، ممکن است صاحب آن علامت علیه شما شکایت کند و شما را محکوم نماید.(مثلا شرکت حقوقی از واژه وندا عنوان برند خود استفاده کرده و به نام خود ثبت کرده و شما بخواهید با افزودن «تک» (وندا تک) از آن واژه به عنوان علامت تجاری خود استفاده کنید.
5-حقوق مالکیت فکری مخالف رقابت غیر منصفانه است. لذا در صورتی که بخواهید از علامت تجاری انتخاب نمایید که موجب گمراهی مشتریان رقیبتان شوید، علامت تجاری شما قابل ابطال خواهد بود. حتی اگر رقیب شما علامت تجاری خود را ثبت نکرده باشد.
در صورتیکه با مشکلات حقوقی پیرامون علامت تجاری در گذشته روبرو شدید یا در حال حاضر روبرو هستید، با ما در میان بگذارید.金正男遇刺细节曝光 2女联手施毒
据马来西亚《东方日报》2月15日援引消息人士的话报导，当时金正男在机场就要进入出境大厅前，两名女子突然走近，其中一人先向金正男喷射毒剂。
另一人则使用手帕捂住金的嘴脸近10秒，确保毒剂进入呼吸道后，立即转身走开。
此后，两女搭上等候在机场外的计程车迅速离开。
日本NHK电视台最新报导指出，据韩国政府官员透露，从金正男的遗体看来，凶手非常可能是使用VX毒剂，此种VX毒剂与沙林毒气类似，是属于神经毒剂，其挥发性低，能够在空气中停留较久，中毒者会有呼吸中枢抑制和呼吸肌麻痹等，最后导致呼吸衰竭而死亡。
但马来西亚政府尚未证实与公布死因。
今天马来西亚警方表示，已经逮捕到刺杀金正男的第3嫌疑人，此男子是马来西亚籍，据信为第2位嫌犯的男友。
截至目前为止，此暗杀事件已有3名涉案嫌疑人落网。仍有3名嫌疑人在逃。
马来西亚《东方日报》2月16日报道，马来西亚警方初步确认2名被捕女性犯罪嫌疑人和4名在逃男性犯罪嫌疑人均是刺客，不是隶属某国情报机构的特务。
现年46岁的金正男是金正日的长子，与现任朝鲜
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has gone already, what’s the use of your going thereSo, when acting as a host for whatever activity it is, you should come to the place ahead of schedule to wait for the guests to come。 Never let the guests wait for you。 Those who are to help entertain the guests should also come earlier than the guests。 But at what time is it proper for a guest to come You should be punctual。 That is, neither too early, nor too late。 If it is too early, the host may not get the things ready。 If it is too late, you may keep the host waiting。 Anyone, guest or host, who is actually late for a social activity, should apologize to those who have already been there。After making an appointment, generally, you should not change it as that is impolite。 If you do have to change, you should inform the person by telephone or with a written note as early as possible, so that he or she can make a rearrangement。 Sometimes, an appointment has already been made, but something unexpected happens and you find no time to inform the person concerned。 In this case, you should make an apology afterwards。
单圆头普通平键多用于轴的端部。
商业模式的分类主要包括()。
。高血压危象伴有心力衰竭的患者宜选用：
动物A的体重是动物B的体重16倍，则其呼吸频率是B的
波普风格的中心是（）。
钢笔工具组里面，包含下列哪些工具
下列操作系统产品中，（ ）是一种“共享软件”，其源代码向世人公开。
根据“陈馈八簋”的描述，《诗经·小雅·伐木》记载了以下哪一阶层的宴饮过程（）
弱脉与濡脉的主要区别在于
1、呼吸链中的递氢体及递电子体都有质子泵作用。（ 错 ）[1分]
在距离丈量中衡量精度的方法是用（）。
文档样式可以从一个文档复制到另一个文档中。
汉高帝时期所立的南越王是：
关于社交礼仪的原则，以下正确的选项有（ ）
机械设备电气控制线路调试前,应将电子器件的插件全部插好,检查设备的绝缘及接地是否良好。
瑶山出土的玉镯花纹是阴线雕刻的（）。
用来表征一个品牌在特定区域市场销售水平的高低的指数是（）。
数据库设计的概念设计阶段，表示概念结构的常用方法和描述工具是（ ）。
消费者在当当网上购物属于（ ）的范畴。
急性肾衰少尿或无尿期引起高钾血症，其危害是（）
下面哪一位被称为“创造德国经济奇迹之父”:()
体力劳动和脑力劳动已渐行渐远表现在哪些方面
模仿体语对拉近双方关系可以起到积极的作用。()
对于煤的高位发热量，水分对发热量没有影响。
内科学涉及的疾病总数大约多少种( )
一般来说，树脂、植物色素等一般属于无效成分
荣格提出的关于幸福感的测量,包括强度,持续性,确定程度,远近程度等。()
美国在1872年建立的第一个国家公园是
对患者的现场紧急处理的现场急救针对的是医务人员。（）
《西伯利亚理发师》中有关于美国传统节日谢肉节的情节。
价值评价的根本标准只有与领袖和英雄的思想和要求相一致才是正确的。
全球网络分销系统又称GDS系统。
以下哪个不属于层次聚类的类型
______是呼吸道的起始部分
依英美法，部分披露本人的代理为（ ）。
以下哪个是用户体验设计的重点
近代中国面临的两大历史任务是____。
阴平发音时，声带绷到最紧，始终没有明显变化，保持高音。调值从5度到5度，音高基本上没有升降的变化。
普通话中去声的调值是多少
中国是经济全球化的受益者,更是贡献者。（）
实施六西格玛的组织中的关键角色是（）。
注册会计师在运用审计抽样方法设计样本时，应考虑的基本因素包括
“二战”期间,发挥重要作用、成为海军重要突击兵力的舰艇有:
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原发综合征是原发性肺结核病的病变特征吗
__________________ are popular used in E-world。
在经济学家看来人的欲望的特点是无限性和多样性。
商鞅本身是卫国人,在秦国实施了一系列变法,对秦国产生重要的影响。()
连续出版物的主要类型有____、____和____三种。
轨道传输机构中，有防掉板功能的结构是
一般达到或超过几级的侧风会对飞机产生影响
库鲁病的主要症状有震颤、共济失调、脑退化痴呆等。（）
日常生活中腌菜时，最好避开亚硝酸盐高峰期再吃，该周期一般是在腌菜后的（）内。
企业产品成本计算的基本方法包括( )。
不属于传质分离过程的是（）
（ ）强调微观主体要在货币资产和非货币资产相比较中决定货币需求，认为利率的作用已成为不容忽视的因素之一。
u____ n。 大学肄业生
茶能修身养性。晚唐刘贞亮曾总结了《茶十德》，以下那些属于“茶十德”（ ）
汉朝的御史台在明朝改名为都察院。
用复数表示正弦量称为正弦量的相量表示。尔雅_宏观经济学_课后作业习题答案疫情期间，非常时期，亲爱的顾客，请注意防护，不出门，不串门，不聚会，不走访亲戚，如果一定要出门，请戴好口罩再出门，勤洗手，房间要通风，环境要消毒，每个人都健健康康，我们一起度过难关，武汉加油，乐天堂国际加油，中国加油。- 95
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- Italiano
Ovviamente, trattandosi di un centro congressi (noto per alcuni eventi Apple), non ci si può aspettare chi sa cosa, però credevo che, almeno a livello architettonico, fosse più interessante! Se non ci si deve andare per lavoro, meglio evitare di perderci tempo!
Passando da questi parti ci siamo chiesti cosa fosse questo edificio abbastanza grande che ci ha incuriosito soprattutto per il nome.. in realtà è un centro congressi che quindi va giudicato forse per la sua utilità piuttosto che come attrazione.. non è tra le cose da ricercare.
Il Moscone Center (si pronuncia all'italiana, dato che George Moscone era il Sindaco italo-americano di San Francisco, assassinato in Municipio nel 1978) si estende su tre diversi padiglioni, non lontano dal capolinea dei cable cars. Ci sono stato recentemente per un congresso…
Il centro che concentra in se molte funzioni direzionali è anche di un buon risultato architettonico per il complesso di edifici che si affacciano sulla piazza. Come tutti i centri direzionali soffre di abbandono notturno e di una ridotta vitalità.
È OK, come per tutti i centri congressi. In genere vengo qui almeno una volta all'anno per quella pazzia che è Oracle Mondo Aperto. Che cosa c'è di buono - nelle vicinanze sono disponibili i trasporti pubblici, è spazioso e pulito. Quel che non va bene -- poca scelta nel cibo…A seguito della sentenza dell’Antitrust europeo lo scorso anno, Google ha creato un programma per far sì che, da settembre 2017, i siti di shopping comparativo quali Kelkoo appaiano nella pagina dei risultati di ricerca generali. L’obiettivo di questa iniziativa vuole essere l’aumento della competizione nello spazio di Google dedicato agli annunci Shopping in modo che gli annunci non siano solo “by Google””)
Google ha confermato di offrire tariffe favorevoli di CPC agli inserzionisti che usano il nuovo formato di Shopping Comparativo. Si prevede una riduzione del 15-20% sui CPC degli inserzionisti che occupano la stessa posizione nei risultati di Google Shopping. Per incoraggiarli, Google sta anche offrendo un credito per annunci fino a 32.000 euro ogni 30 giorni, basato su un confronto spesa mensile con la spesa degli inserzionisti, tramite il nuovo formato di Sito web comparativo.
La Commissione europea sta palesemente esercitando pressione su Google perché si faccia leva sul miglioramento della quota impressioni dei siti web di shopping comparativo alternativi nella pagina dei risultati di ricerca generali. Tale iniziativa dovrebbe risultare particolarmente allettante per gli inserzionisti che, per una volta, vedono una potenziale riduzione dei costi mediatici su Google. Un numero crescente di rivenditori europei, tra cui Sainsburys Argos nel Regno Unito, stanno approfittando di questa opportunità lucrativa.Compromessi della Seconda guerra mondiale. La storia degli scienziati nazisti cui gli USA diedero asilo.
Il mondo che conosciamo oggi, tecnologico e sostanzialmente capitalistico, anche in quei paesi che credono di professare “altre politiche economiche”, è il preciso risultato delle avventure belliche di inizio secolo scorso. La Seconda guerra mondiale, per alcuni erroneamente da relegare in polverosi libri di storia, ha cambiato sostanzialmente il pianeta e lo ha modernizzato, purtroppo in modo tremendo, non solo come diretta conseguenza degli scontri di mare, aria e terra, ma assurdamente ancor più per tutta una serie di operazioni speciali avviate rapidamente nelle immediate settimane precedenti e seguenti il crollo della Germania nazista. Una di queste operazioni, avviata proprio sul finire del conflitto, fu quella con la quale i vincenti Stati Uniti d’America diedero asilo a numerosi scienziati nazisti, li portarono nel proprio territorio sottraendoli ufficialmente alle “pene” sovietiche, ma soprattutto ne acquisirono ricerche e progetti sperimentali per assicurarsi vantaggi militari ed economici dopo la fine ufficiale della guerra.
Il barone Wernher von Braun, scienziato e ingegnere tedesco, padre della missilistica mondiale e soprattutto statunitense.
Un fulmineo scontro segreto, fondamentale per l’Occidente, che si combatté tra USA e URSS nel giugno del’45, quando l’obiettivo principale dei militari divenne trovare personaggi del calibro di Wernher von Braun, il più importante tra gli scienziati nazisti impiegati nello sviluppo delle armi segrete con cui Hitler aveva provato tardivamente a ribaltare le sorti dello scontro. Von Braun, il più grande esperto mondiale di missili, inventore della famosissima V2, l’arma di rappresaglia per eccellenza dalla quale gli americani avviarono la corsa ai vettori intercontinentali e perfino alla conquista dello spazio, fu però solo la punta di lancia di circa 1600 medici, tecnici e ingegneri cui fu data una “seconda possibilità” ancor prima che il III Reich fosse messo a processo a Norimberga.
Caso emblematico della difficile situazione strategica militare di fine conflitto, di un mondo che doveva riequilibrarsi, ma non meno di una poco etica volontà di supremazia economica in grado di assorbire personalità ampiamente coinvolte nelle nefandezze del regime nazista, incredibilmente trasformate in “star del sogno americano”, addirittura premiate con le massime onorificenze in ambito scientifico-militare. Per anni la propaganda occidentale, per lavarsi la coscienza e anticipare le critiche, presentò ad esempio il genio tedesco della missilistica come un personaggio solo assorbito dalla ricerca, dal suo lavoro, poco informato sulle scelte del regime nazista, per poi arrivare, in tempi recenti, anche grazie ad una bravissima giornalista d’inchiesta, Annie Jacobsen, alla conferma che nelle fabbriche delle V2 venivano usati prigionieri dei campi di concentramento, morti a migliaia per le disumane condizioni di lavoro necessarie a costruire i suoi missili!
Il Checkpoint Charlie a Berlino. Uno dei più visibili segni della “guerra fredda”, scoppiata subito dopo la fine della Seconda guerra mondiale.
Il “dottore”, ad ogni modo, fu solo uno dei tanti personaggi coinvolti nella cosiddetta “Operazione Paperclip”, una vera e propria manovra militare per mettere al servizio dell’industria bellica americana tutti quei geni tedeschi che, segnalati dall’intelligence d’oltreoceano, avrebbero portato con sé l’incredibile “know how” in grado di trasformare gli States in una grande superpotenza militare ed economica, bloccando il pericolo sovietico e l’inevitabile arrivo della guerra fredda. Come si direbbe oggi, non fu difficile convincere quei 1600 uomini al cambio di casacca. Anche per sfuggire alla certa repressione sovietica, questo reclutamento forzato fu sostanzialmente volontario, incentivato tra l’altro dalla possibilità di portarsi dietro l’intera famiglia, di conservare in molti casi addirittura le insanguinate ricchezze accumulate negli anni di guerra, ma ancor più avendo la certezza di continuare le proprie ricerche ripulendo praticamente il proprio nome grazie ai superiori interessi degli Stati Uniti. In un colpo solo la pulizia della coscienza e l’assicurazione di una vita anche migliore di quanto avessero potuto immaginare sotto lo stesso regime nazista. Nel corso dei decenni, però, vennero a galla numerose imbarazzanti storie quando, assurdamente, i carnefici si ritrovarono perfino a lavorare fianco a fianco con le vittime, con quegli ebrei o dissidenti vari che erano fuggiti dalla Germania ancor prima dello scoppio della Seconda guerra mondiale. Sempre nell’ambito delle operazioni di sviluppo della potenza missilistica e della corsa allo spazio, è nuovamente emblematico citare il caso di von Braun, ufficialmente iscritto nei ranghi delle SS, e dello scienziato ebreo Abraham Silverstein. Impegnati entrambi nel dopoguerra nello sviluppo del potente razzo Saturn, quello che avrebbe portato l’uomo sulla Luna con le missioni Apollo, Silverstein la spuntò sull’ex nazista con l’uso della propulsione ad idrogeno e von Braun fu costretto dagli eventi ad inviargli uno storico biglietto di congratulazioni, il 9 novembre del 1967, tra evidentissimi imbarazzi più o meno coperti dall’amministrazione statunitense.
Il fenomenale SATURN V, uno dei razzi più potenti mai costruiti, vettore delle missioni Apollo, quelle che portarono l’uomo sulla Luna nel 1969.
Una storia, quella dei cosiddetti nazisti d’America, talmente assurda da finire sotto le maglie del controllo delle agenzie di sicurezza nazionale, anche per coprire nomi davvero poco difendibili come quello di Hubertus Strughold, il “padre della medicina e delle tute spaziali”, che in patria aveva pienamente partecipato ai cinici esperimenti sui prigionieri del campo di concentramento di Dachau. Usando anche bambini, lo scienziato nazista tanto osannato negli States raccolse sul sangue dei prigionieri di guerra i dati sulle reazioni dell’uomo alla mancanza di ossigeno, quindi utili al volo spaziale o d’alta quota. Ma la lista degli scienziati nazisti portati in America incluse anche uno degli inventori del terribile gas nervino Sarin, il chimico Otto Ambros, e ovviamente tanti altri nomi che preferiremmo dimenticare e invece, assurdamente, sono stati trasformati negli ideatori di molte delle tecnologie usate ancora oggi. La Seconda guerra mondiale fu anche questo. Non dimentichiamolo mai.
Author Giuseppe Russo Tutti i diritti riservati – Maggio © 2021 Riproduzione vietata
Le immagini di repertorio mostrate nell’articolo sono prelevate e usate sotto licenza CC BY-SA 3.0 o inserite perché di pubblico dominio. In caso di errore nella valutazione dei termini di copyright, si prega di contattare l’autore di questo articolo per chiederne la rimozione o attribuirne correttamente la proprietà.本文摘要： 奥运会冠军普伊格 西班牙，阿卡普尔科 – 当地时间8月1日，2017賽季西班牙Telcel联赛
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目标，却被对方华丽的闪开。假如Lorgorn君就此打住，那么他这一回合就不能再进行任何攻击动作，并且该次攻击的AP也只有1。但是他想俺不能就这么算了口牙！于是在第一刀失手的同时，他决定使用双武器战斗专长来使他的第二把刀子。这样一来他攻击的AP花费就增加了1。Lorgorn的第二把刀子没有让他失望，它狠狠的割开了对方的肚皮。一时间血和肠子还有花花绿绿的内脏花花的往外流口牙（对方的HL下降了1，于是满足了顺势劈的要求）。在大家的惊愕中，Lorgorn君抓住机会用剩下的最后1点AP朝他身边的另一个倒霉蛋发动了顺势劈口牙。至此，Lorgorn君满满的3AP一次性全部用光。他的以上所有攻击都只算在一次攻击动作中。这样组合了多种动作的攻击就叫做复合攻击。
冲锋
你可以朝在你移动力范围内的一个目标发动冲锋攻击。只要你与他之间的直线上没有障碍。冲锋是一次整合了一次移动和一次近战攻击的复合动作。冲锋可以使你的攻击骰和伤害骰+1。
擒抱
你必须要两手空空才能发动擒抱。投一次近身攻击骰，当你命中后再进行1次力量检定（DC=6+对方的力量），一旦成功就可以让他进入被擒抱的状态。在被擒抱状态下，他必须要进行一次力量检定（DC=6+你的力量），成功摆脱被擒抱状态才能进行正常行动。挣脱擒抱每回合可以尝试一次。
当目标被你擒抱后，你可以用徒手对他造成伤害（徒手攻击是拳击，肘击，膝盖，脚踢等肢体攻击的统称）和绊摔，无需攻击骰。但你仍然需要1次攻击机会并正常支付AP。即是说，在你的一个回合中，在没有专长的支援下，当你对目标发动擒抱后你不能再对他造成伤害或发动绊摔。
发动擒抱需要花费1额外AP。并且每次尝试挣脱擒抱需要花费2AP。
发动擒抱会触发借机攻击。
绊摔
当你使用长柄武器，鞭，连枷，或者徒手战斗时可以朝敌人发动这一特殊攻击。绊摔不对目标造成伤害，而是改为将其击倒。绊摔视为一次普通攻击，不增加AP花费。但你击中敌人后必须进行一次力量检定（DC=6+对方的力量），成功才能将其击倒。没有专长支援的前提下，你不能用绊摔进行借机攻击。
在没有专长支援的情况下，当你在目标的触及内发动绊摔会触发对方的借机攻击。
体型优势
通常玩家角色和大多数NPC的体型都为中型（M）。马匹，战车，乘骑战马和战车的角色，大型动物（狮子，泽地兽）为大型（L）。当你朝比你体型小的目标发动擒抱和绊摔时自动成功，无需进行力量检定。但如果你朝比你体型大的目标发动擒抱和绊摔，那么每比你的体型大一级，你的力量检定的DC+2。
准备动作
你需要在你的回合宣布对某个敌人进行准备动作。然后当轮到他的回合，他的行动与你宣布的触发要素吻合时，你可以对他进行你所事先准备的行动。但你必须有能够用于该动作的行动机会（例如在你的回合中已经进行过攻击，那么你不能再用准备动作攻击敌人），并为你的行动如常支付AP。如果你的攻击让他丧失了行动力（如被击倒，击晕），那么他将失去他的行动。
假如你在宣布准备动作后没有剩下足够的AP，那么你就无法进行你事先准备的攻击。
宣布准备行动本身不花费AP，也不会因此改变战斗序列。
触及和射程
每一种武器和法术都有攻击范围。所有近战武器的攻击范围称为触及。一般情况下，徒手攻击和接触法术的触及为3肘（1格），大多数近战武器的触及为3肘（1格），长柄武器和鞭的触及为6肘（2格）。
远程武器的攻击范围称为射程。大多数弓，弩和铁炮的射程为30肘（10格），标枪的射程为15肘（5格），大多数远程法术的射程为15肘（5格）。此概念与DND基本保持一致。
在使用远程武器进行战斗时，每超出射程3肘（1格），其攻击骰就要-1。
邻近
当一个目标处于你的近战触及内时称为与你邻近。所有近身攻击只能攻击与你邻近的目标。
防御
玩家拥有三种基本防御。反应防御用于躲避近战武器（如刀剑），抛射物（箭矢，标枪，飞来的火球等）。精神防御用于避免幻术，影响心智的法术（如暗示术），影响灵魂的法术（如灵魂榨取）和致幻毒药的危害。体格防御用于避免疾病，致病法术，以及毒药的危害。
反应防御=5+反应（可选规则：可变为D+反应）
精神防御=5+精神（可选规则：可变为D+精神）
体格防御=5+体格（可选规则：可变为D+体格）
主动防御
每个角色都拥有“主动防御”这个特殊的防御动作。你使用武器和盾牌主动挡开敌人的攻击被称为主动防御。这种特殊的防御动作需要玩家在当前回合中宣布启动并花费1AP。然后直到你的下一个回合开始前，当敌人朝你发动攻击时，你可以投1次战斗检定来挡开敌人的该次进攻（如果检定结果大于或等于敌人的攻击骰的话）。
你可以在你的回合开始行动前，行动中，或行动结束后宣布是否要使用主动防御。但无论如何你必须要宣布使用主动防御后才能激活主动防御动作。在没有任何专长支援下，你每回合只拥有1次主动防御次数。
玩家使用武器进行主动防御称为“招架”。并且在没有专长支援的前提下只能招架敌人的近战武器攻击。
玩家使用盾牌进行主动防御称为“格挡”。格挡可以用于抵御近战武器，远程武器，以及所有能够被反应防御躲开的法术攻击（这里的例子仍然是超大众的火球术）。
盾牌能够为主动防御提供格挡值。
在没有专长支援的前提下，主动防御不能抵御来自背后的攻击。
当你宣布使用主动防御后，那么直至你下回合开始，你的反应防御+1。
护甲值与破甲值
在SRRPS中，防具并不像DND一样提供防御加值，而是提供护甲值。护甲值相当于DND中的伤害减免。例子：萨德摩尔长锁甲君提供3点护甲值，于是当某个套着他（它？）的玩家在每次受到物理伤害时可以减免3点伤害。
一些重量级的武器和远程武器可以提供破甲值。破甲值用于降低护甲值带来的效果。例子：需要双手持握的重型连枷君提供1破甲值，而上面那只穿着萨德摩尔长锁甲的倒霉蛋拥有3点护甲值。那么当他遭重型连枷君攻击的时候他只能免除3-1=2点伤害。
乘骑中的战斗
当玩家驾驭战马或战车进行冲锋攻击或冲撞时候，攻击骰可替代为：D+驾驭。
当玩家驾驭战马或战车遭到敌人攻击的时候，其反应防御可替代为：5+驾驭。
乘骑冲锋
玩家在乘骑状态下进行冲锋可以获得更高的伤害。当玩家使用乘骑冲锋击中敌人时候可以获得1个额外的武器伤害骰。乘骑冲锋需要玩家付出更多的AP。
乘骑冲撞
当玩家在乘骑状态下进行冲锋并击中目标后可以选择不用武器造成伤害，而是用坐骑将其撞倒。冲撞视为绊摔（如同绊摔一样需要力量检定，但如果目标体型比你小则不需要，参见体型优势），同时给目标造成1d10+驾驭的伤害。乘骑冲撞同样需要玩家支付更多AP。
乘骑闯越
当玩家采用乘骑冲锋或乘骑冲撞攻击目标后，只要地形允许，且玩家拥有剩余行动力，那么玩家可以沿冲锋的直线继续向前进行移动。但行进路线上一旦遇到阻碍或移动力耗尽，那么移动就宣告停止。
乘骑中被击落
成功的绊摔，擒抱，以及任何能将人击倒的能力都可以将人从乘骑状态下击落。被击落的角色需要承受1d10坠落伤害，并且倒地。
当你在马背上且没有马蹬的情况下，只要健康等级降低就会自动被击落。
借机攻击
当敌人在你的触及内进行移动，使用远程武器，发动擒抱和绊摔（大多数人的触及都是3肘，即1格。使用长柄武器的人物触及为6肘，即2格。），且你并不处于措手不及状态时，你可以对他进行一次借机攻击。借机攻击不需要如主动防御一样要事先宣布，并且它也不需要花费AP。但是在通常情况下，每个角色在他的每个回合只能进行1次借机攻击。
在通常情况下，借机攻击只能使用相当于AP花费为1的攻击动作。
击破武器和盾牌
在战斗中，你可以尝试击破敌人的武器和盾牌来让对方丧失战斗力。你需要如正常攻击一样投攻击骰（对抗对方的主动防御或反应防御），一旦命中则你可以对敌人的武器和盾牌投伤害骰。你需要为该次攻击支付额外1点AP。同时，击破武器和盾牌的动作会引发对方的借机攻击。
击落武器和盾牌
在战斗中，你还可以尝试将对方的武器和盾牌打落。击落对方的武器和盾牌同样需要如正常攻击一样投攻击骰，一旦命中，你需要再投一次力量检定（DC=6+对方的力量），成功就可以将对方的武器或盾牌击落。击落武器和盾牌需要你为该次攻击支付额外1点AP。同时击落武器和盾牌会引发对方的借机攻击。
快步
快步是一种在敌人触及内的特殊移动。这种移动通常不会引发借机攻击。在没有任何外界因素和专长支援的情况下，每次快步只能移动3肘（1格）。
伤害
伤害可以由近战武器，远程武器和法术造成。
近战武器伤害=武器骰+力量
远程武器伤害=武器骰+力量
法术伤害=法术骰+灵性
重击（CH）
当一次攻击骰投出10，且该次攻击击中了目标，那么这次攻击成为一次重击。你如常投掷伤害，然后目标的健康等级直接额外下降1级。
在SRRPS中没有必然命中，也没有必然失手。
受伤
健康等级（HL）
每个玩家角色都拥有5个健康等级（HL）。分别是5健康，4轻伤，3负伤，2重伤，1致命。分别用5～-1来表示。HL相当于DND中的生命值（HP）。
强韧
强韧代表角色受到一次伤害时能够承受的伤害总量。每个角色（仍然只包括凡人恩）的强韧度＝4+体格。在一次攻击中，一旦玩家受到的伤害超过（或者等于）角色的强韧度，那么玩家的健康等级便下降1级。
当你的健康等级下降到3，那么你在所有能力检定和移动力-1。之后健康等级每下降1级，你的所有能力检定和移动力再额外-1。这个惩罚最多-3。
休整
当你的HL低于3，且高于1时，你可以使用“休整”来抵消受伤给你带来的减值。休整需要花费3AP，且当你宣布使用休整之后一直到你下一个回合开始都不能受到伤害。一旦受到伤害则休整无效。
休整能够抵消HL降低带来的所有减值，但并不能回复你损失的HL。并且当你的HL再次降低后，你将获得由新的HL带来的所有劣势。
专长可以缩短休整需要的时间，减少休整的AP花费。
你在休整结束的时候可以使用1点SP来使你的HL恢复1级。
濒死和死亡
当一个角色的HL降到1（致命）的时候，就代表着角色已近油尽灯枯，接近死亡的边缘。在致命状态下，角色只能勉强保持清醒，无法作出任何有效的判断和行动。你的所有能力检定都-3。在濒死状态下，角色的移动能力已经降到最低。你无法进行快步，只能进行有限的挪动，甚至根本无法移动（如护甲和别的原因导致的移动力降低）。这时候你只能进行AP花费不超过1的行动（还不能进行快步）。并且当你再次受到超过或等于强韧的伤害，那么你就会倒下昏迷不醒，进入濒死状态。
濒死状态下的角色丧失了个人意识，不能进行任何行动。在没有任何外界干预（再次被攻击或被救护）的情况下，濒死状态10轮（即1分钟）后你就正式扑街。
在濒死状态下，任何人补上一刀（无需伤害骰）
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چرا چرت میگی !!!؟؟؟ انگار مردم اون استان ها همگی صبح تا شب چوب برداشتین و بالا سر همه پلانکتونها ها وایستادین و مجبورشون کردین که نفت و گاز شن !!!!؟؟؟؟ بدون نفت و گاز زنده میمونم ، اما آب رو رو استان شما قطع کنیم ، چند روز بیشتر دووم نمیارید. سرمایه ملی یک کشور رو با سرمایه شخصی خودت اشتباه گرفتی ، سرت گیج نره یه موقع !!؟؟ بحث اینکه پول فروش و درآمد نفت و گاز صرف آبادانی اونجا نمیشه ، درسته و من هم قبول دارم . اما ربطی ب استخدامی ملی نداره ، الان کسی که نفت گاز پتروشیمی خونده و نخبه هستش ولی استان دیگه هستش باید چیکار کنه ؟ ؟؟ باید موقع انتخاب رشته بزنن که رشته های مربوط به نفت گاز پتروشیمی رو فقط بچه های اون استان ها میتونن بخونن..سیاست گذاری ها ، تصمیمات دقیقا گند زدن ب این کشور و این روند ادامه داره
خداییش این چه کاریه که فقط واسه سه تا استان آزمون گرفته میشه.یعنی بقیه ایرانی نیستند.ما هم زحمت کشیدیم پس ماباید کجا بریم سرکار. تا الان همه آزمونا سراسری بود پس چرا یهو این یکی اینجوری باید باشه. خدا میدونه ما هم یه حقی داریم
سلام،به نظرم واقعآ افرادی که برای این آزمون وقت گذاشتند وزحمت کشیدن حقشون ضایع شد،اولآ نحوه ی برگزاری امتحان بسیارضعیف بود (اهواز)،دوم اینکه تعداد زیادی از سوالات اشتباه بودن(نداشتن مقدار ،اشتباهات چاپی،تکرار مکرر یک سوال دردفترچه و...)،سوم اینکه سوالات یا غیرقابل حل،ویا خیلی خیلی ساده بودن،به هرحال امیدوارم این اتفاقات ناخوشایند باعث نشه که افرادی که حقشون نیست ، روی کرسی مصاحبه بشینن وافرادی مثل بنده که واسه این آزمون هفته ها درس خوندندو تعدادشون کم هم نیست،بتونن خانواده هاشونو خوشحال کنن (امیدگراوندیان مهندسی برق)Chu Shong Tin
Sticking hands is the necessary step in learning the fighting principles of Wing Chun. The purpose is to train the application of the movements and the ingenious responses in fighting so one can foster the natural reflexes of the movements.
In order to develop the superior, natural and habitual reflexes, one needs to have a rigorous basis in sticking hands training. Because of this reason, the practise of sticking hands is divided into the following stages: single sticking hand, rolling hands, practising the defencing and attacking techniques and free sparring and requires to be learnt step by step.
When some of the people discuss the sticking hands of Wing Chun, they consider that the techniques in sticking hands are effective only when there is arm(s) contact with the opponent. The Wing Chun practitioner can then feel what the opponents are doing and respond to the action and fight back. In fighting, if the opponents can avoid arm(s) contact with the Wing Chun practitioner then they think the function of sticking hands cannot be used. This idea is due to the lack of their understanding of Wing Chun.
Sticking hands does not need to have arm(s) contact in its reponses to the action of the opponent. The purpose of sticking hands are diverse and need to be coordinated together in order to achieve the best fighting result.
The procedures and purposes of sticking hands, generally, can be divided as follow:
|(1)||Single sticking hands;|
|(2)||Rolling arms or also called rotating arms;|
|(3)||Practising defencing and attacking techniques or called the double sticking hands;|
|(4)||Application of force (No actual force is required but it is difficult to find a proper phrase to replace it.);|
|(5)||Establish and utilise the natural reflexes of "Loy Lau Hoi Shun, Lut Sau Ja Chung" (Means: when a person strikes in, one should neutralise his incoming force. When his force is withdrawing, one should move in. When he removes his hand(s) away, one should strike in.);|
|(6)||Seek the profound techniques of facing one's shadow, chasing one's shadow and pointing towards the centre line.|
(1) Single Sticking Hands: It is the first step in learning the sticking hands of Wing Chun by practising the usage of the defencing and attacking techniques of Tan, Bong and Fook Sau. Generally, beginners will find it difficult in using Tan and Bong Sau when they receive a downward pressing force from the opponent. They will feel that the application of force in Fook Sau has a dominant advantage over the other movements. However, if one can understand the rotational skill of Tan Sau and Bong Sau, not only can he intimidate the one using the Fook Sau but he can also tire out that person very easily. In contrast, if the person can utilitse the Fook Sau properly, he can also make the user of Tan or Bong Sau feels very difficult to withstand his force. This is a contradicting matter but however, the one who can apply the movements the best will win.
(2) Rolling arms: Both sides try to practise with theTan, Bong and Fook Sau to form a circular rotating movement resulting in redirecting force, applying pressure on the opponent, finding the way to withstand the pressure from the opponent, feeling how to upset the balance of the opponent by using a proper technique and developing a complete relaxed shoulder-joints even when one is under pressure. If one can relax his shoulder-joints more, the force developed from the initial sliding movement of the joint(s) will increase which will lead to the acceleration of the rotation movements and thus creating the best result of tractive and striking forces.
To be continued...
Copyright ©2001 Wing Chun Kuen by Chu Shong Tin, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.Yaşlı bakıcı
Tüm yaştaki çocuklar için en iyi okul sonrası bakıcısı olmak için aşağıdaki 9 ipucunu kaçırma.
Bir çocuk bakıcısı pozitif disiplin teknikleriyle çocuğun davranışlarını nasıl etkiler?
Çocuğunuzun teknolojiyle geçirdiği zamanı kısıtlıyor musunuz? Yeni dönem dijital çocuk bakıcıları hakkında yazıyoruz.
En uygun bebek bakıcısını bulmak için ideal tanımını yapın.
Her yaşlı bakımını üstlenen bakıcının sahip olması gereken beş özellik nelerdir?به گزارش خبرنگار ایرنا، این بازی که برخلاف سایر دیدار های هفته نخست دور برگشت، با یک ساعت و نیم تاخیر نسبت به برنامه اعلام شده و از ساعت ۱۷:۳۰ آغاز شد و حدود دو ساعت و نیم ادامه یافت ، بویژه در ست های چهارم و پنجم بسیار سخت و نفسگیر و با بازی پایاپای دو تیم دنبال شد.
این دیدار با قضاوت مسعود ذوقی به عنوان داور اول و میثم پارسه به عنوان داور دوم و با نظارت حمید حق بین برگزار شد و در ست نخست بازی تیم خاتم اردکان برتری خود را با پیشی گرفتن از حریف در اوایل بازی به رخ میزبان کشید و با تداوم این برتری، در نهایت موفق شد با نتیجه ۲۵ بر ۲۲ به پیروزی برسد.
در گیم دوم بازی شاگردان رحمان محمدی راد که نمی خواستند، شکست در خانه حریف در دور رفت را در خانه خود نیز تجربه کنند، پس از استراحت فنی اول، برتری خود را به رخ حریف کشیدند و با پیش افتادن سه امتیاز از حریف که در طول بازی نیز بر اختلاف آن افزوده می شد، ست دوم را در نهایت با نتیجه ۲۵ بر ۱۹ به نفع خود خاتمه دادند.
هاوش گنبدکاووس برتری خود را در گیم سوم نیز حفظ کرد و در سایه حمایت و تشویق تماشاگران خونگرم خود، این ست را نیز با نتیجه ۲۵ بر ۲۰ به پایان برد تا امیدهای خود و تماشاگرانش را برای برد در خانه افزایش دهد.
بازیکنان خاتم اردکان برخلاف ست های دو و سوم، در ست چهارم، بازی پایاپایی را با حریف به نمایش گذاشتند و هر چه از زمان بازی می گذشت، بر حساسیت بازی افزوده می شد که دلیل آن تلاش هاوش برای برد سه بر یک و کسب هر سه امتیاز بازی از یک طرف و نیز فرار خاتم اردکان از شکست از سوی دیگر بود که باعث شد دو تیم تا نتیجه ۲۴ بازی برابر و نفسگیری را به نمایش بگذارند.
در انتهای این ست، تشویق های تماشاگران هاوش نیز کارگر نشد و تیم خاتم اردکان توانست با کسب دو امتیاز پیاپی بانتیجه ۲۶ بر ۲۴ هاوش را شکست داده و بازی را به گیم پنجم بکشاند.
در ست پنجم نیز دو حریف تا امتیاز ۹ پا به پای هم پیش رفتند و از این به بعد بود که هاوش توانست دو امتیاز از حریف خود پیش بیفتد و در حالی که بازی با نتیجه ۱۴ بر ۱۳ به نفع هاوش بود، بازیکن تیم خاتم اردکان در میان فریادهای بی امان تماشاگران گنبدی، سرویس خود را به تور زد تا این ست با نتیجه ۱۵ بر ۱۳ به نفع هاوش گنبد خاتمه یابد و در نتیجه کلی نیز تیم هاوش با برد سه بر دو، به نوعی شکست در بازی دور رفت در برابر خاتم در اردکان را جبران نماید.
تیم هاوش گنبد با این پیروزی و کسب دو امتیاز بازی، صاحب ۸ امتیاز از ۱۲ بازی در لیگ برتر والیبال مردان ایران شد.Superman , Batman Mücadelesi kaldığı yerden devam ediyor… Oyun bitti, ve savaş başlamak üzere… Eskiden arkadaş olan kahramanların arasında bir savaş gerçekleşecek, tanrılar birbirleriyle savaşacak… Superman’in dünya üzerindeki sıkıyönetimi gevşemiyor ve can kayıpları giderek artıyor. Batman’in Lex Luthor’dan aldığı orijinal haptan sentezlediği süper haplar, Direniş Kuvvetleri’ne bir şans yarattı ama bu, çok zayıf bir şans.. Özellikle de Çelik Adam’ın yeni müttefiklerinin korkunç gücü göz önüne alındığında. Bu yeni müttefikler; Sinestro Corps. Neyse ki, yardım yolda… Dünya’da daha öncekilere hiç benzemeyen bir savaş patlak veriyor… DC Evreni’nin süper kahramanlarını daha önce hiç böyle görmediniz! Keyifli Okumalar…
{strong}Injustice İkinci Yıl Cilt:2 / Tanrılar Aramızda isimli kitap 176 sayfadan oluşmaktadır ; Tom Taylor tarafından kaleme alınmıştır. ÇİZGİ DÜŞLER tarafından 22.06.2018 tarihinde yayımlanmıştır. {/strong}
{italic}Injustice İkinci Yıl Cilt:2 / Tanrılar Aramızda kitabın özetini okuyabilir, Injustice İkinci Yıl Cilt:2 / Tanrılar Aramızda kitabı pdf, epub, e-kitap olarak indirebilirsiniz. Injustice İkinci Yıl Cilt:2 / Tanrılar Aramızda kitabını online görüntüleyebilirsiniz.
Injustice İkinci Yıl Cilt:2 / Tanrılar Aramızda kitabını ücretsiz indirebilirsiniz{/italic}سخنگوی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان از بستری شدن ۱۷۳ بیمار جدید مبتلا به ویروس کرونا در اصفهان طی 24 ساعت گذشته خبر داد.
آرش نجیمی در گفتگو با خبرنگار خبرگزاری موج اصفهان، بیان کرد: طی شبانه روز گذشته تعداد ۱۷۳ بیمار جدید مبتلا ویروس کرونا با علائم بالینی در بیمارستانهای استان اصفهان بستری شدند.
وی گفت: طی شبانه روز گذشته تعداد ۱۶۱ نفر از بیماران مبتلا به کوید 19 در استان به جز شهرستان های کاشان و آران و بیدگل با بهتر شدن وضعیت جسمیشان از بیمارستان ها ترخیص شدند و لازم است که در قرنطینه دوره نقاهت بیماری را بگذرانند.
سخنگوی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان با اشاره به آخرین آمار کرونا در استان گفت: در حال حاضر یکهزار و ۷۵۱ نفر بیمار کرونایی در شهرستانهای استان به جز کاشان و آران و بیدگل در بیمارستان ها بستری هستند که از این تعداد ۳۳۲ نفر وضعیت وخیمتری دارند و در بخش مراقبتهای ویژه و آی سی یوها تحت مراقبت و درمان هستند.Image Reimund Bertrams
Hikayen nedir?
Ortaya çıkarılmayı bekleyen sihir var ...
Hayatınızın filmine dönüşen bir senaryo yazacak olsaydınız, bu bir komedi, gizem gerilim filmi, adrenal pompalama macerası, anlayışlı bir belgesel, erteleme festivali, korku filmi mi olurdu? Hayatlarımızı bu şekilde düşünüp filmlerin neden eğlendirici veya sıkıcı veya bilgilendirici olduğunu düşünürsek, nasıl daha keyifli ve anlamlı bir hayat yaşayacağınıza dair ipuçları bulacaksınız.
İlginçtir, neredeyse tüm filmler aşk hikayeleridir. En fantastik bilim kurgu maceralarında bile bir "aşk ilgisi" ve sonunda derin bir bağlantı içeren bir tür çözüm vardır. Nihayet “cennet” in bir versiyonuna varmak için iki kişi genellikle birbirleriyle ciddi zorluklar içeren cehennemden geçer. Rulo krediler.
Peki, kim senin Sevgiliniz Hayat Hikayenizde?
Bir akıl oyunu oynayalım. Sevgilinizin ... kendiniz olduğunu hayal edin! Ve hayal edin, hayat hikayeniz kendinizle birlikte büyüyen bir samimiyet yolculuğunu takip ediyor. Bir spor salonunda egzersiz yapanlarımız muhtemelen kas kütles
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李完植为他取水洗手，李完植给她洗完手后走出屋子，闵泳焕就拔出小刀，捅向友好的肚子，未能如愿;他又用刀在本身的肚子中撕开贰个大口，并惊呼：“我有哪些大罪，竟然还并未死吧?!(作者胡大罪，不死乃尔)”，终于驾鹤归西。他就义的时候，“犹手握刀，勃然有生气”。
闵泳焕死后，无数人民闻讯大哭，思量那位捐躯忠烈。甚至不少印度人也受了感染，跟着哭泣。当时扶桑驻韩公使林权助和驻韩日军司令官长谷川好道出于“融合一般民众心境之策”而向高宗提出厚葬闵泳焕并给予优惠待遇，而后高宗下诏赐谥号“忠正”(忧国忘家曰忠，以正服人曰正)，追赠“大匡辅国崇禄先生议政大臣”。林权助还送去祭文，被闵泳焕生母徐氏退还。三月1214日，闵泳焕的遗骸被运到京畿道龙仁安葬时，“卿太尉及各国公使领事，临棺哭诀;各队兵勇及商民、僧尼、妇孺等，皆持灯烛，前导者数万，替次担举，争自先驱”
[29]
，各国(包罗日本)使馆也降半旗志哀。闵泳焕成为第②个以自杀牺牲抗议《丙辰条约》的爱国者，他号召了众三个人，紧接着，赵秉世服用过量鸦片自杀，洪万植、宋秉璿、李相哲、金奉学等人自杀捐躯，尹斗炳、李相卨自刎未能如愿，中华夏族民共和国留日学生潘宗礼归国时经过韩国，读了闵泳焕的遗作后也蹈海自尽。第③年八月，闵泳焕牺牲的屋子地板下忽然长出竹子，首尔SEOUL城市居民纷纭围观，都认为是闵泳焕忠魂所化，称为“血竹”，不少人还作诗咏叹。然则，闵泳焕之死没有延缓南朝鲜被东瀛吞并的经过，到了1909年，随着《日韩统一条约》的订立，大韩民国一点一滴陷入日本的属国。
闵妃在庚子兵变和丁亥政变中几回选用清军扫除政敌，巩固了和谐在朝鲜的权势和地位。此时，闵妃又对辽朝干预朝鲜内政感到不满，加上当时汉朝个中出现了废朝鲜为郡县的建议，以及戊戌政变后中国和日本的忐忑关系，闵妃对清朝愈来愈担心，害怕朝鲜改为中国和东瀛战场，于是闵妃公司在外部推行事大方针的还要暗中引入俄联邦牵制西晋。闵妃先是笼络了元朝政坛派来禁锢朝鲜外交和税务的葡萄牙人穆麟德，让他鼓吹“联俄拒中”的论调;又背着南梁违规同俄罗斯帝国缔结修好通商条约，接着引发了一回朝俄密约事件。这一个移动最后为西楚发现，于是清廷下令清理并辞退穆麟德，并在高宗二十二年(1885)八月放回大院君以牵制闵妃。不料闵妃将穆麟德聘为私人顾问，让他在欧洲和美洲各国间游说;又紧凑监督大院君，甚至杀掉其家臣十四位，还将金允植、鱼允中、金弘集此等亲华派排挤出政坛。其它闵妃还推荐越多的欧洲和美洲国家，并丢掉了对佛教和天主教的长达百年的禁令，使其传播合法化。而且闵妃扶助塞尔维亚人在朝鲜开设医院、高校，朝鲜率先家西洋医院济众议院和率先所女校梨花学堂(即昨日的梨花女生大学)正是19世纪80年份时期在闵妃的支撑下进行的，电灯、照相等上天科技(science and technology)成果也于这一时代被推举朝鲜。闵妃还创立育英公院和练武公院，聘请奥地利人工教授和队容教官，在拉动渐进式的近代化改良的还要又抵制了汉代的熏陶。当时袁宫保曾谓：“开化谬习，自主妄念，王与妃实倡之”，就反映了高宗和闵妃在西魏决定下忙碌地为主开化和独立自主事业的真相。
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闵妃纵然巧妙利用国际关系牵制汉朝，但总的来说依然使用的是亲清政策，当时最受他重用的闵氏外戚闵泳骏正是雷打不动的亲清分子。高宗三十一年(1894)八月，闵妃公司派杀手洪钟宇在中华夏族民共和国新加坡暗杀了开化党首脑金玉均，朝鲜在西晋并不曾领事评判权，理应归清政坛审判洪钟宇。但清廷依然应闵妃公司的需招亲慕了洪钟宇并将金玉均的遗骸引渡给朝鲜，闵妃公司还增添金玉均的遗体凌迟之刑以泄私愤。闵妃在明朝的拉拉扯扯下又二遍除掉了心腹大患。
闵妃曾在高宗二十四年(1887)罹患重病，长时间卧床不起，等病症康复后，高宗亲御景福宫勤政殿(丁卯政变后王室由昌德宫搬回景福宫)，为她举办庄严的“中皇城患候平复称庆”仪式，接受百官朝贺。类似的庆祝活动还设置过一些次，表达那权且期闵妃与高宗水乳交融，同时也可知到闵妃的权限和身份确实巩固。
受制东瀛
乙亥政变后，扶桑在朝鲜的侵袭步伐有所放缓，改以经济侵袭为主。日本寡头在朝鲜以倭国境内价格的三分之一气势恢宏收购朝鲜的籼米、大芦粟、棉花等农产品，运回日本销售牟取暴利;又在朝鲜倾销劣质纺品，这个都使朝鲜城市和乡村手工急迅破产，极大强化了朝鲜百姓的清苦，使朝鲜社会争辨进一步加重。而闵妃集团如故酒池肉林，铺张浪费，卖官鬻爵，不思改进。当时朝廷驻朝大臣袁慰亭在致国内的告诉中说：“韩君妃前以称寿，集倡优数百，现今未散，赏赍无节。……城内盗炽，街巷夜断人行，倘不抚辑，恐将变生肘腋。”果然爆发了一场朝鲜野史上的科学普及的农民起义——东学党起义。
高宗三十一年(1894)8月，东学道总领全琫准在全罗道起事，并两次三番制伏官军，在八月二十2日打下了全罗道的首府——全州，兵锋直逼韩国首都。东学起义军将倾向直指执政的闵妃公司，其纲领之一即是要“驱兵入京，尽灭权贵”，其张贴的公告更是鲜明提议“以国势论之，执权大臣皆闵姓，终夜经营，只知肥己。其党派布各邑，日以害民为事，民何以堪?”闵妃公司面对滚滚的东学党农民起义10分害怕又无力镇压，再拉长当时轶事大院君与东学党相勾结，里应外合推翻朝廷，闵妃公司进一步不安，遂又二次向朝廷求援，请求其镇压农民军以维护自个儿的主持政务。什么人知那导致了闵妃公司的第二遍垮台。
东瀛已接连在壬子兵变和丁未政变中吃了败仗，丢尽了面子，于是再三考虑，要与吴国在朝鲜背城借一，以贯彻其称霸世界的野心。这一遍东学党起义，正好给东瀛以可乘之机。东瀛不请自来，以爱抚台湾同胞和使馆为借口陆续派海海军队10000三人抵达朝鲜，形成与驻朝清军对抗的紧张状态。为了找到借口，日本竟突然发表援救朝鲜改造内政，这自然备受闵妃公司垄断的朝鲜政党以及明清政坛的不肯。于是东瀛决定解决闵妃公司政党，高宗三十一年(1894)一月二十六日，日军突然袭击景福宫，挟持高宗，强迫其归政于大院君。于是大院君在马来西亚人的帮助下第3遍登台摄政。闵妃公司双重崩溃，闵泳骏、闵应植、闵炯植、闵致宪、金世基、真灵君等闵妃公司分子被逐出朝廷，有的竟是被发配到远方恶岛。另一方面扶桑则指使大院君政权断绝与西汉的关联，将朝鲜强行拉入扶桑阵线。于是二日后，即一月2二十七日，日本在丰岛海面袭击清军用品运输兵船，挑起了辛巳中国和东瀛战争。
本次事变是闵妃面临的又一遍主要风险，她自个儿依然有被废位的权利险，大院君的外孙子李埈镕甚至已经拟好了废妃教旨，但因东瀛公使馆不允许而作罢。闵妃不得不废弃权力，在大院君面前“垂泪认罪，表示完全改过，请求能当做主公的婆姨”，保住她的王妃宝座。大院君又一回与闵妃达成和平解决，没有钻探他，闵妃也在深宫安静蛰居了一会儿。可是被迫失势的闵妃心中13分不爽，感到心慌，这从他给家里人的信函中便可获悉，比如她在高宗三十一年(1894)八月一日给闵应植之子闵丙承的信中说：“我因火痰、气短、郁火，不可能忍受下去。”11月三十一日又写道：“小编常因火气引发的寂寥而黯然，首尔的动静邯郸学步，烦闷得小编不可能忍受。”由此闵妃决定再一次兴起，在“恢复生机君权”的名义下夺回政权。
旋即朝鲜官场固然表面上是由大院君为首的亲日势力主导，进行所谓“丁未更张”，但在那之中隐藏着很大争论，特别是在辛丑战争后，曾涉足丙辰政变的解冻党人朴泳孝归国，更是加剧朝鲜政党的对打。此时的朝鲜政党大致分成三派：大院君派、金弘集派和朴泳孝派，个中国和扶桑本最属意朴泳孝而反感大院君。因为大院君与扶桑貌合神离，甚至秘密关系平壤清军驱逐日军，之后日本意识了大院君在平壤战役中向清军传递情报的信件，与大院君关系紧张。闵妃依照地形，首先投砾引珠，让天子高宗于高宗三十一年(1894)十一月十三日不经议政坛同意而独自任命4名联合，此举令新任日本驻朝公使井上馨七窍生烟，进宫质问高宗是不是为妃子干涉，并以撤回当时在镇压东学党起义的日军为勒迫，朝鲜政坛中国共产党第五次全国代表大会臣被迫代表圣上向井上馨认错。
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闵妃也见识到东瀛的决意，遂利用迂回战术，种种击破。她权且丢掉了乙未政变中与解冻党的仇隙，转而协助朴泳孝对中国人民抗日军事政治大高校君，并同意任命朴泳孝为当中山高校臣，作为政党的下级，甚至他还同意公布《洪范十四条》，含有“后嫔宗戚不得干预政事”的内容。闵妃藉此换到了马来西亚人的好感，导致大院君飞快被日本公使井上馨废掉，就连她的外甥李埈镕也在闵妃的暗中帮忙下于高宗三十二年(1895)6月被朴泳孝逮捕，差那么一点被处死。排斥了大院君势力后，闵妃又利用朴泳孝势力去排挤金弘集一派，终于使内阁总理大臣金弘集于高宗三十二年(1895)17月下台。
在亲日派内部的排挤进程中，闵妃自个儿则坐山观虎斗，不断创设本身的势力。由于当时闵氏家族不是被发配就是逃匿，由此闵妃开始留心欧洲和美洲势力。闵妃一贯与俄罗斯驻朝公使韦Bell(Вебер)保持正确的涉及，韦Bell内人也是与闵妃一面如旧，时常进出王宫，而韦Bell的四嫂孙泽(Sontag
A.，德意志联邦共和国阿尔萨斯人)更是一朵交际花，与闵妃过从甚密，后来他在闵妃的支撑下于1894年建立在汉城建立了贞洞俱
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whom warrior prints was a forte, depicts each of them with magnificent gallantry. At the time, explicitly publishing or dramatizing anything about the Ako Incident was still forbidden. Yet this series by a popular ukiyo-e artist that does give us glimpses of the actual forty-seven ronin and other characters was published. Perhaps its daring testing of the prohibition was part of the reason for its unprecedented popularity.
Cholera Epidemic in Autumn of the Ansei Year of the Horse
Kanagaki Robun, text; Hakubai Dojin, illustrations
Itfs influenza season.
People living in Edo suffered from epidemics, too. A great many people fell victim to measles, smallpox, tuberculosis, and what were described as colds (probably influenza). In the closing years of the Tokugawa shogunate, cholera joined the ranks of epidemic diseases reaching Japan. Cholera is accompanied by horrendous diarrhea, with patients typically dying three days after falling ill. Given how swiftly the sickness progressed, it was commonly called korori, gsuddenly,h a sad bit of wordplay on korera, the Japanese pronunciation of cholera.
The first cholera epidemic in Edo broke out in 1858 and caused many deaths. The book from which this illustration is taken records the situation in Edo during the epidemic. According to the author, cholera broke out in Edo early in the seventh month. The epidemic peaked in the early to mid eighth month, with a rapidly rising death toll. Those in charge of cremating the dead could barely keep up.
This illustration from the book vividly depicts a crematorium during the epidemic. The priest standing in the center, holding an inkstone and brush, is writing a number on each of the caskets being brought there. Those numbers indicated the order in which the bodies were to be cremated. Behind the priest are stacks of caskets, each with a number, waiting its turn.
Tokyo Nichinichi Newspaper (Polychrome Print News Sheet), no. 322
Ochiai Yoshiiku, design; Tentendo Dondon, text
Newspapers were a new medium introduced to Japan early in the Meiji period. For events that would attract special attention, the early newspapers used nishiki-e shimbun (polychrome print news sheets): single sheets that combined a graphic illustration and text, to tell the story in a realistic manner. The topics of nishiki-e news sheets included morally uplifting stories, extraordinary events, murders, and love stories.
This example reports a story having to do with filial piety, for which the original article was published in the Tokyo Nichinichi Newspaper on March 22, 1873. The nishiki-e version was published in October of 1874. The story it covers concerns a man who ventured deep into the mountains in autumn in search of a small amount of ice for his aged mother. The print has the distinctive air of bunmei kaika (gcivilization and enlightenment,h an early Meiji catchphrase), with the bright red frame around it and the cherub holding the title ribbon. What draws the eye, however, are the black used for the mountain and trees and the green of the plants: the vivid colors characteristic of polychrome ukiyo-e prints.
In the text, the pronunciations, in kana syllabary, are provided for almost all the kanji characters, and sentences that were difficult to understand in the original article have been rewritten in a plainer style. The story itself also contains gossip of a sort that would attract the interest of ordinary people. The story, combined with the striking image, was clearly designed to appeal to the masses. The approachability of nishiki-e news sheets like this led to their being published in increasingly large print runs and contributed to the spread of newspapers in general.
The nishiki-e news sheet had a very short life as a news medium, but its circulating information on current events, which had until then been exclusively available to the educated classes, to the general public was a media revolution.
Snow at Kiba
The sun has set. Snow is steadily piling up on the row of black buildings in the darkness. Logs floating in the river are also covered in snow. Looking up at the sky, lit faintly by the brightness of the snow, we see that those white crystals show no sign of ceasing to fall. We feel the painfully chilly air, yet, somehow, sense something heartwarming. Could it be because of the bright yellow light spilling from the windows?
The subject depicted in this print is the Fukagawa Kiba or lumberyard, during the early Showa period. The artist, Kawase Hasui, created many prints capturing scenes in Tokyo still faintly redolent of Edo, depicting them with a rich emotional ambience.
The lumberyard district that is the setting for this print had done a thriving business from the Edo period on. When the Tokugawa shogunate was established in Edo, lumber wholesalers set up shop near the Nihonbashi bridge. Edo, however, was a city that suffered many fires. Having large amounts of flammable lumber concentrated in its center meant that they burned every time a fire broke out. Thus, in 1701, most of the lumber wholesalers moved to Fukagawa, in what is now the area around Kiba Park in Koto Ward, and a new famous place in Edo was born. The Kiba lumberyard supported the development of Edo and Tokyo until the wholesalersf relocation to Shin Kiba (gnew lumberyardh), also in Koto Ward.
Today dumbbells are usually made of iron or of plastic and filled with water. In the Meiji period, however, wooden ones such as those in this photograph were in common use. They had been introduced from the West as equipment for physical education.
New systems, including education, were being adopted throughout government and society, after the Meiji Restoration; knowledge was eagerly introduced from Europe and America. The result, in the view of the Ministry of Education, was an overemphasis in the school curriculum on absorbing knowledge; to correct that problem, the ministry proclaimed the necessity of balancing the curriculum with physical education as well.
But what sort of physical activity should be adopted? Tanaka Fujimaro, who had made a tour of inspection in the United States in 1876, and Dr. George Adams Leland, who was invited by the ministry to instruct in gymnastics, were assigned to provide guidance at the Physical Education Teaching Center in 1878. They proposed two gymnastics programs, a heavy and a light course; the light course was implemented first. In contrast to the heavy course, which involved track-and-field athletics, the light course consisted of exercises using simple equipment, with the purpose of building bodies suitable for healthy lifestyles. These wooden dumbbells were used in the light course.
The dumbbell exercises using these wooden implements involved holding one in each hand and stretching the arms to the front and sides and rotating them. For Meiji schools, which were cramped and lacked the playgrounds now standard in todayfs schools, such exercises worked well.St. Paul Press recommends African Americans as farm laborers
St. Paul Press (Daily), May 16, 1863
Since the absorption of so many of the laboring class in the army, many of our farmers have found it necessary to reduce the quantity of land under tillage from the sheer want of hands to put in their usual crops, and even then, much of it has gone to waste from the deficiency of help in harvest time. Some of our intelligent farmers have already begun to look to contrabands for aid in this extremity, and if their native repugnance to a northern climate can be overcome, which we think very doubtful indeed, an importation of five or ten thousand negroes might be made with very great advantage to the State.
Source: Internet Archive, Minnesota Historical Society (http://archive.org/details/may2186303thes)Unlock Cat Genetics for Purrfect Health
Cat genetics are the blueprints that dictate everything from coat color, to personality, to the number of toes. Your pet's genes are the reason why Siamese cats are so talkative, ragdolls are cuddly, Sphynx cats are hairless and Persians have smushed faces. While many diseases are multifactorial (meaning they have more than one cause, which can be both genetic and environmental), researchers have identified through genetic sequencing of chromosomes that cats have genetic mutations that predispose them to developing specific diseases. Some of these conditions are even breed-specific.
Just like humans, cats can have mutations in their genome that code sequences incorrectly and predispose them to developing certain diseases. Essentially, this means that the DNA that helps make up cats can be affected at some point in their development that makes the cat more likely to develop diseases. This change in their genetic makeup is kind of like an error in their code. Some diseases, such as polycystic kidney disease in Persians and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (heart disease) in Maine coons and ragdolls, are known to have a genetic component, writes International Cat Care. Other health conditions, like asthmatic or cross-eyed Siamese cats, are disproportionately common in a specific breed, but a single gene for them has not yet been identified.
While any cat can develop a genetic mutation that causes a disease, cat genetic disorders tend to be more common in purebred cats. This is because breeders select cats to breed for specific characteristics that can increase the risk of inherited problems. They may also breed cats that are too closely related from a familial perspective (inbreeding). In some cases such as munchkin cats (dwarf cats that have short legs) or severely brachycephalic (short-nosed) breeds such as Persians, the breed itself can have characteristics that can negatively impact the cat's quality of life. Potential and current pet parents should be aware of the concerns that come with caring for a specific breed.
For example, Munchkin cats are super cute (I mean, look at them!), but it's important to remember that dwarfism is actually a genetic mutation that can cause a cat to develop problems. Dwarfed cats often have joint problems and abnormally curved spines that can predispose them to herniated spinal discs. Furthermore, these cats can be expensive (some kitten price tags are over $1,000), and unsuspecting pet owners are often unaware that they could have steep veterinary bills.
Furry Family Trees
Did you know that cats and humans share more than 90 percent of the same DNA? The Tech Museum of Innovation at Stanford University points out that if you lined up a sequence of one hundred letters of genetic code, only ten would differ between you and your cat. We also share 98 percent of our DNA with chimpanzees and 80 percent with cows (and more than 60 percent with bananas, according to the National Human Genome Research Institute, so maybe we shouldn't get too excited).
Why compare cat genetics in the first place? Analyzing and comparing animal genetics provides a powerful way to study infectious diseases, such as immunodeficiency virus in both cats (FIV) and humans (HIV). Studying cat genetics not only helps us to care for our feline friends better, it helps us understand our own genetic disorders and develop new ways to resist and treat diseases that have a genetic component.
These days, you can actually have your cat's genetics tested through a simple sample collection at your local veterinary clinic. The veterinarian will send the sample off to a lab to be analyzed, and then you can get the results back in a few weeks. DNA tests can provide information, such as disease risk, best guesses at breed ancestry and even your furball's similarity to certain wild cat species.
Understanding cat genetics can help you take proactive measures to try to prevent disease and maintain the best quality of life possible for your furry friend. In doing so, you can gain information about your cat's ancestors and determine if your cat has any of the gene defects that are associated with inherited diseases.
It is important to note that even if your cat carries a genetic mutation that codes for disease, that doesn't necessarily mean that your cat will develop that disease. That is because a lot of these diseases are multifactorial or polygenic, and may require multiple genes to be involved or specific environmental conditions to be expressed. Your vet will be your best resource on what to do with the results of your cat's genetic test. Genetic testing helps you know your cat inside and out, and provide the best environment and care so that you can have a long and healthy life together.
Did you know that genetic research also helps play a role in choosing the right nutrition for your cat? In fact, Hill's Pet Nutrition cracked the feline genome back in 2008 and donated the results to Morris Animal Foundation for further research. We use this type of research to help create cat foods founded in research that interact with your cat's natural biology to keep her happy and healthy.
If you are planning on breeding cats, knowing the genetic predispositions of the breed and having breeding animals tested for genetic disease can ensure that you will not be forcing cats to pass on any genetic mutations to their offspring. This has been very helpful in the case of polycystic kidney disease (PKD) in flat-faced cats. PKD causes cysts to form in the kidneys of affected cats, which leads to premature kidney failure. PKD is a simple autosomal dominant genetic disease, which means that it is passed down to offspring even if only one of the parents has the mutation. A simple blood test has been developed to detect this genetic mutation, and the prevalence of PKD has been dramatically reduced by testing cats before breeding.
For the average pet parent, it's a good idea to have your kitty spayed or neutered to avoid starting any kind of breeding program in your house. Instead of taking home a purebred kitten, you can also look for adoptable kittens and cats at your local animal shelter. They might look like a genetic grab bag, but you'll be sure to find one whose blend of traits makes her a perfect companion for you.
If you want to have your cat's genes tested, there are companies that offer genetic tests that will offer breed ancestry, health and wellness recommendations. The University of California Davis Veterinary Genetics Laboratory also provides genetic testing for specific feline health conditions.
Knowing the genetic makeup of every hair on your cat's head is fascinating, but it's also important to treat her as an individual, with needs and personality quirks that you and your vet, not a breeder, know best. By providing good nutrition and a healthy environment and taking genetics into account, you can positively shape your cat's health and well-being.
Dr. Sarah Wooten
Dr. Sarah Wooten graduated from UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine in 2002. A member of the American Society of Veterinary Journalists, Dr. Wooten divides her professional time between small animal practice in Greeley, Colorado, public speaking on associate issues, leadership, and client communication, and writing. She enjoys camping with her family, skiing, SCUBA, and participating in triathlons.RIO DE JANEIRO
- Il giudice Luiz Alberto Cunha de Andrade lo ha chiamato, ma lui non si è presentato. Adriano era stato convocato per testimoniare nell'ambito dell'indagine su presunti rapporti con il trafficante Fabiano Atanasio, uno dei capi dei "narcos" di Vila Cruzeiro, zona periferica della metropoli carioca. Tutto ha avuto origine da due foto pubblicate su un quotidiano brasiliano, dove il calciatore tiene in mano un fucile e fa un gesto riconducibile alla gang "Comando Vermelho". Un tentativo di estorsione, a detta del suo procuratore Gilmar Rinaldi. Ma il neo-acquisto della Roma ha saltato l'appuntamento e ha mandato il suo legale."SOLO UN TESTIMONE"
- Andrade ha precisato che "per ora a carico di Adriano non ci sono accuse, deve essere sentito solo come testimone, ma sarebbe bene si presentasse per chiarire i fatti che lo riguardano e dimostrare che non ha nulla da nascondere". Il giudice ha anche messo in chiaro che il giocatore ha tempo fino a mercoledì, a prescindere dagli impegni. E se non si presenterà? "Potremmo trovare il modo per costringerlo a a farlo in tempi brevi", ha detto Andrade. Adriano dovrebbe partire il prossimo 7 giugno per firmare un contratto triennale con i giallorossi.
(01 giugno 2010)Historically, Zen Buddhism originates in the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama. Around 500 B.C. he was a prince in what is now India. At the age of 29, deeply troubled by the suffering he saw around him, he renounced his privileged life to seek understanding. After 6 years of struggling as an ascetic he finally achieved Enlightenment at age 35. After this he was known as the Buddha (meaning roughly "one who is awake"). In a nutshell, he realized that everything is subject to change and that suffering and discontentment are the result of attachment to circumstances and things which, by their nature, are impermanent. By ridding oneself of these attachments, including attachment to the false notion of self or "I", one can be free of suffering.
The teachings of the Buddha have, to this day, been passed down from
teacher to student. Around 475 A.D. one of these teachers, Bodhidharma,
traveled from India to China and introduced the teachings of the Buddha
there. In China Buddhism mingled with Taoism. The result of this
mingling was the Ch'an School of Buddhism. Around 1200 A.D. Ch'an
Buddhism spread from China to Japan where it is called (at least in
translation) Zen Buddhism.
What is Zen? (the real question)
This question basically asks "What is the essence of Zen?". It
appears in various guises throughout Zen literature, from "What is the
meaning of Bodhidharma's coming from the West?" to "Have you eaten
yet?". The question cuts right to the heart of the matter and can only
be answered by you. Perhaps the best answer is "practice".
Why do people post such nonsense to this group?
One of the central points of Zen is intuitive understanding. As a
result, words and sentences have no fixed meaning, and logic is often
irrelevant. Words have meaning only in relation to who is using them,
who they are talking to, and what situation they are used in. Some
postings are indeed nonsense; other postings appear to be nonsense at
first but this is because the meaning is all between the lines. Zen
and poetry have gone hand in hand for centuries.
Instructions For The Practice Of Zazen (Sitting
This zazen FAQ is based (with modification) on the publication
Shikantaza: An Introduction to Zazen published by the
Kyoto Soto-Zen Center. Some sectarian differences are noted under
Difficulties and Expedients. The main text is minimalist in
aiming to present what is most common in as many teaching lines as
Shashu is performed by placing the thumbtip of the left hand as close to the left palm as
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US gallons (10 litres) of milk. Let the milk curdle for half an hour, then put the curd in aluminum moulds with small holes in them to drain. Refrigerate the cheeses at a temperature between 32 and 39 F (0 and 4 C.) making sure to use within 6 to 7 days. The cheese would be unmoulded directly into the container that the customer had brought with.
Modern method: Heat the milk to 177 F (81 C) and hold it there for 20 minutes. Then lower the temperature to 98 to 100 F (37 to 38 C) and add 4 1/2 oz (133 ml) of rennet per 26 1/2 US gallons (100 litres.) Allow it to curdle for 10 to 15 minutes, then put into the same plastic containers it will be sold in.
A Brousse is a term for soft cheese made in Provence, France, made from sheep or goat’s milk. It may be so soft as to be like a cream cheese, or have more texture to it, like a ricotta. The term Brousse comes the French words “brousse” / “brousser”, which have several meanings to them. Some feel that the meaning that applies to the cheese is the meaning of “beaten” — but then not all brousse cheeses have their curd beaten. Others feel that the meaning that applies is that of “woods, bush, back-woods” alluding to the sheeps or goats wandering about in off the beaten track, hard-scrabble patches of land.In questo video vediamo Pellegatti che rosica talmente tanto per il pareggio della Juventus che si mette ad inveire a fine partita dicendo “che vergogna” e dando a Conte del “testa di cazzo”.
Non so come vorranno procedere (ma non credo) i vertici della Juventus dopo questo affronto, ma vi sembra possibile che un telecronista che dovrebbe essere il quanto più imparziale possibile possa permettersi di schierarsi così apertamente per una squadra o per un’altra? Ma dov’è la professionalità? Ah, se ci fosse Pizzul.ABD Dışişleri Bakanlığı, Silivri Cezaevi'nde tutuklu bulunan Osman Kavala hakkında açıklama yaptı.
Yazılı açıklamada, Kavala'nın serbest bırakılması için Türkiye'ye çağrıda bulunuldu.
Açıklama şöyle:
"Türk hayırsever ve sivil toplum lideri Osman Kavala, bu hafta itibariyle 1000 gündür herhangi bir suçlama olmaksızın hapiste yatıyor. ABD, uluslararası yükümlülüklere ve taahhütlere saygının öneminin altını çizmektedir. Türkiye'ye adalet ve hukuka bağlı kalma taahhütünü yerine getirmesi ve Osman Kavala'yı serbest bırakması yönünde çağrıda bulunuyor, davanın adil, şeffaf ve hızlı bir şekilde yürütülmesini talep ediyoruz."Amici senza benefici
Trama Episodio
A Meg piace Kent, un ragazzo del suo liceo, ma è convinta di non essere ricambiata. Decide allora di fare la prima mossa e lo invita a uscire. Con sua grande sorpresa Kent accetta. Le cose però non vanno come Meg immaginava: infatti alla fine della serata passata insieme, Kent le confida di essere gay, e di provare attrazione per Chris.Bu belirli hata, Windows'u kendi bilgisayarlarına yeni bir şekilde yüklemeye çalışan kullanıcılara görünür. Hata, doğası gereği oldukça can sıkıcıdır, özellikle de sorunun doğasını açıklamadan Windows'u yüklemenize izin vermeyeceği için. Tam hata mesajı:
"Windows bu diske yüklenemez. seçilen diskte bir MBR bölüm tablosu var. EFI sisteminde, Windows yalnızca GPT disklerine yüklenebilir. "
Bu sorunu çözmenin birçok farklı yolu vardır ve kullanıcılara en çok yardımcı olan yöntemleri temsil edeceğiz!
Windows'un Seçili Diske Yüklenmesini Ne Engeller?
Bu hata, bölümlerinizi nasıl yönettiğiniz ve biçimlendirdiğinizle yakından ilgilidir ve ana nedenler doğası gereği hemen hemen benzerdir. İşte en yaygın nedenlerin kısa bir listesi:
- Sürücünüz farklı bir dosya biçimi kullanacak şekilde yanlış yapılandırılmıştır ve bu sorundan kurtulmak için tüm bölümlerini silmeniz gerekebilir.
- Sizin önyükleme sırası EFI önyükleme için doğru şekilde ayarlanmamış olabilir ve BIOS belli seçeneğini devre dışı bırakmayı ile birlikte değiştirmek isteyebilirsiniz.
- Diskinizi GPT'ye dönüştürmeden ve bu sorundan kurtulmadan önce temizlemeye ihtiyaç duyabilir .
1.Çözüm: Bölümlerinizi Silin
Sabit sürücünüzdeki bölümler, MBR bölüm tablosunu kullanmak için yanlış yapılandırılmışsa, bu konuda yapabileceğiniz en iyi şey, bölümlerinizi silmektir. Bu yöntem yalnızca sürücülerindeki herhangi bir veriyi kaybetmeye hazır olan kullanıcılar için önerilir. Örneğin, herhangi bir kişisel dosya olmadan yeni bir yükleme yapıyorsanız, bunu kontrol edin!
- Kurulum medyasını takın ve bilgisayarı başlatın. Dil, saat ve tarih ayarlarını vb. Ayarlayın.
- Daha önce bu bilgisayara Windows 10 yüklemediyseniz, Windows etkinleştirme ekranını göreceksiniz. Windows 10 anahtarınızı buraya girin. Anahtarınız yoksa ancak geçerli bir 7, 8 veya 8.1 anahtarınız varsa, bunun yerine buraya girin. Ayrıca bu bölümü atlayabilir ve kurulum tamamlandıktan sonra anahtarı girebilirsiniz.
- “ Ne tür bir yükleme istiyorsunuz? ”Ekranı. Tamamen farklı bir şey olan yükseltme yüklemesi yerine temiz bir yükleme yaptığınızdan emin olmak için " Özel " seçeneğini seçin .
- Şimdi “ Windows'u nereye yüklemek istiyorsunuz? "Etkinleştirdiğiniz bölümleri içeren ekran. Mevcut işletim sisteminin sistem dosyalarını içeren her birini seçin ve Sil'e tıklayın. Windows'u yüklemek istediğiniz yeri seçin ve süreci takip edin. Hata daha fazla görünmemelidir.
Çözüm 2: Önyükleme Sırasını DVD Olarak Değiştirin
Bu yöntem aynı zamanda birçok kullanıcıya yardımcı olmuştur ve avantajı, hiçbir şeyi silmenize gerek kalmamasıdır. Ancak, önyükleme yöneticisinin her şeyden önce DVD'yi kontrol etmesini emretmek için belirli BIOS ayarlarını düzenlemeniz gerekecektir!
- Bilgisayarınızı açın ve Computer Setup Utility veya BIOS ayarları açılana kadar hemen klavyenizdeki BIOS Setup tuşuna arka arkaya birkaç kez, yaklaşık saniyede bir kez basın. Bu tuş, Kurulum'u çalıştırmak için ekranınızda _ tuşuna basın olarak gösterilecektir.
- BIOS ayarları penceresi açıldığında Güvenlik menüsüne geçmek için sağ ok tuşunu kullanın, menüden Güvenli Önyükleme Yapılandırmasını seçmek için aşağı ok tuşunu kullanın ve Enter tuşuna basın. Bu seçenekler bazen Sistem Yapılandırması veya Güvenlik sekmesi altındaki konumdur
- Bu seçeneği kullanmadan önce bir uyarı görünecektir. Güvenli Önyükleme Yapılandırması menüsüne devam etmek için F10 tuşuna basın. Güvenli Önyüklemeyi seçmek için aşağı ok tuşunu kullanın ve bu ayarı Devre Dışı Bırak olarak değiştirmek için sağ ok tuşunu kullanın.
- Eski Desteği seçmek için aşağı ok tuşunu kullanın ve ardından Etkinleştir olarak değiştirmek için sağ ok tuşunu kullanın .
- Eski Önyükleme Sırası ayarlarının altında, USB CD / DVD ROM Sürücüsü seçeneğinizi seçin ve uygun tuşları kullanın (bu seçeneği USB veya DVD'den önyüklemenizi sağlamak için önyükleme sırasının üstüne eklemek için ekranın altında açıklanmıştır. seçenek mevcutsa, EFI / UEFI Önyükleme Kaynaklarını devre dışı bıraktığınızdan emin olun.
- Değişiklikleri kaydetmek için F10 tuşuna basın. Dosya menüsüne gitmek için sol ok tuşunu kullanın, Değişiklikleri Kaydet ve Çık'a geçmek için aşağı ok tuşunu kullanın ve ardından Evet'i seçmek için Enter tuşuna basın.
- Bilgisayar Kurulum Yardımcı Programı şimdi kapanacak ve bilgisayar yeniden başlamalıdır. Bilgisayar yeniden başlatıldığında, sorunun hala devam edip etmediğini görmek için Windows kurulumunu yeniden yüklemeyi deneyin.
3. Çözüm: Diski Temizleyin ve GPT'ye Dönüştürün
Yukarıdaki yöntemler başarısız olduysa, sürücüyü tamamen temizlemek ve kolayca GPT'ye dönüştürmek için her zaman Komut İstemi ve DISKPART'ı kullanabilirsiniz. Bu işlemin sürücüyü de temizleyeceğini unutmayın, bu nedenle her şeyin yedeklendiğinden emin olun.
- Bilgisayarınızın sistemi çalışmıyorsa, bu işlem için pencereleri yüklemek için kullanılan yükleme medyasını kullanmanız gerekecektir. Sahip olduğunuz veya yeni oluşturduğunuz kurulum sürücüsünü takın ve bilgisayarınızı önyükleyin.
- Klavye düzeninizi seçin penceresini göreceksiniz, böylece kullanmak istediğinizi seçin. Bir seçenek belirleyin ekranı görünecektir, bu nedenle Sorun Giderme >> Gelişmiş Seçenekler >> Komut İstemi'ne gidin .
- Bu komut istemi penceresinde, yeni bir satıra basitçe " diskpart " yazın ve bu komutu çalıştırmak için Enter tuşuna tıklayın.
- Bu, çeşitli Diskpart komutlarını çalıştırmanızı sağlamak için Komut İstemi penceresini değiştirecektir. İlk çalıştıracağınız, mevcut tüm ciltlerin tam listesini görmenizi sağlayacak olanıdır. Bunu yazın ve daha sonra Enter'a tıkladığınızdan emin olun:
DISKPART> liste
- Diskler listesinde hangi numaraya atanmış olduğuna bağlı olarak DVD sürücünüzü dikkatlice seçtiğinizden emin olun. Diyelim ki numarası 1. Şimdi USB sürücünüzü seçmek için aşağıdaki komutu çalıştırın:
DISKPART> birim 1'i seçin
- "Cilt 1, seçilen hacimdir" gibi bir şey söyleyen bir mesaj görünmelidir.
Not : USB aygıtınıza hangi sürücü numarasının ait olduğundan emin değilseniz, bunu yapmanın en kolay yolu sağ bölmede boyutunu kontrol etmektir. Ayrıca, "Windows'u nereye yüklemek istiyorsunuz?" hatanın ilk ortaya çıktığı pencere.
- Bu birimi temizlemek için yapmanız gereken tek şey aşağıda görüntülenen komutu yazıp ardından Enter tuşuna tıklamak ve işlemin tamamlanması için sabırlı kalmaktır. İşlem şimdi bir değişiklik için başarılı olmalıdır. Komut seti ayrıca diski GPT'ye dönüştürecek ve umarız sorunu çözecektir.
GPT Çıkışını Temizleعکس فرزندان شهید منصور ستاری + زندگینامه سورنا ستاری
سورنا ستاری و همسرش سورنا ستاری و خانواده اش تحصیلات سورنا ستاری همسرمنصور ستاری فرزندان سورنا ستاری سرلشگر شهید منصور ستاری Sorena Sattari
سورنا ستاری خواص، دانشیار دانشگاه صنعتی شریف، معاون علمی و فناوری رئیس جمهور ایران و رئیس بنیاد ملی نخبگان است. وی، فرزند سرلشکر منصور ستاری است.
او در سال ۱۳۸۴، بعد از برکناری مهدی هاشمی رفسنجانی به عنوان مدیرعامل سازمان بهینهسازی مصرف سوخت انتخاب شد، اما یک سال بعد از سمتش استعفا داد. ستاری در تاریخ ۱۳ مهر ۱۳۹۲ با حکم حسن روحانی به عنوان معاون علمی و فناوری رئیسجمهور منصوب شد. او در تاریخ ۲ مهر ۱۳۹۲ با حکم بیژن نامدار زنگنه، وزیر نفت به عنوان رئیس پژوهشگاه صنعت نفت منصوب گردیده بود که پس از انتصاب به سمت معاونت علمی رئیسجمهور در بیست و نهم همان ماه جای خود را به حمیدرضا کاتوزیان داد.
سورنا ستاری، مدارج کارشناسی، کارشناسی ارشد و دکتری مهندسی مکانیک را در دانشگاه صنعتی شریف گذراند.وقت بگذارید و در مورد زندگی چارلی چاپلین را بخوانید. حقایق جالبی از دوران کودکی پر مشقت و چالش برانگیزش وجود دارد که قطعا برایتان شنیدنی است. حقایق زندگی چارلی چاپلین، این ستاره سینما شما را شگفت زده خواهد کرد. چاپلین تنها 5 سال داشت که روی صحنه حاضر شد والدین چاپلین هر دو از
وقت بگذارید و در مورد زندگی چارلی چاپلین را بخوانید. حقایق جالبی از دوران کودکی پر مشقت و چالش برانگیزش وجود دارد که قطعا برایتان شنیدنی است. حقایق زندگی چارلی چاپلین، این ستاره سینما شما را شگفت زده خواهد کرد.
چاپلین تنها 5 سال داشت که روی صحنه حاضر شد
والدین چاپلین هر دو از هنرمندان سالن موسیقی لندن بودند. او در زندگی نامهاش توضیح داده که چگونه در سن 5 سالگی وقتی که صدای مادرش ناگهان در مقابل انبوه سربازان قطع شد، مدیر صحنه – یا احتمالاً پدرش او را به عنوان جایگزین روی صحنه آوردند.
چاپلین ابتدا یک آهنگ محبوب به نام “جک جونز” را خواند و حضار را ترغیب کرد که روی سرش سکه بپاشند. او هم خواندن را رها کرده مشغول جمع کردن سکه ها شد که همه را به خنده وا داشت.
سپس وقتی شروع به تقلید صدای مادرش که مبتلا به فلج تارهای صوتی بود، کرد بیشتر حضار را به خنده انداخت. چند سال بعد، چاپلین اولین بازی حرفهای خود را به عنوان عضوی از گروه رقص نوجوانان اجرا کرد. بعدها چند نقش دیگر در تئاتر داشت.
چاپلین در یک یتیم خانه بزرگ شد
با بدتر شدن وضعیت سلامتی مادر چاپلین، وضعیت مالی خانواده نیز بدتر شد. اوضاع آنقدر بد شد که در سال 1896 چاپلین و برادر ناتنی بزرگترش به یک مدرسه شبانه روزی دولتی برای «اطفال یتیم و بی بضاعت» فرستاده شدند.
چاپلین حدود 18 ماه را در آنجا گذراند. او خواندن و نوشتن را آموخت، اما مورد اهانت هم قرار گرفت. اندکی بعد، مادرش در یک آسایشگاه روانی بستری شد. پدرش هم در 37 سالگی بر اثر اعتیاد به الکل درگذشت.
چاپلین از اولین فیلم خود متنفر بود
در طول دومین تور چاپلین در ایالات متحده در سال 1913، استودیو کیستون او را با 150 دلار در هفته استخدام کرد. او اولین حضور سینمایی خود را در اوایل سال بعد با ایفای نقش یک کلاهبردار بیکار در فیلم “ساخت زندگی” رقم زد.
با این حالچاپلین از بازی در این نقش اصلا خوشحال نبود. او بعداً گفت: “من از بازی در این فیلم متنفر هستم” او همچنین کارگردان را متهم کرد که بهترین قسمتهای فیلم نامه را از روی حسادت حذف کرده است.
چاپلین در همه فیلم ها به جز چند فیلم، یک شخصیت را بازی میکرد
چاپلین قبل از فیلم دومش، یک روز یک شلوار گشاد، کت تنگ، کفشهای بزرگ، کلاه کاسهای کوچک و عصای بامبو داشت و یک سبیل تقلبی کوچک هم به آن اضافه کرد. بر اساس گفته اطرافیانش در حالی که همبازیهایش در حال بازی پینوچل بودند، او مشغول گشت زدن بود، صحنهای که سر کیستون “آنقدر خندیده بود که بدنش هم میلرزید.”
سپس سر کیستون فریاد زد که چاپلین، این دقیقا نقشی است که تو باید اجرایش کنی. این شخصیت به اصطلاح ولگرد کوچولو بلافاصله بین مخاطبین و بینندگان محبوب شد. او در سال 1914 در دهها فیلم کوتاه که بیشترش را خودش کارگردانی میکرد، در نقش ولگرد کوچک ظاهر شد.
چاپلین به سرعت میلیونر شد
چاپلین با 1250 دلار در هفته به اضافه 10000 دلار پاداش، در دسامبر 1914 به استودیو Essanay که او را به عنوان “بزرگترین کمدین جهان” معرفی کرد، پیوست. او سپس با شرکت Mutual Film Corporation با مبلغ 670000 دلار در سال قرارداد امضا کرد و پس از آن برای ساخت 8 کمدی برای First National با مبلغ بیش
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immature chicks have duller, shorter tails.
In the wild these boisterous little birds like to nest in the hollow limbs and holes found in trees. When kept as pets nest boxes or hollow limbs can be placed in the aviary. And to keep your birds truly happy it’s also a good idea to plant some non-poisonous naïve plants for the birds to “hide in” and to chew on.
It’s also a good idea to spread fresh sawdust on the floor of the aviary but in one corner only and change it as soon as it becomes soiled.
All food and water dishes must be kept clean and fresh nectar mix needs to be given each day. And because of their liquid diet, droppings are very watery so the best way to house these birds is in suspended aviaries and make cleaning much easier.
As a rule these birds do not eat seed – they are nectar eaters and so need a special nectar mix both wet and dry in constant supply. Fresh apples, grapes, bananas, insects and their larvae, and pollen from eucalyptus blossoms and native trees also need to be supplied to provide a balanced diet.
Features: The mouth parts of Lorikeets have been modified to allow them to easily collect a diet of plant nectar. The female usually lays two eggs that she incubates on her own for 23 days, but the male helps feed the chicks once they have hatched.
When flying together in a flock these birds give out a continuous screech and a shrill chatter when feeding and a soft twitter when they are feeling safe and relaxed.
Lorikeets appear to be fearless and in their search for food will scramble over all visitors who come to see them in the various parks where they are fed with a diluted honey mixture.Fed'den ABD'nin En Büyük Bankalarına “Yeşil Işık”
Fed, finans kuruluşlarının sağlamlığını ölçmek amacıyla 2010'dan bu yana her yıl yaptığı Kapsamlı Sermaye Analizleri ve Değerlendirmesinin (CCAR) ikinci aşamasına ilişkin sonuçları açıkladı.
Buna göre, değerlendirmeye tabi tutulan 34 Amerikan bankasının hepsinin sermaye planları kabul edildi. JP Morgan Chase, Bank of America, Citigroup, Goldman Sachs, HSBC ve Morgan Stanley gibi finans devlerinin aralarında bulunduğu bu kuruluşlar, Fed'in sermaye planlarına itiraz etmemesi sayesinde ekstra sermayelerini hisse geri alımı ve temettü dağıtımı için kullanma imkanı kazandı.
Öte yandan, Fed'in sermaye planını kabul etmesine rağmen planlama sürecindeki zayıflıkları yıl sonuna kadar gidermesi istenen tek banka Virginia merkezli Capital One oldu. Ülkenin en büyük 9'uncu bankası niteliğindeki Capital One'ın sermaye planını güçlendirerek bu yıl sona ermeden yeniden sunması gerektiği bildirildi.
Amerikan bankalarının hisse senetleri, Fed'in "yeşil ışık" olarak değerlendirilen açıklamasının ardından değer kazandı. JP Morgan Chase ve Bank of America yüzde 4'ü aşan artışlarla hisselerdeki kazançlara öncülük etti.Almost every thing that humans “know how to do” involves solving a certain problem(s). For example, tying your shoes solves the problem of keeping your shoes on your feet when you walk or run. It’s a simple and beautiful solution to common (and important!) problem. Somebody clever had to figure it out first.
You know how to do many things, from simple things like tying your shoes, to very difficult things like designing buildings or writing computer programs. The challenge: can you explain how to do something in English?
In your “How To” presentation, include the following sections:
- An Introduction to a General Situation
- An Explanation of a Specific Problem
- A Solution to the Problem
- How to do the Solution, in steps
- Concluding Evaluative Remarks
Here’s my Sample Presentation about cutting “dovetail joints.”
- No long sentences on slides.
- Keep graphics simple & easy to understand.
- Simplified steps okay.
- No reading sentences!
Presentation Rehearsal Day: 6/17 & 6/24
7/1 & 7/8 7/8 & 7/15
Print this rubricبه گزارش خبرنگار گروه استان های باشگاه خبرنگاران جوان از ساری ، محمدپور عمران رئیس سازمان صنعت، معدن و تجارت مازندران گفت: با توجه به عزم این سازمان برای مبارزه با این پدیده شوم بیش از ۸۸۰ مورد بازرسی خرداد امسال در سراسر استان انجام شد.
وی پرونده تشکیل شده برای واحدهای متخلف را بیش از ۵ هزار و ۸۰۰ میلیارد ریال اعلام کرد و افزود: پروندههای جهت سیر قانونی به اداره تعزیرات حکومتی ارسال شده است.
محمدپور عمران با بیان اینکه بازرسیهای صورت گرفته از واحدهای عمده و خرده فروشی و شرکت های پخش بود، افزود: کالاهای قاچاق کشف شده شامل سیگار، لوازم آرایشی و بهداشتی، مواد غذایی و خوار و بار، انواع آدامس، انواع نوشیدنی، برنج و لوازم خانگی بوده است.
رئیس سازمان صنعت، معدن و تجارت مازندران گفت: شهروندان استان میتوانند با مشاهده هر گونه تخلف اقتصادی اعم از گرانفروشی، عدم درج قیمت، تقلب عدم صدور فاکتور و یا مشاهده کالاهای قاچاق موارد را به سامانه تلفنی ۱۲۴ اعلام کنند.
انتهای پیام/ م
شناسایی ۷۲ متخلف در طرح تشدید مبارزه با قاچاق کالاآی اسپورت- ادینسون کاوانی، مهاجم تیم ملی اروگوئه معتقد است که بازیکنان تیم ملی انگلیس مانند "ماشین" است.
مهاجم پاری سن ژرمن که شایعات زیادی مبنی بر حضورش در لیگ برتر به گوش می رسد، تاکید کرد که برای فوتبال و فرهنگ فوتبالی انگلیس، احترام زیادی قائل است.
کاوانی در مصاحبه با Perform گفت:" آنها ماشین هستند. فکر میکنم انگلیسیها، ایتالیایی ها و آلمان ها، روحیاتی شبیه به هم دارند و برای همین، آنها را ماشین میدانم.
زیرا آنها تاکتیکهای خوبی دارند، تحت فشار بسیار خوب کار میکنند و برای همین من انگلیس را به عنوان یکی از بهترین لیگهای دنیا میدانم.
برای من، بازی کردن مقابل آنها و بازیکنانی که دارند، فوقالعاده خواهد بود."
با این حال، کاوانی از اینکه تیم ملی کشورش، بازیکنی مثل سوارس را در ترکیب خود دارد، بسیار خوشحال است.
او گفت: "ما بازیکنانی را داریم که در سطح اول فوتبال انگلیس بازی میکنند و شخصیت انگلیسی دارند زیرا برای بازی کردن کنار آنها باید آنگونه شوی.
بازیکنانی داریم که آن سطح از فوتبال را به خوبی میشناسند و در بالاترین سطح، فوتبال بازی کردهاند.
امروزه، تیم ملی ما بازیکنانی دارد که در سطح اروپا و تیمهای بزرگ بازی کرده و تجربه خوبی دارند.
برای همین است که اروگوئه در سطح جهان شناخته شده است، زیرا با وجود جمعیت کمی که داریم، بازیکنان بسیار خوبی در سطح جهان داریم که مقابل ایتالیا یا انگلیس یا هرتیم دیگری، برای پیروزی پا در میدان میگذارند."Nasıl Telefon Operatörü Olunur? Telefon Operatörü Ne İş Yapar?
Telefon operatörü olmak için herhangi bir bölümden mezuniyet şartı aranmaz. En az lise mezunu olan ve temel düzeyde bilgisayar kullanıp iletişim yeteneği gelişmiş olan kişiler telefon operatörü olarak çalışabilir. Telefon operatörü, bulunduğu kurumun ürün ve hizmetlerini bilgi almak isteyen müşterileri aktarır, sorularını yanıtlar ve bilgi verir.
Telefon Operatörü Olmak için Koşullar Nelerdir?
Telefon operatörü olmak için gerekenler şunlardır:
- En az lise mezunu olmak
- Çalışılacak alanla ilgili bilgi sahibi olmak
- MS Office programlarını kullanmayı bilmek
- Temel bilgisayar kullanımına hâkim olmak
Telefon Operatörü Olmak için Gerekli Eğitimler Nelerdir?
Telefon operatörü olmak için liseden mezun olmak yeterlidir. Meslek, bu alanda deneyim elde edilerek öğrenilir.
Kimler Telefon Operatörü Olabilir?
Telefon operatörü olmak için kişinin sahip olması gereken özellikler şunlardır:
- Sabırlı olmak
- Etkili iletişim becerisine sahip olmak
- Çözüm odaklı olmak
- Sorunlara hızlı ve etkili çözüm üretebilmek
- Stres altında çalışmaya dayanıklı olmak
- Sorumluluk sahibi olmak
Kimler Telefon Operatörü Olamaz?
Şu kişiler telefon operatörü olamaz:
- Çalışacağı alana ilişkin bilgi sahibi olmayanlar
- En az lise mezunu olmayanlar
- Office programlarını kullanmayı bilmeyenler
- Temel bilgisayar kullanımını bilmeyenler
Telefon Operatörü Maaşları Nasıldır?
Telefon operatörünün maaşı 4250 TL ile 5500 TL aralığındadır.
Telefon operatörü maaş aralığı, kişinin çalıştığı kuruma, alacağı prime ve tecrübesine bağlı olarak değişir.
Telefon Operatörü Mesleğinin Zorlukları Nelerdir?
Telefon operatörü olmanın dezavantajı şunlardır:
- Gelir ortalamanın altından
- Bu alanda rakip sayısı çok fazla olduğu için istihdam kısıtlıdır
- Zor kişilerle iletişim kurmak deneyim gerektirir
- Bütün gün telefonda iletişim kurmak yorucudur
- Kamuda ataması bulunmaz
Telefon Operatörü Nerelerde Çalışabilir?
Telefon operatörü çalışma alanları şunlardır:
- Kurumların müşteri hizmetleri
- Çağrı merkezleri
Telefon Operatörünün Emeklilik Şartları Nelerdir?
Özel sektörde telefon operatörü pozisyonunda 8 Eylül 1999'dan sonra işe başlayan erkekler, 7000 gün prim ödeme şartını sağladıklarında 60 yaşında emekli olur. Bu gruptaki kişiler için sigortalılık süresine bakılmaz. 1 Mayıs 2008 tarihi itibarıyla çalışmaya başlayan erkekler için 7200 prim günü sayısını doldurduklarında emeklilik yaşı 60 yaşından başlayıp 65'e kadar devam eder.
Özel sektörde telefon operatörü pozisyonunda 8 Eylül 1999'dan sonra işe başlayan kadınlar, 7000 gün prim ödeme şartını sağladıklarında 58 yaşında emekli olur. Bu kategorideki kadınlar için sigortalılık süresi önemli değildir. 1 Mayıs 2008 tarihi itibarıyla çalışmaya başlayan kadınlar için ise emeklilik yaşı 7200 prim günü sayısını doldurdukları sürece 58’dir.
Özelde Telefon Operatörü Olmak için Gerekenler Nedir?
Özelde telefon operatörü olmak için gerekli şartlar şunlardır:
- En az lise mezunu olmak
- Sektör hakkında bilgi sahibi olmak
- Office programlarını kullanmayı bilmek
- Temel düzeyde bilgisayar kullanmayı bilmek
Özelde Telefon Operatörü Olmanın Avantajları Nedir?
Özelde telefon operatörü olmanın avantajları şunlardır:
- Prim sistemi uygulanır
- Terfi alma imkânı bulunur
- Sınav şartı olmadan çalışma hayatına başlanabilir
Yurt Dışında Telefon Operatörü Olmak için Gerekenler Nedir?
Yurt dışında telefon operatörü olmak için gerekli kriterler şunlardır:
- Yurt dışında çalışma izni almak
- Etkili iletişim becerilerine sahip olmak
- İyi derecede yabancı dil bilmek
- Meslekte yetkinliğe dair referans sunmak
Yurt Dışında Telefon Operatörü Olmanın Avantajları Nedir?
Yurt dışında telefon operatörü olmanın avantajları şunlardır:
- Kişinin çalıştığı alanla ilgili bilgi birikimi artar
- Yabancı dili geliştirmeye katkı sunar
Telefon Operatörü Nasıl Giyinir?
Telefon operatörü mesleği, yüz yüze iletişim gerektirmediğinden belirli bir kıyafet uygulaması yoktur. Çalışanlar, kurumlarına uygun ölçüde istedikleri kıyafetleri tercih edebilir.
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- %0حمله به خبرنگار رادیو سوئد در روسیه
ماریا پرشون لووگرن، خبرنگار رادیو سوئد در روسیه، در منطقه اینگوشین مورد حمله قرار گرفت. او که در این حمله آسیب سطحی دیده بود، اکنون در امنیت به سر می برد.
بعد از ظهر روز چهارشنبه، این خبرنگار به همراه سه خبرنگار دیگر و چند فعال حقوق بشرعضو کمیته ضد شکنجه روسیه، مورد حمله نزدیک به بیست مهاجم نقابدار قرار گرفتند.
این حمله زمانی رخ داد که این هیئت در حال سفر به سمت شهر گروزنی واقع در منطقه قفقاز شمالی بودند. افراد نقابدار اتوبوس حامل خبرنگاران را متوقف کردند و پس از پیاده کردن سرنشینان، با چماق و چاقو به آنها حمله کردند و سپس اتوبوس را شعله ور ساختند.
ستن خوستروم، خبرنگار سابق رادیو سوئد در روسیه، می گوید که منطقه شمال قفقاز از بیست سال پیش به این سو همواره سابقه ناآرامی داشته است و به گفته او این منطقه با جرایم سازماندهی شده دولتی بیگانه نیست. او اضافه می کند که حتی گروه دولت اسلامی در برخی از نقاط این منطقه فعال است.
جینا لیندبری، مدیر بخش اخبار خارجی رادیو سوئد، می گوید که هنوز برای ارزیابی تاثیر این حادثه در آینده کاری این بخش زود است. او اضافه می کند: «هدف قرار گرفتن خبرنگاران مساله ای نگران کننده است. ما تصور نمی کردیم که این سفر می تواند برای همکارمان خطرآفرین باشد.»۱۴ میلیون افغان را فقر و گرسنگی شدید تهدید می کند
صدای المان
یونیسف و برنامه غذایی سازمان متحد اعلام کردند که اگر امدادرسانی نشود، ۱۴ میلیون انسان در افغانستان با فقر و گرسنگی شدید و ۳.۲ میلیون کودک زیر پنج سال تا پایان سال جاری به سوءتغذیه حاد گرفتار خواهند شد.
این ادارات گفته اند که ترکیبی از جنگ، بحران کرونا و خشکسالی باعث شده که افغانستان با کمبود شدید مواد خوراکی روبرو شود.
مسئولان برنامه غذایی جهان در شهر روم ایتالیا اعلام کرده اند که در افغانستان در همه بخشها مانند آب آشامیدنی، مواد غذایی و بهداشت عمومی کمبودیوجود دارد.
مرتبط: ملل متحد از وقوع «قحطی» در افغانستان هشدار داد
به گفته آنان نزدیک شدن زمستان اوضاع را بدتر می کند. بر اساس مشاهدات برنامه غذایی سازمان ملل متحد، ۹۵ درصد افغان ها در حال حاضر غذای کافی نمی خورند.
حداقل ۲۰۰ میلیون دالر برای امدادرسانی به نیازمندان در زمستان لازم است.
حداقل ۲۰۰ میلیون دالر برای امدادرسانی به نیازمندان در زمستان لازم است.
اوضاع بشری افغانستان پس از خروج نیروهای بین المللی در ماه اگست و قدرت گرفتن طالبان بدتر شده است.
دیوید بیسلی، رئیس اجرایی این سازمان نیز قبلاً گفته بود: «شمار انسان هایی که به سوی قحطی می روند، به ۱۴ میلیون تن رسیده است.»
برنامه غذایی جهان انتظار دارد که برای امدادرسانی به نیازمندان در زمستان حداقل ۲۰۰ میلیون دالر در هفته های پیش رو در اختیار داشته باشد.
این سازمان گفته اگر حمایت مالی خارجی به افغانستان صورت نگیرد، ممکن است این کشور تا پایان اکتوبر با قلت شدید گندم و آرد روبرو شود.Despite near-unanimous global scientific and governmental consensus that global warming is accelerating due to human activity, debating this fact is still a favorite political pastime in the United States.
Governments around the world acknowledge the science that connects industrialization, increased greenhouse gas emissions, and their detrimental impact on the climate, and are currently acting upon solutions. Yet the US, one of the largest greenhouse gas producers, has repeatedly refused to participate in global climate reform. To further confound this reality, the November midterm elections placed ardent climate-change deniers in line for senior legislative environmental policy positions.
Meanwhile, the evidence continues to mount. An abundance of reports show that not only does climate change exist, but that it’s human-induced and will cause severe and non-reversible negative consequences for the planet. Most recently, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released its 2014 Climate Change Report, which states the observed changes in the climate are “unequivocal” and that carbon dioxide, methane and other greenhouse gas emissions have increased exponentially in the past 60 years. The majority of carbon emissions are absorbed into the ocean, causing rapid acidification which has already caused mass die-offs.
Despite having presented overwhelming evidence from over 130 countries that support this conclusion, IPCC reports continue to be attacked by US media outlets. In 2007, minor errors in the Climate Change Report were widely exploited to justify a denial of its
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8: Protest for women in Russia; and Dec 10 – Protest for women in Sudan. Visit: www.amnesty.hu or www.nane.huÜnlü beyzbol oyuncusu, Pete Rose, hiç tanışmamama rağmen bana hayatımı değiştirecek kadar değerli bir şey öğretti. Ty Cobb'un rekorunu kırmak üzere olduğu yıl Pete'le bir röportaj yapılmıştı. Gazeteci, "Pete, rekora ulaşmak için sadece 78 vuruşun var." gibi bir cümleyle sorularına başladı. "Sence 78 vuruş yapabilmek için kaç vuruş yapman gerekecek?" Pete gazetecinin yüzüne baktı ve hiç tereddüt bile etmeden, "78"diye yanıtladı. Gazeteci hayretler içinde, "Hadi, Pete. 78 atışta 78 vuruş kaydedeceğini bekliyor olamazsın." diye çığlık attı. Pete Rose ortaya attığı iddiaya yanıt vermesi gerektiğini düşünen gazeteciyle sakin sakin felsefesini paylaştı. "Her atışta vurmayı umarım ve hedeflerim. Eğer vurmayı ummuyorsam, yani hedeflemiyorsam, o zaman burayı boşu boşuna işgal etmemem gerekir!" "Eğer sadece vuracağımı umut ederek yükselirsem," diye devam etti, "o zaman belki de vurmak için duaya ihtiyacım olmayacak. Olumlu beklentim sayesinde bütün atışlarımı vurabileceğim." Pete Rose'un felsefesini ve bu felsefenin günlük yaşama nasıl uygulanabileceğini düşündüğümde biraz utanmıştım. Bir işadamı olarak, satışlarımın kontenjanların üstüne çıkmasını umut ediyordum. Bir baba olarak iyi bir baba olmayı umut ediyordum. Evli bir erkek olarak da iyi bir koca olmayı umut ediyordum. Uygun bir pazarlamacı, fena sayılmayan bir baba ve iyide bir koca olduğum gerçeğinden hareket edebiliriz. Aniden iyi olmanın yeterli olmadığına karar verdim. Mükemmel bir pazarlamacı, mükemmel bir baba ve mükemmel bir koca olmayı istedim. Olumlu beklentilerden birine yaklaşımımı değiştirdim ve mükemmel sonuçlara ulaştım. Birkaç iş seyahati kazanacak kadar şansım arttı. Oğlumun beyzbol liginde yılın antrenörü seçildim ve ömrümün bundan sonrasını da evli kalmayı hedeflediğim karım Helen'la sevgi dolu bir ilişki yürütüyorum. Teşekkürler, Bay Rose!Arıların bal yapmaya insanoğlu dünyada belirmeden çok önce başladıkları biliniyor. Arıcılığın tarihine bakıldığında, mağara hayatının yaşandığı on binlerce yıl öncesine kadar gitmekte olduğunu görüyoruz. Çok eski tarihlere ait arı fosilleri, benzeri tarihi bulgular ve mağara resimleri de bu görüşü doğrular nitelikte. İlk insanlar doğal olarak ağaç kovukları ve kaya oyuklarına yuvalanan oğulları öldürerek ballarından yararlanmışlardır.
Tarihi gelişim içinde taş devrinden itibaren; önce ağaç kütükleri sonra da toprak ve kilden yapılmış kaplar kovan olarak kullanılmış ve zamanla bugün kullanılan kovanlar geliştirilmiştir. Gerçek arıcılık, insanların ağaç kovukları içerisinde yuvalanan arıları öldürmeden bir miktar bal almaları ve bir miktar balı da arılara bırakmaları ile başlamıştır.
1600-1851 yılları arasında arıcılar, arıların yaşam çevrimini ve biyolojisini anlamaya başlamışlardır. Arıcılık tekniklerinin gelişmesi ile arıları kovanlarının içinde daha rahat izleme imkanı bulmuşlar ve arılar üzerindeki kontrollerini arttırmışlardır. Dikey kovanlar sayesinde arıcılar kıştan önce arıların bir kısmını öldürmeden kovandan bal almayı öğrenmişlerdir. 1851 yılında çıkartılabilir çerçeve kovanlar bulunmuş ve modern arıcılık bu buluştan sonra başlamıştır. Sonraki yarım yüzyılda olan gelişmeler önceki yüzyıllara kıyasla patlama niteliğinde olmuştur.
Ziraatın diğer alanlarıyla karşılaştırıldığında, arıcılığın dünyada belki de en yaygınlaşmış uygulama olduğunu söylemek mümkündür. Arıcılık faaliyetleri sonucunda balın yanı sıra, propolis, arı sütü, polen, arı zehri, balmumu ve arı ekmeği gibi çok değerli ürünler elde edilmektedir. Bu değerli ürünlerin yanında, arıcılık bitkisel tozlaşmaya sağladığı katkılardan dolayı da yaşam döngüsünde önemli bir role sahiptir.Preparazione: :
Immergere le barbabietole in abbondante acqua leggermente salata e lasciar cuocere per una quindicina di minuti.
Sbucciare le barbabietole con l'aiuto di un coltellino e tagliare a spicchi sottili oppure a cubetti abbastanza grossi e versarle in una ciotola.
Procedere alla preparazione del condimento.
Versare l’aceto, l’olio extravergine di oliva, un pizzico di sale, il pepe macinato fresco ed il senape e mettere su fuoco dolce.
Mescolare in continuazione fino ad ottenere una sala densa.
Versare i tre quarti della salsa sulle barbabietole, mescolare delicatamente cospargendo di prezzemolo sminuzzato e lasciar insaporire in frigorifero per cinque minuti.
Infine, sistemare la barbabietola alla francese in un vassoio da servizio irrorando con la salsina rimasta e servirla ben fresca.Uttrakhand, known for its Hindu pilgrimage sites, Rishikesh, Haridwar, and the famous Jim Corbet also. But Uttarakhand also has an unexplained and mysterious story. Roopkund lake, the lake of skeletons.
Roopkund is a high altitude glacial lake in the Village Wan, Debal, Chamoli district in the Uttarakhand state of India. It lies in the lap of Trishul peaks of Himalayas. Roopkund is a popular trekking spot and is also famous as the “ lake of skeletons!”
Between the many peaks of the Himalayas in the north of Uttarakhand Trishul have three peaks. These peaks are located on the borders of Garhwal in Chamoli district and Kumaon area of the Bageshwar district. And in the between these peaks, Roopkund lake is located.
Roop means ‘beautiful‘ and kund means ‘lake or pond’ It is not only beautiful but there is also a mysterious touch to this lake. Hence, called Roopkund as ‘Mystery Lake.’ With snow-draped mountains and glaciers, Roopkund is also a famous trekking destination.
Stories about Roopkund
Now talking about the mystery of this lake. The mystery is the skeletons found in and around the lake and one can actually see the human skeletons in the water and on the banks of the lake!
Drenched in the snow, Roopkund is found frozen most of the time. But when the snow melts, one can see the skeletons inside the water. And according to the scientific researches, the skeletal remains are of 9th century AD.
The scientists also performed some tests and the DNA tests on the skeletons revealed that they belong to different groups of people. The genetic compositions had a resemblance to Iranians and locals. There are many stories and some myths related to Roopkund. However, with the mysterious touch and stunningly beautiful landscapes around, Roopkund attracts many adventure enthusiasts.
But finally, in 2013 the Scientists concluded that the skeletons of about 200 people discovered near the frozen lake belonged to the people of a 9th-century Indian tribe who died due to the hail storm.
In 1942, the skeletons were found for the first time by a British forest guard. At that time, it was believed that the skeletons were those of Japanese soldiers who had died while crossing that route during World War II.
Roopkund Mystery Solved
But scientists have now found out that the skeletons were of pilgrims and locals as the skeletons dated to around 850 AD.
Research reveals that the skeletons were of two main groups – one a family group and the other who was relatively short.
The researchers concluded that death was due to a fatal blow on the back of their heads and not due to any wound by weapons, avalanche or landslide. There were marks on their skulls and shoulders indicating that they might have been hit by something round, like a cricket ball. As there were no injuries to other body parts so probably that hard round objects were possibly cricket ball sized hail stones or ice balls, fell from above.
So now Roopkund is developed as an ecotourism place and as of now only adventure enthusiasts or curious researchers are visiting this Mystery Lake in Uttarakhand.
Apart from the stories and mysteries, you can enjoy the serene environment, gigantic mountains, and Himalayan vegetation. Your journey to Roopkund with all the wonderful trekking tracks and nature will be an interesting one for sure.
How to Reach Roopkund
By Road –
There are many buses and shared jeeps are available to reach at Wan Village after the journey of at least 24 hours. It is about 530 km from Delhi via Haldwani, Almora and about 505kms from Delhi via Rishikesh, Karnaprayag.
And then the treking part of about 23 km to reach this Roopkund point.
When to Visit Roopkund
Monsoon is not advisable. There are flash floods and landslides during that time.
Best time – During the summer months; April, May, and June.Great Battles: The First Crusade
Lecture by Jessica Goldberg
Given on January 16, 2013 at the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology
From 1096 to 1101, over 100,000 people from all over Western Europe set off towards Jerusalem. These men and women, these warriors and pilgrims, priests and nuns, lords and laborers, didn’t have a name for what they were doing—no one would use the word Crusade to describe an armed pilgrimage, or holy military expedition, until more than another century had passed. Yet the battle that preceded their march, a battle along the way to Jerusalem, and still another after that city was conquered by a tiny remnant of the original force, combined to permanently reshape the nature (both spiritual and physical) of Catholic Europe. Dr. Jessica Goldberg, Assistant Professor, Medieval History, University of Pennsylvania, speaks at this “Great Battles: Moments in Time that Changed History” series lecture program.
Excerpt: Let’s begin inside the great walls of the Antioch. They don’t know exactly what the great walls of Antioch looked like. They were built by Justinian because Antioch was one of the great cities of the eastern military Christian world and the home of one of the four Patriarchs of the Christian church. But at this point inside the great walls, some fifteen thousand pilgrims from western Europe huddled, staved and terrified, awaiting their doom. In fact they we’re not waiting anymore, even though their leaders padlocked all the gates of the city. Still they fled they fled down storm and sewer drains. Even some of the notable the nobles and religious leadership of the crusade had tried to flee. Indeed the brother of the king of France Stephen of Blois had deserted the army the week before, exactly one day after the desperate group
had finally come together and elected him he sole military leader of the expedition. It really seemed like the final bitter and wretched end to an endlessly long and brutal march and an endless horrific siege.Altro che 20 mln, questo va via a zero.
Scambio con Rabiot Tanto vanno tutti e due in scadenza...Sarebbe un affare intelligente da parte di entrambe le società.
GALLIANI VATTENE
Non penso che il PSG faccia uno sgarbo al Milan.
I rapporti tra le due società sono ottimi e il Milan quando era su Rabiot aveva chiesto il permesso al PSG per trattare col giocatore (al contrario di quanto hanno fatto altri).
Nell'eventualità, De Jong potrebbe andare al PSG a parametro zero e il club francese potrebbe cedere in prestito un giocatore al Milan o fare un prezzo di favore.
Nel rinnovo di De Jong non c'è una resistenza da parte del Milan, semmai i dubbi ce li può avere il giocatore.
De Jong ha 30 anni e potrebbe desiderare di vincere la Champions. Qui da noi quante possibilità ha di vincerla? E quante ne avrebbe al PSG? O al Manchester United, altro club interessato a lui?
Dobbiamo rinnovargli presto io contratto non aspettare gennaio o ancora peggio Maggio.
Rabiot è sfumato.
Va quasi sicuramente alla Juve, al massimo si riesce a inserire la Roma (piuttosto improbabile).
Possibilità più concrete per Lavezzi o Pastore che nel 2015 avranno un solo anno di contratto e saranno disponibili a prezzo di saldo.
Powered by vBulletin® • Copyright © 2012, Jelsoft Enterprises Ltd.آمریکا اعلام کرده است که دور تازه مذاکرات با ایران علاوه بر مسئله هسته ای، برنامه موشک های بالستیک این کشور را نیز مورد بررسی قرار می گیرد.
این گفته آمریکا در حالی مطرح شده است که مقامات ایرانی بارها تاکید کرده اند که مذاکرات این کشور با قدرت های بزرگ جهان فقط برنامه هسته ای را در بر می گیرد و هیچ موضوع دیگری از جمله توان نظامی ایران در این مذاکرات مطرح نخواهد شد.
جی کارنی سخنگوی کاخ سفید با دفاع آغاز دور تازه مذاکرات ایران با کشورهای ۵+۱ در روز سه شنبه ۱۸ فوریه تاکید کرده است که موضوع برنامه موشک های بالستیک ایران هم در این دور از گفتگو ها مطرح خواهد شد.
جی کارنی گفت: «بر اساس برنامه اقدام مشترک که ایران آن را پذیرفته است، پیش از آن که توافق جامعی به دست بیاید، ایران موظف است که به قطعنامه های شورای امنیت سازمان ملل متحد هم بپردازد.»
به گفته وی قطعنامه ۱۹۲۹ شورای امنیت که در سال ۲۰۱۰ میلادی علیه ایران وضع شد، خواهان توقف فعالیت های موشک بالستیک ایران شده است که قابلیت حمل کلاهک های هسته ای دارد و رسیدگی ایران به این مسئله از مواردی است که صراحتا بر اساس برنامه اقدام مشترک، بخشی از مذاکرات جاری برای رسیدن به توافق جامع بر سر آینده برنامه هسته ای ایران است.
این در حالی است که محمد جواد ظریف، وزیر امور خارجه ایران، پیشتر گفته بود که برنامه نظامی ایران در مذاکرات هستهای مطرح نخواهد شد، زیرا برنامه هستهای کشورش هیچ ارتباطی به موضوعات نظامی ندارد.
این گفته های مقامات آمریکایی اولین بار نیست که مطرح شده است، به طوری که پیش از این وندی شرمن معاون وزیر امور خارجه آمریکا پیش از این خواستار ورود موضوع موشک های بالستیک ایران در توافق نهایی مذاکرات با ایران شده بود.
همچنین برنادت میهمان، سخنگوی شورای امنیت ملی آمریکا نیز با تاکید بر اینکه ایران باید به قطعنامه های شورای امنیت متعهد باشد، اعلام کرده بود قطعنامه ۱۹۲۹ شورای امنیت سازمان ملل همه فعالیتهای مربوط به موشکهای بالستیک را که توانایی پرتاب تسلیحات هستهای را دارند از جمله پرتاب این موشکها را منع میکند. بنابراین در جریان مذاکرات جامع، باید به این مسئله پرداخت.
دور تازه مذاکرات ایران و کشورهای گروه ۱+۵ برای دست یافتن به راه حل جامع و نهایی در مورد اختلافات بر سر برنامه اتمی ایران در مقر سازمان ملل در وین، پایتخت اتریش امروز سه شنبه ۱۸ فوریه (۲۹ بهمن) آغاز شده است.
با آغاز مذاکرات خبری در روز سه شنبه ۱۸ فوریه در رسانه های داخلی منتشر شد که در این خبر مرضیه سخنگوی وزارت خارجه ایران تاکید کرده است که مذاکرات وین فقط در زمینه هسته ای است و موضوعات دیگر از جمله موضوعات نظامی ایران در این مذاکرات جایگاهی ندارد.
این مذاکرات در حالی آغاز شده است که وزارت امور خارجه آمریکا در آستانه برگزاری دور تازه مذاکرات ایران و گروه ۱+۵ بر پیچیدگی و طولانی بودن مذاکرات با ایران تاکید کرده بود و از سوی دیگر آیت الله علی خامنهای، رهبر ایران، یک روز قبل از آغاز دور تازه مذاکرات هستهای نسبت به نتیجه مذاکرات ابراز بدبینی کرد و گفت: «در سخنرانی اول سال هم گفتم که من به مذاکره خوشبین نیستم و به جایی نمی رسد، ولی مخالفتی هم ندارم.»
همچنین محمد علی جعفری فرمانده سپاه ایران نیز اعلام کرده که نسبت به روند ممذاکرات ابراز بدبینی کرده و گفت: «درباره این مذاکرات واقعا نمی دانم چه می شود، نمی توان به آمریکا خوش بین بود، به نظر می آید ما در مذاکرات به مشکل می خوریم، البته امیدوارم که اینطور نباشد.»The DICT Development Group
4 definitions found
From The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48 :
Werewolf \Were"wolf`\, n.; pl. Werewolves. [AS. werwulf; wer a
man + wulf a wolf; cf. G. w[aum]rwolf, w[aum]hrwolf,
wehrwolf, a werewolf, MHG. werwolf. [root]285. See Were
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the pass before a violation is called and the ball is turned over to the opponent. If the players rush through the play, they’ll end up colliding and nullifying the effect of the screens.The term Blood Moon once was used in some sects of Christian prophecy to describe a total lunar eclipse that belonged to a tetrad of total lunar eclipses. The most recent Blood Moon – at least by this definition – took place on September 28, 2015. The next one won’t come until April 25, 2032.
Around the year 2013, when the expression Blood Moon first gained widespread popularity, a Blood Moon didn’t refer to just any total lunar eclipse, but to a member of a special series: four totally eclipsed moons in a row, each separated by six lunar months, with no partial lunar eclipses in between. Such a series is called a lunar tetrad. Two Christian pastors popularized the term Blood Moon in their book, in which they discussed the upcoming lunar tetrad (April 14 and October 8, 2014; April 8 and September 28, 2015) in apocalyptic terms.
The four lunar eclipses came and went, and, although the world didn’t end, we gained another dubious meme: Blood Moon.
It’s not that the words “blood” and “moon” never appeared together in the same sentence before 2013, especially as regards eclipses. A full moon nearly always appears coppery red during a total lunar eclipse. That’s because the dispersed light from all the Earth’s sunrises and sunsets falls on the face of the moon at mid-eclipse. For some decades at least, it’s been common for astronomy writers like us to describe an eclipsed moon as blood red. You just didn’t, until recently, hear the same eclipsed moon called a Blood Moon.
And there’s another kind of Blood Moon in astronomy, unrelated to eclipses. In folklore, all the full moons have names. The names typically coincide with months of the year, or seasons. One of the most famous moon names is the Hunter’s Moon. It’s the full moon immediately following the Harvest Moon, which is the full moon occurring most closely to the autumnal equinox.
The Hunter’s Moon, in skylore, is also sometimes called the Blood Moon. Why? Probably because it’s a characteristic of these autumn full moons that they appear nearly full – and rise soon after sunset – for several evenings in a row. Many people see them when they are low in the sky, shortly after they’ve risen, at which time there’s more atmosphere between you and the moon than when the moon is overhead. When you see the moon low in the sky, the extra air between you and the moon makes the moon look reddish. Voila. Blood Moon.
Still, the term Blood Moon in regard to total lunar eclipses might have been given new meaning by the Christian pastor John Hagee, who wrote a 2013 book about Blood Moons.
What is a lunar tetrad? The word tetrad refers to four things in a group. In astronomy, the word is used to describe four successive total lunar eclipses, with no partial lunar eclipses in between, each of which is separated from the other by six lunar months (six full moons).
Nowadays, each of these four-in-a-row totally eclipsed moons has come to be called a Blood Moon. Why? We don’t know for sure, but the answer may lie in the book pictured above.
We’re not experts on prophecy of any kind. But we’ll tell you what we know about the modern definition for Blood Moon that raised many questions over years.
From what we’ve been able to gather, two Christian pastors, Mark Blitz and John Hagee, used the term Blood Moon to apply to the full moons of the 2014-2015 tetrad. John Hagee appears to have popularized the term in his 2013 book Four Blood Moons: Something is About to Change.
Mark Blitz and John Hagee spoke of the 2014-2015 lunar tetrad as representing a fulfillment of Biblical prophecy. After all, the moon is supposed to turn blood red before the end times, isn’t it? As described in Joel 2:31 (Common English Bible):
The sun will be turned to darkness, and the moon to blood before the great and dreadful day of the LORD comes.
That description, by the way, sounds like two different astronomical events: a total solar eclipse and total lunar eclipse. Sun turned to darkness = moon directly between the Earth and sun in a total solar eclipse. Moon turned to blood = Earth directly between the sun and moon, Earth’s shadow falling on the moon in a total lunar eclipse. Solar and lunar eclipses are very ordinary and frequent happenings that have occurred many times in our lifetimes. In fact, every year, there are four to seven eclipses, some lunar, some solar, some total, some partial.
The last lunar tetrad took place over the years 2014 and 2015. The first Blood Moon eclipse in the series of four happened on the night of April 14-15, 2014. The second one took place October 7-8, 2014, and the third one (the shortest total lunar eclipse of the 21st century) was April 4, 2015.
The fourth and final total lunar eclipse of the 2014-2015 tetrad – the last Blood Moon – fell on the night of September 27-28. It was also a supermoon. The eclipse was visible to sky watchers in North America, and the partial phases were seen from various places around the world. Many saw it!
When is the next lunar tetrad? There are a total of 8 tetrads in the 21st century (2001 to 2100). The next four total lunar eclipses in a row (spaced six lunar months apart, with no partial lunar eclipses in between) will take place in 2032 and 2033. Click here to learn more about lunar tetrads in this century, courtesy of Fred Espenak.
How common is a tetrad of total lunar eclipses? Depending upon the century in which you live, a lunar tetrad (four consecutive total lunar eclipses) may happen fairly frequently – or not at all.
For instance, in our 21st century (2001-2100), there are a total of eight tetrads, but in the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries, there were none at all. If we include all the centuries from the 1st century (A.D. 1-100) through the 21st century (2001-2100), inclusive, there are a total of 62 tetrads. The last one happened in 2014-2015, and the next one will happen in 2032-2033.
The 2014-2015 tetrad fell on the Jewish feasts of Passover and Tabernacles. That happens a total of eight times in these 21 centuries:
1. 162-163 C.E. (Common Era)
2. 795-796 C.E.
3. 842-843 C.E.
4. 860-861 C.E.
5. 1493-1494 C.E.
6. 1949-1950 C.E.
7. 1967-1968 C.E.
8. 2014-2015 C.E.
Bottom line: The term Blood Moon in Biblical prophecy appears to have been popularized by two Christian pastors, Mark Blitz and John Hagee. They used the term to apply to the full moons of the 2014-2015 lunar tetrad – four successive total lunar eclipses, each separated by six lunar months, with no partial lunar eclipses in between. Nowadays, it seems, the term Blood Moon is being used for any and all total lunar eclipses.
Bruce McClure has served as lead writer for EarthSky's popular Tonight pages since 2004. He's a sundial aficionado, whose love for the heavens has taken him to Lake Titicaca in Bolivia and sailing in the North Atlantic, where he earned his celestial navigation certificate through the School of Ocean Sailing and Navigation. He also writes and hosts public astronomy programs and planetarium programs in and around his home in upstate New York.به گزارش مهر، دکتر مهرزاد لطفی در سیصد و سی و ششمین جلسه روزانه ستاد مدیریت کرونای علوم پزشکی شیراز که با حضور مسئولانی از وزارت بهداشت برگزار شد، ضمن تبریک اعیاد پیش رو و دهه امامت و ولایت، با اشاره به برگزاری ۳۶۵ نشست ستاد مدیریت کرونا دانشگاه در روزها و ماههای گذشته و ارائه گزارشی از اقدامات انجام شده از سوی کارگروههای مختلف این ستاد، نخستین اولویت و دغدغه تمام مجموعه سلامت فارس را خدمت رسانی به بیماران و مراجعان و نجات جان انسانها برشمرد.
این مقام بهداشتی درمانی در فارس گفت: با تلاشهای انجام شده، به ویژه در زمینه مقابله با ویروس کرونا، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات بهداشتی درمانی شیراز همواره از میانگین کشوری بالاتر بوده است.
او با معرفی کارگروههای مختلف ستاد دانشگاهی مدیریت کرونا و سامانههای ایجاد شده در دانشگاه برای تسهیل روند خدمت رسانی به مردم، از تصویب دو هزار و ۷۲ مصوبه در ۳۶۵ نشست برگزار شده تا امروز در این ستاد خبر داد که بیشتر این مصوبات مربوط به حوزه بهداشت و معاونت بهداشت دانشگاه بوده است.
لطفی با بیان اینکه استان فارس و شهر شیراز در گذرگاه هشت استان جنوبی قرار گرفته و مراجعات بسیاری از استانهای همجوار به فارس برای دریافت خدمات درمانی وجود دارد، خدمت به مردم و بیماران از سراسر کشور را افتخاری برای تمام مجموعه دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شیراز برشمرد.
رئیس دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شیراز با بیان اینکه حدود ۱۲.۵ درصد جمعیت فارس در برابر کرونا واکسینه شدهاند، گفت: آموزشهای لازم به تمام عوامل اجرایی برنامه واکسیناسیون ارائه شده است و در صورت تأمین واکسن موردنیاز در استان، روند واکسیناسیون عمومی کرونا با سرعت ادامه مییابد
دکتر لطفی همچنین از آماده شدن بیمارستان پشتیبان شماره ۲ شیراز برای پذیرش بیماران مبتلا به کرونا خبر داد و افزود: با توجه به افزایش مراجعه به مراکز درمانی و مراکز ۱۶ ساعته استان، چنانچه دستورالعملهای بهداشتی به درستی رعایت نشود، شاهد وضعیت سختی در روزهای آینده هستیم.
منبع: مهر نیوزPrivacy vs. SecurityDo today's models work with the Internet of Things and its cousin, big data? By: Brian Dean
Rarely can consumers or even security professionals properly articulate the differences between privacy and security. This article will define each, but more importantly, it will provide a rationale for building both into emerging technologies. This is a business imperative as the burgeoning "Internet of Things" reaches 50 billion data collection points in the next few years. (1)
Privacy is often defined as having the ability to protect sensitive information about personally identifiable information, while protection is really a security component. Others define it as the right to be left alone. Still, this doesn't cover today's privacy in a data-centric world, hence the confusion. In the industry, privacy really focuses on the following concepts:
- What data should be collected?
- What are the permissible uses?
- With whom might it be shared?
- How long should the data be retained?
- What granular access control model is appropriate?
We typically define security as the protection against unauthorized access, with some including explicit mention of integrity and availability. Security controls are put in place to control who can access the information, while privacy is more granular, controlling what and when they can access specific data. For example, if you bank with a national financial institution, all of the tellers in the country may be provisioned (i.e., granted security access) to access your account detail. This provides the flexibility for you, the customer, to visit a branch in your hometown, a branch on the west coast during a business trip or a Florida branch when vacationing. But privacy is another layer. While the teller may be provisioned to view all customers' account detail, privacy only allows access when a business need exists; such as a customer walking into a branch in another city to access their accounts. But privacy disallows that same teller viewing their neighbors account balance or perhaps the balance of a famous person, just because they are interested – despite their access privileges granting them access.
So the business application of the terms privacy and security are very different, with significant overlap. The old adage reads, "You can't have privacy without security, but you can have security without privacy." Let's exam why this might be true, but first address the amount of data being compiled, the improved abilities to leverage that data for business decisions, and new internet-enabled devices that are collecting the data – often without consumers' knowledge.
Even Innocuous Data Collection Creates Vulnerabilities
Today we are collecting data at an unprecedented rate. The volume, velocity, and variety of data being gathered through the internet and other technologies is estimated to be over 2.5 quintillion bytes of data a day – that's 2.5 followed by a staggering 18 zeros! (2) IoT privacy and security concerns start with the new and creative modes of data collection. The IoT, from smart watches to interconnected home security devices, offers innovative channels for data collection that were until recently imperceptible.
Existing privacy and security notions may be inadequate for the ubiquity and invisibility of data collection technologies. For example, the same data many fitness wearable devices collect and use to help consumers monitor their heart rate and track of their daily exercise routine could also be aggregated, correlated, shared, and retained to build a very intimate picture of individual's daily health habits, vulnerable to misuse. Tracking a workout program may be helpful in improving your health, but your life insurance companies might find this information useful when underwriting a term life policy.
However, too often privacy and device security are afterthoughts, as they increase development costs, lengthen testing, and slow speed to market. For example, recently exploited DVD and digital video recording devices enabled attackers to turn practically an entire company's product line into a botnet attacking United States based companies' internet infrastructure. (3) For this particular example, the devices had the password hardcoded into the firmware, so the passwords were publicly documented and could not be changed. This lax security could enable someone to breach privacy, by using a default password to gain access to the video camera remotely. Engineering security controls into the devices, sometimes called Security by Design, would have better secured these devices, the data they collect, and consumers. The capturing and sharing of all of this information, often monetized by businesses, is a threat to privacy; albeit often lucrative for business and bad threat actors.
The policy landscape remains fragmented as regulators grapple with the ubiquitous nature of the IoT, the promise of convenience, and lucrative business model; all through the lens of consumer indifference. Without client demand for privacy and security, businesses have little incentive for building these into their products.
Who is Responsible for Protecting Personal Data?
So what does this mean for U.S. consumers, businesses, and legislatures? While the political landscape is undergoing an evolution of sorts, political action committees and deep pocket businesses will likely continue to discourage new U.S. privacy legislation, but security legislation will gain traction over the next several years. The E.U. along with other countries will continue to evolve their consumer protection, including comprehensive privacy and security legislation.
U.S. consumers will need to be more diligent in protecting themselves. While we know few read the terms and conditions when it comes to apps and websites, to protect their own privacy, consumers might need to be more discerning about who they grant access to their information. Consider security implications and data encryption options when making purchases that store personal data. Businesses can elect to adopt privacy by design (e.g., capture less data) and security by design methodologies (e.g., use strong passwords that must be changed by the consumer), not because it's lucrative or required by statute, but because it proactively helps protect consumers. Perhaps this will be seen as a compelling market differentiator, but until such time, expect the proliferation of IoT and big data to continue unabated. Data stores will grow exponentially as will the sophisticated data correlation algorithms.
As IoT interconnectivity and our reliance on derived data increase, hopefully to will our sophistication to properly collect, use and protect the data. Otherwise, expect businesses to find new lucrative ways to monetize the data and threat actors to find new ways to exploit vulnerabilities to harvest huge data stores. Privacy and security must work in tandem to protect big data, because once the Genie is out of the bottle, it may be impossible to put back.
The Internet of Things – Sizing up the Opportunity, McKinsey and Company, http://www.mckinsey.com/industries/high-tech/our-insights/the-internet-of-things-sizing-up-the-opportunity
Hacked Cameras, DVRs Powered Today's Massive Internet Outage (10-16-16). Retrieved from https://krebsonsecurity.com/2016/10/hacked-cameras-dvrs-powered-todays-massive-internet-outage/ACT考试考察的词汇量大概是多少
作者: 岱恩小编 2023.03.15 16:21
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ACT考试并没有具体的词汇量要求，但是在英语部分中会涉及到一定的词汇量和语言应用能力。
根据ACT官方的介绍，英语部分主要测试考生的阅读理解、语法和写作能力，其中阅读理解部分会涉及到各种不同类型的文章，包括自然科学、社会科学、文学、艺术等领域的文章。这些文章可能会包含一些学术性的术语和专业词汇，但是在考试中并不需要具备非常深入的知识。
因此，考生需要掌握基础的英语单词和语言应用能力，并且能够理解和运用一些常见的词汇和短语。同时，阅读大量的英文材料
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wore tiered, bell-shaped skirts and fitted short-sleeved tops that exposed the breasts. Minoans seemed to idealize tiny waists, and both men and women wore tightly fitted belts, or girdles, that cinched their waists down to a fashionably small size.
When the Minoan culture disappeared in about 1600 B.C.E. , for reasons archeologists still have yet to discover, the Mycenaean culture began to flourish on mainland Greece and invaded Crete, where they encountered the Minoans. The remains of Minoan culture influenced the Mycenaeans who adopted many of their clothing styles. Women's clothing is especially difficult to distinguish from Minoan clothing. Women wore the same long skirts and short-sleeved tops; however, paintings indicate that Mycenaean women did occasionally cover their breasts with a bib or blouse. Mycenaean men appear to have worn loin coverings similar to the Minoans, but more frequently they seem to have worn short-sleeved tunics with a belted waist. The true distinguishing costumes of the Mycenaeans were their armor. Evidence indicates that Mycenaeans were warlike peoples. For battle Mycenaean soldiers wore protective clothing that wrapped the body from neck to thigh in bronze plates, bronze leg guards, and helmets constructed of boar's tusks.
As the Mycenaean culture began to suffer from famines and other environmental catastrophes around 1200 B.C.E. , another culture began to flourish. The Dorians, ancient Greeks, became dominant and conquered the struggling Mycenaeans. Although no evidence about what Greeks wore has been discovered for life between the twelfth and the eighth centuries B.C.E. , by the eighth century art was again being produced and paintings of Greek clothing styles appeared. As one can see in many examples from Greek art, the ancient Greeks had a great appreciation for the beauty of the naked body. Early Greek society did not forbid public nakedness, at least for men. Men always went naked when exercising or competing in athletic games, and both men and women bathed naked in public baths, though not together. Women were required to keep their bodies covered when they were with men.
By the seventh century B.C.E. Greek society was dominated by a wealthy class who wore luxurious woven clothes and decorative jewelry. From this time until the invasion of and defeat by the Romans in 146 B.C.E. , Greeks developed several different styles of clothes. In general, Greeks did not cut and sew their clothes until the fourth century B.C.E. Instead they draped finely woven cloth over and around their bodies to create distinct styles of dress and protective wraps. The wealthiest Greeks could afford fine wool and finely woven linen, which at its most expensive was an almost transparent, soft cloth. Others used cloth woven from the flax plant soaked in olive oil, and peasants used textiles made of coarse wool. The most distinctive Greek garment is the chiton, or tunic. Two different styles of chiton were developed: the Ionic chiton and the Doric chiton, with variations, usually of length, to distinguish styles for men and women. The fabric of chitons was crinkled, or pleated, to enhance the fullness of the drape of the garment. Over the chiton, Greeks kept themselves warm with a variety of wraps, including the himation, chlamys, chlaina, and diplax. Although these draped fashions continued to be popular, by the fourth century B.C.E. both women and men began wearing sewn tunics with a U or V neckline. Writings from this time discuss a variety of specific styles for these sewn tunics and archeologists uncovered a variety of tunic styles in a temple in Attica, a state of Greece that formed the territory of Athens, the Greek cultural center.
Because much of our knowledge of Greek fashions comes from the marble sculptures they left behind, many people once thought that most Greeks wore only white clothes. However, experts now know that even the pale marble of the statues was once covered with bright paint that wore off over the centuries. Greeks, in fact, loved color and many dyed their clothes. Wealthy aristocrats wore purple clothes dyed from a species of shellfish or pure white linen robes. Yellow clothes were worn mostly by women. Black clothes were worn by those mourning the death of a loved one. Peasants dyed their clothing a variety of greens, browns, and grays. Soldiers wore dark red garments to minimize the appearance of blood on the battlefield.
In addition to dyeing, decorative designs were also painted, embroidered, or woven onto garments in many colors. Garments were also adorned with patterns of geometric shapes or trimmed with colorful border designs.
Batterberry, Michael, and Ariane Batterberry. Fashion: The Mirror of History. New York: Greenwich House, 1982.
Norris, Herbert. Costume and Fashion: The Evolution of European Dress Through the Earlier Ages. London, England: J. M. Dent and Sons, 1924. Reprint, New York: E. P. Dutton, 1931.
Payne, Blanche, Geitel Winakor, and Jane Farrell-Beck. The History of Costume: From Ancient Mesopotamia Through the Twentieth Century. 2nd ed. New York: HarperCollins, 1992.
Symons, David J. Costume of Ancient Greece. New York: Chelsea House, 1987.信息摘要：
通常情况下高压风机运转时，马达所消耗的电流会随压力及真空度而增加，如电流过大会导致接触器跳脱，为阻止跳脱或省电，我们都需要尽可能增加出…
通常情况下高压风机运转时，马达所消耗的电流会随压力及真空度而增加，如电流过大会导致接触器跳脱，为阻止跳脱或省电，我们都需要尽可能增加出风口之截面积，或在吸气或排气侧装置风压风量调节阀。
关于高压风机的使用一般体现在以下几个方面：
一、送风用高压风机：入口应加装适当之过滤器
1、 出气孔之总截面积应大于风机出口截面积之1/2。
2、 如用于水中送气,其水深压力应在型号目录上所标示的大静压值之70%以下。
3、于加压送气时,出口温度因空气摩擦的关系大于常温10摄氏度属正常,故应使用铁管1M以上。
二、吸风用高压风机：出口处可加装消音器
吸入孔之总截面积应大于鼓风机入口截面积之1/2。
三、过滤器简易清理方法:
将过滤器自转接头旋开用空气喷枪或刷子将滤网上之污垢或灰尘刷掉,清洁后将之旋回后可使用。
昆山佰斯拓
是一家苏州工业风机厂家，我们主要生产的风机有高压离心风机
、中压离心风机、低压离心风机等。就在这时，远方响起两声嘹亮的冲锋号角，随着两个大范围的火系魔法在己方阵营中爆炸，上万约翰王国的骑兵迅风般地向这边冲杀而来。估计用不了多久便能与眼前这些锡云成的守军汇合。
起初唐格拉尔为了分化对方的实力，用计将加尔·福特身边的兵将分割包围起来，可是这样一来，也同时打乱了己方的阵形。此时，在没有严整队形的情势下，虽然盖亚军在数量上仍然占据着极大的优势，但仍然无法抵挡住对方那阵形整齐，士气高昂的一万铁骑！
‘怎么可能？竟然来得如此之快！’唐格拉尔心下惊叹道，‘难道对方的阵营中竟然隐匿着高阶魔法剑士？’
唐格拉尔猜得没错，这一万骑兵之所以能够如此迅速地赶到此处，主要原因就是有我这个“魔法剑士”的存在。因为在这种平原上的冲锋战中，一个能够施展大范围攻击魔法的高阶魔法剑士对整个骑兵队伍有着不可估量的辅助作用。
在近距离两军即将交锋之际，假若一方突然毫无征兆地向对方的阵营中施展一个大范围攻击魔法的话，往往会把对方打个措手不及，而阵形大乱，而己方的骑兵正可利用这个时机彻底冲散对方的阵形而给予对方以致命的打击！即使对方有魔法师的话也无法及时施展出相应的防御魔法。
更何况，在这种纯平原式的战役中，没有人会把高阶魔法师配备在部队的前方，更不可能配备在骑兵队中！因为魔法师近身搏斗的能力是很弱的，尤其在这种混战中，他们极有可能成为对方弓箭手和骑兵率先击杀的目标！
而魔法剑士却弥补了这个不足！他们有着很强的近身搏杀能力和魔法素质，在冲锋战中不至于像一般魔法师那样被对方的骑兵和弓箭手率先解决掉。但是，低阶的魔法剑士虽然有着较强的剑技，但仍然无法施展大范围的攻击魔法，对骑兵所起到的辅助效果也是十分有限的！所以，为数极少的高阶魔法剑士便成了各国势力争先拉拢的目标。因为他们不但具备高超的近战能力，令那些企图狙杀他们的骑兵和弓箭手望而却步，而且还能使用一些大范围的远程攻击魔法，虽然对高手级的将领造成不了什么实质性的打击，却能够给大多数的普通士兵带来不小的杀伤力和极大的混乱。
在单打独斗的时候，一个高阶魔法剑士或许不是一个剑圣的对手，但在万人级的战场上，一个高阶魔法剑士所能起到的作用却绝对要高过几个剑圣！虽然高阶的剑法也有着以少打多的能力，但说到底，剑法所注重的还是“点”的攻击，在杀伤范围上，仍然无法和魔法相比！
注视着敌方逐渐逼近的援军，唐格拉尔猛然想起了此次作战的“真正目的”。‘不能再耽搁下去了。’他心里想道，双腿一夹马腹，冲入了战团。
徐风正自和对方的一名将领苦战，突然发觉自己右方劲风四溢，只见唐格拉尔正手持巨剑，直上直下的向自己劈了下来，剑未及体，所激起的劲风便将自己逼得无法呼吸！瞧这一剑的威势，仿佛对方要将自己连人带马劈作两半！
他奋力将对手的长枪荡开，然后力贯于臂，双手举剑向唐格拉尔的巨剑迎了上去。
“哐～～”劲气四溢！徐风险些连人带剑被劈下马去，虽然勉强挡住了对方的直劈，却连吐了三口鲜血，双臂更是被震得失去了知觉。
好强猛的一剑！然而，对手却没有给他用来惊叹的时间，一柄长枪已经趁他没有回过气的时候刺入了他的胸口。
“徐风！”蓝京惊呼一声，试图过来营救，却被两名对手缠住，无法脱身。
“蓝京，好好照顾丽丝，一定要给她幸福。”徐风猛然握住了对方的枪杆，奋力拉向自己胸口。
“噗！”鲜血迸出。他竟然拽住对方的长枪将自己刺个对穿，长枪的一半从自己的后背透了出去，而对手也因此被他拉了过来，两人相距不到一米！就在对方惊叹错愕的时候，徐风的长剑已然刺入了他的心脏！
“别了，丽丝，别了，我的好兄弟――蓝京。”看着敌将已然被自己杀死，徐风阖上了双目。两人的尸首一起从马上滚了下来。
‘真是一条硬汉！’虽然是敌将，但唐格拉尔还是肃然起敬。
“不！”蓝京再次悲呼一声，这一声包含了悲伤，惋惜，愤怒，还有刻骨的仇恨！他一声大喝，瞬间爆出了纯紫色的斗气，杀招尽出，如同拼命一般向围攻他的两名对手攻去。他竟然已经达到了黄金骑士中阶的层次！
由于实力上相差了整整一个级别，再加上蓝京盛怒之下招招拼命，两名白银骑士竟然被他逼得难以招架！
突然，蓝京长枪疾抖，幻化出几十道劲气，向两名敌将齐攻而至，而他则趁着对方疲于应付之际飞离马背，越过两人头顶，向他们身后不远处的唐格拉尔飞了过去。就在对方认为他已经飞出战圈的时候，他竟然在半空中毫无借力的情况下连人带枪以不可思议的角度倒卷而回！
“噗！”他的枪尖准确无误的一名敌将的后心，然后接着下落之势将对方挑离了马背，自己则顺势骑在了对方的马上！好一记连环招，真可称得上是“神出鬼没”，将枪法的精髓发挥得淋漓尽致！
“小子休得张狂，待本帅来会你！”就在蓝京准备“再接再厉”解决另外一名敌将的时候，立夫·唐格拉尔大喝一声，策马冲到他的跟前。虽然对蓝京的身手极为欣赏，但连失两名得力干将之后，唐格拉尔也不由得恼怒万分，况且此行的目的也迫使他必须痛下杀手！
蓝京等的就是这一刻，若非此人，自己的好友怎会惨烈战死？正是仇人见面，分外眼红，即使将眼前之人大解八块也无法解去自己的心头之恨！
由于两人都是欲杀对方而后快，所以都各展所长，一接手便是追魂夺命的杀招。立夫·唐格拉尔不愧为军中仅次于格林维尔的猛将，刚一交手便展现出了惊人的实力。他的斗气已经接近了深紫色，显然已经达到了上阶黄金骑士的级别，而他的剑招虽然虽然以刚猛为主，处处大开大阖，犹如万马奔腾，却又严谨异常，几乎毫无破绽可言。再加上他那不弱于兽人族的天生神力，使得蓝京的许多妙招都无法发挥出应有的威力，没多久便被唐格拉尔逼得渐入下风！
蓝京越战越惊，开始他见唐格拉尔使用一把巨型长剑，以为他是个纯“力量型”的猛将，只要自己尽展妙招，定然能够找出他的破绽，将其一举击杀。却没想到对方的剑术竟然也如此高明，自己出尽全力竟然还是被他压得处处受制。如此一来，落败是迟早的事！
“哐～”两人的武器再次交击在一起，而这次并没有像以往那般马上分离，因为唐格拉尔的剑上竟然传来一股怪力，将蓝京的骑士枪牢牢粘住！就在蓝京稍微愣神之际，镶嵌在唐格拉尔剑柄
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still are wise Chinese – might smile at such barbarous exhibitions. He may find ridiculous and even brutal the almost religious fervor with which the masses acclaim such achievements. But there is no doubt about what the masses applaud in the record-smashing. It is the victory of dynamics, in which they rejoice as in their own victory. It is the motorized mechanical motion, the conquest of the resisting elements, that elevate their emotions and arouse their enthusiasm. The applause accompanying every new record is applause for the breaking of resistance; it heralds the victory that the machine has won over elemental nature. But to understand the enthusiasm which the masses feel for technology, we must recognize that the formation of masses and technical progress go hand in hand. The enthusiasm itself is already a symptom of this. Technical progress is strongest where the formation of masses is most advanced and vice versa. To ask, however, whether the formation of masses was the consequence of technical progress, that is, of the planned direction of man and his work, or whether technical progress was produced by the formation of masses, would be as futile as to query whether the hen was first, or the egg. We must guard against the oversimplification of looking everywhere for causes and effects, against the type of reasoning which is satisfied once it has established a mechanical casual relation between things. Science especially has become guilty of these oversimplified forms of thought,
forms which are insufficient to explain the relation ships which here concern us. The procedure and the method we require are neither scientific nor technical. We must never forget that there are thought forms of a different order. Only by thinking in terms of correlations and reciprocities instead of causes and effects can we approach the phenomenon of simultaneity, a phenomenon which, defying all attempts at casual explanation, still deserves our attention. Technical progress and the formation of masses are simultaneous; they are most closely coordinated. They are in fact inseparable. Far from resisting the struggle for technical perfection, the masses, on the contrary, further this drive. They welcome it; they fit themselves obediently into the automatism of technical operations. The mass is the most useful, the most pliant material of the technician. Without the mass the technician could not carry out his plans. Masses come nearest to the technician's ideal of human material, the more mechanically mobile they become and the easier they can be organized. At all times the habitat of the masses has been in the large cities. Only there do the conditions prevail which favor mass formation, even though mass thinking may reach far out into the countryside. Characteristic of the formation of masses is that it proceeds artificially, that is, by an influx from without. Another characteristic is that both the rise and the fall of masses are fomented by conditions beyond their control. Masses, in other words, can neither sustain themselves nor can they replace genetic losses by their own vitality; generally speaking their vitality-consumption increases in proportion to their numerical growth. With "mass" we associate ideas of weight, pressure, and inertness. These associations are meaningful, but we must not overlook the fact that nevertheless it is precisely fluctuating motion which characterizes progressive mass formation. The mechanical, automatic trend of mass mobility is evident especially in our large cities. The increasing dependence of the masses upon rational organizations that administer and manage the mass man in all his functions is expressed in this mass mobility. Thus, the mechanization of traffic, controlled by the technician, compels man also to move mechanically, and to adapt himself to the automatism of traffic
regulations. For "roaming through the gloaming," the city proffers neither space nor opportunity; it confines even the freedom of motion itself. We should have an excellent picture of what is going on if we were to think of the streets as conveyor belts that transport men mechanically. But we get the idea even from existing conveyances like mechanical escalators, elevators, or any other mechanical means of transportation. If we watch the passers-by on a moderately crowded street, we recognize immediately the mechanical and compulsory manner of their movements and attitudes, illustrative of how mechanical their life has become. The variety of conveyances also reveals the unprecedented extent to which man has become transportable. The tremendous expansion of traffic and transportation systems is a visible proof of this, but the significance of this vastly increased mobility becomes evident everywhere. For when we say that man himself has become "transportable," we indicate, first of all, passivity, an unfree movement, as opposed to movements that are active and show initiative. We may formulate the process as follows: Man becomes transportable to the extent to which the machine approaches perfection. Or, vice versa, without this increased human mobility, there could be no technical progress. Man has become mobile, more mobile than he ever was. This mobility is a sign of progressive mass formation, which means the same as technical progress. It is one of technology's characteristics that it releases man from all non-rational bonds, only to subjugate him more closely to the framework of rational relations. The increasing mobility of man is related to the inroads of organization and apparatus into human life; as we get mobile, we also get mobilized. And in the same proportion man becomes mentally mobile – that is wide open to the invasions of ideologies. The susceptibility of large segments of the population to ideologies and the power which the demagogues derive from this are symptomatic of mass formation. Ideologies are generalizations, vulgarizations of faith and knowledge; consequently, they are highly transferable and infectious. It is true that the technician has no need of an ideology to achieve his ends, for he has at his command powers that make an ideology superfluous. But exactly
because the technician does not concern himself with anything beyond his own field, the ideology becomes a most handy tool. As the technician aspires to universal power, yet is interested only in his specialty, the ideology fills a gap, it abridges a vacuum ; hence, the alliance between technology and ideology. In this association the ideology gains tremendous powers, and it begins to direct toward a goal all the vast stores of energy that organization and mechanism have accumulated. The alliance between the technician and the demagogue does not come by accident. The technician's knowledge itself is just as transportable as any machine that can operate as well in the copper mines of Catanga as in the gold mines of Brazil. Technical knowledge is no more bound to an individual technician than functional factory operations are bound to an individual workman. Because the technician has no opinions or convictions of his own outside of his specialty, he needs the crutches of some vulgarized faith as peddled by the demagogue. Technical knowledge is accessible to anyone who wants it; it also can be pilfered, stolen, spied out, and it can be shipped to any point on the globe. Nor will it, like wine or tea, deteriorate in transport, for it lacks all quality; it is a knowledge without loftiness9. The monopolistic character of technology in its earlier stages, therefore, rests exclusively on a head start in industrialization. In spite of all efforts to preserve it, this head start cannot be maintained because the knowledge on which the monopoly is based cannot protect itself. Those who hold that this knowledge should never have been surrendered, to the Asiatic peoples for instance, overlook that it never could have remained secret, because it has no inimitable quality. Thus inventions and devices for national defense have to be protected by special nontechnical methods10. Finally, the technician himself is not in the least interested that inventions should be secreted away or that monopolies should be founded on them. For him, to favor secrecy and monopoly would be to hamper technical progress; he would only be standing in his own way. Since technical knowledge cannot protect itself, it needs legal protection, which is offered by the patent that protects the technical process and its
exploitation for a certain period. It is significant that letters of patent, the documents in which privileges are granted, originated in England, and that England was the first to recognize a right of invention, a right alien to antiquity and to the Middle Ages. Jurists have developed a remarkable differentiation between the copyright of the author and the patent right of the inventor. A precondition of the author's copyright is that his brainchild has been given a definite form. With the patent right the inventor's idea itself is protected even without being translated into definite form, provided only that it can be exploited technically. But then the mark of all high-ranking knowledge is that it protects itself, not just potentially but actually, inasmuch as the creations of that knowledge cannot be imitated.
XXIX - THE MIRAGE OF SOCIALISM The technician, we said, could, if necessary, achieve his goals by power alone without the aid of ideologies. His thinking is not ideologically colored; neither is the apparatus with which he works. But this apparatus can be used at any time for the purposes of an ideology. Indeed, it is being used for such purposes because there exists a reciprocal affinity between apparatus and ideology. Both have the same degrees of accomplished ability, thus they are bound to meet and join forces in their common aim which is to bring the individual under the yoke of mechanical organization. This alliance is highly successful because all ideology already presupposes mechanization, a machinelike uniformity in the thinking of its followers. It is not always easy to express in simple abstract language the difference between a people and a mass. For this reason we shall give now an infallible mark of identification. Wherever there is a people, wherever we are dealing with real peoples, there we shall never find a trace of ideology. And with the same certainty it may be said that, wherever there is a mass, we shall also find an ideology. The mass needs an ideology, and needs it the more urgently, the closer technology approaches perfection. An ideology becomes indispensable because apparatus and organization are not enough, because they do not satisfy the human need for moral support and spiritual comfort without which a man cannot exist. There is no doubt that the efforts of the technician have intensified the spiritual vacuum, that feeling of emptiness, to the same degree that he has constricted the scope of human life. And so the horror vacui, the horror of the void, is part of the technician's world; in many forms this horror enters into human consciousness: as a feeling of depression, of boredom, of futility, lack of purpose, nervousness and mechanical restlessness. As soon as we concern ourselves with ideologies, we are touching also another related problem, that of the actor. Since this problem belongs in our analysis we must ask, whence comes the growing influence and importance of the actor in our modern world? The actor – of the cinema, for instance – is part and parcel of some huge organization which manufactures lifelike
dreams with a highly technical apparatus. Since the technological impoverishment of life creates a popular craving for a dream-world and since these dreams are being mass-produced in dream factories, it follows that the influence of the actor grows in step with the progress of technology. This also becomes manifest in other realms of the make-believe, such as the growing influence of advertising and propaganda. Mass production of photographs is another correlated field. It is no accident that the actor is the most photographed man, the man whose picture meets one everywhere, so that the impression arises that to be photographed is the actor's main occupation, that he must constantly prostitute himself. For we are obviously dealing here with an act of prostitution. As long as the comedian was a member of a caste, a class, or an order, as long, that is, as there was a hierarchy of society, the actor was always looked upon with distrust. This distrust was nowhere stronger than among the peasant class; indeed, we might say that wherever there is a peasant class, there is also an insurmountable distrust of the comedian. But masses feel very different in this respect. Today, when no idea of class is associated with the comedian; when, moreover, we find the comedian in every walk of life, including politics, distrust has been replaced by acclaim and contempt has given room to worship. Just as substitute foods sneak into our nutrition, so do feelings insinuate themselves into our thinking. In a world largely dominated by machinery and organization, happiness can no longer find a niche. There is just as little room for happiness there as in a causal chain, or in the relation of means to ends. But to an individual, locked in his human misery, as in a tower, this is an unbearable condition. Where he has no longer any chance – and the strict organization puts an end to his chances – he must have at least the illusion of chance, some utopian dream of happiness. What makes every kind of socialism utopian is that it blueprints dream castles of happiness that cannot be realized. For since socialism aims to give to everybody his share, that is, since socialism distributes chances according to its own notions of justice, it equalizes and thereby nullifies them all. Nobody is so utterly lacking in imagination as the planner of utopias, who tries in vain to hide this lack
behind his logic. If the Lord and Creator of this globe had made it so that everything were based on justice, there would be no happiness in this world. There would be neither a happy man nor even a lucky one. The world would be as hard and as rigid as those scales held by the goddess of justice on which merit is weighed. In the same way, no happiness would exist in a completely "just" social organization, if it were ever followed to its logical conclusion. There could only be promotions according to some point system of merit, and some well-earned pension upon retirement. Precisely because such a social organization is built completely upon duty and reward, love and grace and happiness would be excluded from it; they could find room only outside of it. That kind of life is wholly intolerable to human beings, even to those who have conformed to technical organization. Even though mechanized man is not happy, he is unwilling to give up the chance of at least a stroke of good luck, be it only in the sweepstakes. In fact, he clings to this chance the more strongly, the less his prospects of realizing it. And why not give him the chance? There is nothing in this world easier or cheaper than to hand out chances, since they are always distributed in exact proportion to the blanks. If one cannot make man happy, one can still make him a candidate for a hit of good fortune. Moreover, in a state of advanced technology, illusions can be mass-produced by industry. Thus, the movie industry holds out to the tired employee of mechanization the images of happiness in love, of wealth, and of imaginary worlds of gracious living. And is not the comedian the man of chances, the chance-dispenser, the chance-magician par excellence? And are not the spectators indebted to the comedian as he plays fortune's role for them? The spectators, moreover, identify themselves with the make-believe and the game of chances. The audience needs a symbol, an ideal, a hero, and the comedian who is none of these is at the same time the only one who can enact such roles. The idea of play-acting, which means change of role and character, implies that the comedian cannot have much character or stature of his own. Neither is the happy-go-lucky human type of any stature. But this human type, the average fan of the movies and the radio, is perfectly happy to watch his own role being played by those to whom "everything
happens" on the silver screen. As was already mentioned, the meaning of publicity and propaganda is understood by only a very few people. The public by and large sees only their business aspects and explains them by the rules of competition, the economic struggle which is conceived as part of the struggle for survival. But why is it that advertising and propaganda are marching apace with technical progress? Why is it that they are becoming the foremost exploits of that progress and spread all over the earth? Why is it that publicity experts and professional propagandists begin to practice psychology in order to increase still more the penetrating, insinuating, enchanting power of their claims? Finally, what is the greatest obstacle which impedes the success of these endeavors? It is simply that the promises are not credible, and that it is not easy to hide the large portion of humbug they contain. Hence that pastedon, poster-like quality of these claims; hence also their invariable appearance as fillers of bare spots and empty places. In fact, it seems that the very volume of advertising and propaganda proffers an excellent yardstick for the extent to which our lives have become emptied, have become whited sepulchers, the bare facades of which can be pasted over with anything. How far are publicity and propaganda effective? What are their limits? As we have stated, they can capture only things which are technical products, preferably mass products, and they can influence only those who are susceptible to these things. Everything else remains outside their sphere. To mass production in manufacture there corresponds mass reproduction in the means of advertising. Advertising supplies only the picture of whatever it deals with, together with the promises and incantations it uses for a magic wand. The fact that people also are being advertised and published is by no means a contradiction to this formula. The comedian, for instance, is preeminently suitable for being published because he is playing a role, and only in so far as he plays a role has he that mass appeal which warrants mass reproduction of his future. We do not mean to say that the comedian is nothing outside his role, although the part his role plays in his life may well be so large that little else is left. But here we are not concerned with what
the comedian may be outside his role. For even where publicity plays up an actor's "private life," it shows him in a role. Publicity is not concerned with anyone who does not "play a role." The role then is not only something put on, but also something that is repeatable. And being repeatable, it acquires that smoothness that life does not possess, that selfsame smoothness which we find in the comedian's face, a face both mobile and rigid, agile and tense, but role-conscious always, as long as it is on the stage. If we catch it off guard, however, and alone, we see it helpless and in agony, slack and empty. Is there a creature more miserable than the actor who plays no part?
XXX - SELF-DECEPTION BY PHOTOGRAPHY In a world of pure being, that is, in a world in which there can be no change, propaganda could not exist, no more than a difference between being and appearance, truth and falsehood. No deception could enter such a world – there would be no openings, no crevices to admit it. There could not even be such shadows as Plato believed to be cast by thought, shadows which came between the things and the ideas of things. Wherever the ideas formed in the human mind begin to predominate, there a process of separation sets in: the prototypes vanish while the images we are forming of them multiply. Without this process of ideation no science could have developed. For only as we begin to form ideas of things, does our reason demand to have these things explained. Without this separation between things and ideas, there would be no explanations forthcoming from the human mind. In mythology, for instance, the myth has no need to explain itself. It is only in the later stages of antiquity that philosophers attempt to explain myths. Euhemerus of Cyrene, for one, declared the ancient myths to be apotheoses of outstanding human beings. Others explained them as symbols and allegories of events in nature or in history. For a modern
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University of Liège, Belgium, lead author of the paper published in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics.
“The ultraviolet auroras turn out to be very rare and transient: they last only a few seconds. Even though Mars Express has passed over each location many times, detections at a given location do not seem to repeat at later times,” adds Lauriane Soret, also of the University of Liège and lead author of the paper published in Icarus.
From a total of 113 nightside orbits looking straight down on the planet, nine were confirmed to show auroras, with some multiple detections along individual orbits leading to a total of 16 detections.
Looking down, Mars Express can monitor their brightness over time, but observations through the atmosphere at an angle are required to determine the aurora altitudes. Three more auroras were observed in this way, with altitudes determined around an average of 137 km.
When the auroras were detected with its ultraviolet sensor, Mars Express also measured the energy of the electrons hitting the atmosphere at the position of the spacecraft.
By combining these observations, the scientists found that the auroras appear only under special conditions, near the boundary between open and closed magnetic field lines.
In addition, an unexpected displacement observed between the location of the electron bursts and that of the ultraviolet aurora indicate that the field lines guiding the electrons may be tilted from the vertical.
“It seems that the emissions are controlled by a special shape of the local magnetic field: as it starts to become open, it makes an umbrella shape, allowing access to the energized electrons,” explains Jean-Claude.
The incoming energetic electrons are accelerated by a transient electric field along the residual magnetic field lines to interact with the carbon dioxide molecules in the atmosphere, resulting in the ultraviolet emission observed by Mars Express.
“We have now also been able to use the particle values in our simulations of this process to reproduce the measured altitudes of the auroras,” says Lauriane.
“We’ve found that the ultraviolet auroras associated with known magnetic anomalies in Mars’ crust are confined, rare and transient events that vary in time and space. They are very different from the auroras seen on other planets.”
“By scouring the rich data from Mars Express, we now have a much better idea of how this type of martian aurora ‘works’, says Dmitri Titov, ESA’s Mars Express project scientist.
Publication: Gérard et al., “Concurrent observations of ultraviolet aurora and energetic electron precipitation with Mars Express,” Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 120, doi:10.1002/2015JA021150Combat Capability [42%], Role and Missions, Structure of the Navy, in-service ships, surface ships, submarines, chronology.
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The First Pilots of the Russian NavyThe Russian naval aviation got its start at the Kulikovo Field. Not the one at Nepryadva River that witnessed the battle between the Russians and Mongols in 1380 but the one that nowadays included in the city line of Sevastopol. Right from this field on September 16, 1910 naval Lieutenant Stanislav Dorozhinski took off in the cockpit of Antoinette monoplane. He flew over Sevastopol... The whole city kept an eye on his brief but spectacular flight. Should the engine have failed and the pilot would have been doomed. There was not a single plot of flat land that could be glided upon but hills, bays, ravines… Dorozhinski successfully returned to the airfield. And October 10 he made an overwater flight namely over Navy squadron anchored at the roads. Afterwards the young pilot was invited in the City Duma were he was presented with a golden badge. Thanks to these achievements he won his all-Russian laurels.
Later he was called "Russain Bleriot" comparing with the French pilot who a year before impressed Europe by crossing the English Channel in a plane.
To get Antoinette Lieutenant Dorozhinski himself made a trip to France at the direction of the Navy Minister. He personally picked up the aircraft, dismantled it for transportation to Russia and later himself re-assembled the plane in Sevastopol. But prior to this he attended the full course of aircraft flying training in France and qualified as a pilot of the French Flying Club with number 127.
In 1911 he made the second trip to France. There was the time of new aircraft type Vuazen trials there. Lieutenant Dorozhinski became a test pilot. During one of trial flights his plane crashed into the ground. Dorozhinski had a narrow escape – with multiple fractions he was delivered to a Parisian hospital. In three months he was in plane’s cockpit again.
Upon return home he was honored with an audience with the Tsar and the latter presented him with unique platinum badge made by Faberge and designed specially for Dorozhinski. In the middle of the golden laureate wreath was placed an anchor sided with the wings also made of gold. The bottom of the badge was completed by crossed torpedoes as the suggestion that Dorozhinskiy had graduated from submarine training school and several years served as a submariner.
Such a steep curve from air to the water was a real surprise to many. Lieutenant Dorozhinski changed airplanes to submarines. By that time submarines already developed from “apparatus” stage to real fighting ships. The cause of such turn in the fate of young lieutenant was French fantasist Jules Vern and in particular his novel about captain Nemo and Nautilus red by Dorozhiski yet in college.It is true that we all came from our childhood. But still Dorozhinski made it into Russian history as naval aviator who was not only the first to venture a flight over unfamiliar environment but also the first to take off the water having the floats instead of wheels installed on his plane. It is well-known fact that Russian Navy was started by Peter the Great. But the question is who pioneered Russian Airforce. Such deed should be considered equal to the exploits of great Tsar the Builder. Right here the official historians become silent as the great venture to create Russian aviation was assigned to the Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich. And the right-hand man of the first “Air Force Commander-in-Chief" became Captain of the 2nd rank Dorozhinskiy. Together they visited aviation factories in Europe picking up the best types of aircrafts for Russian air force. They had no need in interpreters as Dorozhinski was at home with five foreign languages. The same was with regard to consultants.
It was hard to distinguish in these tiny and fragile flying machines the most dangerous threat to the fleets in the future - strike fighters, bombers, torpedo bombers, submarine hunters, air scouts, radar picket and target marking aircrafts... It would pass a short thirty years since the first flights of Dorozhinski and his colleagues and the world would rock from the battles between sea and air armadas. In his lifetime Stanisav Faddeevich yet witnessed in newspapers the tragedy of American Navy in Pearl Harbor when hundreds of aircrafts from Japanese aircraft carriers hammered from the skies upon battleships and cruisers. And the latter could be saved from the air strike by neither heavy armor nor their great guns. Aviation changed the linear nature of the classic naval battle by aiming it at the air. The greater part of naval ships lost during the years of World War II was sunk by aircrafts. The fact that is very hard to dispute.
The marine pilots what can be said of them. Both risk and bravery everything is twofold and squared about them. The square of sea multiplied by air. That was marine pilots who made air strikes on Berlin in 1941 the year that was the hardest for us. They took off the same airfield that had been a base for the 2nd air division of the Baltic Sea Fleet under command of captain of the 2nd rank Dorozhinski in 1914. And that was four years before the victory day when our pilots hammered the enemy in his own den. Was Dorozhinski aware of that in his lonely spot in the Pyrenees? He did not make it only several months to the first space flight of Yuri Gagarin who was former fighter pilot of the Northern Fleet Air Force. It appeared that lieutenant Dorozhinski launched his “air stack” in the air above Sevastopol for the sake of the first cosmonaut as well.
It is a shame to forget those who were the first. For over seventy years the history of aviation though the history of everything advanced in this country got started from 1917. Should anyone have mentioned the ancestor of our brave Air Force were the Grand Duke and his supporter Dorozhinski it would meant immediate imprisonment. Even now you can not find their portraits in any military museum. Our history had been brushed for too long.
The name of Dorozhinski you can not find in any Soviet Encyclopedia although it must be there. Alas, but it can not be remembered by those who should know it due to their connection to aviation. It is hard to believe how they’re not aware of the ancestor of their profession. But the marine pilots have no idea of who was the first marine pilot as the first military and marine pilot of the Russian Navy appeared to be an immigrant. For a Soviet military historian that was more than enough to black out the name of “people’s enemy” from the historical records.
But nonetheless the name of Dorozhinski made its way back to Russia together with his grandson Vadim Kryzhanovski. Former French citizen and later American national Vadim Dmitrievich Kryzhanovski getting the Russian passport brought to Moscow the archive of his grandfather including unique photographs. That was him who gave the possibility to know the bits of Dorozhinski’s biography.
Dorozhinski was born in Sevastopol in an old noble family that coat of arms included a symbol related to a roadway – horseshoe (Dorozhinski last name is derived from the Russian word meaning road - translator's note). He studied in Tsarskoe Selo and then in Naval Colledge. He graduated as a warrant officer in 1901 and got an assignment to the Black Sea Fleet.
But beforehand he was educated by English family tutor. That was him who read the boy Vern’s novel about balloon flights and together they cut out newspaper articles about aeronauts. That was the beginning of air fever. Once the tutor deliberately brought his pupil to a slaughter house. The boy witnessed the bleeding of the doomed animals and could never eat meat ever since becoming stern follower of vegetarianism like his tutor. In the Naval College the menu like throughout the Navy was far from vegetarianism ideas. Midshipman Dorozhinski had plenty of conflicts with the officers with regard to abstinence from meat and was even subjected to disciplinary segregation but remained strong in his views. And while his service aboard he starved a lot, before the time the cooks started cooking separately for a weird officer.
Who knows but may by this very oddity saved his life in bloody 1917. Among the seamen he had a reputation of kindly soul – “can't say boo to a goose”. In 1918 the Bolsheviks drowned unwanted officers in the “Death Barges". Soil barges with drop open bottoms were staffed with doomed officers and then the barges were put out from Kronstadt, delivered to Tolbukhin lighthouse where peopled were drowned alive. Dorozhinski was also among the sentenced but his former subordinates took him out. The next “Death Barge” sailed away without him.
Dorozhinski was disguised in pea jacket and taken to Sevastopol. Not to be captured and shoot on the way because of his white hands his palms were properly blackened with motor oil. He was put in a railroad carriage with the sack of sunflower seed and in the likeness of seller sent to Crimea. All half of the month on the way to Crimea Dorozhinski fed on these seeds and buiscuits. Not a single snoop could guess that aviator diploma #127, dirk and orders were buried at the bottom of the sack filled with sunflower seeds.
He managed to get to Sevastopol alive. He grabbed his wife and daughters and left mad Russia for ever. This ruthless trip was made by thousands of Russians those days: Istanbul, Warsaw, Paris… Dorozhinski was remembered well in France. He was helped to purchase cheap plot of land in the Pyrenees. There at the border with Spain number one marine pilot of Russia became real farmer: bred chickens, cows, made hay, handled vegetable garden… The farm was odd to the surprise of local peasants as the livestock was never butchered and even hens had natural death. The more so the weird Russian willingly accepted ill and crippled mules, horses, dogs, goats nursed them and gave them “permanent alimony”. The Vega farm has become the first Christian vegetarian center in France. Mahatma Gandi himself wanted to make acquaintance with unexpected like-minded fellow and finally met Russian immigrant.
Soon Dorozhinski graduated from agricultural college and added his pilot certificate with agriculturist diploma. Later he became familiar with medicine. During Nazi occupation he sheltered those who were searched by Gestapo or hide from compulsory labor for the Third Reich. During first years in immigration he took oil painting lessons from Konstantin Korovin. Outstanding artist and marine pilot were bounded with the ties of friendship for many years. Korovin presented Dorozhinski with about fifty of his paintings. After becoming prosperous farmer Dorozhinski helped his gifted friend as far as possible. And Dorozhinski himself was a man of great talent in whatever he entered: pilot, submariner, agronomist, doctor, painter, philosopher…
Yes, he was a real philosophist and not an arm-chair thinker but utilitarian philosopher so called fate tester. He pushed his luck in the air above the sea and underwater, at the fronts of Civil War and in the foreign lands. He thought a lot about the nature of things. He trusted his thoughts to paper only that was secured deep in his counter.
His beloved grandson inherited from his grandfather not only striking resemblance but all the talents as well. Like his grandfather Vadim Dmitrievich is at home with five languages, a pilot who bought a plane on installment plan and flew it a lot from Canadian Lakes to Mexican deserts. He also keeps to vegetarianism, the same love to agronomy and gardening.
“I never dreamt that could find myself at grandfather's home land in Sevastopol", Vadim Dmitrievich said. “But with the grace of God I managed."
We got acquainted with him back in 1991 at the first Compatriots’ Congress in Moscow. For the past ten years when the Russian borders suddenly became open for Kryzhanovski and alike he traveled over half the country being already nowhere near to age of a boy. He visited such places that he only knew from grandfather’s stories – Valaam, Siberia, and even traveled down Yenisei to very Didinka. In his travels over Russia he is accompanied by his Italian wife Laura a teacher of English language. They permanently reside in a small town in California. Just a quick look at the map and you are taken aback where California is and where Dudinka is. They traveled to the South to the river Don to pay a tribute to the home land of his father a Cossack officer.
At the high coast of Severnay Bay in Sevastopol where the remnants of towers of ancient Calamite still can be seen once had been the cemetery of the first Russian pilots with the propellers at the tombstones instead of crosses. In the years of wars it was plowed with shells and bombs but some gravestones survived although to stay in the dark oblivion. Reckless pilot Dorozhinski many times was close to end his days at that cemetery. But the Fate watched him till his declining years and the remains of the first Russian marine pilot sleep far from Russia at Cote d'-Azur under the palms of Nice at the cemetery of Kocade. The noveaux riches never visit that place and the members of the Russian embassy by tradition once set by their Soviet predecessors are not in a hurry to find a path to the forgotten gravestone.
In the year of 300 years anniversary of the Russian Navy the first Russian aircraft carrier – heavy aircraft carrying cruiser Admiral Flota Sovetskogo Soyuza Kuznetzov made a cruise into the Mediterranean first under the flag of Admiral Igor Kasatonov and then Valentin Selivanov. On board of the carrier was traveling after a long interval a ship borne fighter wing of the Northern Fleet equipped with SU 33 aircrafts. Many pilots took off their aircrafts from the carrier’s deck into the air above the Mediterranean right in the vicinity of Nice were the remnants of one of the first marine pilots of the Russian Navy Captain of the 2nd rank Stanislav Dorozhinski rest in peace.
It’s a pity nobody of them guessed to shake the wings of their aircrafts in memory of him…苏德战争爆发第一天：斯大林在做什么？
来源：百度文库 编辑：神马文学网 时间：2022/12/09 15:02:12
战争第一天对红军来说意味着空前的灾难。德国军队在几乎所有的主攻方向都取得了重大的突破，西方、西北方2个方面军的侧翼受到了巨大的威胁，航空兵部队损失惨重。远在克里姆林宫里的斯大林虽然对这一灾难的规模无法做出准确的判断，但通过国防人民委员部获得的零星情报，他已经可以确信灾难是实实在在的降临了。虽然这位曾经历过无数风雨的老布尔什维克决不像某些人所说的那样陷入了惊慌失措，但战争违反他的意志突然降临，确实令斯大林极为震惊和愤怒。
他大骂着找不到踪迹的巴甫洛夫，责备着总参谋部和其他方面军司令员，甚至威胁要“砍掉罪人的头颅”。但斯大林同时也明白，他必须赶快了解前线的实际情况并建立起有效的指挥。于是，副国防人民委员沙波什尼科夫、库立克被派往西方面军，朱可夫被派往西南方面军。与此同时，无数命令被发了出去：在全国发布总动员令，除外贝加尔、中亚和远东外，所有1905-1918年出生的，有服兵役义务的公民都将被动员。在苏联欧洲部分进行军事管制，一切国防、国家安全、社会秩序职能全部移交军事机关，军事当局有权调动劳动者和交通工具。
一通忙乱之后，全天只喝了一杯茶，麻脸都变得有些消瘦
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A limite fai un telaino con due antine scorrevoli... però alte tanto da non permettere la visuale!以太坊是一个开源的区块链平台，它允许开发者构建和部署智能合约和去中心化应用程序（Dapps）。在以太坊网络上，所有的交互和操作都被记录在一个公共的分布式账本中，这个账本被称为区块链。当我们在以太坊网络上进行交易或执行智能合约时，会产生大量的日志信息，这些日志信息对于开发者来说是非常重要的，因为它们可以帮助开发者调试和分析代码。
以太坊的日志信息通常是以十六进制编码的形式存储的，这使得它们很难被直接阅读和理解。为了能够更好地查看和分析以太坊的日志信息，我们需要使用一些工具和技术来进行解码。
在PHP中，我们可以使用以太坊的PHP库来解码以太坊的日志信息。这个PHP库提供了一些函数和类，可以帮助我们将以太坊的日志信息从十六进制编码解码为可读的格式。
我们需要安装以太坊的PHP库。可以通过Composer来安装，只需要在项目的根目录下创建一个composer.json文件，并添加以下内容：
“`
\”require\”: {
\”ethereum/ethereum\”: \”^0.6.0\”
}
“`
然后，在命令行中执行以下命令来安装PHP库：
“`
composer install
“`
安装完成后，我们就可以在PHP代码中使用以太坊的PHP库了。下面是一个简单的示例代码：
“`php
<?php
require \’vendor/autoload.php\’;
use Ethereum\\Ethereum;
$log = \’0x000000000\’;
$decodedLog = Ethereum::decodeLog($log);
print_r($decodedLog);
“`
在这个示例中，我们首先引入了以太坊的PHP库，并创建了一个以太坊日志的十六进制编码。然后，我们使用Ethereum::decodeLog()函数将日志解码为可读的格式，并将结果打印出来。
通过这个简单的示例，我们可以看到以太坊的PHP库提供了一个方便的方法来解码以太坊的日志信息。我们可以根据需要对日志进行解码，并将解码后的结果用于调试和分析。
以太坊的PHP解码日志查看指南通过使用以太坊的PHP库，我们可以轻松地解码以太坊的日志信息，并将其转换为可读的格式。这对于开发者来说是非常有用的，因为它可以帮助他们更好地调试和分析以太坊的智能合约和Dapps。如果你想要查看和分析以太坊的日志信息，不妨尝试使用以太坊的PHP库来进行解码吧！The charges of cruelty leveled against April are utterly false and without merit. April feels violated by the defamatory comments and would like the bad-mouthing to end. If the cruelty claim were true, it would have been true forever. Instead, we can trace this falsehood to a single source: T. S. Eliot’s The Waste Land.
Published in 1922, this “poem” begins with the assertion “April is the cruellest month.” Eliot goes on to list three offenses: “breeding / Lilacs out of the dead land”; “mixing / Memory and desire”; and “stirring / Dull roots with spring rain.” We see nothing wrong with any of these. Lilacs are pretty. Desire is a good thing. Eliot can spin it all he wants, but the majority of Americans perceive “spring rain” as a positive.
So why “go after” April? We launched an investigation to see if personal motives were driving these attacks. Thomas Stearns Eliot was born in September—coincidentally not the cruelest month—of 1888 and grew up in St. Louis, Missouri, the son of a well-heeled businessman. His elitist lifestyle led him to graduate school at Harvard University in the useless and impractical field of philosophy. He moved to England to study at snobby Oxford, dropped out, denounced his U.S. citizenship, remained a virgin as late as age 26, and had at least one nervous breakdown. Like P.L.O. terrorist Yasser Arafat and racist biologist James Watson, Eliot was awarded a Nobel Prize. He died in January—ironically not the cruelest month—of 1965.
Unstable and un-American, Eliot first espoused his anti-April views in October—also not the cruelest month—of 1922 when he published The Waste Land in The Criterion. This “literary” journal was founded and edited by Eliot, which means nobody else would publish his lies.
The self-published “poet” waged his vicious campaign without providing any real evidence of actual cruelty. In fact, a recent poll conducted by Zogby placed April among the top-five “most enjoyable months”—an astonishing achievement given it has only 30 days. Respondents cited “April Fools’ Day,” “Earth Day,” and “Passover” as highlights. “Tax day” was viewed as a “downside,” but many acknowledged that the hard work of tracking down receipts was done weeks before, making March, perhaps, the cruelest month.
And then there’s Easter, which is normally celebrated in April. Our Lord Jesus Christ rose from his grave in April, but apparently that wasn't enough to impress Eliot, who converted to the Anglican Church, an extreme British cult.
To correct the inaccuracy of this “poem,” we have requested that the Eliot estate amend The Waste Land by rephrasing the first line: “In my opinion / April is the cruellest month …” Better yet, we’d like to see the “poem” begin, “April is the fourth month …” At least that’s accurate.
We look forward to hearing from the estate’s lawyer and, if necessary, proving the absurdity of Eliot’s claims in a court of law.
Nell Scovell is a contributor to Vanity Fair. Her first piece for the magazine appeared 20 years ago this April.On June 5, 1873, in a letter to The Times, Sir Francis Galton, the cousin of Charles Darwin and a distinguished African explorer in his own right, outlined a daring (if by today’s standards utterly offensive) new method to ‘tame’ and colonise what was then known as the Dark Continent.
‘My proposal is to make the encouragement of Chinese settlements of Africa a part of our national policy, in the belief that the Chinese immigrants would not only maintain their position, but that they would multiply and their descendants supplant the inferior Negro race,’ wrote Galton.
‘I should expect that the African seaboard, now sparsely occupied by lazy, palavering savages, might in a few years be tenanted by industrious, order-loving Chinese, living either as a semidetached dependency of China, or else in perfect freedom under their own law.’
Close relations: Chinese President Hu Jintao accompanies Zimbabwe President Robert Mugabe to a ceremony in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing
Despite an outcry in Parliament and heated debate in the august salons of the Royal Geographic Society, Galton insisted that ‘the history of the world tells the tale of the continual displacement of populations, each by a worthier successor, and humanity gains thereby’.
A controversial figure, Galton was also the pioneer of eugenics, the theory that was used by Hitler to try to fulfil his mad dreams of a German Master Race.
Eventually, Galton’s grand resettlement plans fizzled out because there were much more exciting things going on in Africa.
But that was more than 100 years ago, and with legendary explorers such as Livingstone, Speke and Burton still battling to find the source of the Nile – and new discoveries of exotic species of birds and animals featuring regularly on newspaper front pages – vast swathes of the continent had not even been ‘discovered’.
Yet Sir Francis Galton, it now appears, was ahead of his time. His vision is coming true – if not in the way he imagined. An astonishing invasion of Africa is now under way.
In the greatest movement of people the world has ever seen, China is secretly working to turn the entire continent into a new colony.
Reminiscent of the West’s imperial push in the 18th and 19th centuries – but on a much more dramatic, determined scale – China’s rulers believe Africa can become a ‘satellite’ state, solving its own problems of over-population and shortage of natural resources at a stroke.
With little fanfare, a staggering 750,000 Chinese have settled in Africa over the past decade. More are on the way.
The strategy has been carefully devised by officials in Beijing, where one expert has estimated that China will eventually need to send 300 million people to Africa to solve the problems of over-population and pollution.
The plans appear on track. Across Africa, the red flag of China is flying.
Lucrative deals are being struck to buy its commodities – oil, platinum, gold and minerals. New embassies and air routes are opening up. The continent’s new Chinese elite can be seen everywhere, shopping at their own expensive boutiques, driving Mercedes and BMW limousines, sending their children to exclusive private schools.
The pot-holed roads are cluttered with Chinese buses, taking people to markets filled with cheap Chinese goods. More than a thousand miles of new Chinese railroads are crisscrossing the continent, carrying billions of tons of illegally-logged timber, diamonds and gold.
The trains are linked to ports dotted around the coast, waiting to carry the goods back to Beijing after unloading cargoes of cheap toys made in China.
Confucius Institutes (state-funded Chinese ‘cultural centres’) have sprung up throughout Africa, as far afield as the tiny land-locked countries of Burundi and Rwanda, teaching baffled local people how to do business in Mandarin and Cantonese.
Massive dams are being built, flooding nature reserves. The land is scarred with giant Chinese mines, with ‘slave’ labourers paid less than £1 a day to extract ore and minerals.
Pristine forests are being destroyed, with China taking up to 70 per cent of all timber from Africa.
All over this great continent, the Chinese presence is swelling into a flood. Angola has its own ‘Chinatown’, as do great African cities such as Dar es Salaam and Nairobi.
Exclusive, gated compounds, serving only Chinese food, and where no blacks are allowed, are being built all over the continent. ‘African cloths’ sold in markets on the continent are now almost always imported, bearing the legend: ‘Made in China’.
From Nigeria in the north, to Equatorial Guinea, Gabon and Angola in the west, across Chad and Sudan in the east, and south through Zambia, Zimbabwe and Mozambique, China has seized a vice-like grip on a continent which officials have decided is crucial to the superpower’s long-term survival.
‘The Chinese are all over the place,’ says Trevor Ncube, a prominent African businessman with publishing interests around the continent. ‘If the British were our masters yesterday, the Chinese have taken their place.’
Likened to one race deciding to adopt a new home on another planet, Beijing has launched its so-called ‘One China In Africa’ policy because of crippling pressure on its own natural resources in a country where the population has almost trebled from 500 million to 1.3 billion in 50 years.
China is hungry – for land, food and energy. While accounting for a fifth of the world’s population, its oil consumption has risen 35-fold in the past decade and Africa is now providing a third of it; imports of steel, copper and aluminium have also shot up, with Beijing devouring 80 per cent of world supplies.
Fuelling its own boom at home, China is also desperate for new markets to sell goods. And Africa, with non-existent health and safety rules to protect against shoddy and dangerous goods, is the perfect destination.
The result of China’s demand for raw materials and its sales of products to Africa is that turnover in trade between Africa and China has risen from £5million annually a decade ago to £6billion today.
However, there is a lethal price to pay. There is a sinister aspect to this invasion. Chinese-made war planes roar through the African sky, bombing opponents. Chinese-made assault rifles and grenades are being used to fuel countless murderous civil wars, often over the materials the Chinese are desperate to buy.
Take, for example, Zimbabwe. Recently, a giant container ship from China was due to deliver its cargo of three million rounds of AK-47 ammunition, 3,000 rocket-propelled grenades and 1,500 mortars to President Robert Mugabe’s regime.
After an international outcry, the vessel, the An Yue Jiang, was forced to return to China, despite Beijing’s insistence that the arms consignment was a ‘normal commercial deal’.
Indeed, the 77-ton arms shipment would have been small beer – a fraction of China’s help to Mugabe. He already has high-tech, Chinese-built helicopter gunships and fighter jets to use against his people.
Ever since the U.S. and Britain imposed sanctions in 2003, Mugabe has courted the Chinese, offering mining concessions for arms and currency.Covid-19 Yayılımı Yaz Aylarında Azalıyor: Harvard Araştırması
Covid-19 yayılımı yaz döneminde daha düşük seviyede. Yeni çalışma, yaz aylarında Covid-19'un yayılma riskinin azaldığını gösteriyor.
Covid-19 yayılımı yaz döneminde daha düşük olabilir. Harvard Üniversitesi ve Çin Tıp Bilimleri Akademisi'ndeki ortak bir ekip tarafından yürütülen son çalışma, ekvatoral bölgelerde Koronavirüs yayılımının azaldığını gösteriyor. Bunun temel sebebi ise güneş ışığı olabilir.
Koronavirüs muhtemelen mevsimsel durumlardan etkilenen bir virüs, ancak yeni yapılan bir çalışma, yaz aylarında yayılma riskinin azaldığını gösteriyor.
ABD'deki Harvard Üniversitesi ve Pekin'deki Çin Tıp Bilimleri Akademisi'nden bir araştırma ekibi, dünya haritalarının görsel bir incelemesini yaptı. Koronavirüs hastalığının ekvatora daha yakın, ısı ve nemin yüksek olduğu ülkelerde daha az yayıldığını fark ettiler.
Scientific Reports dergisinde yayınlanan bulgular, ülkelerin yaz aylarında yeni Covid-19 vakalarında düşüş ve kış aylarında yeniden canlanma görme olasılığının yüksek olduğunu gösterdi.
Harvard Halk Sağlığı Okulu'ndan David E. Bloom'un da aralarında bulunduğu ekibin ortak açıklamasında, "Sonuçlarımız, ısı ve güneş ışığının SARS-CoV-2'nin yayılmasını azalttığı hipotezi ile tutarlıdır" ifadelerine yer verildi.
Ancak sonuçlar, hastalığın yaz aylarında ortadan kalkacağı veya ekvatora yakın ülkeleri etkilemeyeceği anlamına gelmiyor. Araştırmacılar, "Yaz aylarının daha yüksek sıcaklıkları ve daha yoğun UV radyasyonu, halk sağlığı önlemlerini SARS-CoV-2'yi içerecek şekilde alınmalıdır" dedi.
Covid-19 yayılımı yaz döneminde daha düşük
Ekip, pandeminin başlangıcından 9 Ocak 2021'e kadar 117 farklı ülkedeki Covid-19 kaynaklı vaka sayısı ile ülke enlemi arasındaki ilişkiyi inceledi. Bir ülkenin enlemindeki her bir derecelik artış için milyon kişi başına Covid-19 vakalarında yüzde 4,3 artış olduğu bulundu.
Sonuçlar, ekvatora 1.000 km'den yakın olan bir ülkenin milyon kişi başına yüzde 33 daha az vakaya sahip olabileceğini gösteriyor.
Ayrıca geçtiğimiz dönemde İngiliz Tabipler Birliği ve Yale Üniversitesi'nin henüz onaylanmayan yeni çalışması, yüksek irtifida yaşayan bireylerin COVID-19'dan ölme riskinin iki kat daha düşük olduğunu gösteriyordu.
Araştırma sonucunda 230 farklı COVID-19 hastası arasında yüksek irtifada yaşayanların daha güvenilir sonuçlar ortaya koyduğu saptandı. Bu konuda net sonuçlar çıkaramayan araştırmacılar, yüksek noktalarda yaşayan insanların düşük oksijen seviyesine alışık olduğunun altını çiziyor.
Sonuç olarak Harvard çalışması, mevsimsel seyir izleyen Koronavirüs belirtilerine işaret ediyor. Grip gibi bir yayılım gösteren Covid-19, yaz aylarında azalır ve kışın yeniden ortaya çıkar.
Apple Araştırıyor: Apple Watch Covid-19'u Tespit Edebilir mi?
Apple Watch Covid-19 tespiti yapabilir mi? ABD'li teknoloji devi Apple, başlattığı yeni bir araştırma kapsamında koronavirüs de dahil olmak üzere solunum yolu hastalıkların Apple Watch'tan tespit edilip edilemeyeceğiin merak ediyor.Questa immagine è stata utilizzata nell'articolo "Una coppia russa ha adottato un orso 23 anni fa e lui vive ancora insieme a loro - Il bestione annaffia i fiori, gioca a palla e guarda la tv con la sua famiglia adottiva umana ".
La redazione di Dailybest è attenta e cerca solitamente di contattare gli autori delle foto per rispettare il copyright. Se questo non dovesse essere avvenuto o se mancasse la corretta attribuzione, oppure se la presenza di questa immagine sul nostro sito ledesse
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attachment in an email from a stranger. In case of doubt about any attachment
received by mail, scan it before opening.
Anti-virus software that alerts the arrival of an infected email or even deletes it automatically is available in the market.
Sometimes your computer may get infected if you visit certain undesirable web sites. Indeed, there are ways of blocking such sites.
There are two related terms malware and virus. There is a distinction. A malware (malicious software) is software developed for the purpose of causing harm to a computer system.
But a virus is a programme that can copy itself or infect a computer without the consent or permission of the owner. A virus can reproduce itself, and spread to other computer systems.
Sometimes you may receive an email that promises some software that would make your computer work faster or downloads easier.
Be wary of such messages; it may be a ruse to distribute viruses. Then there is the spyware which is a kind of programme that can be installed in a computer in order to steal a user's information, including his/her surfing habits. The spyware is secretly installed with malicious motives.
You have to protect your computer from this kind of threat as well.
People often enjoy publishing personal or even proprietary information on social networking sites like Facebook, Twitter, MySpace and Orkut, or blogs on the net without forethought. Once it is in the public domain, it could be accessed by anyone including online crooks. Even if you withdraw the published information at a later date when wisdom dawns on you, the information would have already been gathered by others who may misuse it. How many of us remember that putting our email id on the net is an invitation for spam? Publish in haste and regret at leisure.
You should be on your guard against phishing, which is the criminal attempt to acquire sensitive personal
information such as passwords, bank account numbers, or credit card details.
The sender of the mail would pose as a trustworthy source like your bank authorities or a government agency like the tax department.
He may ask for several details making the request look as genuine for official processing. Never respond to such mail. If you feel that the message is authentic, do contact the company / organisation directly to confirm the veracity of the request.
Organisations will do well to study well the cyber crime history if any of recruits before they are appointed.
Periodical training of employees on the latest trends in cyber security will save organisations from untoward information disasters.
Network security practices often rely too heavily on the basic network firewall, which may not be adequate to ensure protection against Internet-related threats and attacks. Business enterprises without up-to-date network protective devices face significant risks.
This underlines the need for sound practices in intrusion detection and prevention.June 3 - An Israeli company has produced a technology that utilises the sun to distil water for drinking and agriculture. The system, which the company says is inexpensive and simple to use, has been designed for use in the developing world. Suzannah Butcher reports.
Turning water that looks like this, into this, is no mean feat - especially when the only energy to help you comes from the sun. An Israeli company is hoping its solar-powered water distiller will help solve two of the world's most pressing problems - water scarcity and water pollution. A prototype in the desert near the Dead Sea is turning dirty and salty water into water you can drink, and it's making Dr Ronald Silver from SunDwater very proud. SOUNDBITE (English) CO-FOUNDER OF SUNDWATER, DR. RONALD SILVER, SAYING: "We feel we have a, really a world-changing, revolutionary invention. Our solution is completely green, requires no infrastructure, is run on solar power and has the ability, through our proprietary design changes, to create distilled, pure water in yields that heretofore have never been achieved, to make it an economically feasible model." SunDwater CEO Shimmy Zimels says key to the system is its simplicity, making it ideal for use in developing countries. SOUNDBITE (English) SUNDWATER CEO, SHIMMY ZIMELS, SUNDWATER CEO, SAYING: "When we built the product we took in mind that this is going to be in the field, used by people that are not trained or not engineers and they don't have the ability to run these systems. So, it's a very high tech unit but it's low tech to operate and the operation is very simple, there's minimal maintenance that needs to be done so basically there's really no cost to run the system on the long run." A round photovoltaic dish concentrates the sun's rays, allowing fast evaporation of polluted water. The vapour then flows into a container where it is condensed into clean water - up to 400 litres a day. Water technology expert Avner Adin says it has great potential. SOUNDBITE (English) WATER TECHNOLOGY EXPERT AT THE HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM, PROFESSOR AVNER ADIN, SAYING: "It can be important first of all for remote locations, for small villages in developing countries, for agriculture in remote places. In the future, maybe the technology will improve and be used for larger projects." And with water shortages affecting every continent in the world, it's little surprise there is strong international interest in this solar-powered solution.L’antigene prostatico specifico (PSA) rappresenta il più importante marcatore per il tumore della prostata. Dalla sua introduzione nella pratica clinica si è assistito a una drastica riduzione della mortalità per questo tumore. Nonostante ciò il PSA non può essere considerato il marcatore perfetto. La concentrazione di PSA totale correla con le dimensioni della prostata e con le patologie che la possono colpire. Il dosaggio del PSA totale non è quindi in grado di indicare con precisione se la prostata sia affetta da iperplasia benigna (comunemente intesa come ingrandimento o ipertrofia della prostata), da un’infezione o da tumore. In termini tecnici si dice che il PSA è un test a bassa specificità per la diagnosi di tumore della prostata.
I pazienti con tumore della prostata hanno un PSA <4 ng/ml in circa il 25% dei casi, mentre il 60-70% dei pazienti con PSA >4 ng/ml hanno il PSA elevato semplicemente per l’ingrandimento benigno della prostata. Determinare il rischio di tumore della prostata in presenza di valori di PSA mediamente elevati (2-10 ng/ml) non è quindi semplice ed è necessario sottoposi alla biopsia prostatica. Ma la maggior parte dei pazienti che vengono sottoposti a biopsia prostatica ricevono un risultato negativo, perché il PSA non era elevato a causa di un tumore. Di conseguenza vengono eseguite molte biopsie prostatiche che potrebbero essere evitate. Ricordiamo che la biopsia della prostata è un esame invasivo che prevede l’esecuzione di almeno 10-12 prelievi e, nonostante sia mediamente ben tollerato, non è scevro da complicanze.
Conoscendo i limiti di specificità del PSA, da molti anni si è alla ricerca di altri marcatori che permettano di quantificare più accuratamente il rischio di tumore della prostata e evitare l’esecuzione di biopsie non necessarie.
Il PSA totale comprende il dosaggio della molecola in forma legata alle proteine e in forma libera, quest’ultima chiamata PSA free. Il PSA free è presente in cinque isoforme. Il [-2]proPSA è la più stabile di queste cinque isoforme ed è correlata alla presenza di tumore della prostata. Il Prostate Health Index (phi) è il risultato derivato dalla combinazione del dosaggio del PSA totale, del PSA free e del [-2]proPSA (secondo la relazione: phi = ([-2]proPSA/PSAfree) x √ PSA totale).
I ricercatori hanno osservato che la concentrazione di [-2]proPSA è significativamente più elevata nel sangue di pazienti affetti da carcinoma prostatico e risultano statisticamente più elevati sia la % di [-2]proPSA ([-2]proPSA/PSA free) che l’indice phi. Nei pazienti con PSA totale compreso fra 2-10 ng/mL, con esplorazione rettale non sospetta ed età superiore a 50 anni, la % di [-2]proPSA e l’indice phi sono significativamente più accurati del PSA e del PSA free nell’identificazione dei pazienti affetti da neoplasia prostatica. [-2]proPSA, % di [-2]proPSA e indice phi sembrano correlare con tumori che avranno uno sviluppo clinico e con l’aggressività della neoplasia. Infatti è stato dimostrato che in pazienti che hanno sviluppato forme clinicamente significative e/o aggressive di neoplasia presentano valori elevati di [-2]proPSA, % di [-2]proPSA e indice phi.
Si pensa che il [-2]proPSA e l’indice phi, ottenendo una migliore specificità del PSA totale e del PSA free per la diagnosi di tumore, aiuteranno a ridurre il numero di biopsie prostatiche non necessarie. Questi nuovi test mostrano risultati promettenti, ma gli studi necessitano sicuramente di ulteriori conferme su casistiche più ampie. Inoltre, anche se il [-2]proPSA e l’indice phi sembrano più accurati possono sbagliare (cioè risultare positivi in assenza di tumore) e per la diagnosi di tumore della prostata è sempre necessario eseguire una biopsia prostatica.
Il [-2]proPSA e l’indice phi, di proprietà della stessa azienda che produce i kit per il dosaggio del PSA (Beckman Coulter), da circa un anno sono stati approvati per l’utilizzo clinico sia negli Stati Uniti che in Europa. Tuttavia in Italia i test non sono attualmente rimborsabili dal Servizio Sanitario Nazionale e vengono eseguiti in un limitato numero di centri.Gesto atletico spettacolare su rigore: il giocatore calcia “con le capriole”
Norik Avdalyan è il centrocampista della seconda squadra del Rubin Kazan e questa è la tecnica con cui calcia i rigori. Il 22enne ha già messo a segno alcuni rigori con questa rincorsa con capriola prima di calciare. I portieri rimangono di stucco alla vista dell’evoluzione in aria mentre la palla finisce nella rete. Eccolo in un estratto della clip che la sua società calcistica gli ha dedicato.What is a Brain Tumor?
A brain tumor describes an abnormal cell growth developing near the brain. Some of these cells may carry cancer.
A tumor is produced when old cells are not removed as new are created. These will grow together, forming a hard mass. A tumor in the brain is different than in other locations because of the hard skull keeping the growth pressed against the brain.
This condition can affect anyone of any age and each year around 80 thousand Americans are diagnosed with a brain tumor. (1)
Usually when old cells die and become ineffective, they are expelled to make room for new ones. If this process goes wrong, new cells will form before the old are discharged.
This malfunction may cause a growth spurt of abnormal cells which will form a tumor. This will continue to grow while compressing essential parts of the brain. In turn, it may give rise to a series of symptoms and complications.
There are two different classifications of brain tumors: primary and metastatic. The latter is cancer which has traveled to the brain from another location and is now causing a growth. (2)
A primary brain tumor will begin to grow near the brain. Of this, there are about 130 different types, some of which, may cause cancer.
Symptoms are generally the same for both main types. They may vary in severity depending on size and location. They can include:
A headache is likely to be caused by the growing tumor, putting pressure on the delicate nerves and blood vessels. The severity may vary. Some might perceive it as throbbing while others may sense it as constant pain. (3)
Those affected often describe it as being worse in the mornings after waking up. For some people, it might be accompanied by vomiting. It generally gets better after a few hours.
The headache might increase its intensity during exercise, a change in position or even while coughing. It will usually not respond to medications.
A seizure is a sudden, uncontrollable episode of electrical disturbances in the brain. It is usually caused by a pressed nerve, meddling with the signals. (4)
The affected will likely lose consciousness. This is generally followed by muscle contractions. These may appear in a sequence of twitching and relaxation.
During a seizure, breathing and bodily functions may stop working momentarily. A dull blue appearance might manifest throughout the body.
The seizure is typically over within two to three minutes but the affected might seem tired or sleepy afterward. He/she may complain of muscle pain and headaches and is likely to encounter slight weakness and numbness.
It is not always caused directly by the tumor. Some people may acquire loss of memory following surgery or radiation treatments.
Mood swings can best be described as sudden changes in attitude. The affected might seem happy one moment and severely agitated the next without apparent reason. It may occur as the tumor is altering the brain’s functions. (6)
Depression associated with brain tumors can have a significant impact on life. It may arise due to how the tumor affects the brain. However, many exhibit depression due to the diagnosis itself. Studies suggest that one in four are likely to develop a depressive disorder. (7)
A tumor in the brain is likely to interfere with the personality of the affected. It may change the way the person acts and thinks. (8)
This symptom can be difficult, especially for loved ones. Personality may change to become the opposite of how it used to be and the affected might not be recognizable.
Depending on location, a tumor can change the way the affected speaks, concentrates or their ability to reason. (9)
The person might be unable to make a sound judgment. He/she may seem easily distracted or often confused. Sometimes this symptom can be apparent to the affected, other times it may be more evident to caregivers or loved ones.
Fatigue is a common symptom. It might be perceived as a total lack of energy and overwhelming tiredness. Others may experience feelings of weakness or heaviness in the body. It may lead to irritability or difficulty concentrating. (10)
If a sequence of the above mentioned symptoms occurs, it could be an indicator of a mass effect. This means the tumor is putting pressure on the surrounding healthy tissue and should be treated immediately. (11)
It might indicate that the tumor is growing. It can also occur as fluid circulation is blocked and is causing swelling.
A grade one tumor is very unlikely to spread. They grow relatively slowly and can be removed with surgery and cure the patient.
Grade two tumors may also be very unlikely to grow or spread. However, these may recur following treatment.
Tumors classified as grade three are made up from mostly dividing cells. These will continue to grow rapidly.
These tumors are made from actively dividing cells. The tumor is likely to have blood vessel growth as well as areas of dead tissue. This enables them to spread rapidly.
Brain tumor treatment varies from person to person. Depending on the type of tumor and location, there is a wide selection of treatments. These may include:
Surgery usually provides the basis for treatment. A doctor might take a sample via surgery to help confirm a diagnosis. The tumor might even be removed entirely. (14)
Surgery may be done for a number of different reasons. These include removing as much as possible of the tumor, relieving symptoms or preparing for further treatment.
Other operations may create a direct view of the tumor (craniotomy) to implement further treatment. If the patient suffers from recurrent seizures due to a brain tumor, surgery might help reduce it.
Steroids can be used to treat a brain tumor. They will typically work to reduce swelling and symptoms. It has proven to promote a sense of well-being as well as increasing the appetite of the affected. (15)
This treatment is generally used if the tumor is cancerous. However, it may also be applied to benign (non-cancerous) tumors. (16)
It involves different anti-cancer drugs administered either directly on the tumor or through the bloodstream. These drugs work to kill cancer cells and prevent them from growing and spreading.
Radiation therapy involves exposing the tumor to concentrated beams of x-rays or photons. It may be administered to kill the abnormal cells or to prevent them from growing. The healthy cells will readily repair while the tumor will shrink and die out. (17)
What is a brain tumor? A brain tumor is an unnatural formation of old and new cells near the brain.
What are the signs of a brain tumor? A brain tumor can affect the way a person acts and feels. It can alter personalities and induce depressive disorders. Other signs can include headaches, nausea and vomiting. Seizures may recur and the affected is susceptible to mood swings and memory loss.
How do you develop a brain tumor? Cancer cells spreading from another location may cause a cancerous tumor in the brain. However, a tumor may also originate from the brain and is not necessarily cancerous. It usually develops when new cells form before the old are removed, creating a growth.
How is a brain tumor diagnosed? Doctors will usually begin with questions about symptoms encountered and their severity. If a brain tumor is suspected, a small sample might be taken for evaluation. This is typically followed by neurological examinations, where vision, hearing, balance, mental status and memory are assessed. Different brain scans may be done, including CT or CAT scans. (18)
What is the best treatment of a brain tumor? Treatment depends on the type and size of the tumor. It usually revolves around surgery and medications. These can include steroids or anti-cancer drugs used in chemotherapy. (19)
What are the long term complications of a brain tumor? A tumor might recur after being treated. In turn, it might cause serious complications to mental health. The affected can lose the ability to interact and it can cause permanent damage to brain functions. (20)
Is a brain tumor considered a disability? It can have severe impact on the brain’s functions which could lead to disabilities. (21)
Is there any cure for a brain tumor? It can be removed with surgery and treated with medications. However, it may regrow.
Is a brain tumor life threatening? It could cause a brain herniation, which can be fatal. This occurs when the fluid and blood vessels are pushed away from their position. It can also be a cause of death if the tumor is cancerous. (22)
A brain tumor is an unusual growth developing near the brain. Usually, it is cancer cells spreading from another location to the brain causing a growth spurt. (23)
However it may also originate from within the brain. Any type of brain tumor may cause various symptoms compromising mental health.
Early detection is key, so
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落到他身后。嗯，现在，我怀疑好指挥官这几天脑子里有很多事，大法官亨利说，明亮。
我认为我们和不变的界限开始变得模糊,当你看着非常小的孩子。就像我说的,他们不携带行李和记忆。给出正确的刺激和挑衅,我认为即使是一个不变的孩子可以教我们这样战斗。””还有一个沉默看作是我们都想想他只是说。我的第一反应是,它可能是废话,但是他可能只有一个点。我不会在那里。我受够了。Spivey是我要出来。
这笔交易是什么?””他从短兵相接。他要欲擒故纵。但是他已经显示了他的手。他会出来迎接我。他已经输了。但我很担心他的妻子。和一个像墨里森这样的人一起生活也不至于因为他而死去正确的？“““剩下的呢？“我问她。“Teale？“““我并不感到惊讶，“她说。“这家人已经二百年了。我知道他们的全部情况。
我希望我知道给谁,和他说什么。我现在又看一眼月亮,我注意到别的东西:附近的院子是一个树在月光下点燃,树枝是正方形黑silhouette-a树屋。步进近,我看到木板弯曲木锤成的树干的步骤。门口的树屋是一个木盒子和一些矩形图样在windows。当然他们会这么做。有好的会计师，损失可能是好事。7普雷斯顿专心地盯着我。他到底在想什么?所以他知道埃利斯是一个人,那又怎样?为什么要对他有影响吗?不管什么原因,他的语气无疑已经发生了改变。
我知道不到“appenin”。你需要去医院的。”这是比它看起来更糟,“卡特呻吟。崔佛裂开。他的小蛇眼挥动。他漫无目的的和担心。”你到达时,”他说。”
它在暴风雨中闪烁着蓝色的太阳。”这不是你,”他说。”但也许你有充分的理由。”“几乎每个人都经过这里,她旅行。”“你为什么逃跑?”因为我知道会发生什么,纳特说。“我是一个兽人。它是那么简单。”但在公共汽车上的人在你身边,格伦达说。纳特展示他的双手,爪子滑出来,只是一会儿。
“我敢打赌,这是血腥Ottomy告诉他们,”格伦达咆哮道。“他们做了什么?”“好吧,当然,你知道有麻烦在美杜莎在观察一段时间前,开始思考。“是的,但是你向导进行排序,崔佛说。但没有人喜欢被变成了石头,即使只是半个小时。”《纽约时报》做了一个深思熟虑的碎片。我想它不是太坏。“这会很快发生吗？”“它的开始相当缓慢，但对最终来说是非常快的，努特说，“事情是，”格伦达说，“我是说，我不能离开我的工作，那里有老女人我去拜访，你会忙着足球的……”我想我们应该做我们应该做的事情，今天是明天的最后一个训练日，今天是今天，“我得做很多馅饼。”“这对我们都很忙。”你介意我说你的poem...the"隐窝是一个漂亮的地方，但是没有一个我想在茶之后离开"saying...in不是很好吗?"""""""我知道，""我知道，"“我觉得很不好。”“哦，请不要！这是一首美妙的诗！”“格伦达突然爆发了，感受到了平静的海面上的涟漪。
还有很多守望者。从这儿我可以看到他们俩。在他脑子里嗡嗡作响的小蜜蜂可能会撞错位，他会把你的脸切掉。哦，对，还有TosherAtkinson和他的妈妈，四处走动，好像出去散步。最近没见过你，Trev安迪说。“好吧！门后面关着的LadyMargolotta说。“你在这个城市里孕育了什么样的人，Havelock？’我想象一些最好的，Vetinari说。“两个普通人能在没有预约的情况下闯进来吗？”’“但是有馅饼，维蒂纳利很快地说。“你在等他们吗？’让我们说，我并不感到意外，Vetinari说。“我当然知道曼联的化妆。
在一个小时内,它会滚了我们。我就那么站着,等待着。Spivey出来了。我听到车笼上的格栅研磨。崔佛是正确的,格伦达的想法。它是坏的。崔佛没有走很远,当他的《街头灵机报告诉他他被跟踪。他闪躲了几的小巷,在下一个路口等待面对追随者…那些没有的追随者。身后的小巷是空一直到最后的街道。他意识到这一点的同时,肯定有人按感觉脖子上的刀。
她四处走动，开着灯。拉窗帘。“今天早上是我见过的最糟糕的事情，“她说。“到目前为止最糟糕的事情。但我要告诉你一些我永远不会告诉别人的事情。我并不难过。十七说来奇怪，我在费雪国王的大厅里度过了两年。我恨恨绝望，我没有注意到更广阔的世界——四季无声的转折，长长的，地球缓慢的摆动通过她测量的过程。现在乌瑟尔死了。我仔细考虑了这个问题。Constantine的帝国路线从来没有注定要繁荣兴旺。贵族君士坦丁的每一个儿子都曾是国王，每次轮到他，像他的父亲一样，在他的时间之前减少。
有一个意味着胜利的光芒在他的眼睛。公共汽车是越来越近了。”是谁,Spivey吗?”我说。”现在告诉我,否则我就回来。””但他只是后退,转身离开了他肮脏的福特。乐队开始演奏。我们再也不能说话了。罗斯科带着歉意的微笑摇了摇头。乐队声音很大。15我走到沃伯顿的视力比监狱的司机,我在那里不到50分钟。这是一个地狱的景象。
他们杀死了乔达到。我把宾利轻微希尔罗斯科的房子。停在路上在她的地方。,夜里有很多打斗。”“什么?”对谁来打我们。指挥官vim回到小镇,想把你关起来,”他说。“只有在保护性监禁,当然可以。”“你的意思是把他的地方他们都可以找到他吗?格伦达说。”我想说暴徒闯入的可能性Pseudopolis院子是远程的,说思考。
这是所有。不应该发生在你身上,我发誓。”””所以是什么出了问题?”我问他。”我搞砸了,”他说。”这就是,我发誓。这是另一个人后。我很高兴认识你。他转向格伦达。“这不是一个女士的差事。”他把孩子们带到了黑暗中。
谁会想念你,Par的下巴?你不会像一滴眼泪填满这么多瓶。他看起来人控股阿伦。“把他扔进坑里。”如果守门员离目标很远，那他就是皮洛克！’看，让我们重新开始，另一个声音说。“假设我就是这里的家伙。”崔佛看了看对面，看到其中一个人把一张弄皱的纸弹过桌子。就像，我踢了那么远的球，这就是我，这张纸。那又怎样？他又把纸弹了一遍，它击中了沉思的铅笔。
他们震撼了教练一个特别讨厌的壶穴。“所以,如果我们什么都不做只会得到越来越近?”“是的,纳特说。教练跳又慌乱,但格伦达觉得她旅行在很薄的冰。她讨厌说错话。“你知道崔佛说我死的吗?”纳特接着说。IradneComb-Buttworthy从未在她的书将一艘船。他们可能没有足够的手提袋。“不,纳特说。“事实上,简而言之,每个船盾牌其他船从一侧横向波,通过增量外部力量使他们没有意识到这一点。”“啊!这是一个隐喻吗?格伦达说松了一口气。“你认为我们被推在一起。”
我惊呆了。所有我能说的是“她为什么这么重要?”””你问我吗?”朱迪笑了。”谁知道呢?据我所知,也许她希望你为自己。”二十三安娜等待着黑色尘埃的云，土墩周围的白雪覆盖着泥土和木头碎片。每个人的行动似乎都停顿了一下。德里克仍然以战斗姿态握住他的刀刃，但是他的眼睛和Annja在墓穴的入口处。不开阔，但是一英寸或两个半开。它半开着，因为锁被砸碎了。有人用撬棍在上面。破碎的锁和碎片的纠缠不允许门一路关上。罗斯科把手放在嘴边默默地喘气。她的眼睛很宽。
“这会很快发生吗？”“它的开始相当缓慢，但对最终来说是非常快的，努特说，“事情是，”格伦达说，“我是说，我不能离开我的工作，那里有老女人我去拜访，你会忙着足球的……”我想我们应该做我们应该做的事情，今天是明天的最后一个训练日，今天是今天，“我得做很多馅饼。”“这对我们都很忙。”你介意我说你的poem...the"隐窝是一个漂亮的地方，但是没有一个我想在茶之后离开"saying...in不是很好吗?"""""""我知道，""我知道，"“我觉得很不好。”你想进来吗?”””我需要帮助,杰里。没有人我可以去。””很容易画齿轮磨削在杰瑞的头。他会犹豫任意数量的原因。”你想要我什么?”他问道。”我有一个问题,短信和手机。
然后问，但别以为你问的任何事情都会改变我的想法。瞥了一眼，一个厨房女孩正要说一个罪恶的秘密。“我得请你把乌瑟尔的剑还给我。”我考虑了一会儿。不管你长什么样，不管你有什么装备。你所需要的就是低头玩。他们当中最好的能和史蒂夫·雷（StevieRay）从松散的酒吧摇滚到老式的德克萨斯布鲁斯（TexasBlues）的瞬间变化相媲美。
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点击数：1936989September 28 is recognized as World Rabies Day! Rabies is a pet parent’s worst nightmare! Today is the day to be aware of the cold hard facts and how to prevent this horrible disease. Its ideal to know about rabies and how to protect your pet from the dreaded infection. Rabies is nearly always fatal so make sure you read – and you read CAREFULLY.
Well, what exactly is rabies? Everyone knows that it’s a terrible disease usually developed from a bite of another animal that has it – but how is it exactly defined? Rabies is a severe infection that affects the matter of the dog’s brain and central nervous system. Once the virus is in the animals’s body, it incubates in the body for 3 to 8 weeks. After the virus reaches the brain it becomes fatal.
What are the symptoms of rabies? When your pet gets infected it may show extreme behavior change. The animal may bite at any form of stimulus and attack humans, other animals and even inanimate objects! If you fail to notice this behavior, symptoms can worsen. The pet will then develop paralysis of the throat and jaw which produces foaming at the mouth. Unfortunately this leads to weakness, seizures and deaths.
How can my dog get rabies? Rabies is primarily passed down through a bite from an infected animal. Keep in mind dogs aren’t the only species that develop rabies! Another way it can be passed down is through an infected wound or scratch.
What can I do to prevent rabies? Here is a list of ways to ensure that your pet stays rabies free!
- Keep your pets vaccine up to date! Especially with a young puppy or kitten, they should receive their first vaccination at 12 weeks. Many animal control agencies even offer free or low-cost rabies vaccinations!
- If another animal bites your pet or vice-versa consult your veterinarian immediately. It’s always better to be safe than sorry!
- Do not let your pets roam! Especially if you live in a woodsy area where wild animals are present. Keep them under supervision so they don’t come in contact with any dangerous wild animals.
- If you see a stray animal in your neighborhood that seems to be infected call animal control to pick it up and prevent it from infecting others.
- Don’t handle wild animals. They may be cute and furry but they could be containing rabies! Unless you’re an expert its advised to stay away from strays.
World Rabies Day was launched back in 2007 by The Global Alliance For Rabies Control. The main goal is to raise awareness to this deadly disease to cause more and more prevention. Remember its good to be knowledgeable! All it takes is one bite, make sure your pet is protected!by JOE TRAYNOR
Insecticide poisoning is no longer a novelty to most beekeepers. When hives are placed in agricultural areas today, the fact that a certain amount of insecticide poisoning will occur is a foregone conclusion. If a beekeeper expects to get by with no loss whatever, he should not expect to place hives in agricultural areas in California. Living with insecticides means keeping annual insecticide damage to an apiary at a low enough level so that a net profit can still be made. This can be difficult but it is by no means an impossible task. There are many California beekeepers who make a profit on colonies in agricultural areas.
It is strange that some beekeepers who spend hour after hour inspecting their colonies for foulbrood will not devote a fraction of this amount of time to prevention on an insecticide loss that could be just as devastating as a foulbrood infection. Prevention of insecticide damage, just like requeening, should be an integral part of the management operation of the beekeeper who places hives in an area where insecticides are apt to be used. The number of honey bees killed by insecticides each year in California could easily be cut in half through more careful management practices on the part of the beekeeper.
Although distasteful to the independent-minded beekeeper, the adoption of defensive measures is often necessary to reduce bee poisoning to low levels. A danger here is that beekeepers will become so involved in developing defensive measures and putting them into practice that they will accept without questioning the system that makes such measures so necessary.
A major part of any bee-poisoning prevention program is anticipating potential problems before they arise. The beekeeper should make note of the crops within at least a mile radius of an intended apiary location and then should become familiar with the insecticide program for those crops (insecticide programs are available for all crops from the extension service or from local pesticide distributors). The beekeeper should keep with him at all times a list of the relative toxicity of different insecticides to honey bees and should carry extra copies for distribution to growers (current lists are obtainable from the U.S.D.A. or the state extension service). If materials hazardous to bees are recommended in the insecticide program of a crop in the area, the beekeeper should contact the growers involved and explain the problem to see if a satisfactory solution can be worked out. Ground rig spraying (vs. airplane) and night spraying of many toxic materials will often reduce bee poisoning to below economic levels.
If the beekeeper has bees on a pollination project, the growers of the crop to be pollinated should be prevailed upon to assure that all growers in the area do not apply potentially troublesome materials. If past experience has shown that insecticide programs compatible to honey bees cannot be worked out prior to the time of pollination, the beekeeper should inform the grower firmly but politely that he will not be able to furnish bees for pollination. This should
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os.stat_float_times(), can be added to set globally the timestamp type.
A global flag may cause issues with libraries and applications expecting float instead of Decimal. Decimal is not fully compatible with float. float+Decimal raises a TypeError for example. The os.stat_float_times() case is different because an int can be coerced to float and int+float gives float.
Instead of hard coding how timestamps are created, a new protocol can be added to create a timestamp from a fraction.
For example, time.time(timestamp=type) would call the class method type.__fromfraction__(numerator, denominator) to create a timestamp object of the specified type. If the type doesn't support the protocol, a fallback is used: type(numerator) / type(denominator).
A variant is to use a "converter" callback to create a timestamp. Example creating a float timestamp:
def timestamp_to_float(numerator, denominator): return float(numerator) / float(denominator)
Common converters can be provided by time, datetime and other modules, or maybe a specific "hires" module. Users can define their own converters.
Such protocol has a limitation: the timestamp structure has to be decided once and cannot be changed later. For example, adding a timezone or the absolute start of the timestamp would break the API.
The protocol proposition was as being excessive given the requirements, but that the specific syntax proposed (time.time(timestamp=type)) allows this to be introduced later if compelling use cases are discovered.
Other formats may be used instead of a fraction: see the tuple of integers section for example.
To get the creation, modification and access time of a file with a nanosecond resolution, three fields can be added to os.stat() structure.
The new fields can be timestamps with nanosecond resolution (e.g. Decimal) or the nanosecond part of each timestamp (int).
If the new fields are timestamps with nanosecond resolution, populating the extra fields would be time consuming. Any call to os.stat() would be slower, even if os.stat() is only called to check if a file exists. A parameter can be added to os.stat() to make these fields optional, the structure would have a variable number of fields.
If the new fields only contain the fractional part (nanoseconds), os.stat() would be efficient. These fields would always be present and so set to zero if the operating system does not support sub-second resolution. Splitting a timestamp in two parts, seconds and nanoseconds, is similar to the timespec type and tuple of integers, and so have the same drawbacks.
Adding new fields to the os.stat() structure does not solve the nanosecond issue in other modules (e.g. the time module).
Because we only need one new type (Decimal), a simple boolean flag can be added. Example: time.time(decimal=True) or time.time(hires=True).
Such flag would require to do a hidden import which is considered as a bad practice.
The boolean argument API was rejected because it is not "pythonic". Changing the return type with a parameter value is preferred over a boolean parameter (a flag).
Add new functions for each type, examples:
Adding a new function for each function creating timestamps duplicate a lot of code and would be a pain to maintain.
Add a new module called "hires" with the same API than the time module, except that it would return timestamp with high resolution, e.g. decimal.Decimal. Adding a new module avoids to link low-level modules like time or os to the decimal module.
This idea was rejected because it requires to duplicate most of the code of the time module, would be a pain to maintain, and timestamps are used modules other than the time module. Examples: signal.sigtimedwait(), select.select(), resource.getrusage(), os.stat(), etc. Duplicate the code of each module is not acceptable.
This document has been placed in the public domain.Yıldız oyuncunun Almanya Milli Takımı'nda teknik direktörlüğünü yapan Klinsmann, "Lukas'ın aklında 2 yıl önce MLS vardı. Amerika'ya gelmeyi düşünen oyuncular da genellikle beni arar. Tabii ki Şampiyonlar Ligi müziği güzel ve en iyi futbol da orada. Bundesliga, Premier Lig ve La Liga da üst düzey ligler. Ancak MLS'teki kulüpler de artık büyüleyici. Bu deneyim kesinlikle yaşamaya değer. Amerika güzel bir ülke ve ben kesinlikle gelmesini öneriyorum" ifadelerini kullandı.
"PEŞİNDE TORONTO FC VAR"
Öte yandan Alman basınında yer alan haberlerde, MLS ekiplerinden Toronto FC'nin Podolski'nin peşinde olduğu ve yaz aylarında bir teklif yapmaya hazırlandığı kaydedildi.
Podolski düzenlediği basın toplantısında, "Benimle ilgilenen bir takım varsa, bana bir talep varsa kulübüme ben buna bir şey yapamam. Ama ben buradan asla ayrılmak istemedim ya da ayrılmak istediğimi söylemedim" ifadelerini kullanmıştı.
Sezon başında Arsenal'den 2,5 milyon euro bonservis bedeli ile Galatasaray'a imza atan Poldi, 33 maçta 12 gol ve 5 asistlik bir performans sergiledi.The concept of sustainable development is globally endorsed and I would say it has some unquestionable type of “cult following”. Positioned in conversations as the way to “save the world” from the looming destruction, reduce poverty, grow the economy; you find it everywhere in discourses, policies, political manifestos, scholarship applications, NGO agendas, funding terms, corporate yearly reports, school curriculum and it always reminds us of the SDGs. An environmental activist dealing with the impact of the oil spill in Nigeria’s Niger Delta region told me once he was critical of the concept and the SDGs, I never understood then. Some may have read and understood the critique of the concept often used interchangeably with the concept of sustainability (more on the long-term basis). To put it simply, Sustainable development is a man-made concept that is focused on “development” A.K.A… Economic growth(GDP-ish) as the vehicle to achieve sustainability and particularly the SDGs are the steps (with indicators as metrics) to achieve the long-term goal of sustainability. Maybe, we can save the world!
The thing about “Sustainable Development” is that many of us do not look beyond the surface value of the definition. It is easy to be hyped up about it in trying to help humanity that we may have missed the critical understanding of the concept, hence, all our approaches to solving what we have defined as problems (never mind who or what is left our left in achieving problem definition) are essentially flawed from the foundation. But in case, you have never thought deeply about how the concept of sustainable development is flawed, this article i hope can help and this is a reminder for those who already know.
An important point is that some progress has been made from countless United Nations conferences, deliberations on human progress, particularly the 1992 United Nations Conference on Economic and Development (UNCED), popularly called “The Earth Summit” at Rio de Janeiro where commendable deliberations, agreements and treaties like Convention on Biodiversity (CBD), Rio Declaration on Environment and Development Agenda 21 and Commission of Sustainable Development was created. Despite the pains from conference fatigue of numerous conferences attended in the past and those to come in the future, the effort for including non-governmental actors, interest groups like indigenous, women, and child rights groups as well as corporate bodies has gained traction.
Sustainable Development and Flawed Elements
The widely accepted definition of sustainable development comes from the 1987 Brundtland report known as Our Common Future defined as:
“Sustainable development is a development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.“ (i know you are probably tired of seeing this definition). The popular Venn diagram that shows the nexus and interactions of the 3 Ps; Planet, People, Profit, the 3 pillars of sustainable development (Purvis, et al., 2019), social, economy and environment interactions at different levels. Essential human Needs and Limits of technology (along with human capacity) were the 2 main considerations of the Brundtland report.
Three pillars of sustainability (Tedeschi, et al., 2015)
However, Sustainable Development has become an “over-worked” buzzword with a meaning that remains rather elusive. As an ambiguous concept open to diverse interpretations which insufficiently capture the whole picture, shifting from logic to semantics. (Mebratu,1998; Du Pisani, 2006; Meadowcroft, 2017). It is actively used as other normative ideas like freedom, democracy, feminism in international discourses, research, policy deliberations within different ontological and epistemological frames. The vagueness associated with the concept means everyone could mistake it as doing some good to save the earth by interpreting the concept within their political and social construct. How people define it and interpret it reflects on how they approach sustainable development problems and solutions. The ambiguous nature also translates to lacking specificity, not defining who should do what and responsibilities are shifted to others. Not much can be achieved in such situations.
One positive this about the Brundtland Report is that it attempted to “reconcile economic growth with environmental protection and not view them as tradeoffs since one is not possible without the other” (Axelrod et al, 2011). This report considered the division between the Global North (forgoing some comfort) and South (readjusting aspirations). It hoped to open up discussions on finding a middle ground of compromise since both the rich and poor countries had to change consumption patterns eventually regardless of the dispute. This allowed for the possibility of bringing more people to the table of key negotiations (leave no one behind) especially the global south to clear any doubt of it being another colonization agenda Whether this has been successful, remains a heated debate because there will always be someone who will be left out and there will be winners and losers.
The Brundtland report was focused on development being the end goal. Screams “Anthropocentric” but i would argue that as long as human elements are involved there will be an anthropocentric undertone (same goes for Circular/ Green Economy). So, maybe Anthropocentric as a term is not exactly evil in every context. Development within the frame of the Brundtland definition means improving human social conditions, health, education, economy, prosperity within environmental limits (balance between demand and the environment). Balance refers to intergenerational equity translates to the state of equilibrium between human contentment and appropriate environmental limits (Hueting & Reijnders, 1998). This has reduced the meaning of being focused on meeting human needs ahead of environmental limits and intergenerational equity. (Meadowcroft, 2017).
Prioritizing human basic needs becomes the only path to achieving progress and a path for preserving the environment. Being focused on human needs translates to growing the economy and pursuing high GDP, the trickle-down economics language. Then, we would count all the things in the economy with value by building capital. Remember that, capital in economics is a stock of goods with the ability (use, value or function) to produce further goods. This definition implies that environmental capital is the possible function and uses of environmental resources (renewable and nonrenewable). Environmental capital also includes negative values such as pollution, contamination, and desertification. (Hueting & Reijnders, 1998; El Serafy, 1991). The Brundtland definition implies that “societal development trajectories” are tied to what economic value means in economics, the root of many theories on growth, only what is termed valuable, measurable counts (Meadowcroft,2017). People will pay only what gives them value but can a price be put on the ability of environmental resources? Should environmental capital be seen as an equivalent of economic capital in measurement?
The focus on the limits of technology and human capacity meant that more should be done in these areas to solve environmental problems in the face of dwindling resources. If only we had the right technology with sufficient human capacity, then we can have things like substitutes for diminishing non-renewable resources and better manage renewable resources. Well, the critics of the green economy, decoupling and the concept of net zero
will have you thinking twice about your stand. At the other end of the spectrum is the place of those with power and resources to constantly push the narrative and accord the “beloved” concept the global presence it enjoys. We find ourselves embracing concepts/buzz words like this and using them without questioning how it fits within our lived experiences. But who is really asking? is it important?
The Sustainable Development Goals
The 17 interlinked Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were globally endorsed in 2015 by the United Nations General Assembly and designed to be a “blueprint to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all”. 17 goals 169 targets, 232 indicators. Developed after the end the Millennium Development Goals which ended in 2015. Since we at least know (even though not all will agree) that the most used definition of sustainable development is already flawed, then we can do more to manage targets and indicators better. As a fan of the SDGs, understanding the limitations of the concept keeps me enlightened and helps me to avoid the urge of jumping on project bandwagons because “sustainable development” is mentioned as the goal of the project. It helps me to approach collaborations beyond my disciplines to accommodate others. It is a deliberate and constant learning experience for me. Reflecting on the flaws of the concept also enables me to pay attention to how problems are defined, who is left out (at the very least, since we cannot carry everyone along 100 percent), and how solutions are designed.大家知道胎盘早剥这种疾病吗?通俗地说，就是孕妇出现胎盘剥离的现象。众所周知，疾病在一定程度上对人体都是有伤害的。那么，胎盘早剥有什么严重的后果呢?如何预防胎盘早剥?胎盘早剥极有可能引发大出血，危及产妇生命。胎盘剥落的面积越大，孕妇越容易出现大出血，且难以阻止，最后会危及孕妇的生命安全。 此外，胎盘早剥还会影响胎儿发育及生命。如果出现胎盘早剥现象，那么就会阻碍母体对胎儿的供给，如果没有及时治疗，氧气和必需的营养长时间得不到补充，会致使胎儿发育不全，甚至导致死胎、早产等现象。 那么，应该如何预防胎盘早剥呢? 1.预防妊娠高血压综合症。孕妇在怀孕中后期易出现妊娠高血压综合征，可能会致使胎盘早剥。一旦孕妇有水肿、蛋白尿和高血压状况，要尽早去医院诊治。 2.妊娠晚期要小心突然腹痛。在怀孕过程中尤其是怀孕晚期，如果有突发性腹痛以及阴道出血等情况应即刻就医。如果发现胎盘脱落现象就要停止妊娠，最好在胎盘早剥后六个小时内完成生产。 3.孕期尤其是孕晚期注意安全。孕期走路要小心，尤其是上下台阶时。不去人多拥挤的地方，尽量不坐公交车，以防出现摔倒等意外情况。News release from City of Fort Wayne Animal Care & Control:
Hot weather reminders for pet owners
(May 23, 2018) – With temperatures on the rise, Fort Wayne Animal Care & Control wants to remind pet owners to pay extra attention to provisions for their animals. Animals cannot regulate their body temperature like humans and the warm weather can cause them to become ill very quickly. In some cases exposure to high temperatures, high humidity and inadequate ventilation can cause death.
- Do not leave any animal in a parked car, even with the windows open! Already this month, Animal Control Officers have responded to more than 28 calls of animals left in cars.
- When possible, bring pets into an air-conditioned area of your home; fans are helpful where air-conditioning is unavailable.
- For animals outside, provide a shady, sheltered place to rest and quantities of fresh water in containers that cannot be tipped and spilled.
- Be aware of the sun movement through the day if your animal is outside and you are leaving for work. Shade must be available all day as well as proper food, water & shelter.
- Change drinking water often. Dirty water breeds bacteria and attracts flies and mosquitoes. The larvae from mosquitoes can cause heartworm in dogs and cats.
- Take measures to prevent fly bites, fleas, ticks and parvovirus.
- Schedule walks with your dog during the early morning or late evening, taking special care with older dogs, young puppies, and dogs with short noses.
- Parents are urged not to allow children to exercise a dog while the child is riding a bicycle or skating. The dog may get over heated and children won’t know when to stop
- Whenever taking your pet on an outing, never leave your pet inside the car and carry plenty of cool water for the pet to drink and have water that can be used to wet down your dog’s body.
- If an animal is panting excessively, or vomiting, or having difficulty walking in extreme heat, it may be suffering from heat stroke. If you suspect an animal is in trouble, move the animal to a cool place out of the direct sun and use cool water to lower its body temperature. Contact a veterinarian right away
Report signs of animal neglect to Animal Care & Control immediately by calling 427-1244. Any animal that is found by the shelter to be left in conditions that pose an immediate health hazard to the animal will be taken directly to Animal Care & Control for its safety.咸丰三年（1853）十一月，江忠源被太平军围困在庐州，弹尽粮绝，情况万分危急。江忠源写信向曾国藩求救，咸丰皇帝也诏令曾国藩迅速出兵。可是，曾国藩按兵不动。他的
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sprey kutusunu 3 dakika kadar çalkala, sonra sprey başlığını ve tornavida ile emniyet halkasını çıkar. Sprey kutusunu 25 santimetrelik bir mesafeden tutarak hiç ara vermeden soldan sağa, sonra da aşağıdan yukarıya hareketlerle çalışmanı öneririz. Spreyleme işleminin dozajını en iyi bu şekilde ayarlayabilirsin. Mükemmel spreylemenin nasıl yapılacağına ilişkin önemli önerilerimizi Spray 1x1 bağlantısında bulabilirsin.
Aşama 3
Boyayı yaklaşık 30 dakika kurumaya bırak. Şimdi rafın üst yüzeyi pastel pembeye boyanacak. Bunun için önce rafın kenarlarını ve alt yüzeyini yapışkanlı folyo ile dikkatle kapatman gerek. Folyoyu kuvvetlice bastırarak yüzeye iyice yapışmasını sağla. Böylece sprey boyanın istemediğin yerlere ulaşmasını engellersin.
Aşama 4
Pastel pembe sprey kutusunu iyice çalkala, emniyet halkasını çıkar ve sprey boyayı raf yüzeyine uygula. Boya 30 dakika kadar kurumaya bırakılmalıdır, folyo bundan sonra çıkarılmalıdır.
Aşama 5
En son raf ayaklarını istediğin renge boya. Pembe tonlarına en yakışan renk şampanya sarısıdır. Yeniden yarattığın raf böylece çok şık bir görünüm alır.
Products and materials
Other materials
- Askılı raf (ahşaptan, plastikten veya benzeri malzemeden)
- Spreyleme işlemi için altlık olarak kullanacağın plastik örtü
- Kenarları yapışkanlı folyo
- Eldiven ve gerekiyorsa maske
- Emniyet halkasını çıkarmak için tornavida
- Makas
Ek imajlar
Benzeri fikirler
edding tebeşir kalemleri: Cam ve pürüzsüz yüzeylerde her mevsime ve etkinliğe göre yaratıcılık
İlham veren, yaratıcı tasarım ve elişi fikirleri ile en yeni ürünlerimizin bilgilerini ve cazip tekliflerimizi bulacağın bültenimize abone ol.Landmark ruling says Kenya tribe’s eviction for nature reserve illegal
|Members of the Endorois tribe, Kenya. |
© Minority Rights Group International (MRG)
The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights has recommended that the Endorois tribe in Kenya be given back its land, after they were evicted from it to make way for a nature reserve in the 1970s.
Kipsan Kipkazi, of the Endorois Welfare Council, said, ‘We are delighted that the African Commission has recognised the wrong that was done decades ago.’ The ruling comes after a legal battle between the government of Kenya and the Endorois tribe, supported by Minority Rights Group and the Centre for Minority Rights Development in Kenya.
The Endorois are a semi-nomadic tribe who herded cattle and goats through Kenya’s Rift Valley for centuries. In the early 1970s they were forced from their land, to create the Lake Bogoria National Reserve. The Reserve is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Indigenous land rights are not widely recognised in Africa, and this is the first time that the African Commission has upheld these rights. The ruling recommends that the Endorois be granted ‘unrestricted access’ to Lake Bogoria, royalties from existing economic activities in the area (mostly tourism), and the right of ownership and full restitution of their ancestral land.
In another part of Kenya, the Ogiek tribe are seeking to ensure their rights over the Mau forest are not ignored as the government attempts to deal with the severe environmental degradation caused by deforestation and settlement by outsiders. Kenya’s Prime Minister Raila Odinga has said no Ogiek will be evicted, and the Ogiek are cautiously hopeful that he will keep his word.
- Brazil: campaigners welcome court rulings in favor of indigenous land rights August 17, 2017
- Kalahari Bushmen appeal to Dalai Lama August 11, 2017
- Historic ruling set to decide future of Brazilian tribes August 11, 2017
- Guard’s arrest backs up tribals’ claim that many Kaziranga “poachers” were innocent August 10, 2017Contratto autonomo di garanzia e fideiussione - Differenze
In cosa si distingue un contratto autonomo di garanzia dalla fideiussione? Il carattere distintivo del contratto autonomo di garanzia è costituito dall'assenza dell'elemento dell'accessorietà; nel contratto autonomo di garanzia il garante non ha facoltà di opporre al creditore le eccezioni spettanti al debitore principale, in deroga alla regola essenziale posta per la fideiussione; inoltre, nel contratto autonomo di garanzia è precluso al debitore di chiedere che il garante opponga al creditore garantito le eccezioni nascenti dal rapporto principale.
In pratica, nel contratto autonomo di garanzia, il garante si impegna a pagare, in favore del creditore ed a sua semplice richiesta, una somma, rinunciando a far valere qualsiasi eccezione relativa alla esistenza e validità del rapporto fondamentale tra creditore garantito e debitore principale, cui il garante resta sostanzialmente estraneo.
Pertanto, la previsione contrattuale dell'obbligo del garante di pagare “a semplice richiesta” o “a prima richiesta” del creditore si riferisce ad una forma di garanzia svincolata dal rapporto garantito (e quindi autonoma), conformemente a quanto espresso la Corte di cassazione a sezioni unite nella sentenza 3947/10.
Si è di fronte, ad esempio, ad un contratto autonomo di garanzia se è posto a carico del garante l'obbligo di pagare entro trenta giorni dal ricevimento della richiesta scritta del creditore, in assenza della prova dell'inadempimento del debitore principale, e con l'espressa rinuncia a proporre qualsiasi eccezione. Tale pattuizione, infatti, si configura come una deroga al principio dell'accessorietà dell'obbligazione fideiussoria.
Queste le indicazioni fornite dai giudici della Corte di cassazione nella sentenza 16213/15.
3 agosto 2015 · Lilla De Angelis
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Stai leggendo Contratto autonomo di garanzia e fideiussione - Differenze • Autore Lilla De Angelis- A 01. سئوالات متداول
- A 02. پروفایل ها + نمودارها + داده ها
- A 03. ابزارهای کاربری
- A 04. اخبار و گزارش ها
- A 05. نسخه ها و زبان ها
- A 06. سامانه پشتیبانی
- A 07. سامانه فروش ( فروشگاه )
- A 08. سامانه تکنیکال
- A 09. سامانه گفت و گو کاربران
- A 10. سامانه سنگ ها
- A 11. شاخص های اقتصادی
- A 12. صرافی ها
- A 13. کالایاب
- A 14. درج آگهی
- A 15. وب سرویس
- A 16. انجمن ها
- A 17. آرشیو ها
- A 18. تقویم ها
- A 19. مبدل ها
- A 20. جستجوگرها
- A 21. محاسبه گرها
- A 22. پایش گرها
- A 23. ابزار وبمستر/ بازنشر
- A 24. دانشگاه طلا و جواهر
- A 25. روش های تماس
- A 26. اپلیکیشن ها + ربات ها + کانال ها
- B 01. سئوالات متداول قیمت ها
- B 02. بازار ارز
- B 03. بازار طلا
- B 04. بازار سکه
- B 05. بازار بورس
- B 06. بازارهای آتی / مفاهیم
- B 07. بازارهای آتی / معاملات
- B 08. بازارهای کالایی
- C 01. سئوالات متداول بازار جهانی
- C 02 . بازارهای ارزی
- C 03. بازارهای کالایی
- C 04. بازارهای سهام
- C 05. بازار اوراق قرضه
- C 06. صندوق های سرمایه گذاری
- C 07. صندوق های معاملاتی
- C 08. بازار ارزهای دیجیتال/معرفی
- C 09. بازار ارزهای دیجیتال/آموزش
- D 01. مفاهیم پایه بازارهای مالی
- D 02. مفاهیم پایه اقتصاد
- D 03. مفاهیم پایه بانکی
- D 04. مفاهیم پایه بورس
- D 05. مفاهیم پایه معاملات
- D 06. مفاهیم پایه تجارت
- E 01. انواع نمودارها
- E 02. سطوح حمایت و مقاومت
- E 03. روندها و ترندها
- E 04. میانگین متحرک
- E 05. آموزش الگوهای قیمتی
- E 06. کاربرد الگوهای قیمتی
- E 07. خطوط پیوت و کاماریلا
- E 08. فیبوناچی
- F 01. اسیلاتورها
- F 02. اندیکاتورها
- F 03. استراتژی های معاملاتی
- F 04. تحلیل بنیادی
- F 05. تحلیل تکنیکال
- F 06. آموزش پرایس اکشن
- F 07. کاربرد پرایس اکشن
- F 08. امواج الیوت
- F 09. نرم افزارهای معاملاتی
- F 10. روان شناسی معاملات
- F 11. اشتباهات معاملگران مبتدی
- G 01. پرداخت ارزی
- G 02. سوییفت
- G 03. پی پال
- G 04. ویزاکارت و مسترکارت
- H 01. برترین برندها
- H 02. برلیان
- H 03. طلا و نقره
- H 04. سکه و ارز
- H 05. جواهر و ساعت
- H 06. سنگ ها و کانی ها
- H 07. معادن طلا
- H 08. طراحی جواهر
- H 09. مشاور تولید
- H 10. مشاور خرید
- H 11. شریعت و طلا
- H 12. رکوردها
- به تفکیک الفبای انگلیسی
- به تفکیک الفبای فارسی
H 07. معادن طلا
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اثرات معادن طلا بر روي محيط زيست- آزاد سازى مواد سمى :
فلزات بخش عمده اى از وجود انسان را تشكيل مى دهند (بخش آهنى خون) و كمبود و يا ازدياد برخى از آنها مى تواند سبب بسيارى از بيماريها گردد (كم خونى ، راشيتيسم ، گرفتگىعضلانى ،پوكى استخوان، ناتوانى جنسى و … ) در مقابل برخى از فلزات حتى با تراكم هاى بسيار پايين نيز كشنده و مضر براى سلامتى بشر مى باشند مانند سرب و جيوه و كادميم وشبه فلزاتى ارسنيك و آنتيموان و…
بسيارى از ذخاير سولفيدى چند فلزى حاوى مقادير قابل توجهى آنتيموان ،ارسنيك ، كادميم ،جيوه و … هستند كه نمونه آن را در معادن طلا رگه ايى توان مشاهده نمودبراى مثال يك نوع يا تيپ از ذخاير اصلى طلا ذخاير تيپ كارلين بوده كه در آن پيريت فراوان ترين سولفيد است كه معمولا با سولفيد هاى ارسنيك و آنتيموان و جيوه همراه است.
در ايران اكثر ذخاير طلا بصورت سولفيدى بوده براى مثال ذخاير معدن طلا ارغش داراى مقادير فراوانى ارسنيك و آنتيموان همراه با جيوه و سرب و بيسموت مى باشند كه همگى از عناصر سمى محسوب مى شوند.
بنابراين حتى باطله هاى اين معادن نيز بسيار سمى بوده و با در معرض انحلال قرارگرفتن آنها خطر آلودگى كل منطقه وجود دارد علاوه بر موارد فوق به سبب استفاده از روش سيانوراسيون براى استحصال طلا در اكثر معادن ايران علاوه بر سيانور شاهد آزاد سازى اسيد در محيط مى باشيم (خوشبختانه سيانور در معرض تشعشعات ماوراى بنفش خاصيت سمى بودنش را از دست ميدهد) با توجه به اين موارد بررسى دقيق آثار زيانبار مواد سمى يكى از اساسى ترين مطالعات سازمان در بررسى هاى زمين شناسى زيست محيطى معادن مى باشد.
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استخراج طلا از کامپیوتر!قطعاً کار هر کسی نیست اما با قدری حوصله و دانش شیمی میتواند از کامپیوتر هم طلا گرفت!در ساخت بسیاری از قطعات الکترونیکی از طلا استفاده میشود، البته مقدار این فلز به قدری ناچیز است که قیمت محصولات بالا نرود، اما این مقدار ناچیز هم وقتی صحبت از بازیافت میلیونها قطعه الکترونیکی باشد با ارزش میشود و شرکتهای که تخصصشان استخراج طلا از کامپیوتر است را به کار میاندازد.
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انديس شمال بردسکن- موقعيت جغرافيايي:
محدوده ياد شده در فاصله 15 کيلومتري شمال بردسکن واقع شده و جاده بردسکن به سبزوار از شرق آن عبور مي کند. اين محدوده توپوگرافي ملايمي داشته و عمدتاً از تپه ماهورها و کوههاي نسبتاً کم ارتفاعي تشکيل گرديده است.
- زمين شناسي :
از نظر زمين شناسي بخش اعظم محدوده مورد مطالعه از سازند تکنار (کامبرين) مشتمل بر شيست هاي سبز با منشأ توف همراه با لايه هايي از متاريوداسيت و متاريوليت تشکيل شده که ضخامت زيادي داشته و دگرگوني بسيار ضعيفي را متحملشده است.
رخنمون هاي نسبتاً وسيعي از سنگهاي گرانوديوريتي(پرکامبرين) و گرانيتي(ترشيري) در غرب محدوده مورد مطالعه مشاهده مي شوند که به داخل سازند تکنار نفوذ کرده اند.علاوه بر اينها رخنمون هاي کوچکي از سنگهاي آهکي کرتاسه، کنگلومراي کرمان (پال
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相关链接：Il crypto exchange Coinbase, con sede negli Stati Uniti, sta espandendo le sue operazioni a Singapore dopo aver ottenuto un'importante approvazione da parte della banca centrale del Paese.
Coinbase ha ottenuto la licenza di "Major Payment Institution" (MPI) dalla Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS), ha annunciato il 1° Ottobre. La nuova licenza — che arriva un anno dopo l'approvazione iniziale di Coinbase a Singapore — consente all'azienda di espandere i servizi di pagamento digitale con token a privati e istituzioni del Paese.
Secondo la MAS, le aziende con licenza MPI sono autorizzate a svolgere servizi di pagamento senza essere soggette ai limiti di transazione pari a 3 milioni di dollari di Singapore (2,2 milioni di dollari). Le società autorizzate sono inoltre esenti dal limite di 6 milioni di SG$ (4,4 milioni di dollari) per le transazioni mensili relative a due o più servizi di pagamento diversi dall'emissione di e-money account e dai servizi di cambio valuta.
La nuova licenza "non è solo una convalida delle operazioni di Coinbase", ma rappresenta anche una responsabilità nei confronti della crescente community crypto e Web3 di Singapore, ha dichiarato l'azienda nell'annuncio.
Coinbase ha sviluppato attivamente prodotti e servizi pensati appositamente per Singapore, lanciando PayNow e i trasferimenti bancari FAST nel Marzo 2023. Inoltre ha integrato SingPass, il servizio di identità digitale di Singapore, per semplificare l'onboarding. Infine, Coinbase ha collaborato con le principali aziende locali di blockchain, tra cui Nansen.ai, Blockdaemon e Infura, per espandere i suoi prodotti come Base blockchain e wallet-as-a-service.
"Fin dal nostro ingresso nella Città del Leone, abbiamo identificato Singapore come un mercato vitale per Coinbase", ha dichiarato l'exchange, sottolineando che nel suo recente sondaggio più del 30% dei singaporiani è risultato essere proprietario attuale o passato di criptovalute. L'annuncio ha aggiunto:
"Singapore è diventata naturalmente una sede importante per questo settore. Inoltre, Singapore è sede di oltre 700 aziende Web3, il che la rende un mercato cardine per la crescita della criptoeconomia e dell'economia Web3."
Coinbase non ha risposto immediatamente alla richiesta di commento di Cointelegraph.
Come riportato in precedenza, le più importanti società di criptovalute del mondo stanno ottenendo sempre più spesso la licenza MPI di Singapore. Blockchain.com, provider di dati e wallet cripto, è diventata la dodicesima società a ricevere la licenza ad Agosto 2023. Anche Circle, l'emittente di stablecoin USD Coin (USDC), ha ricevuto la licenza MPI nel Giugno 2023, dopo il crypto exchange Crypto.com.
Traduzione a cura di Matteo Carrone8月10日，彭博社公布了 2019全球最富有的 25个家族名单。这些家族控制着全球超过 1.4万亿美元的财富，与去年同期相比增长了约 24%。
美国零售巨头沃尔玛 （Walmart Inc.）的创始家族 Walton 家族以合计 1905亿美元的财富再次位列榜单第一位。彭博数据显示，Walton 家族的财富正在以每分钟 7万美元、每小时 400万美元，每天 1亿美元的速度增长。
德芙巧克力、M&M 豆的生产商玛氏集团（Mars）、科氏工业集团（Koch Industries）的家族所有人分别以 1265亿美元和 1245亿美元的财富居于榜单第二、第三。
值得注意的是，掌管法国奢侈品牌 Chanel（香奈儿）和 Hermès（爱马仕）的 Wertheimer 家族与 Dumas 家族分别以 576亿美元和 531亿美 …以高达120多公里的时速在蜿蜒的冰冻赛道中，采用俯卧头朝前的姿态飞速滑行，需要克服离心力和失重感的不适，在仅50秒左右的时间里下降约40层楼（116米）的垂直落差，滑过近1.4公里长的赛道，这就是第十四届全国冬季运动会正式比赛项目——钢架雪车。
钢架雪车，英文Skeleton，又称无舵雪车、俯式冰撬，是在传统的雪车的基础上延伸出来的一种运动项目。19世纪发源于瑞士山区的小城圣莫里茨。在1884年这里举行了第一次钢架雪车俯式冰橇比赛。钢架雪车曾于1928年和1948年瑞士圣莫里茨冬奥会上进行过比赛。钢架雪车由于速度极快，又头部朝下，危险性极高，曾一度离开冬奥会，直到2002年盐湖城举行的冬季奥运会，钢架雪车才重新回归冬奥会，成为正式比赛项目。
钢架雪车比赛所用的赛道与雪橇相同，不同的是比赛使用的雪橇和滑行的姿势，选手俯身躺在雪车上，头朝前脚在后。目前，冬奥会俯式冰撬比赛共设男子单人座和女子单人座2个小项。提到中国钢架雪车运动的发展不得不提到耿文强这个名字。在耿文强一战成名之前，钢架雪车在中国还属于一片空白，甚至很多冬季运动从业者人都是首次知道这个项目。欧美选手在过去一直占领着主角的位置，该项目在中国的起步虽然很晚，但近两年中国选手的竞技水平提升速度非常快。
1995年生的耿文强是土生土长的内蒙古人，2006年他开始练习跳远，师从奈曼体校王海青教练门下。5年后就被内蒙古田径队选中，开始正式走上田径之路。2015年的内蒙古自治区第十届大学生运动会上，他在男子甲组超级组跳远决赛中以7.39米的优异成绩打破了内蒙古自治区大运会跳远记录荣获冠军。也是这一年，国家钢架雪车队到内蒙古挑选队员，耿文强被领队一眼看中，从此他正式成为了国家钢架雪车队的一员。
因为训练刻苦，成立优异，耿文强被选为中国钢架雪车队队长，2015年11月踏上出国训练的首站加拿大卡尔加里，之后又到了德国国王湖训练。2016年1月在瑞士圣莫里兹钢架雪车国际邀请赛中他获得铜牌，填补了我国在该项目上奖牌的空白。同年11月在德国钢架雪车洲际杯比赛中他又获得铜牌，被提名cctv5+冰雪项目最佳突破奖。
2018年2月16日，在平昌冬奥会钢架雪车比赛中，中国选手耿文强以总成绩3分24秒65获得第13名。耿文强完成中国选手在该项目冬奥会首秀，不仅晋级决赛，而且还拿到了第13名的好成绩。对于23岁的耿文强来说，即将到来的2022年北京冬奥会，将是他率领中国钢架雪车军团，摘金夺银的战场。
作为第一位登上钢架雪车奥运舞台的中国队选手，耿文强让世界见证了中国速度，书写了中国代表团冬奥历史的崭新一页。更难可能可贵的是，耿文强从田径转向冰雪项目后训练时间十分有限。仅仅2年的时间，他就能在国际赛上获得奖牌，并闯进冬奥会的比赛，耿文强的勇气和拼搏值得肯定。
关于梦想，耿文强从未向外界透露过。他只是说，没实现前，追梦人的脚步就不能停歇，这个梦想会一直伴随着他的钢架雪车生涯，与钢架雪车队共筑梦。
为了备战北京2022冬奥会，目前国家雪车队都长时间在德国、加拿大等滑行运动发达的国家驻训。根据此前北京2022冬奥组委的公开信息，已经开建的延庆雪橇雪车中心有望在2019-2020雪季前竣工。在2020年第十四届全国冬季运动会上，我们将有机会一起感受钢架雪车这项运动的魅力，同时一睹中国钢架雪车第一人——耿文强的风采。
足球频道特别推出《冬运·冬韵》特别栏目，目的是展示我国冰雪运动发展，激发全民健身，推动3亿人参与冰雪运动。每周日推出《冬运·冬韵》系列节目。TESOL Sertifikası Hakkında Bilmeniz Gerekenler
TESOL sertifikası, dünya genelinde İngilizce öğretme becerinizi onaylayan bir belgedir. Ancak, bu sertifikayı almak ve kullanmak hakkında ne bilmeliyiz? İşte TESOL sertifikası hakkında bilmeniz gereken her şey.
TESOL Sertifikası Nedir?
TESOL, “Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages” yani “Diğer Dilleri Konuşanlara İngilizce Öğretme” anlamına gelir. Bu sertifika, İngilizce öğretme yeteneğinizi kanıtlar ve dünya genelinde kabul görür. Sertifikayı alabilmek için belirli bir eğitim seviyesi ve İngilizce dil becerisi gereklidir.
TESOL Sertifikasının Önemi
TESOL sertifikası, İngilizce öğretmenliği konusunda küresel bir standarttır. Bu belge, bir öğretmenin öğrencilerin dil öğrenme ihtiyaçlarını karşılayabilecek uygun eğitim stratejilerini ve teknikleri bilmekte olduğunu kanıtlar. Ayrıca, İngilizce öğretmenliği alanında profesyonel bir yeterlilik göstergesi olarak kabul edilir.
TESOL Sertifikasının Avantajları
TESOL sertifikası, size bir dizi iş fırsatı sunar. Bu sertifikayı taşıyan bir öğretmen olarak, yerel ve uluslararası okullar, dil kursları, üniversiteler ve online eğitim platformlarında iş bulabilirsiniz. Ayrıca, TESOL sertifikası olan öğretmenler genellikle daha yüksek maaş ve daha iyi iş koşulları elde ederler.
TESOL Sertifikası Nasıl Alınır?
TESOL sertifikası almak için kurs süreci, ödevlendirmeler ve değerlendirmeler gibi bir dizi adımı takip etmeniz gerekmektedir.
TESOL Sertifikası Alma Süreci
TESOL sertifikası almak genellikle birkaç ay süren bir süreçtir. Bu süre zarfında, bir dizi kursu tamamlamanız, birçok farklı öğretme tekniğini öğrenmeniz ve genellikle bir sınavda başarılı olmanız gerekecektir.
TESOL Sertifikası İçin Gerekli Şartlar
TESOL sertifikası almak için genellikle bir lisans derecesi ve yeterli düzeyde İngilizce dil becerisine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bazı programlar, lisans derecesi yerine yükseköğretim diploması kabul etse de, genellikle bir üniversite derecesi tercih edilmektedir.
TESOL Sertifikası ile Hangi İşleri Yapabilirim?
TESOL sertifikası, yurdışında ya da kendi ülkenizde çevrimiçi İngilizce öğretmenliği, müfredat hazırlama ve İngilizce dil öğrenim danışmanlığı gibi alanlarda bir çok çeşitli iş olanakları sunar.
TESOL Sertifikalı İş Olanakları
TESOL sertifikası olan biri olarak, hem Türkiye’de hem de yurtdışında birçok farklı türde iş bulabilirsiniz. Örneğin, özel okullarda, dil kurslarında, üniversitelerde ve çevrimiçi eğitim platformlarında İngilizce öğretme fırsatları bulabilirsiniz.
TESOL Sertifikası ile İlgili Genel Yanılgılar
Bir TESOL sertifikası sadece yurtdışında çalışmayı planlayan öğretmenler için değildir. Aslında, Türkiye’deki birçok okul ve dil kursu da bu sertifikayı tercih etmektedir. Bununla birlikte, sertifikayı almak için İngilizcenin ana diliniz olması gerekmez.
TESOL Sertifikası Kimlere Uygundur?
TESOL sertifikası, İngilizce öğretmeni olmayı hedefleyenler, halihazırda öğretmenler olanlar, kariyer değişikliği yapmak isteyenler, yeni mezunlar, yurtdışında öğretmenlik yapmak isteyenler gibi bir çok çeşitli geçmişlere ve yaş gruplarına sahip kişilere uygundur.
TESOL Sertifikasının İdeal Adayları
TESOL sertifikası almayı düşünen ideal adaylar arasında yeni mezunlar, kariyer değiştirmek isteyen yetişkinler ve İngilizce öğretme konusunda tutkulu olanlar bulunmaktadır. Sertifika, İngilizce öğretmenliği alanında kariyer yapmak isteyen herkese açıktır.
TESOL Sertifikasının Kazanımları
TESOL sertifikası, size küresel iş olanakları, daha yüksek maaş potansiyeli ve kişisel tatmin gibi birçok fayda sunar. Ayrıca, bu sertifika ile dil eğitimi alanında kendinizi daha fazla geliştirebilir ve öğrencilerinize daha etkili öğretim teknikleri sunabilirsiniz.
Sonuç
TESOL sertifikası, İngilizce öğretmenliği alanında geniş bir yelpazede iş fırsatları sunar. Bu belgeyi almak, İngilizce öğretmeni olarak profesyonel yeterliliklerinizi kanıtlamak ve dünya genelinde iş fırsatları bulmak için önemli bir adımdır.
Sıkça Sorulan Sorular
- TESOL sertifikası ne kadar sürede alınır?
- TESOL sertifikası almak genellikle birkaç ay süren bir süreçtir. Ancak, bu süre programın yoğunluğuna ve kişinin öğrenme hızına bağlı olarak değişebilir.
- TESOL sertifikası almak için hangi şartları karşılamam gerekiyor?
- Genellikle bir lisans derecesi ve yeterli düzeyde İngilizce dil becerisi gereklidir. Ancak, bazı programlar daha az şartlarla da kabul edebilir.
- TESOL sertifikası ile hangi ülkelerde çalışabilirim?
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之后会给这几个犯人一瓶酒、一点猪头肉吃。而这些抬尸体的犯人慢慢的尝到了甜头，没有那么多死人怎么办？他们于是就在病人身上动开了心思，开始动手害人，开始是找那些卧床不起的下手：饿饭、浇凉水、或者毒打，后来觉的麻烦，直接喂药。基本上没人能在他们手里挺过三天。最后重病人死完了，他们又在其他病人身上作开了文章，先是在人的饭里下泻药，等到人拉到严重的时候他们就会去“护理”，继续喂泻药，等到病人完全不能动，拉到身上、床铺都是，他们就要给病人洗澡，四个人抬着被害人的双手双脚，到了水房往地上一丢，人往往会滑出几米远，用凉水管猛冲，然后把行李撤掉，睡光板床。冬天时会把窗户打开吹冷风。只给吃泻药，不给吃饭喝水，碰上体质强的就先浇凉水后浇开水，如此冷热交替，在他们的“精心护理”下，一个活蹦乱跳的人最多五天就会一命呜呼。这时这些恶人就会通知那些警察死人了，警察一看人已经死彻底了，就告诉把氧气打上，吊针挂上，然后向上报告，接着就是通知家属：某某人因为某某病，经过全力抢救无效死亡，属于正常死亡，让家人来收尸，而很多时候监狱就自行处理了。那些杀人的凶手就会得到酒肉。一条鲜活的生命就这样痛苦的死去，仅仅满足了几个人的一时的口腹之欲。这就是共产邪党统治下的所谓“人性化”的监狱一条人命的代价，只值一瓶廉价的白酒外加半斤猪头肉。
以前老残监区有四大杀手（犯人），他们中最少的也有四、五条人命。这几个杀手没事就挨个房溜达，看谁不顺眼就会告诉他：我这几天要喝你！意思就是要害死这个人换酒喝。这等于被判了死刑。用不了几天，这人就会变成杀手口中的酒肉。而那些警察对此完全听之任之，默许，他们乐得看那些杀手害人，把这当成一种消遣和刺激。
尤其医院监区老残队，因为不能为监狱利用赚钱，被视为监狱的累赘，所以有意纵容犯人彼此间的相互残害，手段残忍，每年都会非正常死人。
监狱严管队是恶警迫害法轮功学员的主要场所。严管队分为两部份：一边是集训；一边是禁闭。
所谓集训就是逼人从早到晚坐在凳子上，背诵所谓的行为规范。现在坐的是那种长条凳子，以前就是两只宽的小木条，目的就是折磨人。
禁闭是把人关进小黑屋，与外界彻底隔绝。禁闭室共有十一间，分为九个小间，每间关押一到两人，两个大间，关押四人以上。禁闭室阴冷潮湿，暗无天日，只有一个二十公分的小窗口在吃饭时才会打开。这里夏天热的象蒸笼，冬天则滴水成冰，穿着棉袄棉裤还冻的瑟瑟发抖。
严管队折磨人的最主要方法就是饿饭，每顿只给二两左右的玉米糊，有时还掺上凉水，如果有什么异议或者稍有反抗，那么马上就会被戴上手铐脚镣，再严重点就会被抻起来：两只手分别铐在两边拉成一字型，一天下来，人的两只手臂会肿的老粗，丧失活动能力，可是这里一抻就是四五天，直到你告饶为止。
所有法轮功学员都被严管队关过，有的多达十次以上，时间短的是十五天，长的三个月，有时被押了两、三个月，刚刚放出去，随后又被关进来。
对绝食的法轮功学员，恶警手段更为残忍，四、五个人按住手脚，进行鼻饲插管就是把很粗很长的胶皮管从鼻孔插进，一直插到胃部，食道与胃都会被插伤出血，这种情况很容易发生食物误入气管造成窒息死亡，所以恶警往往先打好死亡报告，如果发生意外，在报告上一签字就成了正常死亡。
法轮功学员遭迫害案例
对法轮功学员的迫害，在恶警的指使下肆无忌惮的发生着。法轮功学员遵循“真、善、忍”做好人的人，被关进最黑暗的地方，所遭受的不止是不公，而是最为残酷的迫害。
法轮功学员李新良，因在狱中炼功被打三次，有一次被打的不能翻身。
法轮功学员曾庆涛，丹东人，毕业于北京财经大学，三十四、五岁，曾经连续四天不让睡觉，并被吊、被打、被饿、被浇冷水、被挠脚心。曾庆涛一度被迫害的神智不清。
法轮功学员李怀良，二零零三年十一月被关在沈阳一监，恶警为逼迫李怀良写“三书”，指使恶犯王乾刚用大钢针刺扎李怀良的手指。
法轮功学员王树胜，二零零六年被加重迫害后，双耳听力严重下降，左手骨折。
法轮功学员孙永恒，二零零五年十一月在沈阳监狱城一监狱被关入小号，恶警“大象”用脚踩着孙永恒的头部，指使犯人用手铐铐住孙永恒，让他仅穿内衣，躺在冰冷的地砖上躺了长达数小时之久，当时气温零下十几度，导致孙永恒突发急性阑尾炎至生命垂危，被送进医院抢救。事后狱方造谣说孙永恒以前就有病，是自己没有讲，还打电话给家属要其有所表示，真是无耻至极。
法轮功学员宋育红，辽宁省营口市大石桥人，在狱中得法，二零零六年二月因法轮功学员王树胜被加重迫害，宋育红向监狱反映情况抗议此事，被非法关禁闭，在阴暗潮湿、两平方米的囚禁室禁闭长达三十余日，并被强行脱光衣服，受尽侮辱，后因监狱害怕此事败露而将宋育宏转至凌源监狱。
法轮功学员张德，二零零七年十二月末从瓦房店转到沈阳监狱城一监狱六监区，一次点名，一“管事犯人”认为张德没有坐端正，疯狂殴打他，张德软肋被踢伤，睾丸被踢肿。
七十多岁的兰姓大法学员，二零零二年十二月份左右被非法关押在原沈阳市第三监狱老残队，恶警指使外号叫大哑巴的犯人，对兰用冷水浇头，兰当时倒地，后致拉肚子，该监区恶警怕被曝光，把兰送第三监狱内医院，兰后被迫害致死。恶警对外谎称用了一万多元进行抢救。
原第三监狱老残队犯人王乾刚，现在沈阳监狱十二监区做杂役，曾参加过迫害兰的罪恶行径。
监狱恶警罪行
狱长牟家立，男，四十八岁，此人原是第三监狱的监狱长，合并后继续担任一监狱狱长，据说拥有硕士学历，有人说他是搞经济的高手，能力非凡。在零三年监狱合并之前，牟家立提前申请企业破产，把所有价值千万的设备变卖一空，如此一来，所有的债务、亏损全部由国家承担，而他本人一下子就从中捞取了几百万的好处。现在第三监狱二十多个监区，能够完成所谓经济指标的不超过三分之一，而且还经常通宵加班，同时还采用暴力使被奴役者产生恐惧，才能完成每人每月五百元的经济指标。而另外那些就更不行了，花几百万元建成的所谓现代化厂房，上千平米的大车间，要么闲置不用，要么一两百人在那里做手工艺，把大车间变成了小作坊。牟家立也曾搞过大一点的项目，这些项目没超过一年，全部夭折，牟家立平时一副道貌岸然的面孔，外表下包藏着的却是一颗贪婪的心。每年年底基层干部竞聘的时候，他都会大发其财，各种官职待价而沽，价高者得。
副狱长陈光，原是一监狱一监区长，此人性情残暴，零二年七月，在外役现场凶狠殴打一服刑犯人，打到服刑犯人躺倒在地仍不肯罢手，引起围观群众愤怒，继而义打陈光，陈光仓皇而逃。此后很久不敢到外役现场，群众之愤怒亦很久不去，还在打听此恶人之去向，欲再惩暴恶之徒。零六年下半年，陈光因庇护牢头狱霸被人举报至省监狱管理局，被查属实后反被升任至副监狱长之职，上任后，残暴对待服刑人员，对非法关押的法轮功学员更是肆无忌惮的迫害。
第三监狱刑罚处处长曲光，二零零二年至二零零三年十月份，他指使对所有被关押在小号的法轮功学员进行迫害，并对绝食的法轮功学员暴力灌盐水、豆粉，曾导致大法学员死亡。因当时恶警严密封锁消息，被迫害致死的大法弟子姓名、住址不详。二零零二年七月，恶警曲光和恶警“大象”指使犯人王维海、伍维君用硬塑料和水管抽法轮功学员。
公开的陷害
恶犯刘铁锋曾对他施以迫害的法轮功学员说：“你们法轮功讲善，善有什么用？共产党说你不好你就得不好。你们才有几张嘴？共产党的电视、报纸、广播，铺天盖地的，老百姓就信，假的也说成是真的了。二零零零年，三监一个犯人从五楼跳楼死了，政府说他炼法轮功走火入魔、炼法轮功精神失常了，犯人都得给政府出证。其实他根本就不是炼法轮功的，是因为奖分给的少，心里不平衡。他家里人知道是咋回事？他得恨法轮功！”
在这里，一切都被扭曲着，最为惨痛的是人们的心灵，他们所做的一切就是要把好人变成坏人，把坏人变成恶魔，这是他们最为歹毒的，而驱使他们所为的动力那就是利益，恶警可以因迫害法轮功而得到奖金，犯人可以为此减刑。共产恶党利用着人性中为私的一面把他们推向了地狱之门。
这里所了解到的不过是沈阳监狱城这座冰山之一角，在当今被中共恶党统治下的中国监狱里，还远不止于此，被这个邪党统治着的中国的人们，几乎每一位都是在一个大的邪恶的社会的监狱里，财产没有保障，生活没有保障、生命也没有保障。那些所谓为人民办事说话的各个政府职能部门不止是形同虚设，并且是作恶者的得力帮凶，人们没有说话的权利，抗议会被说成是闹事，上访会被投入监狱。清醒吧，国人，做真正的中华子孙，而不是中共恶党的囚徒与奴隶。
(English Translation: http://www.clearwisdom.net/emh/articles/2008/2/3/93981.html)为什么舞者要上芭蕾基训 芭蕾基训的优势
2022-08-25 11:35:51
客观地说，无论是在塑造体形还是训练人体机能方面，芭蕾的基本功训练是最科学的。
芭蕾从进入我国的第一天开始，就带有一套相对完整、科学的训练方法的，也是西方几百年的专业教学沉淀。正是因为芭蕾的正规训练体系，后来中国舞、国标舞等舞种的基本功训练中大量借鉴了芭蕾基训的方法
在地面练习的坐地勾脚背、盘腿压垮、不同位置的吸腿训练等动作，能在训练中逐渐打开舞者肩部和胯部的韧带，增强柔韧性，增强腿部和后背肌群的弹性和力量。
把上训练的压腿、擦地、半、全蹲、小踢腿和画圈等内容可以使得舞者的脊柱、臀部、脚踝和腿部充满力量
把下训练的手位和脚位练习，以及足尖、步伐、跳跃等训练，较高难度的复合动作，可以帮助舞者在动线中更好的整合身体，进一步提升舞蹈动能。
芭蕾基训中，臀腿、弹跳等和舞姿组合起来的综合练习，既能够训练身体的基本能力，同时也能够调整身体的基本姿态。所以，千万别抱怨，芭蕾基训无论对于哪种舞者来都是很重要的！所以，一定要好好练习芭蕾基训哦！KANCO EARLY CHILD DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
“Early Start Strong Foundation for Africa” (ESSFA)
While progress has been made, most governments still do not prioritize early childhood in their health, education, poverty reduction or
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育王的支持下，它广泛而迅速地传播开来。
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艺术历史学家经常使用皇家帝国为宗教物品，尤其是建筑，贴上标签或标注日期。然而，这通常是一个非生产性的方法，因为它是俗人也委托这些物品或皇室成员，而不是统治者自己。或者，如果是统治者，他通常以个人身份作为奉献者，或者有时是为了巩固宗教和政治。
阿育王的第一个艺术项目之一是建立柱子散布在整个帝国，有些上面还刻着法令。第一个柱子在16世纪被发现，这些法令在19世纪30年代被翻译。自17世纪以来，人们在岩石和岩壁上发现了150个阿索坎铭文，这些铭文和石柱一起，标志着他广阔的王国，这个王国横跨印度北部，向南一直延伸到德干高原中部，以及现在被称为尼泊尔、巴基斯坦、孟加拉国和阿富汗的地区。石头和石柱被放置在商路沿线和边境城市，那里的法令可以被尽可能多的人阅读。它们也被竖立在朝圣地点，如菩提伽耶(菩提伽耶)，启蒙的地方，萨纳特(第一次讲道的地点)，桑吉(一个重要的佛教建筑的地点)。
一些柱子上刻着奉献的铭文，给出了一个确定的日期和阿育王的名字。脚本是梵语，所有印度语言都是从梵语发展而来的。在印度西部发现的一些法令是用一种与梵语密切相关的脚本写的。其中一座在阿富汗，刻有亚拉姆语和希腊语，显示了阿育王想要接触他王国的多种文化的愿望。这些柱子的高度从四十到五十英寸不等。原来的柱子中只有19根幸存下来，许多都成了碎片。
有些铭文本质上是世俗的。阿育王为卡林加的大屠杀道歉，并向人民保证，他现在只考虑他们的福祉。一些人吹嘘阿育王为养活他的人民所做的好事，或是告诉他们他的改革。有信仰相关铭文的柱子和法令代表了佛教的第一个实物证据。铭文表明阿育王的佛教和支持他的愿望传播佛法在他的王国。这些法令，通过他们的战略布局和佛教的体现佛法，以强调阿育王作为一个宽容的领导者的管理角色。
正是这根柱子被作为印度的国徽，这里描绘的是一个- - - - - -卢比纸币和两卢比硬币．大cakra用来装饰四头狮子顶部的是在中间的印度国旗．
建议与之前的课程材料进行比较:
与阿育王的法令相比汉谟拉比法典和/或古迪亚许愿雕像。学生可以被要求思考每个统治者想要传达关于他的统治的什么信息?怎么做?为什么?
萨纳特的狮子之都它是佛祖第一次布道的地方，是最著名的石柱。目前，柱子仍在它最初沉入地下的地方，但首都现在在萨尔纳特博物馆展出。首都有几个佛教标志。
莲花(莲花）莲花可能是佛教最有辨识度的象征，就在首都的底部。莲花是一种普遍存在的超越的象征:莲花从世俗世界的浊水中升起，进入纯净的空气中，在那里它壮观地绽放，没有一丝来自泥土的痕迹。这是一个完美的比喻，比喻佛陀和他的追随者从欲望、贪婪等的泥沼中升腾，达到开悟的纯粹。佛，除非他是站着的，总是坐在所谓的荷花中(地)的姿势，双腿交叉，双脚翘起，放在相反的大腿上，代表他完全达到了纯粹的启蒙。他和其他神也经常被描绘为坐在或站在莲花宝座上，表明他们存在于一个超越的空间。神仙也常捧一朵莲花，通常是蓝色的，但有时是白色的。
在首都的莲花上放着一个鼓，上面雕刻着四种动物，代表着四个方向:马(西)，牛(东)，象(南)，狮(北)。每一种动物也可以通过四种危险来识别轮回(出生，疾病，死亡，腐烂)。动物们一个接一个地不停地转动着生存之轮。
四只狮子站在鼓上。它们也面向四个主要方向。他们张着嘴，咆哮着要把佛法在这片土地。同样，狮子指的是佛陀，Śakya(狮子)族的一员。狮子也是王权和领导的象征，也可能代表阿育王本人。轮(dharmacakra-法律之轮)最初是安装在狮子的顶部。因此，柱子从下往上读。莲花代表着世俗的世界，四种动物提醒着修行者无穷无尽的轮回轮回由于我们的无知和恐惧，我们仍然被困在物质世界里。但是,cakras他们之间提供的承诺佛法这就把一个人送到了轮子的轮毂上静止的中心。狮子就是佛陀本身，从他那里，解脱轮回的知识是可能的cakra顶点代表moksa，从轮回．
建议与之前的课程材料进行比较:
与阿育王的法令相比汉谟拉比法典和/或古迪亚许愿雕像。学生可以被要求思考每个统治者想要传达关于他的统治的什么信息?怎么做?为什么?
佛教最初的视觉图像并没有描绘出佛的人形。相反，奉献者们专注于物件来帮助他们修行。修行者尊崇与历史上佛陀有关的物品，如他的骨灰、他碰过的物品和他去过的地方。结果，佛塔，即装着佛祖骨灰的土堆(这个词的意思是“堆”)在印度北部遍地都是，主要是在阿育王的赞助下。本质上，佛塔是圣髑盒(回顾之前关于圣髑盒、朝圣和圣物的讨论)。它们也是佛陀一生中某一事件发生地点的纪念物，如果是微型的，也可以作为祭品使用。小型佛塔也可以作为祭品。修行者使用佛塔作为冥想的焦点，帮助他们理解佛法．你可以在亚洲艺术博物馆找到一个很棒的视频在这里．
建造佛塔的做法传到尼泊尔和西藏纪念碑)、不丹、泰国、缅甸(风尘仆仆)、中国和其他采纳佛教教义的国家。佛塔的外形改变了，但功能不变。
为什么一个佛塔?早期的佛经(故事、经文)中有一段记载，佛陀给予指示以纪念他的遗体Maha-parinibbāna经》)。他们将被埋葬在位于四大道路(空间的四个方向)交汇处的佛塔中。佛塔形式已经是一个尊敬的老师或个人的骨灰埋葬的方式。在他去世前(圆寂)，佛陀指示，除了那些与他生命中的历史时刻有关的地方，应该在许多地方建立佛塔，以便“使许多人的心平静和高兴”。
桑基的大佛塔(mwashwasstongpa)，例如，它是印度最古老的石头建筑，也是佛教朝圣的主要目的地之一。它是在公元前三世纪由阿育王下令建造的。在公元前一世纪，四个雕刻复杂的门和一个栏杆包围了整个佛塔。阿育王访问佛塔被纪念在东门上。虽然阿育王确实为桑吉大塔的建造贡献了自己的地位，但也有一千名世俗人士做出了贡献。
像其他与宗教或政府有关的古代建筑一样，大塔坐落在一座山上，高于俗人，建在一条重要的贸易路线上。佛塔是一个坚固的物体，因此，修行者不进入佛塔，而是绕着佛塔做禅修。佛塔是用来支撑冥想和作为一个象征性的提醒觉醒，开悟，精神状态。修行者可以绕着佛塔走一圈，也可以绕着佛塔走一圈。
圆形小路的入口通过了四个门，每一个都代表了佛陀的四大生命事件:东方(佛陀的诞生)，南方(启蒙)，西方(第一次讲道)和北方(涅槃)。这些门以与轴线成直角的角度转动，以引导从业者以一种手臂的方式svastika在梵语中，这是一个方向符号，意思是“好”(“苏”意味着好或吉祥，“阿斯蒂”意味着是)。
这个运动暗示了无穷无尽的循环轮回向中心的运动，引导修行者到达四圣谛的知识，并进入不动的轮毂的中心:开悟(埋葬骨灰的佛塔的中心——佛——知识的来源)。入口标志着从佛塔外的世俗空间进入栏杆内的精神空间的运动。南门被认为是最古老的，因为它有一个阿朔坎柱，是主要的入口点。大门的垂直柱子上覆盖着各种版本的阿育王柱，强调了阿育王在桑吉的存在，他希望传播的佛教信息，以及他获得积极功德的目标。
所有大门的表面都覆盖着低矮的浮雕。水平的门楣设计成卷轴的样子，用来阅读佛陀前世的故事。这些浮雕还在文化水平有限的年代提供了宗教教育。然而，佛陀并没有被描绘成人形。的佛陀被描绘成非偶像的形象通过各种各样符号直到大约公元前最后一个世纪，也就是他死后500年左右。提到佛陀包括cakra，他的脚印，空宝座，菩提树，或一个佛塔．这些门还包含了详细的森林场景和城镇，提供了关于当代生活的丰富信息。
佛教是第一个拥有大型公共空间的印度宗教，它启发了三种类型的建筑:佛塔，佛教寺院(寺院),而且一座坟墓般的纪念碑caitya)这座佛塔没有任何圣物．在公元前一世纪到公元一世纪之间，主要的建筑建造了大量的佛塔，寺院而且caityas是由整个社区(thesamgha)．
为什么是修道院制度?在佛教的早期，遵循当代宗教的做法，僧侣们致力于一种没有固定住所的乡村流浪的审美生活。他们的衣食住行都是由那些希望获得功德的人提供的。最终，僧侣们在离城镇足够近的地方建立了寺院，以便于接受布施，但又要远离城镇，以免打扰到冥想。许多寺院都建立在贸易路线沿线，使僧侣能够不断地收到货物，商人和旅行者也能得到回报的祝福。寺院很快成为修行的一个重要方面，它有三个目的:作为僧侣的住所，作为宗教工作的中心(代表俗人)，和一个佛教学习的中心。
这种做法的一个例子是寺院中心瑟利。人们可以看到几个佛塔之一的遗迹，一个阿育王柱，僧侣的牢房和行政中心。不久，这些类型的修道院被岩石切割的住宿所取代，以便更耐用。
这些岩洞建于公元前3世纪的德干西部。最早的包括Bhaja洞穴,卡乐洞穴,和阿旃陀洞穴．在Bhaja,这里有22个洞窟，没有佛陀的画像，因为在佛教(小乘佛教)的早期阶段，巴迦是活跃的，当时没有佛陀的形象被创造出来。这是这类岩洞最早的例子，与之前的木结构非常相似。主要的佛教寺庙Bhaja的大厅包含一个坚固的石头佛塔，它被中殿包围，两侧是两边的过道。在洞穴中发现的物品表明僧侣和富有的商人之间存在着有利可图的关系。Bhaja洞穴位于从阿拉伯海向东到德干地区的主要贸易路线上，连接了印度的南北。在一个佛教寺庙大厅卡乐为佛塔的旋转创造了空间。
最终，岩石切割的修道院变得相当复杂。它们有几层，里面有庭院和游廊。在佛教的第二阶段，大乘佛教，佛像和其他神的形象被引入，一些正面有佛像和其他神的浮雕形象。这一点在阿扬塔被注意到佛教寺庙大殿里，佛塔上又添了一尊佛像。浮雕雕刻在两侧的通道佛教寺庙佛堂描绘了佛陀生活的场景。
佛教有三个阶段:小乘、大乘和金刚乘(钻石或坚不可摧的道路，也被称为密宗交通工具)。这三种都在印度发展起来，但金刚乘是，而且仍然是主要的藏传佛教实践，通常在后来的调查二- 1200年后的印度艺术和建筑中讨论。在每一个阶段，对佛教教义问答的改变和信仰的形象也随之改变．然而，每个阶段并不一定要取代其他阶段。小乘(由于小乘一词已不再使用，所以以小乘宗(“长老的教义”)的形式存在)仍然在东南亚的部分地区实行，特别是斯里兰卡、泰国、老挝和缅甸。大乘，或它的版本，仍然在中国，越南和日本实行。由于佛教实践与每个国家的本土实践相融合，历史阶段有不同的名称。
小乘佛教(shravakayana)
一般来说，小乘是基于佛陀的原始教导。从苦难中解脱只能通过个人的努力和学习来实现，其目标是个人的救赎。佛陀被认为是一个历史人物，一个世俗的人，一个老师，而不是一个超然的存在。小乘有一个明确的修道传统(如在这一时期建立的无数岩石切割的寺庙所注意到的)Bhaja而且卡乐,例如)。了解佛陀的旅程和知识是首要的;对神灵的崇拜是次要的。的佛法是为人所敬畏的动物;佛陀本人不是。简单的概念是释放轮回．
在小乘的历史时期，没有佛像的形象。他经常被描绘为他的缺席(一个空的宝座，菩提树下的空间)。他也被描绘成各种各样的符号(�
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3 Allen moved to London and later to South Wales, earning his living by journalism and reporting. In South Wales he met Lily Louisa Oram (Lily L. Allen) who he then wed in 1895. In 1898 Allen found an occupation in which he could showcase his spiritual and social interests as a writer for the magazine The Herald of the Golden Age. At this time, Allen entered a creative period where he then published his first of many books, From Poverty to Power (1901). In 1902 Allen began to publish his own spiritual magazine, The Light of Reason, later retitled The Epoch.
In 1903 Allen published his third and most famous book As a Man Thinketh. Loosely based on the Biblical passage of Proverbs 23:7, “As a man thinketh in his heart, so is he,” the small work eventually became read around the world and brought Allen posthumous fame as one of the pioneering figures of modern inspirational thought. The book’s minor audience allowed Allen to quit his secretarial work and pursue his writing and editing career. In 1903, the Allen family retired to the town of Ilfracombe where Allen would spend the rest of his life. Continuing to publish the Epoch, Allen produced more than one book per year until his death in 1912. There he wrote for nine years, producing 19 works.
Following his death in 1912, his wife continued publishing the magazine under the name The Epoch. Lily Allen summarised her husband’s literary mission in the preface to one of his posthumously published manuscripts, Foundation Stones to Happiness and Success saying:
“He never wrote theories, or for the sake of writing; but he wrote when he had a message, and it became a message only when he had lived it out in his own life, and knew that it was good. Thus he wrote facts, which he had proven by practice.”
(Source – Wikipedia)İyi bir IIoT iş ortağı nasıldır?
Üreticiler işlerini dijital olarak dönüştürmek için yatırım yaparken IIoT projelerini destekleyecek satıcıyı seçerken kullandıkları çeşitli önemli kriterler vardır. IIoT tekliflerini ve çözümlerini uygulamış üreticilere dair yakın tarihli bir araştırmaya göre satıcılarınızda aranan temel özellikler şunlardır
1. Başarısı kanıtlanmış
Şirket içi geliştirmeler ve maliyetin kontrol altına alınması gibi bir IIoT yatırımının başlıca avantajlarına odaklanmak IIoT yatırımının geri dönüşü alanında çıtayı yükseltmenize, böylece yöneticileri yatırım yapmaya ikna etmenize yardımcı olacaktır.
2. Güçlü iş ortağı
Herhangi bir IIoT çözümü birden fazla satıcıdan teknoloji varlıklarına ihtiyaç duyacaktır; ancak stratejik teknoloji ortaklıkları yoluyla bütünlüklü bir IIoT çözümü sağlayabilecek satıcılar dikkate alınmalıdır.
3. Sektöre özel
Üretim sektörü ve şirketinizin belirli iş süreçlerinde yaşadığı sıkıntılarla ilgili bilgi sahibi olan satıcılar, bir IIoT proje konseptini deneme süresine taşıma süresini kısaltmaya yardımcı olacaktır.
4. Çözümlere birlikte çalışma yaklaşımı
Teknoloji tekliflerinde "açık" bir yaklaşım kullanan satıcılara, uzun vadeli IIoT gereksinimleri için esnek ve geleceğe hazır bir seçenek sağlar. Heterojen bir ekipman ortamında makine - makine iletişimi, verimliliği artırmak için son derece önemlidir.The hosts of the popular TV series “Mythbusters” may be best known for creating mayhem by destroying stuff in the name of science, but now a UMR professor is helping high school students get in on the action.
Katie Grantham Lough, AE’01, MS AE’03 and PhD ME’05, assistant professor of interdisciplinary engineering at UMR, teamed up with Missouri high school students this summer to develop forensics experiments based on the Discovery Channel’s self-explanatory show. The students also conducted “reverse engineering,” as Grantham Lough calls it, which involves the dissection of toys to see how they are assembled. Product dissection teaches the students how to properly take something apart and, more importantly, put it back together. She hopes to create the nation’s first undergraduate degree program in forensics engineering.
Grantham Lough is leading just one of the projects offered through UMR’s Summer Research Academy, which is associated with the Missouri Academy of Science, Mathematics and Computing program. This academy is offered for high school juniors and seniors to bypass their last two years of high school and go straight to taking college-level courses for general education requirements.Il suo grande successo è decretato anche negli Usa. Shakespeare in love, L’importanza di chiamarsi Ernesto, La ragazza con l’orecchino di perla, Love Actually, L’ultima legione, Mamma Mia, Matrimonio all’inglese e A Christmas Carol sono film appartenenti alla cinematografia americana, in cui Colin avrà ruolo di protagonista e co-protagonista. Il suo indiscutibile fascino è presente nel Paziente inglese e, ancora, nel ’96 nel film Febbre a 90°. Ma sarà nel 2009, alla 66a Mostra Internazionale del Cinema di Venezia, che Colin vedrà la sua carriera ormai in totale ascesa. In questa occasione, infatti, viene premiato con la Coppa Volpi, per la sua straordinaria interpretazione nel film A single man, diretto da Tom Ford. Nel 2010, il ruolo di protagonista nel film Il discorso del re, che narra la lotta contro la balbuzie di re Giorgio VI gli farà ottenere un Golden Globe come miglior attore e un Oscar come miglior attore protagonista. Nel 2012, la carriera di Firth si discosta dai generi precedenti per indirizzarsi verso un nuovo genere cinematografico, più volto verso lo spionaggio. I film La Talpa e Gambit ne sono un chiaro esempio. Quest’ultimo remake di Michael Hoffman del ’66.Un temerario paracadutista sabato 30 luglio è stato il primo uomo a lanciarsi da un’altezza di 7,620 metri senza paracadute o tuta alare e ad atterrare, dopo circa due minuti, dentro una rete di 30 metri per 30 metri nel deserto della California.
Il video dell’impresa, ripreso e trasmesso su Fox, fa impallidire qualsiasi sport estremo. Luke Aikins, di 42 anni, e oltre 18mila lanci col paracadute alle spalle, ha battuto ogni record.
Una caduta libera in cui ha raggiunto la velocità massima di 193 chilometri orari.
Durante il suo lancio, tre uomini lo hanno accompagnato per aiutarlo a mantenere la posizione. I tre hanno poi aperto il proprio paracadute. Per guidarlo nell’atterraggio, solo le luci lampeggianti posizionate ai bordi della rete.
Al momento dell’atterraggio, la folla in delirio ha applaudito Aikins, che è immediatamente sceso a terra per abbracciare la moglie e il piccolo figlio.
“É incredibile, stavo quasi levitando. Ce l’ho fatta, non ho parole”, ha commentato l’impresa, o il folle gesto, davanti alle telecamere. “Mentirei se dicessi di non essere stato nervoso prima del salto nel vuoto”, ha ammesso.
“Il volo di Aikins rappresenta il culmine di una carriera di 26 anni che segna il record del più alto lancio senza paracadute o tuta alare”, ha commentato il suo manager Justin Aclin in una mail.一、 摘要
杨大爷和尹大娘育有二个子女，即杨老大、杨老二。杨大爷与尹大娘婚后购买了涉案房屋，登记在杨大爷名下。后杨大爷去世，无遗嘱。北京某律师事务所律师秦能、刘能为尹大娘代书遗嘱，该遗嘱主要意思为“尹大娘在涉案房屋中享有的份额由杨老大继承”。后尹大娘去世，涉案房屋由杨老二居住。现杨老大、杨老二对于尹大娘代书遗嘱是否有效存在异议，杨老大主张按遗嘱继承分割遗产，杨老二主张遗嘱无效，应按法定继承分割遗产。
二、 双方陈词
杨老大起诉称：2003年12月，父亲杨大爷去世；2010年2月，母亲尹大娘去世。被继承人生前主要由本人照顾，且母亲去世前有遗嘱，将父亲名下的位于丰台区××101号房屋（以下简称涉案房屋）留给自己。故诉至法院，要求按遗嘱继承涉案房屋。
杨老二辩称：涉案房屋系自己和被继承人用原有房屋换来的，应为共有财产。被继承人去世前与我共同生活，且言明将房屋留给我，我现在身患多种疾病，应当多分遗产。另，父母去世后，父亲无遗嘱，所属份额由继承人按法定继承。杨老大提交的代书遗嘱，无母亲本人签字，而代书人系通过杨老大为母亲代书的遗嘱，遂主张遗嘱无效。要求与被继承人遗留的涉案房屋按法定继承的原则分割。
三、案件事实
涉案房屋系杨大爷与尹大娘婚姻关系存续期间购买，登记在杨大爷名下，为二人的夫妻共同财产。杨大爷去世后无遗嘱，遗产由其继承人法定继承。杨老大提交了尹大娘的代书遗嘱，代书人北京某律师事务所律师秦能、刘能出庭证实：“杨老大通过热线联系到秦能，告知尹大娘欲立遗嘱；遗嘱系尹大娘在医院所立，尹大娘的名字由秦能代签，手印是尹大娘本人按捺；立遗嘱时有录像，录像资料已经交给杨老大”。法院庭审中，杨老大提交立遗嘱时拍摄的录像，该录像内容与代书人秦能、刘能出庭证实情况相符。
四、审理结果
本案争议焦点是尹大娘代书遗嘱是否有效。杨老大提交了尹大娘的代书遗嘱，有律师见证，有被继承人本人按手印，有立遗嘱时的录像。所以法院认为该份遗嘱合法有效。判决结果如下：
位于北京市丰台区××101号房屋由杨老大继承并所有；杨老大于本判决生效之日起十日内给付杨老二继承房屋六分之一份额折价款。
法务分析
该继承纠纷的争议点在于杨老大、杨老二对于代书遗嘱效力的认定。因杨老大向法院提供了一系列的证据，组成相对严密的证据链，从而获得了法院的支持，认定该份遗嘱合法有效。杨大爷对诉争房产所享有的份额按法定继承（分3份，尹大娘、杨老大、杨老二各一份）。尹大娘对诉争房产享有的份额按遗嘱继承（归杨老大个人所有），杨老大分得诉争房产六分之五的份额，杨老二分得诉争房产六分之一的份额。因杨老大享有诉争房产大部分份额，且其表示能够按期给付杨老二房屋折价款，故诉争房屋归杨老大所有为宜。
法务建议
1、在操作继承房源过程中应先确定房屋继承顺序：
①继承方式包括遗赠抚养协议、遗嘱继承和法定继承，继承顺序为遗赠抚养协议优先于遗嘱继承，遗嘱继承优先于法定继承。
②依据《继承法》第10条规定：法定继承顺序如下：
第一顺序：配偶、父母、子女：
第二顺序：兄弟姐妹、祖父母、外祖父母。
③法定继承开始后先按照第一顺序继承，没有第一顺序继承人的按照第二顺序继承：
2、出售继承房产的关键是办理继承公证或取得生效裁判文书。虽然本案最终法院确认了代书遗嘱的效力，但是能够看出在一方继承人能够提供相关证据证明遗嘱效力的情况下亦发生了关于产权确认的纠纷。所以经纪人在操作关于继承的房源时一定要及时提供继承公证或生效裁判文书。
3、在特殊情况下，未能提供继承公证或者相关生效裁判文书时。需要做到如下几点：
①所有第一顺位法定继承人（没有第一顺位法定继承人的由所有第二顺位法定继承人继承）共同签署“继承声明”（继承声明模板在微信公众号“问法”中可以获取），确认该房屋的最终继承人。
②确认的继承人有配偶的需要签署“配偶同意出售声明”（模板在微信公众号“问法”中获取）。
③由确认的继承人签署买卖合同，不动产权证信息以原产权证信息所示填写即可。（注意此时甲方为继承人，不是被继承人）
④在补充协议其他约定处约定：甲方于X年X月X日前办理完毕继承公证（取得生效裁判文书），于X年X月X日前换取新不动产权证，关于不动产权证信息包括但不限于产权证书编号，物业地址等以新不动产权证书为准。
⑤新房本下发后，就房本变更的内容（如房屋产权证号）签署变更协议书。Behavioral Health, Crisis, and Counseling Resources
What should you do if you see a student is struggling?
First, show the person about whom you’re concerned that you care. Talk to them and listen in a non-judgmental way. Most people express relief when they can talk openly about their feelings. Be sure to call for help. Share your concerns with someone who is trained to help.
- School guidance counselors or psychologists – 425-831-8150
- Mount Si High School Tipline (if anonymity is preferred)
- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services (SAMHSA) for local referrals TREATMENT LOCATOR
- Teen Resources - over 15 websites and phone lines to help with crisis, relationships, bullying, suicide, etc.
Grief SupportWhen a loss occurs, people have different ways of reacting even if they did not have a close relationship with the person. Feelings such as shock, sadness, guilt, fear and anger are common. These reactions may rise and fall throughout the day, and for days to come. Also, when a person has experienced loss in the past, those emotions often resurface.
- Parent Resources - Behavioral Health Resources for bullying, mental health, and substance abuse concerns
Please consider the following information from our counselors on ways you can help support your student at home following a loss:
- Be sensitive about whether your son/daughter needs to talk. Bring it up in case he/she is reluctant to do so.
- Resist the temptation to minimize the pain, deny the feelings or give advice. Simply listen.
- Helpful responses may include: "Tell me more about that," or “I wonder if there are other things that are worrying you?” or "What are other students saying about this?"
- Be emotionally available, not judgmental.
- Realize that this may be a very emotionally intense time for kids when they are moving in and out of sadness/anxiety/guilt/anger.
- Encourage them to support each other in whatever way they can and take care of their own well-being during this stressful time.
- Reassure them that it’s also OK to experience joyful memories, and not to feel guilty for feeling happiness.Kondrin Terimi Hakkında Bilgiler
Biyoloji Terimi Olarak Kondrin:
Kıkırdak yapı hücrelerinin salgıladıkları ara madde.
Fen Bilimleri Terimi Olarak Kondrin:
Kıkırdak yapı hücrelerinin salgılad
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return. As a rule, contracts with borrowers stipulate the period for which the loan is to be repaid, and the interest rate, and the conditions for lending to individuals differ from the principles of the work of banking institutions with the population. Currently, short-term bank loans aimed at financing enterprises are divided into single loans, overdrafts and loans in the form of a non-revolving or renewable credit line.
Pledge: Private companies can get short-termcommercial loan, providing the banking institution with a pledge of liquid assets, the sale of which in the event of non-payment of money taken from the creditor can cover the amount owed to the bank. As a pledge, firms can use residential or commercial real estate, vehicles and land, specialized equipment and equipment, money contributed to the deposit, goods in circulation.
Overdraft: The overdraft offered by bank offices -this is a short-term loan issued to enterprises to cover the temporary shortage of working capital used by the company in national currency so that the company can perform current settlements. Currently, the overdraft is provided by paying payment documents over the balance of funds on the current account of the company, within the originally agreed amount. And the overdraft is repaid at the expense of all money resources arriving on the current account of the enterprise-client.
To receive an overdraft can expectCommercial companies with an unblemished credit history. The meaning of this type of short-term loan is that the banking institution replenishes the amount insufficient for the payment of the client's account in the situation, if there is less money on the current accounts of the organization than is necessary for payment. Moreover, the financial institution's funds are transferred directly to the beneficiary's current account, the name of which is indicated in the payment documentation, and not to the account of the enterprise that is the client of this bank.
Overdraft is usually repaid in automaticthe order at the time the funds are credited to the client account, and the terms of such a type of lending are clearly prescribed in contracts signed by the borrower and the lender. As a rule, the overdraft service is based on the trust relationship between the client company and the representative of the bank, so the borrower does not need to make out loan agreements every time the firm lacks funds.
Loans for replenishment of working capital: Short-term credit is granted to firms forfull-fledged financing of ongoing economic activities. Due to loans, raw materials, various materials can be purchased for the production of finished products, wholesale purchases of all kinds of goods, the purpose of which is their subsequent resale.
Credit line: Quite often a short-term loan for commercialorganizations are issued through the opening of a credit line. In this case, money is given to the client in the form of separate tranches over a specific period of time, within the limits originally stipulated in the contract, and no special additional negotiations are required.
Non-renewable credit line isa type of lending, when within a limit set by a banking institution, a commercial organization receives tranches for a specific amount, pre-registered in the contract. In the case of opening a renewable line, the customer's enterprise receives cash tranches, and after they have fully repaid, they can receive new cash loans within the established limit and on the conditions set forth in the loan agreement."Whoa. Be careful, you're with folks who are only one generation removed from some Dallas Cowboys fans."
He laughs. "Callas Dowboys, huh?"
I look at him quizzingly. "What....wait, did I just say that?" And I look to someone else in the room who nods.
He says it again, but the way I had sounded - Callous Dowelboys!!
Well, from here the conversation turned to how he might wish to use my new phrase sometime in the future.
In the meantime, I'm still trying to think it and say it correctly.....and having a hard time. I am, however, able to laugh at myself. One of the things which came to mind was a post I wrote last summer - Watch It, Smartie Pants.
What we are talking about is Apraxia of Speech, also known as verbal apraxia or dyspraxia, which is very mild in my case. It is a speech disorder in which a person has trouble saying what he or she wants to say correctly and consistently, but is not due to weakness or paralysis of the speech muscles.
Here is a bit of what the National Institute on Deafness and other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) has to say about symptoms -
"People with either form of apraxia of speech [acquired or developmental] may have a number of different speech characteristics, or symptoms. One of the most notable symptoms is difficulty putting sounds and syllables together in the correct order to form words. Longer or more complex words are usually harder to say than shorter or simpler words. People with apraxia of speech also tend to make inconsistent mistakes when speaking. For example, they may say a difficult word correctly but then have trouble repeating it, or they may be able to say a particular sound one day and have trouble with the same sound the next day. People with apraxia of speech often appear to be groping for the right sound or word, and may try saying a word several times before they say it correctly. Another common characteristic of apraxia of speech is the incorrect use of "prosody" -- that is, the varying rhythms, stresses, and inflections of speech that are used to help express meaning."There are other types of Apraxia as are outlined by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) -
- Buccofacial or orofacial apraxia (the inability to carry out facial movements on command such as licking lips, whistling, coughing, or winking)
- Limb-kinetic apraxia (the inability to make fine, precise movements with an arm or leg)
- Ideomotor apraxia (the inability to make the proper movement in response to a verbal command)
- Ideational apraxia (the inability to coordinate activities with multiple, sequential movements, such as dressing, eating, and bathing)
- Verbal apraxia (difficulty coordinating mouth and speech movements)
- Constructional apraxia (the inability to copy, draw, or construct simple figures)
- Oculomotor apraxia (difficulty moving the eyes on command)
In the meantime, there'll be no cheering in this house for any Callous Dowelboys, or Cowless Cowboys, or Dallas Dollboys, or whatever!!!The complex world of Covid-19 vaccine trials explained.
SOMEWHERE IN THE DEEP UNEXPLORED depths of Madagascar, an unknown herb is probably on its way to becoming a global panacea for the pandemic.
This is Africa, a continent ripe with possibilities, where you cannot rule out that a cure for Covid-19 could perhaps come from nature itself. Just like Madagascar, currently touting Artemisia Afra (umhlonyane in Nguni languages and previously used as an ingredient for treating malaria) as a potential cure for Covid-19, bigger economies like South Africa are also looking to the botanical world for answers. Its national Department of Basic Education has reassigned R15 million ($960,982) of its budget on Covid-19 interventions such as Artemisia. Nigeria has also made a move towards a more homeopathic approach, as a ministerial committee has been put in place to further examine the potential natural compounds hold in combating the Covid-19 pandemic.
But the focus of this story is exploring humanity’s race to uncover a universal vaccine – or any cure – that can assuage a health crisis confronting the entire world.
Currently, there are over 60 possible vaccines the world over being put through the paces. Of these, only nine are in the third phase of trials. The road to finding a Covid-19 vaccine since the start of the pandemic this year has been long and arduous. For the layperson, desperate to see an effective vaccine come online soon, the deluge of news on vaccine trials can seem complex. This article will discern the facts around them.
In comparison to its European and American counterparts, Africa has seen a relatively lower rate of virus spread and a lower death rate. As of November 11, Africa accounted for 3.7% of the world’s total number of cases; and southern Africa the worst hit with over 800,000 cases.
Scientists are yet to definitively map out the effects of the Covid-19 virus and its ability to recur within individuals who have had it before. Fear of public spaces and physical interactions have become the norm. Face masks and sanitizing products have become staples in every handbag and car cubbyhole.
Put simply, a clinical trial is a series of phases within an experiment being conducted to test a new drug, type of therapy or new medical device. It also looks at the efficacy of pre-existing medical interventions in the treatment of numerous illnesses and different types of patients.
Clinical trials can be performed on both healthy and ill participants. There are a number of protocols and regulations that accompany a clinical trial to ensure that the wellbeing of the participant is maintained as far as possible. It ensures that the benefits of the medical intervention being tested outweigh the risks and each phase of a trial plays a part in testing this.
Clinical trials usually happen in four phases. Before these phases occur, a preclinical test is done. Each phase needs to produce a favorable result in order for the next phase to be conducted. In order for a medical intervention to get to the stage of manufacturing and distribution, all four phases need to have occurred successfully. The success of each phase is measured by the number of medically adverse events that have occurred as a result of the medical intervention being tested. These adverse events include mild to serious medical side-effects that have occurred to the participants of the trial.
Dr. Sinead Delany-Moretlwe, Director of Research at the Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute in Johannesburg, South Africa explains how innovations made with expediting the clinical trials for the Covid-19 vaccine could reshape how clinical trials are done across the board. She has also been the lead on HPTN 084, an injectable form of an antiretroviral (ARV) used to prevent HIV in women in sub-Saharan Africa.
The frantic search for a Covid-19 vaccine is being closely watched by every country on earth. At the time of going to press mid-November, there were currently 51 trials between Phases I and III of the clinical trials. When they will be available to all is a question on everyone’s mind.
South Africa’s Health Minister, talking to FORBES AFRICA about vaccine manufacturers, says: “Collaboration across global institutions has led to the transfer of technology and therefore new developments and new discoveries in combating the pandemic.”
In an interview with Aspen Pharmacare CEO and founder, Stephen Saad, he highlights to FORBES AFRICA the need for efficient manufacturing and distribution channels for the vaccine, once it becomes available. Aspen recently partnered with Johnson & Johnson for their vaccine Ad26.COV2-S(now known as JNJ-78436735). This partnership will see the manufacturing and distribution capacity of Johnson & Johnson increase significantly.
Saad explains that Aspen uses just 40% of their current manufacturing capacity for their own products and the other 60% was available for use. “Covid-19 is prevalent everywhere. We were very committed to trying to find a partner that would use our capabilities to be able to provide a vaccine,” says Saad.
At the heart of the partnership is the transfer of technology as Johnson & Johnson share their protocols and blueprint for creating the vaccine so they are able to manufacture it once it has passed Phase III trials.
“We are very pleased because Johnson & Johnson have made big commitments to distribute their vaccine universally, so they’ve made commitments through the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and to their own public statements about offering up 500 million doses to the developing world,” says Saad.
The manufacturing site in Port Elizabeth in South Africa’s Eastern Cape province will be utilized in this partnership where as many as 300 million doses can be produced and this is expected to begin the second quarter of next year should the Ad26.COV2-S proves successful.
“So much depends on the trials and the success of these trials,” says Saad. Aspen, having been linked to the success of the steroid Dexamethasone, and now as a vaccine frontrunner, have proven their reputation as a pharmaceutical powerhouse.
With an investment of R3 billion ($194 million) into their “sterile site”, Saad is confident. “There’s not a lot of companies that can manufacture on this scale,” he says.
Saad recognizes the urgency for a vaccine. “Our first and only priority right now is to get the product out to the world and our focus is on the job that we have to do very quickly over the next period.”
Currently, the only African country involved in the trial phases of these vaccines has been South Africa across different sites. Progress is being made by Oxford University as they await final clearance to begin trials in Kenya and the Uganda Virus Research Institute is aiming to collaborate with the Imperial College London and begin trials in Uganda in December.
Historically, only 2% of all vaccine trials have occurred on the African continent, according to a report in The Lancet.
Despite being no stranger to viral outbreaks, Africa as a whole is often excluded from the vaccine process and as such there is a severe lack of understanding of the African context when trialing a potential vaccine or medical intervention.
There are several factors that could possibly hinder the efficient and comprehensive administration of a Covid-19 vaccine when it eventually becomes available.
Accessibility to the vaccine is seen as a key issue, particularly within developing countries. While there are several initiatives such as the investments made by Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations as well as the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, African countries are still amongst the last buyers of any possible vaccine that emerges.
There is surely light at the end of the tunnel but it may be a while before a cure will finally see the light of day.By JEFF DONN and MITCH WEISS
Associated Press Writers
Leading environmental groups and a U.S. senator on Wednesday called on the government to pay closer attention to more than 27,000 abandoned oil and gas wells in the Gulf of Mexico and take action to keep them from leaking even more crude into water already tainted by the massive BP spill.
The calls for action follow an Associated Press investigation that found federal regulators do not typically inspect plugging of these offshore wells or monitor for leaks afterward. Yet tens of thousands of oil and gas wells are improperly plugged on land, and abandoned wells have sometimes leaked offshore too, state and federal regulators acknowledge.
Melanie Duchin, a spokeswoman with Greenpeace, said she was "shell-shocked" by the AP report and upset that government wasn't "doing a thing to make sure they weren't leaking."
Of 50,000 wells drilled over the past six decades in the Gulf, 23,500 have been permanently abandoned. Another 3,500 are classified by federal regulators as "temporarily abandoned," but some have been left that way since the 1950s, without the full safeguards of permanent abandonment.
Petroleum engineers say that even in properly sealed wells, the cement plugs can fail over the decades and the metal casing that lines the wells can rust. Even depleted production wells can repressurize over time and spill oil if their sealings fail.
Regulators at the Minerals Management Service — recently renamed the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement — have routinely been accepting industry reports on well closures without inspecting the work. And no one — in industry or government — has been conducting checks on wells that have been abandoned for years.
In its investigation, the AP found a series of warnings. For instance, the General Accountability Office, which investigates for Congress, warned in 1994 that leaks from offshore abandoned wells could cause an "environmental disaster." The report stated: "MMS does not have an overall inspection strategy for targeting its limited resources to ensuring that wells are properly plugged and abandoned."
The GAO report suggested MMS set up an inspection program, but the agency never did.
According to a 2001 study commissioned by MMS, agency officials were "concerned that some abandoned oil wells in the Gulf may be leaking crude oil." But nothing came of that warning.
The oil that has been gushing from a BP PLC well since an exploratory oil rig exploded April 20 is an uncomfortable reminder of the potential for leaking at abandoned wells. The well was being prepared for temporary abandonment when it blew out, setting off one of the worst environmental disasters in U.S. history.
Wells are abandoned temporarily for a variety of reasons. In the case of the BP spill, the well was being capped until a later production phase. Oil companies also may temporarily abandon wells as they re-evaluate their potential or develop a plan to overcome a drilling problem or damage from a storm. Some owners temporarily abandon wells to await a rise in oil prices.
Regulations for temporarily abandoned wells require oil companies to present plans to reuse or permanently plug such wells within a year — and then an annual review — though the AP found those rules are used to allow wells to remain "temporarily" abandoned forever.
Sen. Mark Udall, D-Colo., sent a letter Wednesday to Interior Secretary Ken Salazar asking whether regulators have authority to do inspections of abandoned wells. He said regulators may ultimately need to check industry paperwork more carefully or inspect the work itself.
"We can't afford the leak that's now occurring. We certainly couldn't afford additional leaks in the future," Udall said.
He added that there's generally been a trust of industry, "but I think this is a case where we ought to trust — but we ought to verify."
Environmental activists called for the government to study the extent of leaking, conduct inspections and monitor these wells over the years.
Melinda Pierce, deputy director of national campaigns for the Sierra Club, said the AP investigation shows that the government must do more to prevent another oil disaster.
"From exploration to drilling to the sealing of abandoned wells, the government must step up safety inspections and oversight to ensure that oil companies don't cut corners that could put our marine resources and coastal economies at risk," she said.
Derb Carter, a director with the Southern Environmental Law Center, said government inaction on abandoned wells is "not unlike the way we dealt with hazardous waste years ago where we just buried it somewhere and didn't think about it."
Elgie Holstein, the senior director of strategic planning for the Environmental Defense Fund's land, water and wildlife program, said "it certainly makes sense" for the government to periodically inspect abandoned wells to ensure that they have been properly plugged. Holstein is a former U.S. Energy Department official during the Clinton administration who was on President Obama's transition team.
After repeated requests, federal regulators acknowledged Tuesday that some abandoned wells have leaked in the past. However, a government petroleum engineer, Eric Kazanis, told the AP that abandoned wells aren't considered a risk and aren't "supposed to leak."
Oil companies say they plug correctly, and that seals on properly plugged wells should last virtually forever.
Greg Rosenstein, a vice president at Superior Energy Services, a New Orleans company that specializes in this work for offshore wells, maintained that properly
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از می شود.
ابراهیم پور در بخش دیگری از سخنان خود یادآور شد: مشکل دیگری هم برای کل جانبازان عزیز دوران دفاع مقدس وجود دارد که بنده هم خودم بارها با آن روبرو و به شدت ناراحت شده ام؛ نگاه بعضی از مردم جامعه به ما است،مثلا وقتی به اداره یا یک مکان عمومی می رویم و گاهی به دلیل مشکلات اعصاب ناشی از همان جانبازی شیمیایی، نمی توانیم مانند افراد سالم صبر کنیم و می گوییم جانباز هستیم و خواهش می کنیم به دلیل مشکلات جسمی، کارمان را زودتر انجام دهند، فورا سؤال می کنند، چقدر حقوق می گیرید؟ این نوع نگرش خیلی ما را اذیت می کند، نگاه جامعه باید تغییر پیدا کند، ما اگر سالم بودیم که مسئله ای نداشتیم.
*امکان مهاجرت برخی خانواده های جانباز از تهران وجود ندارد
فاطمه علی پور همسر جانباز( 70 درصد) شیمیایی، حسن جوانمردی نیز در گفت و گو با خبرنگار پایگاه خبری حیات، در مورد مهمترین مشکلات جانبازان شیمیایی و خانواده های شان، گفت: مهمترین مشکل جانبازان دوران دفاع مقدس، ناتوانی جسمی است که همین عامل باعث خراب شدن روحیه جانباز و به تبع آن اثرگذاری این شرایط بد روی تمام اعضای خانواده است؛ یعنی این جانبازی و مشکلات جسمی ناشی از شیمیایی شدن، همه چیز را تحت تأثیر قرار می دهد.
این همسر جانباز افزود: جانبازان دوران دفاع مقدس با درصد بالا به گونه ای هستند که نمی شود به عنوان یک فرد سالم با آنان برخورد کرد؛ یعنی انتظاراتی که از یک انسان سالم داریم، از آنان نمی توان داشت.
خانم علی پور گفت: به اعتقاد پزشکان و از جمله پزشکان بنیاد، برای کاهش مسایل و عوارض مربوط به مصدومیت شیمیایی جانباز مثل عوارض ریوی، بهتر است از تهران که دارای هوای بسیار الوده ای می باشد به شهرهای خوش اب و هوا و دارای هوای پاک مهاجرت کرد که برای این راهکار باید تمهیداتی اندیشیده شود تا امکان مهاجرت برای خانواده ها وجود داشته باشد و تغییر محل زندگی به اسانی امکان پذیر باشد.
صادق چهرقانی
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|کانال اینستاگرام|Açıklama
Sonus Faber'inki kadar güçlü bir gen havuzundan gelen Omnia'nın günümüzün hepsi bir arada kablosuz kablosuz hoparlör pazarına en güzellerinden biri olarak (ya da “bellissimo” mu demeliyiz) girmesine şaşmamak gerek.
İtalyan markasının en yeni ses tasarımı, SF16 hepsi bir arada hoparlörünü birazcık anımsatmaktan daha fazlasıdır. Bu, şirketin ilk hoparlörlerinden önce gelen ve aslında Sonus Faber'in kurucusu Franco Serblin'in 1980'deki açılış projesi olan The Snail sistemine 2016'da yayınlanan bir saygı duruşuydu. Omnia'nın fiyatının sekiz katı olan selefine sahip değil. tweeter'lar ve orta kademe sürücüler için uzayan 'kollar' uydu hoparlörleri ve görkemli boyutuyla eşleşmiyor.
Bunun yerine, Omnia, fiyatının gerektirdiği gibi, nispeten daha mütevazı bir meseledir - boyut ve yapı bakımından benzer hepsi bir arada sistemlerin ( Naim Mu-so 2 gibi) mahsulü ile aşağı yukarı aynı doğrultudadır.
Latin dilbilimciler, 'Omnia'nın' her şeye hazırlıklı' anlamına geldiğini bilecekler (ve şimdi biz de yapıyoruz - teşekkürler, Google) ve bu çok yönlü bir ürün için uygun bir isim. Mevcut müzik servislerinin, dosya formatlarının ve iletim teknolojilerinin listesi daha da uzadıkça, akış konusunda bilgili hi-fi bir dereceye kadar bir onay kutusu işlemi haline geldi. Bazı üreticiler, bu tür hizmetlere bir ağ geçidi ve ağda depolanan müzik kitaplıklarına erişmenin bir yolu olarak kendi uygulamalarını oluştururken, Sonus Faber gibi diğerleri, yalnızca yerel uygulamalar aracılığıyla kullanıcı işlemine güvenmeyi seçmiştir.
Bu amaçla Omnia, Apple cihazlarından aktarım için AirPlay 2'yi destekler; Bir Android cihazda Tidal , Deezer , YouTube Music, Apple Music ve Amazon Music gibi çeşitli hizmetlerden tek dokunuşla oynatma için Google Cast ; ve Spotify Connect. Tidal Connect (varsayılan olarak Android cihazlarda Cast üzerindendir) ayrıca yerleşiktir ve Dolby Atmos müzik veya 96kHz'in üzerinde yüksek çözünürlüklü şarkılar yayınlamak istiyorsanız Cast üzerinde üstünlüğe sahiptir , ancak Omnia'nın aslında Atmos veya MQA'yı desteklemediğini unutmayın. Tidal'ın yüksek çözünürlüklü 'Master'larının arkasındaki teknoloji. NAS sürücü kitaplığına erişmek isteyenlerin, BubbleUPnP gibi bir üçüncü taraf DLNA uygulamasını indirmesi veya bir aboneliğe sahip olması gerekir.Omnia'nın da desteklediği Roon platformu.
Yerleşik hizmetleri kendi kontrol uygulaması lehine kullanma kararından bahseden Sonus Faber'in Baş Tasarımcı Sorumlusu Livio Cucuzza şunları söyledi: "Müşteri bunu nasıl kullanacağını biliyor, bu nedenle mevcut deneyimlerine aşina olmak bize mantıklı geldi."
Bir Mr. Men karakteri kadar kararlı bir şekilde ismine sadık kalan Omnia, HDMI ARC soketi aracılığıyla bir TV'nin yanı sıra, dongle benzeri MiniDin değiştirilebilir fono/hat giriş adaptörü aracılığıyla bir pikap dahil bir ses kaynağı da barındırabilir. . Ünitenin arkasındaki bu soketlere erişmek biraz garip ama muhtemelen bunu sadece bir kez yapmanız gerekecek. aptX HD Bluetooth da Omnia'nın paketinin bir parçası olduğundan , kablosuz bağlantının internet bağlantısı gerektirmesi de gerekmez .
Sonus Faber, Omnia'ya arkasında ve yanlarında 10 cm boşluk bırakılmasını öneriyor ve mümkünse bu tavsiyeye uyalım. Dengeyi optimize etmeye yardımcı olmak için Omnia'nın web sayfası tabanlı kurulumunda bir 'Duvara Yakın' ayarını seçebilseniz de, Omnia'nın nefes almak için küçük bir yeri olduğunda ve kapalı olmadığında kesinlikle en iyi ton dengesini ve en havalı ses sahnesini elde ederiz. duvarlar tarafından. Aslında, onu optimum yerleşiminden mahrum etmek, en güçlü yanlarından fedakarlık etmektir.
Gerçekten de Omnia, türünün duyduğumuz en büyük ve en açık sesli örneklerinden biridir. Gözlerinizi kapatın ve sesin bir çift standmounter'dan geldiğine inanmak için hayal gücünüzü zorlamanıza gerek yok . Bu derinlik ve genişlik, enstrümanların etraflarındaki boşlukla daha yoğun karışımlarda bile rahatça çalışabileceği anlamına gelir. Ve Omnia, yüksek (ve hatta maksimum) ses seviyelerinde sertlik veya bozulmadan etkileyici bir şekilde kaçınır.
Boyut, kalite kadar niceliği de etkileyen bas üretimi söz konusu olduğunda Omnia'nın da lehinedir. Kanye West'in Blood On The Leaves'i , büyük, güçlü bas hatları, bir araya getirilecek çok sayıda müzik teli ve en önemlisi, Nina Simone'un hakkını vermek için örneklenmiş vokaliyle, herhangi bir sistemin üstesinden gelmesi gereken zorlu bir parçadır - ancak Sonus Faber, onun adımında. Kornalar ve hırıltılar güçlü ve dokulu ve hem West'in hem de Simone'un teslimatları hem içerik hem de incelik açısından iyi dozlarda geliyor. Omnia'nın yorumu, özellikle ortalar aracılığıyla, kendi türünde bir sistem için etkileyici bir şekilde açık ve saftır.
Birden fazla küçük sürücünün doğal olarak birbirine yakın bir şekilde paketlendiği hepsi bir arada sistemlerde olduğu gibi, hiçbir şey oda için savaşıyormuş gibi görünmüyor. Sonus Faber, bu sonik başarıyı Crescendo teknolojisine bağlıyor; esas olarak, mümkün olduğunca sürükleyici ve üç boyutlu bir ses sahnesi oluşturmak için 44 mm yandan ateşlemeli selüloz hamuru sürücülerini manipüle eden işleme. Bu yan ateşleyicilere iki adet 19 mm ipek kubbe tweeter, bir çift 75 mm kağıt hamuru koni orta kademe sürücüsü ve 165 mm uzun mesafeli alüminyum koni woofer'ın eşlik ettiği düşünülürse, tümü 490 watt'lık bir amplifikatör tarafından çalıştırılır, Omnia'nın bu kadar iyi bir şey üretmesi şaşırtıcı değil. çıktı.
Naim Mu-so 2'ye geçerek kendimizi Naim'in tonal sıcaklığına ve üstün müzikal bütünlük duygusuna daha kolay alışmaya başlıyoruz. Aldous Harding's Lawn'ın temelini oluşturan ritim üzerinde daha sıkı bir tutuş sergiliyor ve daha zengin tonu vokallere hoş bir ballı ses veriyor. Bununla birlikte, Omnia'nın özellikle daha geniş, daha geniş ses sahnesini ve rakipsiz netliğini gözden kaçırmadan edemiyoruz - ve hiçbir şekilde müzikal bir sarkma değil. Yeterince canlı ve ikisi arasında ritmik olarak en ustası olmasa da iyi bir sürüş hissine sahip.
Her ikisinin de güçlü yanları ideal sistem olarak birleşir (böyle bir seçim yapmak güzel olmaz mıydı?), ancak açıklığa ve netliğe değer veriyorsanız ve dinleme alışkanlıklarınız Sonus Faber'in sunduğu özelliklerle uyumluysa, Omnia, müzik görevlerini devredebileceğiniz türünün en iyilerinden biridir. Ve kesinlikle en iyi görünen, bizim gözümüze.The goal of the game is to work out the complicated three-dimensional structures of different proteins. Proteins are feats of biological origami; they consist of long chains of amino acids that fold into very specific and complicated shapes. These shapes can reveal how proteins work but solving them is fiendishly challenging. To do it, scientists typically need to grow crystals of purified protein before bouncing X-rays off them. Foldit takes a different approach, using the collective efforts of causal gamers to do the hard work. And its best players can outperform software designed to do the same job. Best of all, you don't need a PhD to play Foldit, or any scientific training at all. The controls are intuitive, tutorial levels introduce the game's mechanics, colourful visuals provide hints, and the interface is explained in simple language. While protein scientists concern themselves with "rotating alpha-helices" and "fixing degrees of freedom", Foldit players simply 'tweak', 'freeze', 'wiggle' and 'shake' their on-screen shapes. It's telling that barely an eighth of the players work in science, and two-thirds of the top scorers have no biochemistry experience beyond high school.
Foldit's success relies on the fact that it doesn't shallowly flirt with interactivity - it's a true game. Cooper designed it to "attract the widest possible audience… and encourage prolonged engagement". For a start, that meant making it competitive. Players are scored based on the stability of the structures they end up with and a leader board shows how they rank against other gamers.
There's also a social side - gamers can chat on online forums, work in groups to solve puzzles and share solutions on a wiki. Of course, there's the thrill of contributing to genuine scientific research, but that motivates less than half of the community. The rest do it for the achievement, the social aspects and largely, because the game was fun and immersive.
And just like real game development, everything was tuned according to feedback from the players. Tools were added and refined, the difficulty of the tutorials was tweaked to stop frustrated beginners from leaving, and puzzles were matched to the skills of the players.
Foldit's origins lie within Rosetta, a piece of software designed to solve protein structures by simulating and testing thousands of different folds. Rosetta is an example of 'distributed computing', where volunteers run the program on their home computers when they don't need it. They effectively donate their computing power to speed up the laborious task of solving protein structures. But the volunteers wanted to use their biological computers - their brains - as well as their man-made ones. They suggested an interactive version of the programme and in May 2008, they got their wish with Foldit.
To test the usefulness of the approach, Cooper challenged his gamers with ten puzzles - proteins whose structures were solved but weren't on any public database. Even so, the Foldit players did themselves proud. They outperformed the original Rosetta software on five of the puzzles and matched it on three of them. And in the two cases where Rosetta actually beat the players, it still didn't get anywhere near the right answer.
The human gamers had many advantages that gave them the edge. The players used a far wider range of strategies than Rosetta does, and some specialize in the early, middle or late stages of the game. And they were also good at working out where to begin. In one game, when they were given ten possible starting structures, they picked the one that was closest to the actual answer. Armed with the same starting set, Rosetta couldn't do as well.
The Human Advantage
The humans also had the massive advantage of long-term planning. Rosetta uses a "rebuild and refine" method to gradually arrive at the most stable structure through tiny tweaks. But it won't investigate a potentially interesting move if it means making the protein temporarily less stable. The gamers had no such problems. They were quite happy to substantially unravel the protein because they knew that they could put it back together in an even better state.
"Computers are obviously superior in the ability to crunch numbers, but lack the intuitive sense of knowing when to crunch numbers, or which tool to best use at a certain point in the game," says CharlieFortsConscience, one of Foldit's gamers. "The experience and intuition part of the gameplay, for me, is being able to look fresh at a puzzle structure and note which areas 'don't look right'."
But even experience and intuition has its limits. Some puzzles proved too much for them. While some could solve the hardest of challenges - folding a full protein from its extended chain of amino acids - most struggled. Cooper thinks that he'll get the best outcomes by blending the best of both human creativity and computer power. If Rosetta can take them half-way, gamers can finish the job with aplomb.
Cooper was so impressed with the players' strategies that he thinks he can use them to design better algorithms for later versions of Rosetta. As he says, "Our results indicate that scientific advancement is possible if even a small fraction of the energy that goes into playing computer games can be channelled into scientific discovery." It's a perfect example of what Clay Shirky describes as the "cognitive surplus" - the free time and mental energy that's spent on leisure pursuits. Thanks to the Internet, this valuable resource could be channeled into something more productive.
In the meantime, the gamers themselves can smile at the fact that they've been published in the prestigious journal Nature. They're final authors on Cooper's new Nature paper, listed anonymously (as seems fitting) as the "Foldit players".
By Ed Yong
Reprinted with permission from DiscoverAttori più pagati Emma Stone
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Il 2017 è l’anno di Emma Stone. Dopo l’Oscar per «La La Land», la star 28enne è diventata l’attrice più pagata al mondo secondo la classifica stilata dalla rivista Forbes. Stone, che dal giugno 2016 al giugno 2017 ha incassato 26 milioni di dollari, ha scalzato dalla vetta Jennifer Lawrence, terza con 24 milioni di dollari negli ultimi 12 mesi, dopo essere stata in testa per due anni. Al secondo posto c’è invece Jennifer Aniston con 25,5 milioni. Chiudono la top five Melissa McCarthy con 18 milioni di dollari e Mila Kunis con 15 milioni.
E pensare che solo l’anno scorso Stone aveva rivelato a Vanity Fair di aver creduto a un certo punto che non ci fosse spazio per lei a Hollywood, soprattutto dopo aver visto il successo di Lawrence.
«C’è stato un momento in cui il mio ego è impazzito», confessò, «ho pensato ’lei è così piena di talento, sono fregata, non lavorerò mai più. Poi mi sono calmata e ho capito che c’è spazio per tutti». La star nata a Scottsdale, in Arizona, calca le scene dall’età di 11 anni, quando apparve nel musical «The Wind in the Willows». A 15 anni si trasferisce con la madre a Los Angeles e dal 2004 appare in diverse serie tv. Ma è nel 2007 che esordisce sul grande schermo nella commedia «Suxbad - Tre menti sopra il pelo». Nel 2011 ha vestito i panni della fidanzata di Spiderman e ha girato due film con Woody Allen. Nel 2014 esordisce anche a Broadway nel musical «Cabaret», insieme con Alan Cumming, e prende parte al pluripremiato «Birdman», meritandosi la prima nomination come migliore attrice non protagonista. È il 2017 il suo anno d’oro, con la vittoria dell’Oscar e il riconoscimento di Time, che la inserisce nella lista delle «10
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